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PAGE 4 MONDAY. SEPT. s. 105?.

A Bill Of Rights

The introduction of a draft of

' Bill of Rights by the Prime Minister with the intention of leaving it over “ until the next session of Parliament ’ in which ‘

is certainly the) best way V such a measure could have been treat.

‘I ed. There will be opportunity for

study of the measure during the next few months and certainly. in a mat- ter of this kind it 'is essential to have it given full consideration.

Under our practice, as under that of Parliament at Westminister, there is no difference in form between a constitutional Bill and normal [legis- lation. There is lib-requirement, for instance, that e. censtitutional meas-

ure have any more than a simple ma- . » jority in the House and in the Senate.

This, coupled with the fact that pro- ' ' visions of an Act of Parliament can

be repealed not only explicitly but by

’ implication, where subse uent legis~

lation is at variance with an earlier” Act, makes a Bill of Rights difficult to make effective. ‘ .‘

In other words, what Parliament can do it can undo. ‘ '

This does not mean, that a Bill of sléhu' is-useless. All the great land- marks ‘of British constitutional de- velopment are subject to amendment or repeal by simple Act of ' Parlia? ment, passed with no more fonnality than an Act respecting the Post or. fice. Nevertheless, Magna Carta, the Bill‘of Rights, the Betition of Right and other declarations have exercised ,

powerful“ influence on theattitude .

and. conduct or legislators... I thxnugh

I the centuries... :

It may ‘ well bethat a" gems...

' Bill of Rights would similarly become - entrenched” in

Canadian“: pblitlcelv thinking and help to make future gen- erations aware of the dangers ,to freedom and readicr to _Opp0se‘ any measures which would infringe the

Fur the very reason that it must? appeal to sentiment as well as cover specific cases it is important that drafting should beof the highestiOr- der. No only legislators and lawyers should give their domments on the Bill, but educators, writers and VpeOple‘ in every category of Canadian life

should giVe thought to the contents" ~

and expression of this Canadian Bill of Rights. ' ' , - Resistance To Slogan-s A psychologist attached to the

survey research centre of the Unl'-' Versity of Michigan has been doing

. some research into consumers’- rem

Action to ' high pressure salesmané ship. His findings are interesting if not particularly surprising.

The study showed that no amount of "‘sloganising"——a fearful word meaning the exaggerated use of slogans—can persuade people to buy the. things they think they don’t need. This, of course, applies to people in general; there are indivi- duals, plenty of them, who will buy anything from anybody, whether they need it or not and Whether they. can afford it or not. '

High interest rates, the study showed, “disturb”. the average per- son. They‘also have a bed effect on business generally. So do large-scale campaigns. The survey touched par- ticularly on an! elaborate ‘ “buy ,now” campaign conducted by‘ a group of American manufacturers last Spring. The researcher concluded from his study that 11/2 million persons who were thinking seriously of buying ,some of the products covered by the slogan decided not to do so as a result of the intensive “ballyhoo”. Their reaction was just the opposite to what the sponsors intended. ‘

In another instance the makers '0! a certain ‘ soft drink product praised the product so loudly and With such fanfare that consumers in their thousands turned to the pro- duct of a rival company, just to be contrary. All’ honour to them!

The survey revealed, however, that normal advertising practices render a valuable public service. They, undoubtedly, benefit both sell- ers and prospective buyers. They aid theeconomy to agreat extent. Very few businesses, if any, could exist, much less flourish, without adver- tising: Incidentally, the newspaper is

- A lNe’wlh‘P‘iII‘l '

' Farmers who are faced with the ‘, report‘from the; Connecticpt Agricul-

tural ExperimentStationin New Ha: .‘

.sta’tion,.ppints out in the report-7 that

tion, with gold and foreign currency

still by far the most profitable medium. It is when the highpressure devotees, armed with fatuous slo- gans, take over that public resist- ance takes on significance—which, of course, is a sign of sane thinking on the part of the public.

