| spirit of the Bill of Rights. Che Guardian Cervecs Prince Edward island Like the Dew plished every week-day morn:ng at) 165 Prince Street agen eg P.E.L., by the Thomson Company Ltd flan A. Burnett, Publisher and Genera) Manager ‘ Frank Walker, Editor Member Canadi Daily Newspap Publishers Association - Member of The Canadian Press Member Adu Bureau of Circulations @raxch offices at Summerside, Montague ana Aibertos Represented Nationally by: Thomson Newspapers : ‘Advertising Service # King Street. West, Toronto, Ont. 640 Cathcart St., Montreal 1030 West Georgia St., Vancouver By Carrier Charlottetown, Summerside 36c per week. By Mail elsewhere in P.E.I. $9.00 per annum. Other Provinces and United States $12.00 per annum. PAGE 4 MONDAY, SEPT, 8, 1958, A Bill Of Rights The introduction of a draft of _ Bill of Rights by the Prime Minister with the intention of leaving it over. + until the next session of Parliament 1 in which is certainly the best way | such a measure could have been treat- | ed. There will be opportunity for study of the measure during the next few months. and certainly, in a mat- ter of this kind it-is essential to have it given full consideration. Under our practice, as under that of:Parliament at Westminister, there is no difference in form between a constitutional Bill and normal legis- lation. There is no requirement, for instance, that a constitutional meas- ure have any more than a simple ma- . . jority in the House and in the Senate. This, coupled with the fact that pro- visions of an Act of Parliament can be repealed not only explicitly but by implication, where subsequent legis- lation is at variance with an earlier Act, makes a Bill of Rights difficult te make effective. In other words, what Parliament ean do it can undo. a This does not mean that a Bill of Rights is useless. All the great land- marks of British constitutional de- velopment are subject to amendment or repeal by simple Act of Parlia- ment, passed with no more formality than an Act respecting the Post Of- fice. Nevertheless, Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights, the Petition of Right and other declarations have exercised powerful influence on the attitude | and conduct. of legislators through - the centuries., It may well be that a Canadian Bill of Rights would similarly become -entrenched’ in Canadian political thinking and help to make future gen- erations aware of the dangers to freedom and readier to oppose any measures which would infringe the For the very reason that it must appeal to sentiment as well as cover specific cases it is important that drafting should be.of the highest’ or- der. No only legislators and lawyers should give th3ir comments on the Bill, but educators, writers and people in every category of Canadian life - should give thought to the contents - and expression of this Canadian Bill ef Rights. oe -Resistance To Slogans A psychologist attached to the gurvey research centre of the Uni: versity of Michigan has been doing , Bome research into. consumers’: re-: action to high pressure salesman- ship. His findings are interesting if not particularly surprising. The study showed that no amount ef “‘sloganising”—a fearful word meaning the exaggerated use of slogans—canh persuade people to: buy the things they think they don’t need. This, of course, applies to people in general; there are indivi- duals, plenty of them, who will buy anything from anybody, whether they need it or not and whether they. can afford it or not, High interest rates, the study showed, “disturb” the average per- son. They also have a bad effect on business generally. So do large-scale campaigns. The survey touched par- ticularly on an elaborate “buy now” campaign conducted by a group of American manufacturers last Spring. The, researeher concluded from his study that 1% million persons who were thinking seriously of buying ,some of the products covered by the slogan decided not to do so as a result of the intensive “ballyhoo”. Their reaction was just the opposite to what the sponsors intended. ; In another instance the makers of a certain’ soft drink product praised the product so loudly and with such fanfare that consumers in their thousands turned to the pro- duct of a rival company, just to be contrary. All honour to. them! The survey revealed, however, that normal advertising practices render a valuable public service. They, undoubtedly, benefit both sell- ers and prospective buyers. They aid the economy to a.great extent. Very few businesses, if any, could exist, much less flourish, without adver- tising. Incidentally, the