i6LY 11. 1936 <3‘: 1'1-IE CHARLOT'l‘E‘I‘OWN GUARDIAN, "FOR FARMERS’ STOCK BREEDERS. AND DENERS I -r_ ' X . so-4 llanadian Poultry on British Market Under the headinz "Canadian nu-keys and Chickens." the Fish rrades Gazette (London. England) ll May 9. 1986, says. with reference to the arrivs_.l of a shipment that week, Canadian turkeys are show- ing up perhaps rather late in the season. although ever ‘since the the Christmas trade there have been here and there large turkeys that could be b;ught if asked for. This week. however. a shipment has arrived which contains several 58595 of hens weighing from 6 lb. to alb. and l0l.b. There should be no difficulty in disposing of these birds as they are of a size that my shopkeeper could use. They are eminently suitable for the family trade, whereas the larger ones, which weigh from 16 lb. to la lb. :an only be used at this time of the year by hotels. or for the ship- ping trade, Canadian chickens too are more plentiful now than they were a few months ago. why these shipments shzuld have been held up for so long is difficult to understand. There are 3 good many chickens on the mar- ket just now. but at prices that will suit the pocket of a good many tradesmen who can use a frozen :hieken. One item in favour of the Canadian chicken is the quality. nlth-ugh most of what I have seen are grade B selected. They are young and a very good colour. Here and there a box will be found not qllill.‘ up to the standard. but taking the pack as a whole they are very good. Now. with regard to the future of the Canadian chicken. :liors-, is and always will be a good rade in this country, providing that the merchants in Canada can produce a bird that can be sold cheaper than English and at a season when tl‘\~ English chickens are scarce. or not plentiful. The general opinion is that February. March and April are the best months for cold storage birds. and there is no reason why Canadian ahiekens should not take the place rf all other imported birds. Listing Seed For Germination Quality of seed includes ability to grow, freedtm from the seeds of weeds and of other cultivated plants and from chaff. dirt, and disease. Uniformity in size and colour are also considered under quality. No matter how pure and clean seed may be. it has no value unless it is able to produce healthy ncrmal plants. This can be determined only by means of ger- mination tests, and for this purpose the seed testing laboratories of the Seed Branch, Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture, have been es- tablished. Not only do these labor- atories furnish data for the en- forcement of the‘seeds Act but they give information to farmers and gardeners regarding the quality of the seed which they wish to grow. To make germination tests is not always an easy matter. While the testing of really high-quality fully- matured seed does not as a rule present much difficulty, there are many exceptions to the rule. Seeds are living organisms. cinsequently the analyst is never quite sure how any particular lot will behave during a. germination test. Many seeds which show signs of life are not capable of producing plants under field conditions and are therefore considered to be w:rth- less. Clover seedlzngs often have broken seed leaves. split and water- soaked rcots and other abnormali- ties which prevcnt the plants de- veloping. Such seedlings are not in- rluded in the germination re<u“.s How to Combat Gafli Insects Garden plants are liable to at- tack by many kinds of destructive insects .Some of these destroy the foliage others the flowers while others bore into the stems and even into the roots. injurious in- sects may be divided roughly into two classes by the nature of their mouthpieccs. namely, (1) biting insects which bite and chew their food. such a cutwomis and other caterpillars. and leaf-eating beet- les, and (2) sucking insects which suck up their food by means of their beaks. such as aphids. the true bugs. and the scale insects If the insect is one with biting mouthparts. a stomach poison such 35 P9-P15 green. or arsenate of lead. sect has sucking mouthparu, such Doisons would be useless because the insect would insert its beak through the poison and reach I safe feeding place beneath. For sucking insects, therefore. contact insecticides are usually recom- mended. those commonly used be- in kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap. and preparations containing tobacco. A kerosene (coal oil) emulsion is made as follows—Use two gallons of kerosene. one gallon of rain water. and a half pound of soap. Heat the water. out the soap into fine stirring until all is dissolved. Then and churn the whole it cools thickens into a jelly-like mass. The stock solution when pro- perly made will keep for months if air is excluded when required for use. the solution diluted with nine times its mea- sure of warm water kerosene solution is required ture is recommended. one quart; flour. kerosene. eight ounces: and kerosene together. then‘ tho water and churn minutes It should be used at once. Whale oil or fish soap is used ex- ornamental one pound to six gallons of water Witli regard to tobacco per cent nicotine sulphate and drugstores. and should used as dire:led. Farm is Ideal Division . Farm. Agriculture. Central Experiments The farm is by official analysis. Delayed germination or dor- mancy occurs (i'eqiienii_v in many kinds of seed. This ‘I‘llIlS that mods will not germinate during the period required norm . inexperi- onced persons wou consider that such seeds were d .d. However. the analysts have found that dormant seeds are capable / "urination in time and are the‘ ‘rod seeds. Dormancy causes I deal cl trouble in the officlr. miory. 