Guardian -- 1958-09-08 -- Page 4

| spirit of the Bill of Rights.

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PAGE 4 MONDAY, SEPT, 8, 1958,

A Bill Of Rights

The introduction of a draft of

_ Bill of Rights by the Prime Minister
with the intention of leaving it over.
+ until the next session of Parliament
1 in which

is certainly the best way |
such a measure could have been treat-

| ed. There will be opportunity for

study of the measure during the next
few months. and certainly, in a mat-
ter of this kind it-is essential to have
it given full consideration.

Under our practice, as under that
of:Parliament at Westminister, there
is no difference in form between a
constitutional Bill and normal legis-
lation. There is no requirement, for
instance, that a constitutional meas-

ure have any more than a simple ma- .
. jority in the House and in the Senate.

This, coupled with the fact that pro-
visions of an Act of Parliament can

be repealed not only explicitly but by

implication, where subsequent legis-

lation is at variance with an earlier
Act, makes a Bill of Rights difficult
te make effective.

In other words, what Parliament
ean do it can undo. a

This does not mean that a Bill of
Rights is useless. All the great land-
marks of British constitutional de-
velopment are subject to amendment
or repeal by simple Act of Parlia-
ment, passed with no more formality
than an Act respecting the Post Of-
fice. Nevertheless, Magna Carta, the
Bill of Rights, the Petition of Right
and other declarations have exercised

powerful influence on the attitude |

and conduct. of legislators through

- the centuries.,

It may well be that a Canadian

Bill of Rights would similarly become
-entrenched’ in

Canadian political
thinking and help to make future gen-
erations aware of the dangers to
freedom and readier to oppose any
measures which would infringe the

For the very reason that it must
appeal to sentiment as well as cover
specific cases it is important that
drafting should be.of the highest’ or-
der. No only legislators and lawyers
should give th3ir comments on the
Bill, but educators, writers and people
in every category of Canadian life -

should give thought to the contents -

and expression of this Canadian Bill
ef Rights. oe
-Resistance To Slogans
A psychologist attached to the

gurvey research centre of the Uni:
versity of Michigan has been doing

, Bome research into. consumers’: re-:

action to high pressure salesman-
ship. His findings are interesting if
not particularly surprising.

The study showed that no amount
ef “‘sloganising”—a fearful word
meaning the exaggerated use of
slogans—canh persuade people to: buy
the things they think they don’t
need. This, of course, applies to
people in general; there are indivi-
duals, plenty of them, who will buy
anything from anybody, whether
they need it or not and whether they.
can afford it or not,

High interest rates, the study
showed, “disturb” the average per-
son. They also have a bad effect on
business generally. So do large-scale
campaigns. The survey touched par-
ticularly on an elaborate “buy now”
campaign conducted by a group of
American manufacturers last Spring.
The, researeher concluded from his
study that 1% million persons who
were thinking seriously of buying
,some of the products covered by
the slogan decided not to do so as a
result of the intensive “ballyhoo”.
Their reaction was just the opposite
to what the sponsors intended. ;

In another instance the makers
of a certain’ soft drink product
praised the product so loudly and
with such fanfare that consumers in
their thousands turned to the pro-
duct of a rival company, just to be
contrary. All honour to. them!

The survey revealed, however,
that normal advertising practices
render a valuable public service.
They, undoubtedly, benefit both sell-
ers and prospective buyers. They aid
the economy to a.great extent. Very
few businesses, if any, could exist,
much less flourish, without adver-
tising. Incidentally, the newspaper is

A New “Pill

Farmers who are faced with the
report’ from the Connecticut Agricul-

tural Experiment Station in New Ha-|.

_ station, points out in the report that

tion, with gold and foreign currency

still by far the most profitable
medium. It is when the highpressure
devotees, armed. with fatuous. slo-
gans, take over that public resist-
ance takes on significance—which,
of course, is a sign of sane thinking
on the part of the public.

Senate And Commons

In the only dispute in this year’s
session between the Senate and the
Commons, the Senate thought it
wise to withdraw an amendment it

had made to the Estate Tax Act].

after the lower House had passed
the legislation.