newspaper is A New “Pill Farmers who are faced with the report’ from the Connecticut Agricul- tural Experiment Station in New Ha-|. _ station, points out in the report that tion, with gold and foreign currency still by far the most profitable medium. It is when the highpressure devotees, armed. with fatuous. slo- gans, take over that public resist- ance takes on significance—which, of course, is a sign of sane thinking on the part of the public. Senate And Commons In the only dispute in this year’s session between the Senate and the Commons, the Senate thought it wise to withdraw an amendment it had made to the Estate Tax Act]. after the lower House had passed the legislation. “The amendment in question was, apparently, not of any great import- ance. It was a minor matter which, if it had been sustained, would not have made -much difference to the intent of the Act in general. At the} same time, it would_appear that it was withdrawn in haste, members of the Senate being anxious to avoid a, prolonged argument with Comnions’ members or, more accurately, with the Cabinet. This approach may have its merits within limits. But it is one thing for a Liberal-dominated Senate to avoid conflict with a Conservative-dominated Commons on | a minor matter. It would be quite another for the Senate to submit to} the Commons on every issue on which there might be disagreement, merely to show that it does not de- sire to be regarded as an “obstruc- tionist” body. Fie 2 As long as the Senate exists, it has constitutional responsibilities which: it cannot ignore. It has just -as much right as the Commons to}: discuss legislation; and in taking a second look at bills sent to it by the lower House it is well within its rights; indeed, that is its principal function. It would be most unfor- tunate if the Senate were to develop a sense of inferiority just to keep on good terms with the ruling party and to avoid disputation, problem of wilted cabbage—reports say that it is more prevalent this year than usual—will be encouraged! by a ven. ag Dr. A.A. Diamond, director of the cabbage wilt is not the result of hot weather or prolonged rains, It is caus- ed by fungi, the same as many other plant diseases. Now, however, there| is a possibility that sick plants, like sick animals, may be cured by a pill. Anti-biotics, fungicides, growth-hor- mones and anti-growth ~ compounds are being studied as chemotherapeu- tic agents for sick plants. “By dis- covering the biochemical pathways of fungi”, Dr. Diamond says, “scientists hope to be able to introduce sustan- ces into the plant that will cure dis- ease.infecting it.” This would be an improvement over disease, prevention methods now in use. These methods must be used before the’ disease actu- ally takes hold. It is hoped that the new “pill” when one is finally available, wifl also be effective against wheat rust which | costs American and. Canadian farm- ers many millions of dollars annually. EDITORIAL NOTES It was generally expected that | Alaskans would vote to make their territory the 49th State, The sur- prising thing was that one out of every six voted to stay out. * ak * The Railways are in a quandary. They don’t feel like accepting the recommendations of the Concilia- tion Board which looked into their dispute with the unions. Nor are they anxious to have the matter re- solved by the Federal Cabinet which, in all probability, would be governed by the board’s majority report. A conciliation board should never be appointed unless both sides to a dis- pute agree in advance to accept its recommendations. What purpose does it serve otherwise? * * x * The ‘wonder nation” of our time is West Germany. Only 13 years after its total defeat in war, its industries in ruins, it is the most} powerful industrial nation in West Europe. Its manufactured products are being exported to every quarter of the globe. In shipbuilding it ranks next to Japan and the United King- dom. Financially, it ranks “next to the United States as a creditor na- reserves of $5 billion. Recently, it made a loan of $100 million to France and $50 million to Turkey. Thert is virtually no unemployment, average and that we eould look ' Also we were very proud to ‘ land’s Prime Minister, leave this when a strong tariff Government 2 ne scarcity of consumers’ goo “pared and: preplanned meeting ‘of the governments of the sister ens they should be. In fact, Mr. WE SEE THAT THE HOUSE OF COMMONS IS TO HAVE A SIMULTANEOUS TRANSLATION SYSTEM. “TRANSLATING ENGLISH AND FRENCH SHOULD BE SIMPLE BuT WHAT ABOUT THOSE CHOICE EXAMPLES OF OFFICIAL