Senate AncI Commons

In the only dispute in this year’s session between the Senate and the Commons, the Senate thought it Wise to withdraw an- amendment it

had made to the Estate ‘ Tax Act ,

after the lower House had passed the legislation. V

’The amendment in question was, apparently, not of any great import- ance. It was a minor matter which, if it had been sustained, would not have made -much difference to the

intent of the Act in general. At the “

same time, it wouldappear that it Was withdrawn in haste, members of the Senate being anxious to avoid a‘ prolonged argument with Comnions‘ members or,‘ more accurately, with the Cabinet. This approach may have its meritsWithin limits. But it is one thing for a Liberal-denunated Senate to, avoid conflict with, a

Conservative-dominated Commons on .

a minor matter. It would .be quite

another for the Senate to submit to ‘

the Commons on every issue on which there might be disagreement, merely to show that it does not. de-g sire to be regarded as an "obstruc- tion-ist" body. V — _ , a

As long as the Senate exists, it has constitutional . responsibilities which; it cannot ignore. It has just

‘as muCh right as the Commons to ,»

discuss legislation; and in taking a secondle at bills sent to it by the lower House it is Well within its rights; indeed, that is its principal function. It would be most unfor- tunate if the Senate were to: develop a sense of inferioritij to keep on terms with the ruling party and mi avoid disputation.

problem ofwilted cabbage-i-reports Say that it is mere prevalent this year than usual—Will be encouragedi by a

van. . 1.‘ Dr. A.A. Diamond, director of the

oebb‘ageiwllt 'isfuot the result of hot weather or prolonged rains. It is caus- ed by fungi, the same as many other

plant diseases. Now, however, there _ ' is epossibilitythat sick'plants, like

sick animals, may be cured by a pill; Anti-biotics, fungicides, / growth-hor- mones and anti—growth compounds are being “studied 'as chemotherapeu- tic agents for sick plants. “By dis- covering the biochemical pathways of fungi”, Dr. Diamond says, “scientists hope to be able to introduce substan- ces intothe plant that will cure dis— easelnfectingi .", This would be an improvement over diseaseprevention methods now in use. These methods must be used before the' disease actu- ally takes hold. ’ It is hoped that the new “pill” when one is finally available, Will also be effective against wheat rust which . costs American andiCanadian farm- ers many millions of dollars annually.

EDITORIAL NOTES

It was generally expected that Alaskans would vote to make their territory the '49th State. The ' sur- prising thing was that one out of every six voted to stay out.

I: * t

The Railways are in a quandary. They \don’t feel like accepting the recommendations of the Concilia- tion Board which Icoked into their

dispute with the unions. Nor are they anxious to have the matter re-

solved by the Federal Cabinet which, in all probability, would be governed by the board’s majority report. A conciliation board should never be appointed unless both sides to a dis-

pute agree in advance to accept its recommendations. What purpose does it serve otherivise? as a: a: as

The “wonder nation" of our time is West Germany. Only 13 years after its total defeat in war, its industries in ruins, it is the most I powerful industrial nation in West Europe. Its manufactured products are being exported to every quarter of the globe. In shipbuilding it ranks next to Japan and the United King- dom, Financially, it ranks .next to the United States as a creditor na-

reserves of $5 billion. Recently, it made a loan of $100 million to France and $50 million to Turkey. Thert is virtually no unemployment,

‘ average and that we could look

“ Also we were very proud to

‘ land’s Prime Minister, leave this

‘ vhen a strong tariff Government

a

no scarcity of consumers’ gOOdsz‘A

and“ proplenned meeting or the govemmemhs'or the sister

ens they should be. In fact, Mr.

Awe See our THE House or comm IS To HAVE A SIMULTANEOUS TRANSLATION SYSTEM. TRANSLATING éuousu AND FRENCH SHOULD BE 5IMPLE Bur WHAT

ABOUT 'filOSe CHOICE fumes 0F OFFICIAL DooBLefrALK -f-

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‘ NWT?”

ANYTHIN“.

GE

. a THE THIRD lANéUA

OTTAWA. REPORT ,.

CommonWeoIih‘ Conference

By Patrick

Nicholson -

Special Correspondent For The Guardian

,» When meICommonwealth Eco- nomic Conference opens in Mon- treal next Monday, it Will already have achieved fame on onet'score. It will be the most carefully pre-

ever held between representatives

nations “forming. the Common— wealth. . v ‘

This column is open to the, disco!-

sion by correspondents of question of Interest. The, Guardian 2: not noses- nrily endorse the op‘ fl cones ' l ' mounts.