“The amendment in question was,
apparently, not of any great import-
ance. It was a minor matter which,
if it had been sustained, would not
have made -much difference to the

intent of the Act in general. At the}

same time, it would_appear that it
was withdrawn in haste, members of
the Senate being anxious to avoid a,
prolonged argument with Comnions’
members or, more accurately, with
the Cabinet. This approach may
have its merits within limits. But it
is one thing for a Liberal-dominated
Senate to avoid conflict with a

Conservative-dominated Commons on |

a minor matter. It would be quite

another for the Senate to submit to}

the Commons on every issue on
which there might be disagreement,
merely to show that it does not de-
sire to be regarded as an “obstruc-
tionist” body. Fie 2

As long as the Senate exists, it
has constitutional responsibilities
which: it cannot ignore. It has just

-as much right as the Commons to}:

discuss legislation; and in taking a
second look at bills sent to it by the
lower House it is well within its
rights; indeed, that is its principal
function. It would be most unfor-
tunate if the Senate were to develop
a sense of inferiority just to keep on
good terms with the ruling party
and to avoid disputation,

problem of wilted cabbage—reports
say that it is more prevalent this year
than usual—will be encouraged! by a

ven. ag
Dr. A.A. Diamond, director of the

cabbage wilt is not the result of hot
weather or prolonged rains, It is caus-
ed by fungi, the same as many other

plant diseases. Now, however, there|
is a possibility that sick plants, like

sick animals, may be cured by a pill.
Anti-biotics, fungicides, growth-hor-
mones and anti-growth ~ compounds
are being studied as chemotherapeu-
tic agents for sick plants. “By dis-
covering the biochemical pathways of
fungi”, Dr. Diamond says, “scientists
hope to be able to introduce sustan-
ces into the plant that will cure dis-
ease.infecting it.” This would be an
improvement over disease, prevention
methods now in use. These methods
must be used before the’ disease actu-
ally takes hold.
It is hoped that the new “pill”
when one is finally available, wifl also
be effective against wheat rust which |
costs American and. Canadian farm-
ers many millions of dollars annually.

EDITORIAL NOTES

It was generally expected that |
Alaskans would vote to make their
territory the 49th State, The sur-
prising thing was that one out of
every six voted to stay out.

* ak *

The Railways are in a quandary.
They don’t feel like accepting the
recommendations of the Concilia-
tion Board which looked into their

dispute with the unions. Nor are
they anxious to have the matter re-

solved by the Federal Cabinet which,
in all probability, would be governed
by the board’s majority report. A
conciliation board should never be
appointed unless both sides to a dis-

pute agree in advance to accept its
recommendations. What purpose
does it serve otherwise?

* * x *

The ‘wonder nation” of our
time is West Germany. Only 13
years after its total defeat in war,
its industries in ruins, it is the most}
powerful industrial nation in West
Europe. Its manufactured products
are being exported to every quarter
of the globe. In shipbuilding it ranks
next to Japan and the United King-
dom. Financially, it ranks “next to
the United States as a creditor na-

reserves of $5 billion. Recently, it
made a loan of $100 million to
France and $50 million to Turkey.
Thert is virtually no unemployment,

average and that we eould look

' Also we were very proud to

‘ land’s Prime Minister, leave this

when a strong tariff Government

2

ne scarcity of consumers’ goo

“pared and: preplanned meeting
‘of the governments of the sister

ens they should be. In fact, Mr.

WE SEE THAT THE HOUSE OF COMMONS IS TO HAVE A
SIMULTANEOUS TRANSLATION SYSTEM. “TRANSLATING
ENGLISH AND FRENCH SHOULD BE SIMPLE BuT WHAT

ABOUT THOSE CHOICE EXAMPLES OF OFFICIAL DOUBLE-TALK —

Bat -s)
‘ és

i,

CTAXPAYER'S
, MONEY

sicaiaialiimaaiadl

YyecarTay-Like TacTics” Vf
“AM WVESTIGATION Tat ©;
als MEMBERS oF YouR PARTY

Vee

X\

cone

We HAVE APPOINTED A ;
ROYAL COMMISSION.