DOUBLE-TALK — Bat -s) ‘ és i, CTAXPAYER'S , MONEY sicaiaialiimaaiadl YyecarTay-Like TacTics” Vf “AM WVESTIGATION Tat ©; als MEMBERS oF YouR PARTY Vee X\ cone We HAVE APPOINTED A ; ROYAL COMMISSION. WE Don't KNOW WHAT To DO ABouT THIS ‘PROBLEM BUT WE HoPE EVERYONE WILL HAVE FORGOTTEN ABour 7 BY THe TIME Te COMMISSION REPORT Comes OUT = SURPLUS’ Cumann in ePrice) “AN OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE OF WISE AND PRUDENT - \ ADMINISTRATION * WASTE” ANY THING GE ~ THE THIRD LANGUA OTTAWA REPORT — Commonwealth Conference By Patrick Nicholson _- Special Correspondent For The Guardian , When the Commonwealth Eco- nomic Conference spens in Mon- treal next Monday, it will already have achieved fame on one score. It will be the most carefully pre- ever held between representatives nations forming. the Common- wealth. : f J PUBLIC FORUM This column is open to the | discus- “sion by corres of of interest. The Guardian s not neses- sarily endorse the opi o£ corres Beh, ‘~ pondents, ‘Sir:—Is it not insulting on the part of our present Federal Gov- ernment, failing to pay our po- tato‘farmers at least 70 cents a bushel for those few surplus spuds hey were’ unable to self from |'i6n° Gordon Churchill told ‘me. more in a tone of genuine belief | their last year’s crop, Especial. ly, Mr. Editor, when Mr. Diefen-) baker, our Prime Minister, prom- ised in the Town of Summerside, that they would pay 80. percent, as a minimum of. the five year as a support price, — i j rt send four Conservative members , to Ottawa to represent. us there. Are we as proud of this fact {o- day as we were election night. Personally I don’t think those |. men are putting up a fight for an honest deal for our farm- Potato Grower, I. would person- ally return any check offered to me less than 70 cents a bushel. Many years ago the Liberal Government paid us that much money when costs were way down compared to today. Again we may be sure Mr. Diefenbaker is going to be a friend of the Big Business now of Ontario and Quebec. Did he not, after promising more trade with England, slap an-inereased tariff on their woolens coming into Can- ada. Did not Mr. MacMillan, Eng- country “Ottawa” in disgust af- ter knowing the facts behind this hew Conservative Government, did he not also offer a free trade ‘greement with Ottawa. This is ows that is quickly forgotten is in power, Now, what of the future, Mr. Farmer? | suggest, as all other Sroups of labourers have done, fo organize for our mutual bene- ‘it; and remember, it will mean dossibly drastic measures. For istance, if your directors of -a *otato Board told’ you that only en acres of potatoes would be sold from. your erop and that you could please yourself about digging those extra acres, what | vould you do or say. One thing 7ou would acknowledge is that his sort of thing will surely mean 1 40-hour week, if nothing else. { could also mean that you would eceive as much for that ten ‘eres as you would for the twen- y or thirty. This is only a foresight or Jook into the future: of better thingis for you and me. What We need most is an organizer who wil) ut pep and faith in our own bus- less Management, and not to be oking for some Government of- “cial to look after our needs. We farmers only represent a- ‘out 30 percent of our’ popula- ‘on, so our Big Representatives ‘ont need to listen to our ar- ‘uments; that is why margarine s sold in all Canada except Que- ‘ and P.E.I. On thing, they vould take‘ notice if we leave half sur spuds in the ground and pos- “ibly one-third our hogs unsold Apart from these drastic. rules we shall always be hewers of ‘vood and carriers. of water. for ‘wo-thirds of our population. In ‘losing, organization means noth- ing short of Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes. I am Sir, etc., HARRY PRIDHAM. | mittee, oar As a result, there is justified Montrose, Months of intensive exploration, : discussion and communication, have gone into setting the stage, | oY more accurately devising the agenda, for this meeting. Here in Ottawa these preparations have been carried on at an excep- tionally high Jevel, with Trade Minister Gordon Churchill and Finance Minister Donald Flem- ing, summoning their departmen- tal officials regularly every Wed- nesday evening, after Parliament has finished its. work’ for the day, to meetings of the special Commonwealth Conference Com- confidence that talks will _pro- duce very successful steps to- wards’ boosting trade betwe members of the Commonwealth. “The collective wisdom of the Conference will produce som e- thing worthwhile. and