95- pecially in some SL‘l\.\‘3l‘.< when seed is sent, to the laboratories soon after harvmt. This is especially true of cereals harvested in wet weather. -The temporary inability of seed ti gerrnlnnie generally dis- appears if the seed is stored pro- nerly. Unfortunately there is nothinll in the apeparance of seed to indicate that it is going through this of dormancy. A sample of seed may be sent in to the laboratory by a farmer szon after harvest for test. percentage germination < at that time may be low. Later an- other sample may be sent in and the results may be very much higher so that the farmer naturally thinks that there is something wrong with the methods used for making tests in the government submitting samples for testing should remem- ber that the seed analyst can re- The lainratories. Persons Port on the need only as he finds it Dormancy torso and of cereals in Alberta. has boa-an t...“ ''''‘''‘:i Condo-. yodlgofvoldl mom: LINIMENT period in the cereals. timothy and the reeds of some other crops WI-S common during the autumn of 1935. This was partculariv true of Hm-thy harvested in eastern on- [‘llNARD'$‘ small investment and is always greater than the supply. The origin of the various breeds of geese is identified with many countries. the most importan breeds being the 'I‘;ulouse, Embden. Wild. and the Eizypiian. The last named are kept for ornamental purposes cnlv'nre are usually found in parks and public gardens. The Toulouse gzove originated in France, and the called African. Chinese, Canada Embden goose. smetimes the Bremen. had ils origin in Cen tral Europe. The African goose is a cross between the Chinese and the Toulouse. and them are two varie the brown. more difficult than in any othe signs are not in i'.l‘l’\'1\1 We“ de . K . 11::-3:: Sifl":il(1J]\lil(’i‘fe:lt3:'al§l‘(‘lo;tleX‘l1t1y‘c0l‘git: *7’ P““'W°°‘“”‘d- 5°““""m‘°‘ Wm‘ and feet. Coarse females are in legs frequently mistaken for males. s of a male. Females of fine make-up may be ml5Wl9 pocially true of the the lfmhden breeds. The most picking out breeding voice. If the birds in nucsilcll repented out of sight 0' ill" but within which could be termed me-= ml male sex cannot be ascertained by a d1 tinct difference in voice, the hi should not be used as 11 mpkotin of me is contninrd the circu.!ar 051 Goose Rabin!!- minian Departmerf. of Agricultu Ottawa. is usually applicable. but if the in- ‘ shaving and add them to the water. pour this mixture into the kerosene violently with a syringe or force pump for about five minutes. or until a thick creamy emulsion is produced This makes the stock solution which as should be .When only a small quantity of for immediate use. the following mix- water. two gallons. Stir the flour add briskly for tenslvoly for aphids and such like insects. but its unpleasant odour is objectionable to many lovers of plants. For brown or black aphids it should be used in the strength of one pound to four gallons of warm water: for green arphids or thrips. in the strength of extracts trade preparations containing 40 are sold by most seedsmen. hardware i be for Goose Raising Goose raising (‘lies not receive the attenti:n of the farming com- munity that the business warrant . .. sums A. G ‘Taylor of the PW“ 1; United States D.partment of Agri- Domlnion Department cf the natural habitat of the goose. in fact no other surmundings can make goose raising for market a paying Proposition. The two great essen- “315 in 800545 raising are. first. free range and second an abundance cf green food. On the farm these as- sentials are always plentiful. and the raising of a flock of geese is one means by which the farmer can reap a good reward with a. very campara- tively liitlc labour. on the Christ- mas markets. the demand for geese ties of Chinese geese. the white and Distinguishing the sex in geese is C135,; 01 fowl. outward or visible fined. as in liens turkeys for In “me 95'” °f "'9 Ummd example. Masculinity in geese is 53$; fifigfileuguligéha usually evidenced by stout bill, - that masculine appearance is not always a sure guide in the selection usually present a feminine appearance. but 8 "1810 for n. female. particularly rlurins the fall or early winter. This is es- 'I‘oul:use and satisfactory method Of geese is by the flock hearing distance. iLs call is distinctive. The male has a voice of I long single call. whi‘e the it‘- of a much higher HIV-' “ml usually of a doub'e echo. where ih(' breeder. in- formation as to the various breeds and thrrui-ing, management. and ihe eastern form. but be rbtalned by reouest to the Pub- licity and !'xt~r.