WE Don't KNOW WHAT To DO ABouT THIS
‘PROBLEM BUT WE HoPE EVERYONE WILL
HAVE FORGOTTEN ABour 7 BY THe TIME
Te COMMISSION REPORT Comes OUT

= SURPLUS’
Cumann in ePrice)
“AN OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE
OF WISE AND PRUDENT -
\ ADMINISTRATION

* WASTE”

ANY THING

GE

~ THE THIRD LANGUA

OTTAWA REPORT —

Commonwealth Conference

By Patrick

Nicholson _-

Special Correspondent For The Guardian

, When the Commonwealth Eco-
nomic Conference spens in Mon-
treal next Monday, it will already
have achieved fame on one score.
It will be the most carefully pre-

ever held between representatives

nations forming. the Common-
wealth. : f J

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the | discus-

“sion by corres of of
interest. The Guardian s not neses-
sarily endorse the opi o£ corres
Beh, ‘~ pondents,

‘Sir:—Is it not insulting on the
part of our present Federal Gov-
ernment, failing to pay our po-
tato‘farmers at least 70 cents a
bushel for those few surplus spuds

hey were’ unable to self from |'i6n° Gordon Churchill told ‘me.
more in a tone of genuine belief |

their last year’s crop, Especial.
ly, Mr. Editor, when Mr. Diefen-)
baker, our Prime Minister, prom-
ised in the Town of Summerside,
that they would pay 80. percent,
as a minimum of. the five year

as a support
price, — i j

rt

send four Conservative members ,
to Ottawa to represent. us there.
Are we as proud of this fact {o-
day as we were election night.

Personally I don’t think those |.

men are putting up a fight
for an honest deal for our farm-

Potato Grower, I. would person-
ally return any check offered to
me less than 70 cents a bushel.

Many years ago the Liberal
Government paid us that much
money when costs were way down
compared to today.

Again we may be sure Mr.
Diefenbaker is going to be a
friend of the Big Business now of
Ontario and Quebec. Did he not,
after promising more trade with
England, slap an-inereased tariff
on their woolens coming into Can-
ada. Did not Mr. MacMillan, Eng-

country “Ottawa” in disgust af-
ter knowing the facts behind this
hew Conservative Government,
did he not also offer a free trade
‘greement with Ottawa. This is
ows that is quickly forgotten

is in power,

Now, what of the future, Mr.
Farmer? | suggest, as all other
Sroups of labourers have done,
fo organize for our mutual bene-
‘it; and remember, it will mean
dossibly drastic measures. For
istance, if your directors of -a
*otato Board told’ you that only
en acres of potatoes would be
sold from. your erop and that
you could please yourself about
digging those extra acres, what |
vould you do or say. One thing
7ou would acknowledge is that
his sort of thing will surely mean
1 40-hour week, if nothing else.
{ could also mean that you would
eceive as much for that ten
‘eres as you would for the twen-
y or thirty.

This is only a foresight or Jook
into the future: of better thingis
for you and me. What We need
most is an organizer who wil)
ut pep and faith in our own bus-
less Management, and not to be

oking for some Government of-
“cial to look after our needs.

We farmers only represent a-
‘out 30 percent of our’ popula-
‘on, so our Big Representatives
‘ont need to listen to our ar-
‘uments; that is why margarine
s sold in all Canada except Que-
‘ and P.E.I. On thing, they
vould take‘ notice if we leave half
sur spuds in the ground and pos-
“ibly one-third our hogs unsold

Apart from these drastic. rules
we shall always be hewers of
‘vood and carriers. of water. for
‘wo-thirds of our population. In
‘losing, organization means noth-
ing short of Ontario, Quebec and
the Maritimes.

I am Sir, etc.,
HARRY PRIDHAM.

| mittee, oar
As a result, there is justified

Montrose,

Months of intensive exploration, :

discussion and communication,
have gone into setting the stage,

| oY more accurately devising the

agenda, for this meeting. Here
in Ottawa these preparations have
been carried on at an excep-
tionally high Jevel, with Trade
Minister Gordon Churchill and
Finance Minister Donald Flem-
ing, summoning their departmen-
tal officials regularly every Wed-
nesday evening, after Parliament
has finished its. work’ for the
day, to meetings of the special
Commonwealth Conference Com-

confidence that talks will _pro-
duce very successful steps to-
wards’ boosting trade betwe
members of the Commonwealth.
“The collective wisdom of the
Conference will produce som e-
thing worthwhile. and substantial,

than of mere pious hope.
In 1932, a Conservative Govern-

| ment in Ottawa invited represen’

tatives of Commonwealth coun-
tires to a trade conference here.
That meeting produced the bene-
fiscial and still observed prefer-

ential system of tariffs.