substantial, than of mere pious hope. In 1932, a Conservative Govern- | ment in Ottawa invited represen’ tatives of Commonwealth coun- tires to a trade conference here. That meeting produced the bene- fiscial and still observed prefer- ential system of tariffs. This year, the drive to increase ‘ trading relations within the Com- moniwealth will have a much wid- er framework. TIMES HAVE CHANGED “There are today more means of facilitating trade than there used to be, and there is now a wider diversification of Common- wealth tnading interests than there were in 1932,’ a senior official working on the Conifer- ence plans told me. f Canada’s main emphasis. will continue to be a determined at- tempt to spread our trade over a wider and hence a safer base. At present we buy too much from the States, and we' rely too -heav- ily on the States as a market ‘for our exports. Americans will ‘buy from us when jt suits them: It will never, in the foreseeable future; — suit them to buy such primary com- modities as our wheat and our fish. They don’t buy our cheese and our salmon. They are taking positive steps to exclude our soil and certain metals. But there, are other countries in the world who would buy our surplus “production of these it- ‘ems tomorrow—if they had the dollars to pay for them. In other words, if we were to buy some of our import require- ments from some of those woudd- be buyers of our unsold surplus- es, we would at once open up a market for ourselves by spend- ing our dollars with them. This is presumably what Prime Minister John Diefenbaker has always meant by his objective of reducing our imports from ‘the States, and placing those import orders elsewhere. THE HEN OR THE EGG? The Liberals have attacked the Prime Minister for what they as- sert is a wrong-thinking policy -of trade ‘‘diversion’’;: we should expand our trade, not divert it, | the say. But how? Everyone would like to expand exports, but one must have money to buy. |}. An essential prior step, if we wish to expand our exports to the soft ‘currency countires, which means the Commonwealth and most of the western world and the free world, is to buy from thos coun- tires first. And cah we afford to expand our imports from other -countires? No, we must change our buying habits, or ‘‘divert’’ “One obvious example being talk- {| ed about here is our heavy im- portation of citrus fruits. We buy these now from California and Florida. And what do Cali- 2 | forriia.and Florida buy from us? Wheat? Apples? Fish? Cheese? ‘But if the West Indies were en- couraged to develop their citrus production to meet our needs, we could buy a great part of our oranges and grapefruit and lem- ons from them, and pay. them ‘good Canadian dollars too. They woutld then be able to afford to buy from us, using those same dollars, wheat and fish and other items which they badly’ need. In these days of import quotas and tariffs and a convertible cur- rency,. international trade is a very complicated. matter. But if our representatives can fight their way through the international red tape at next week’s confer ence, our trade pattern may em- erge,a year or two from now, in a very much healthier shape than today. Two ~ By GEORGE KITCHEN Canadian Press Staff Writer . The United States has: adopted two standards of policy on the Nationalist-held islands of Matsu and Quemoy off the Red China coast. ! One is official and a matier of government record; the other is unofficial and can be abandoned if expedient, to do so. The first was ‘set out in the statement State Secretary Dulles -issued Thursday after his confer- at Eisenhower’s vacation ‘head- quartrs at Newport, R.1, \ The statement was an if-and- or-but sort of document which shed no light on what the US. will do if the Red Chinese aitiack the two Nationalist islands, which lie a few miles off the China mainland, Tt said the president has not yet made-any finding that U.S. forces are needed in the defence of Formosa, the Chiang Kai-shek island stronghold that lies an- other 100 miles out to sea. Be- yond that, though it ran 900 words, the statement added noth- ing to what U.S. officials already have said about the Far East crisis, The secand standard of policy was enunciated by a government official who then interpreted that statement for reporters, This anonymous official, who ranks high in the councils of U.S. gov- ernment, went far beyond the of- ficial statement in indicating that Eisenhower has, in fact, decided to use American fighting men if necessary to keep the islands out of Red Chinese hands. It is extremely unlikely that the