='«n l?rnr~'i U‘- THEBUBK00 (Natural History note: contributed by the Jack Miner mane) This week we write of the cuckoo. The cuclczo occurs rather rarely on P. E. I. but once in a while in the month of June or July you may hear him in the orchard. He is a bird, once you find him. which is rather difficult. you will have little trouble in observing again as he is rather tame. we quote an article by Gilbert Pearson on the yellow- biiled cuckoo. Although it is mcst likely the black-billed that you meet with on this Island. of all the tales told of European birds, the one relating to the nest- ing-habits of the Cuckoo must re- flect the least credit on the accused. In the spring, when the nesting- time for birds arrives. it does not build a heat for itself, but quieitiy steals away and dep:sits its eggs secretly one at a time, in the nests of other birds. There the eggs are incubated and the young are rear- ed by foster parents. While the Cuckoo thus saves itself the labor of bu ding a nest. and the anxiety of ca ing for in young. it suffers from an unpleasant notoriety pos- sessed by few other birds. In this country the black Ciwbird has the same parasiiic habit. Nest and Eggs our Yellow-billed Cuckoo has learned the‘ art 'of nest-building lb‘-It poorly, the cradle in which the iyoung are reared being little more than a mere platform of twigs. In- deed. so thin and frail a structure -is it that often the eggs may be counted through the nut from be- neath. It is usually placed on the sheltered limb of a tree or among thick vines in hedge-rows growing along streams, and in orchards or groves. The eggs are nearly an inch and a quarter long. and about three-fourths as wide. They number from two to four, and in colzr are greenish-blue. Many birds lay their eggs, one each day, with great regularity, until the full number has been reached. The Cuckoo. however, often allows a few days to pass after she begins sitting on some of the eggs before the others are deposited. Thus a young bird. an incubated egg. and a freshly laid egg are sometimes found in the same nest. Am-:ng the branches of our fruit- noti trees we may sometimes see large webs which have been made by tent-caterpillars. An invading host . appears to have come and pitched its tents among the boughs on all sides. These caterpillars are des- tructive to trees. and the Cuckoos do us a great service by coming often to raid the encampment. ‘They pull the little hairy intruders ‘out of their tents by hundreds and eat them. so many are eaten by these birds that often their st:machs are found to be thickly coated with a layer of caterpillar- linirs. Cuckoos also eat grass- hoppers and various kinds of flies. Great Utility The Biological survey of the culture has, for many years, been 1 studying the feeding-habits of wild birds. with the object of determin- ing their relationship to mankind. Dr. F. E. L. Beal. cf this Bureau. in his paper on the relation of Cuokoos to agriculture. says: “The insect-food of Cuckoos con- sists of beetles. grasshoppers. cicadas. bugs, ants, wasps, flies, caterpillars, and zpiders. of which grasshoppers and caterpillars con- stitute more than three-fsurths. In 129 stomachs examined. 2.711 cater- pillars were found, or an average of 21 hr each. In May and June. when tent-caterpillars are defoliating fruit-trees, these lnascts constitute half of the Cuckoo's food. one stomach was so full that the bird t had evidently devoured the whole tent-colony, as there were several hundred in the st/:mach. This diet of hairy caterpillars has a curious effect on the bird's stomach, the lining of which is often pierced by so many hairs as to be completely fur-red. the membrane itself being almost entirely concealed. It seems hardly possible to overestimate the value of the Cuckoo's work. All caterpillars are harmful. many of them are pests. and any of them are likely to become so. The com- mon tent-caterpillar formerly fed on the wild cherry. but has now , turned its attention principally to apple-trees, sometimes completely . defoliating them." ad the soil is of sand. Large tracts no other kinds of trees growinx 0 near. ocoupy much of the aplrsely settled land. In these pine-forests the cuckoo: are seldzm seen; and in such regions. if we wish to find them. we must search by the lakes fl among the shade-tress -of a town. classification and Distribution to the order is the subfamily is The bird occurs ‘in :_ in \'(\‘|'_v similar; it is fo ‘-5 iii the Rocky Moutn mo Pacific Coast from and along the strearns where other kindsoft.rsenarogrowin¢.orelae The Yellow-biliodouokoo belongs Ooouyju. the Bub- order Oucuii. the nmiiy Ououlidae. _ Oooayuinao and the Genus Ooccyxus. Ito coiontifh name is coccyrus amotiumll Imoricgnus. , summer throughout the eastern and central United states from Iouthlrn Gon- na; to northern rlorida and mull- iana. It passes the winter in louth "l ' America. There is L Dub-UPOOIII. tn! Caiifomia Cutkto G: 5. occident- nnsy which is I link larger than herwin in summer and on British "“',l;ll"ili\ s