‘Sirrz-lle it not insulting. on the part of our present Federal Gov- ernment. failing no pay our pio- tato/lfaiinmrsmt least 70 centre bushel for W supine spoils

' ward-“I an“; land”, 01” Ml.- »- dumfi am in a- tone of gaming belief v

their lest; year’s m. Web. By, Mr. Editor. when Mr. Diefen-' baker, our Prime Minister. {imm- ised in «the Town ofSummerside, that they illiquid pay 80 percent as a oft‘he‘five year

II a price. i i r

I .

send four conservative members. to Ottawa to represent us there. Ans we as proud of iihisftaict lo- iary as we were election night.

Personally. I don’t think those .

men are putting up .a fight for an honest deal for our farm-

Potato Grower, I. would person— alllly return any check offered to me less than 70 cents a bushel.

Many years ago the hiberal Government paid us that much money when costs were way down compared to today.

Again we may be sure Mr. Diefenbakior is going to be a friend of the Big Business now of Ontario and Quebec. Did he not, after promising more trade with England, slap an increased tariff on their woolens coming into Gan» adaa. Did not Mr. MacMillan, Eng-

oouuitry “Ottawa” in disgust af- ter knowing the facts behind this new Conservative Government. had she not also offer a free trade ~greement with Ottawa. This is ews that is quickly forgotten

is in power.

Now, what of the future, Mr. Farmer? I suggest. as all other groups of labourers have done, to organize for our mutual bene: ‘it; and remember, it will mean )OSSllbIl-y drastic racemes. For istavnce, if your directors of -a ‘otato Board told‘you that only so acres of potatoes would be I sold from your crop and that vou could please yourself about digging those extra acres, what . vouid you do or say. One thing Iou would acknowledge is that his sort of thing will surely mean i 40-hour week, if nothing else. t could also mean that you would eceive as much for that ten zcres‘as you would for the twen- y or thirty.

This is only a foresight or look into the future of better things for you and me. What We need most is an organizer who will not pep and faith in our own bus- iess management, and not to be

oking for some Government of- "cial to look after our needs.

We fanmers only represent a- :out 30 percent of our popula- ‘on, so our Big Representatives ‘on't need to listen to our ar- ‘uments; that is why margarine 5 sold in all Canada except. Que- and P.E.I. 0n thing. they .v uld taken-otice if we leave half iuir sp‘uds in the ground and pos- ':ibly one-third our hogs unsold

Apart from these drastic rules we shall always be hewers of road and carriers of water for 'WOJI’l‘II‘dS of our population. In losing. organization means nnlh» 111;; short of Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes.

i am Sir, etc, HARRY FRED-HAM.

. mi-ttee. ‘ ‘ .. As a result, there is justified

Moutl‘oso.

Months of intensive exploration, -

discussion and communication, have gone into setting the stage,

or more accurately devising the

agenda, for this meeting. Here in Ottawa these preparations have been carried on at an emcep—V tionsally, high level, with Trade Minister Gordon Churchill and Finance Minister Donald Flam: lug, summoning their departmen- talofificials regularly every Wed- nesday evening. after Parliament has finished its work for the day, to meetings of the special Commonwealth Conference Com:

confidence that talks will .pro- duce very successful steps to- wards boosting trade '; betwe meirlbers of the Commonwealth. “The collective wisdom of the CoMerencewiIlll produce some- filial: worthwhileand ‘nctifll

than. of mere pimis. r in 1932, aConlervative Govern-

’ .ment. in Ottawa ‘ invited .rcpresenl

til/lives of" Commonwealth com; tires to s trade conference here. That meeting produced the bone- lisoiel and still observed preter-

‘en-tiall system of tariffs.

This year, the drive to increase

' trading relations within the Com-

monwealth will have a, much wid- er framework. TIMES HAVE CHANGED

“There are today more means of fiacilitating trade than there used to be. and there is now a wider diversification of Common— wealth tnadlmg interests than there were in 1932," a senior official Working on the Condor- once plans told me.

Canada’s main emphasis will continue to be a determined at tempt to spread our trade over a wider and hence a safer base. At present we buy too much from the States, and wersly too ,heav— ily on the States as a mval‘kert‘for our exports.

Americans will buy from us when it suits them. it will never, in the foreseeable future, suit them to buy such primary com- modities as‘ our wheat and our fish. They don‘t buy our cheese

Two

s

By, GEORGE KITCHEN Canadian Press Staff Writer . The United States has adopted

two standards of policy on the Nationalisbheld islands of Matsu and Quemoy oil the Red Obi-ma coast. ’

One is official and a matter of government record: the other is unofficial and can be «abandoned if expedient to do so.