U.S. Far East Policies By George Kitchen, Canadian Press _ sees would, or could, air stich views without Eisenhower's prior know- ledge. TWO FACES There are several theories about the administnation’s reason- ing in putting two faces on its China poliey, > . One is that Bisenhower wanted to give the Red Chinese a sharp warning as to American, reaction to any offshore attack while at the same time giving himself an escape hatch if one jis needed. A declaration of American intent to defend Matsu and Quemoy, if in- cluded in an official documeni, would commit the U.S. to a course of action from which it ment by an anonymous official, no matter how thigh, does not’ commit the government, and can be denied or forgotten if the need arises. Another theory is that Eisen- hower is less anxious or willing to go to Chiang’s aid over the is- lands than is Dulles and some of his pro-chiang aides in the state department, and that an unofti- cial declaration of American in- tent was as far as the president was prepared to go. WAIT AND SEE And it may also be that Kisen- hower has, in actual fact, not yet decided whether to commit U.S forces in the defence of the is- lands, Asked about this at his last Washington press conference, the president made this significant reply: : “You simply can not make mil- itary decisions until after the event reaches you.” . : The U:S. is obligated by treaty to defend Formosa iand its neigh- anonymous administration official | boring Pescadores Isbands. Under \ Here’s Average Uleer Victim By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D. ARE YOU a candidate for. an ulcer? he i It has been estimate iat be- tween 10 and 12 per cent: of Aim- ericans will suffer from peptic ulcer sometime during their lives. Are you likely to be one of them? Well, we can’t say for sure, of course, since we don’t even know the exact cause of stomach ul- cers, But we can call upon sta- tistics to give us a pretty good description of the average ul- eer victim. ‘ ‘For example, we know thal an ulcer patient pretty: generally is a lean person in contrast to the He is tense,- aggressive, am- bitious, anxious to get somewhere, in this business world of, ours. And there is a fairly good chance that some other member of his | family has or had an ulcer. We know there is a tendency for many members of some famil- jes to be stricken with ulcers. WHAT IS AN ULCER? A peptic ulcer is a small break in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. It is the result of the destruction of the underlying tissue by the digestive action of acid gastric juice. The actual size of the break ‘will range from a quarter of an inch to an inch, but from the | pain it can cause, you might think it was a mile wide. In | ehronie cases patients might com- Plain of pain’ for up to seven years. For some reason, attacks ef pain generally are more preva- lent in the spring and the fall. WHEN IT HURTS © We are pretty certain. that pain is caused when the stomach acid relieve the pain either by neu- tralizing the acid or by emptying the stomach. Worry and fatigue tend to pro- duce recurrences of pain. So do acute infections. Almost always the pain pro- duced by stomach ulcers can’ be relieved by eating. Your doctor, of course, will place you on a spe- Cial diet with a lot of milk and cream. He will prohibit highly of tobacco and alcohol. He also has antacid powders. : and pastes at his disposal to tralize the stomach acidity and, ; if necessary, he can cure the ul- cer with surgery. py UESTION AND ANSWER R.W,: Should a baby just home from the hospital have his erib Mattress raised at the head? Answer: Usually, the baby’s bed should be level. However. when the baby has a cold, it is advan- tageous to lower the head. of the bed in order that infected secretions can drain out of the nose and throat easily, OUR YESTERDAYS | (From The Guardian Files) (Fom the Guadian Files) TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO : (Sept, 8, 1933)” Fire which broke out this morn- ing totally destroyed the gireen- house, small barn and partially damaged the large barn of Mr. Von Clure Gay, Upper Street, causing an estimate Joss of $3,000. Several cars in the barn were saved, but the horses, as far as could be learned, were burned with the building. The fire is believed to have origina- ted in the barn, quickly spread- ing gfe the adjoining buildings. A very‘ successful school fair Was conducted at Tracadie Cross yesterday under +the direction of Mr. Howard Court. There was a good attendance and excellent exhibits of grain, vegetables, live- stock, poultry