This year, the drive to increase

‘ trading relations within the Com-

moniwealth will have a much wid-
er framework.
TIMES HAVE CHANGED

“There are today more means
of facilitating trade than there
used to be, and there is now a
wider diversification of Common-
wealth tnading interests than
there were in 1932,’ a senior
official working on the Conifer-
ence plans told me. f

Canada’s main emphasis. will
continue to be a determined at-
tempt to spread our trade over a
wider and hence a safer base.
At present we buy too much from
the States, and we' rely too -heav-
ily on the States as a market ‘for
our exports.

Americans will ‘buy from us
when jt suits them: It will never,
in the foreseeable future; — suit
them to buy such primary com-
modities as our wheat and our
fish. They don’t buy our cheese

and our salmon. They are taking
positive steps to exclude our soil
and certain metals.

But there, are other countries
in the world who would buy our
surplus “production of these it-

‘ems tomorrow—if they had the

dollars to pay for them.

In other words, if we were to
buy some of our import require-
ments from some of those woudd-
be buyers of our unsold surplus-
es, we would at once open up a
market for ourselves by spend-
ing our dollars with them.

This is presumably what Prime
Minister John Diefenbaker has
always meant by his objective of
reducing our imports from ‘the
States, and placing those import
orders elsewhere.

THE HEN OR THE EGG?

The Liberals have attacked the
Prime Minister for what they as-
sert is a wrong-thinking policy

-of trade ‘‘diversion’’;: we should
expand our trade, not divert it, |

the say. But how? Everyone
would like to expand exports, but

one must have money to buy. |}.

An essential prior step, if we wish
to expand our exports to the soft
‘currency countires, which means
the Commonwealth and most of
the western world and the free

world, is to buy from thos coun-

tires first. And cah we afford
to expand our imports from other

-countires? No, we must change

our buying habits, or ‘‘divert’’
“One obvious example being talk-

{| ed about here is our heavy im-

portation of citrus fruits. We
buy these now from California
and Florida. And what do Cali-

2

| forriia.and Florida buy from us?

Wheat? Apples? Fish? Cheese?

‘But if the West Indies were en-
couraged to develop their citrus
production to meet our needs, we
could buy a great part of our
oranges and grapefruit and lem-
ons from them, and pay. them
‘good Canadian dollars too. They
woutld then be able to afford to
buy from us, using those same
dollars, wheat and fish and other
items which they badly’ need.

In these days of import quotas
and tariffs and a convertible cur-
rency,. international trade is a
very complicated. matter. But if
our representatives can fight their
way through the international
red tape at next week’s confer
ence, our trade pattern may em-
erge,a year or two from now, in
a very much healthier shape than
today.

Two

~

By GEORGE KITCHEN
Canadian Press Staff Writer .
The United States has: adopted

two standards of policy on the
Nationalist-held islands of Matsu
and Quemoy off the Red China
coast. !

One is official and a matier of
government record; the other is
unofficial and can be abandoned
if expedient, to do so.

The first was ‘set out in the
statement State Secretary Dulles

-issued Thursday after his confer-

at Eisenhower’s vacation ‘head-
quartrs at Newport, R.1, \

The statement was an if-and-

or-but sort of document which
shed no light on what the US.
will do if the Red Chinese aitiack
the two Nationalist islands, which
lie a few miles off the China
mainland,
Tt said the president has not
yet made-any finding that U.S.
forces are needed in the defence
of Formosa, the Chiang Kai-shek
island stronghold that lies an-
other 100 miles out to sea. Be-
yond that, though it ran 900
words, the statement added noth-
ing to what U.S. officials already
have said about the Far East
crisis,

The secand standard of policy
was enunciated by a government
official who then interpreted that
statement for reporters, This
anonymous official, who ranks
high in the councils of U.S. gov-
ernment, went far beyond the of-
ficial statement in indicating that
Eisenhower has, in fact, decided
to use American fighting men if
necessary to keep the islands out
of Red Chinese hands.

It is extremely unlikely that the

U.S. Far East Policies

By George Kitchen, Canadian Press _ sees

would, or could, air stich views
without Eisenhower's prior know-
ledge.