The first was set out in the statement State Secretary Dulles

issued Thursday after his conifer

at Eisenhower’s vacation head quartrs at Newport. R1. \

The statement was an if—andv

orlbut sort of document which shed no light on what the U.S. will do if the Red Chinese attack the two Nationalist islands, which lie a few miles off the China mainland. _It said the president has not yet made any finding that U.S. forces are needed in the defence of Formosa, the Ohviiang Kai-shah island strong-hold that hes an- other 100 miles out to sea. Be- yond that, though it ran 900 words, the statement added noth- ing to what U.S. officials already have said about the Far East crisis.

The second standard of policy was enunciated by a government official who then interpreted that statement for reporters. This anonymous official, who ranks high in the councils of U.S. gov— ernment. went far beyond the of- ficial slalemenl in indicating Ihai Eisenhower has. in Facl. decided Io use American fighting men if nvecessary‘to keep the islands out of \Red Chinese hands.

It is extremely unlikely that the

and our salmon. They are taking positive steps to exclude our soil and certain metals.

Butane”, are other centuries in the would who would buy our sunplus “production of these it-

“ems tomorrows—if they had, the

dollars to pay flour them.

In other mode, if wc’were‘to buy some of our import require- ments from some of those would- be buyers ol‘ our unsold surplus- es, we would at dime open up a market for ourselves by spend- mg» our dollens with them. ‘

This is presumably what Prime- Minister John Diefe'lrbake'r has always meant by his objective of reducing our imports from the States, and placing those import orders elsewhere.

THEEHEN on THE EGG?

The Liberals have attacked the Prime Minister for what they .as— sort is a Wrong—thinking policy

of trade "diversion";i we should expand our trade, not. divert it, -

the say. ~But how? > Everyone would like to expand exports, but

one must have money, to buy. .

An essential prior step, if we wish to expand our exports to the sold: eugenics; countires. which means and most of the? western world and the free

-,world. is to buy from),thos coun-

tiresf first. And can we afford to expand our imports from other

countries? No, we must change

our buying habits, or “divert? (Mir purchases. , ‘ .One obvious example, being talli-

’ ed about here is our heavy in].

portartion of citrus fruits. We buy these new from California and Florida. And what do Cali-

?

_ lom'hrml Florida buy froni us ‘

Wheat? Apples? Fi‘eh?,:0hcese?

lBu/c if the West Indies were en- couraged to develop their citrus production to meet our needs. we could buy a great part of our oranges and grapefruit and lem- one from them, and pay. them good Canadian dollars too. They woutld than be able to afford to buy from us, using those same dollars, wheat and fish and other items which they badly need.

In these days of import qu as and tariffs and a convertible - remcy, international trade is a very complicated matter. But if 'our representatives can fight their way, through the international red tape at next week’s confer- ence, our trade pattern may em- erge,a year or two from now, in a very much healthier shape than today.

U.S. Far East Policies

By George Kitchen. Canadian Press I ' '

would. or could, air such views without Eisenhower‘s (prior know- ledge.

TWO FACES

There are several theories about the administration‘s reason- ing in putting two faces on its China policy. ‘ '

One Is that Eisenhower wanted to give the Red Chinese a sharp warning as to American. reaction lo any offshore attack while it the some time giving himself an escape hatch if one is needed. A declaration of American intent to defend Mats-u and (Quemoy, if in- cluded in an official documenl, would commit the U.S. to a course of action from which it ment by an anonymous official, no matter high, does not' commit the government. and can be denied or forgotten if the need arises.

Another theory is that Eisen- hower is less anxious or willing to .go to Chiang’s aid over the is- lands than is Dulles and some of his pro-chiang aides in the state department. and that an unoffi- cial declaration of American in— tent was as tar as the president was prepared to go.

WAIT AND SEE

And it may also be lha-I Elseir hower has. in actual fact. not yet decided whether to commit U.S fences in the defence of the is- lands. Asked about this at his last Washington press conference, the president made this significant reply: ,

“You simply can not make milv ilavry decisions until after the event reaches you." - ’

The U.S. is obligated by treaty to defend Formosa and its neigh-