and homework. The exhibits. were judged by Mf, W.L. Brenton, Provincial Dairy Superintendent, and Miss Jean Rodd, TEN YEARS AGO _ (Sept 8, 1948) Unveiling of ‘a monument in honour of Lucy Maude Montgotn- ery famed Island-born author and creator of the Anne of Green Gab- les stories together with two. in- | vestitutes will take place in front of Green Gables Club House at Cavendish next Sunday afternoon, Justice Thane A, Campbell. will deliver an address on her life. Work on the construction of a new Bank of Nova Scotia building for Summerside started yester- day when employees of MF. Schurman Co. Ltd., who have the contract, began tearing down the foundation of the building which had previously been on the site, The new building is being eree- ted just west of the present buitd- ing on Water Street, . MAXIMS We wouldn’t have se many de- linquents if their mothers hugged them and kissed them, and when necessary. spaked them ..A, _ child who knows that he is loved ean accept discipline, even the woodshed type, a special resolution adopted. in 1955, “Congress left’ it up ‘to the president to decide whether any attack of Quemoy and Matsu was mosa and therefore should be met the start of an assault on For- mosa and therefore should be met by U.S. military and naval power, -eéssion, and plainly justified by reaches the ulcer because we can*} Seasoned foods and ban the use |-As the swallow breasting the: it was learned yesterday. Chief | NOTES BY THE WA\ Some people asked why the A U.S. Navy used a “blimp” for exploration ‘of the Canadian Are- ic—and back came: the answer a it was more efficient to make a survey of Polar bears, musk- oxen, seals and walrus. Can't do that in a jet!—Ottawa Journal Canada, having dispensed with almost. all her merchant marine could make a new start by de- veloping nuclear-powered tnder- water freighters fo carry her ” commence under the Northern | ice from ports along the Arctic rim.—Ottawa Journal Daily newspapers in the Uni- ted States are making heavy out- lays to expand their plants and | buy new equipment. A demon- stration of confidence and good economic health, despite the re- future prospects. -Cape . Montreal is the only major Can- adian City that contains - parks and beaches within the heart of the business area. These facili- ties do not imply that Montreal. | ers are softer, or move about less purgosefully, than residents of. other cities. If that were so, Mon- treal could not have become Can- ada’s largest city. Thes facili- ties ‘ simply mean that Mon- trealers have sense enough to sit down when thei feet ache.—Ot- While scientists still argue a- bout the damaging after-effects of. A-bomb blasts on the human frame, a good place to look for evidence is surely Hiroshima. The first nuclear weapon used in war | fell on that Japanese city in Aug. | 1945. Thirteen years later Dr. Sasuma Watanabe, dean of the | medical school at Hiroshima Un- iversity, reports that leukemia or plood cancer is twice as preval- ent in Hiroshima as in the rest of Japan. Strontium 90, the dan-| gerous element in fallout, causes| leukemia.—Financial Post Look, look—a bird, a swallow At speed too instant for the eye |p _ to follow, no i : Etehes on morning light i Its multitudinous arabesques of | § hollow thunder, i nes Still it eludes our stare | fields of air. Ah for the strong spelendour — » able of surrender! = Ah to float free slopes of eternity! — f i AUDREY ALEXANDRA BROWN The Age Old Story Wherefore let him that think- eth he standeth take heed lest he fall. : : : TURKISH PRODUCE Tobacco, cotton, grain, figs and silk are major items of Turkish agriculture. ed i Fire - Auto - Casualty Marine — G. G. K. PEAK 98 Great George St. Dial 4311 Charlottetown | PRE - FALL SALE OUTSTANDING VALUES MEN'S WEAR DEPARTMENT IF YOUR GUARDIAN a.m. to 9:00 a.m. if missed, IS LATE... OR MISSEI DIAL 6561 and a paper will be delivered right to your Special delivery service available betweet your paper is late — EPIDEMIC HITS KOREA SEOUL, Korea (AP) — Sleep ing sickness — encephalitis—has killed 1,087 Koreans, mostly chil- dren, out of 4,911 patients, South Korean health officials said Fri- day. The total includes 68 dead and 310 new cases since Thurs- day. The newspaper Yunhap Shin- mun said the government’s ‘‘half- hearted” mosquito killing drive is largely responsible for the epi- demic. The mosquito is believed fo carry the sleeping - sickness virus. “ \ DIAL 6561 173 Great George St. serve — the goal for which we strive!” For the Fastest Service in Town, Call ED'S TAX] Ed’s Slogan: ‘To maintain the goodwilt of th’ hort