TWO FACES

There are several theories
about the administnation’s reason-
ing in putting two faces on its
China poliey, > .

One is that Bisenhower wanted
to give the Red Chinese a sharp
warning as to American, reaction
to any offshore attack while at
the same time giving himself an
escape hatch if one jis needed. A
declaration of American intent to
defend Matsu and Quemoy, if in-
cluded in an official documeni,
would commit the U.S. to a
course of action from which it
ment by an anonymous official,
no matter how thigh, does not’
commit the government, and can
be denied or forgotten if the need
arises.

Another theory is that Eisen-
hower is less anxious or willing
to go to Chiang’s aid over the is-
lands than is Dulles and some of
his pro-chiang aides in the state
department, and that an unofti-
cial declaration of American in-
tent was as far as the president
was prepared to go.

WAIT AND SEE

And it may also be that Kisen-
hower has, in actual fact, not yet
decided whether to commit U.S
forces in the defence of the is-
lands, Asked about this at his last
Washington press conference, the
president made this significant
reply: :

“You simply can not make mil-
itary decisions until after the
event reaches you.” . :

The U:S. is obligated by treaty
to defend Formosa iand its neigh-

anonymous administration official | boring Pescadores Isbands. Under

\

Here’s Average
Uleer Victim

By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D.
ARE YOU a candidate for. an
ulcer? he i
It has been estimate iat be-
tween 10 and 12 per cent: of Aim-
ericans will suffer from peptic
ulcer sometime during their lives.
Are you likely to be one of them?
Well, we can’t say for sure, of
course, since we don’t even know
the exact cause of stomach ul-
cers, But we can call upon sta-
tistics to give us a pretty good
description of the average ul-
eer victim. ‘
‘For example, we know thal an
ulcer patient pretty: generally is
a lean person in contrast to the
He is tense,- aggressive, am-
bitious, anxious to get somewhere,
in this business world of, ours.
And there is a fairly good chance
that some other member of his

| family has or had an ulcer. We

know there is a tendency for
many members of some famil-
jes to be stricken with ulcers.
WHAT IS AN ULCER?

A peptic ulcer is a small break
in the lining of the stomach or
duodenum. It is the result of
the destruction of the underlying
tissue by the digestive action of
acid gastric juice.

The actual size of the break

‘will range from a quarter of an

inch to an inch, but from the

| pain it can cause, you might

think it was a mile wide. In

| ehronie cases patients might com-

Plain of pain’ for up to seven
years.

For some reason, attacks ef
pain generally are more preva-
lent in the spring and the fall.
WHEN IT HURTS ©

We are pretty certain. that pain
is caused when the stomach acid

relieve the pain either by neu-
tralizing the acid or by emptying
the stomach.

Worry and fatigue tend to pro-
duce recurrences of pain. So do
acute infections.

Almost always the pain pro-
duced by stomach ulcers can’ be
relieved by eating. Your doctor,
of course, will place you on a spe-
Cial diet with a lot of milk and
cream. He will prohibit highly

of tobacco and alcohol.
He also has antacid powders.

: and pastes at his disposal to
tralize the stomach acidity and, ;

if necessary, he can cure the ul-
cer with surgery. py
UESTION AND ANSWER
R.W,: Should a baby just home
from the hospital have his erib
Mattress raised at the head?

Answer: Usually, the baby’s bed
should be level. However. when
the baby has a cold, it is advan-
tageous to lower the head. of
the bed in order that infected
secretions can drain out of the
nose and throat easily,

OUR YESTERDAYS |

(From The Guardian Files)

(Fom the Guadian Files)
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO
: (Sept, 8, 1933)”
Fire which broke out this morn-
ing totally destroyed the

gireen-
house, small barn and partially
damaged the large barn of Mr.

Von Clure Gay, Upper

Street, causing an estimate Joss
of $3,000. Several cars in the barn
were saved, but the horses, as
far as could be learned, were
burned with the building. The
fire is believed to have origina-
ted in the barn, quickly spread-
ing gfe the adjoining buildings.

A very‘ successful school fair
Was conducted at Tracadie Cross
yesterday under +the direction of
Mr. Howard Court. There was a
good attendance and excellent
exhibits of grain, vegetables, live-
stock, poultry and homework.
The exhibits. were judged by Mf,
W.L. Brenton, Provincial Dairy
Superintendent, and Miss Jean
Rodd,

TEN YEARS AGO
_ (Sept 8, 1948)

Unveiling of ‘a monument in
honour of Lucy Maude Montgotn-
ery famed Island-born author and
creator of the Anne of Green Gab-
les stories together with two. in-

| vestitutes will take place in front

of Green Gables Club House at
Cavendish next Sunday afternoon,

Justice Thane A, Campbell. will
deliver an address on her life.

Work on the construction of a
new Bank of Nova Scotia building
for Summerside started yester-
day when employees of MF.
Schurman Co. Ltd., who have the
contract, began tearing down the
foundation of the building which
had previously been on the site,
The new building is being eree-
ted just west of the present buitd-
ing on Water Street, .

MAXIMS

We wouldn’t have se many de-
linquents if their mothers hugged
them and kissed them, and when
necessary. spaked them ..A,
_ child who knows that he is loved
ean accept discipline, even the
woodshed type,

a special resolution adopted. in
1955, “Congress left’ it up ‘to the
president to decide whether any
attack of Quemoy and Matsu was
mosa and therefore should be met
the start of an assault on For-
mosa and therefore should be met
by U.S. military and naval power,

-eéssion, and plainly justified by

reaches the ulcer because we can*}

Seasoned foods and ban the use

|-As the swallow breasting the:

it was learned yesterday. Chief |

NOTES BY THE WA\

Some people asked why the A
U.S. Navy used a “blimp” for
exploration ‘of the Canadian Are-
ic—and back came: the answer
a it was more efficient to make
a survey of Polar bears, musk-
oxen, seals and walrus. Can't do
that in a jet!—Ottawa Journal

Canada, having dispensed with
almost. all her merchant marine
could make a new start by de-
veloping nuclear-powered tnder-
water freighters fo carry her ”
commence under the Northern |
ice from ports along the Arctic
rim.—Ottawa Journal

Daily newspapers in the Uni-
ted States are making heavy out-
lays to expand their plants and |
buy new equipment. A demon-
stration of confidence and good
economic health, despite the re-

future prospects. -Cape

. Montreal is the only major Can-
adian City that contains - parks
and beaches within the heart of
the business area. These facili-
ties do not imply that Montreal. |
ers are softer, or move about less

purgosefully, than residents of.
other cities. If that were so, Mon-
treal could not have become Can-
ada’s largest city. Thes facili-
ties ‘ simply mean that Mon-
trealers have sense enough to sit
down when thei feet ache.—Ot-

While scientists still argue a-
bout the damaging after-effects
of. A-bomb blasts on the human
frame, a good place to look for
evidence is surely Hiroshima. The
first nuclear weapon used in war |
fell on that Japanese city in Aug. |
1945. Thirteen years later Dr.
Sasuma Watanabe, dean of the |
medical school at Hiroshima Un-
iversity, reports that leukemia or
plood cancer is twice as preval-
ent in Hiroshima as in the rest
of Japan. Strontium 90, the dan-|
gerous element in fallout, causes|

leukemia.—Financial Post

Look, look—a bird, a swallow
At speed too instant for the eye |p
_ to follow, no i :
Etehes on morning light i
Its multitudinous arabesques of | §

hollow thunder, i nes
Still it eludes our stare |

fields of air.

Ah for the strong spelendour —

» able of surrender! =
Ah to float free

slopes of eternity! — f

i

AUDREY ALEXANDRA BROWN

The Age Old Story

Wherefore let him that think-
eth he standeth take heed lest
he fall. : : :

TURKISH PRODUCE
Tobacco, cotton, grain, figs and
silk are major items of Turkish
agriculture. ed

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EPIDEMIC HITS KOREA

SEOUL, Korea (AP) — Sleep
ing sickness — encephalitis—has
killed 1,087 Koreans, mostly chil-
dren, out of 4,911 patients, South
Korean health officials said Fri-
day. The total includes 68 dead
and 310 new cases since Thurs-
day. The newspaper Yunhap Shin-
mun said the government’s ‘‘half-
hearted” mosquito killing drive is
largely responsible for the epi-
demic. The mosquito is believed
fo carry the sleeping - sickness

virus.

“

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