uihward to the Mexi- our ab tlori of native tions. and it only In-ah Y“ _-an platcaii. in ICU ASTRDNOMICAL The plants sent in for fall roughly into three classes. In- formation is often taught the edibiiity of wild fruits; noxious weeds are greatly in evidence; and grasses come in for a share of at- tention as being one of the most important groups of plants. We are not to‘d whether there is 3 "botanic garden" of wild plants at Ottawa; but I have a catalogue. made many years ago. and now out of print. which told of many Eur- opean as well as Canadian. plants growing in the borders there. Some. in the interval since 1908. will sure- ly have died out, but just as sure- ly a number of their descendants are adding to the interest of my own garden in the year 1036i Not long ago I told my of the "artificial hill“ in the park at Sunderland. in Durham County. The "Park-Keeper" as they called the man in charge of the muni- cipal park more had laid out a. lit- tle botanical garden in one corner of his domain. It was It series of long. narrow, paral‘el plots, divided from each other by turf walks; and filled with local plants arranged in their Natural Orders. For all it was limited to the plants of the lime- stone district, it was very useful as a. source (c "fresh material" for teachers of botany in the schools; and on the occasion of holiday vis- _ “S .4, me Pu;-k. 1 found that gm relation?" I said to an acquaint- little garden was well by the scholastic profession. large family; are dlbvomd all or There are 760 species in North Am- erica. They are medium or small- sined beetles. often of metallic hues. wmlg some are dull brown or black. They feed sometimes onus is known rod (ye walshiana is believed to feed on plum-louver. A pretty little blue and red beetle feeds on knoigrass. It in the Gutroidea polygoni. I name which means “pot-bellied." an apt description. Trirhabda unad- enlia is ‘stifled beetle. feedin In Aug. ll aunusvivorzs Dr. Richardson. of the Mount Wilson observatory. 1’3!adena, tells me that there have been maculae (sunspots) on the surface of the sun every day for about a your past. At tlnics they are been remarked in se Notes, we are close to maximum sunspot year, when (according to the astronom- ers) we may expect more rainfall in coastal districts. and a condi- tion of drought in inland regions. This seems to be exemplified in ‘ ‘ rainfall during the Dust few rnoniahs. and in the arid condition of the northvweawrn Unit- ed Stllal. Olnervers must hnve ‘ the unusual cloud evifectn such periods bring us: “Wiid-look- ing skin," as one says. And now and then we have electric gtorms and aurorac, trace- able to these disturbances of the sun. An earthquake was registered in} the Dominion Observatory on June} 30th, at 12.18 p.m., A.D.'I‘. Its epi-. centre was 4.850 miles from Ot- WWC: probably in Kamchatka. sib- eria. On my calendar I had mark- ed that the moon would be in the neighborhood (visually) of Jupiter on July lot": that is, both bodies would be exerting force from the one direction. was the earthquake a response to that strain‘! I believe it was. But no earthquake would have taken place unless a state of tension had been induced in the earth's crust by om. er factors not yet clearly known. Hence not every planetary conjunc- tion is accompanied by an earth- quake. Thig has made many per. was skeptical about ship between the two. A GREAT HEBBARIUM A communication from Mr. E. W. Hart. Botanist, of Ottawa, gives considerable information about the activities of the Division of Botany there. To facilitate the identifica- Canadian plants (which come in from every part of the Dominion) there have been gathered together speclme some SOME INSECTS OF P. E. ISLAND The ‘June Bugs" (bachnosierna) are very difficult to name: specimen collected was said to be L. anxia. There are nearly 100 spe- cies of June Bugs in the U.S.A., there is more than one species here. Another division of “I.ong-hom- ed wood-boring Beetles includes aaemurn moeatum, Crlncephalus ag- rostin. C. obsoletus. cauidium an- teniutuin, lcptura clnldensls. and L. niutabilb. - The "naaf Beetles" are a about 18.000 species or the world. 15 pi-obaiie that on foliage, llow-weed) and 0. and Sept. . beetles feeding on the leaves in the elder swamp: they were Hnltioa ins.“ bimarglnata. They had decreased (mo¢eoiesof"DIrklirignoetls." the NOTES ntiful. As his correspondent I. gravitational the relation- 15.000 . collected main- ly by members of the staff. though some have been selected from the hundreds of plants sent in to be named. The present writer sent in two plants from the Island (an Evening Primrose, Oenothera cruc- iata. and the wood Groundsel. sen- ecio sylvatlcus) which found a place in the herbarium. The collection is accessible to the public and as a result of visits by teachers and oth- ers. small herbariums have established in many other institu- been naming asto readers patronized but a very and are very destructive. Lep‘.in- otarn. deceinlineah is the Colorado gonzo Beetle; our "Potato Bug."- it is not a Bus. ouilisnpha el- to food on Golden- rhoda another Ytllow-and-black g on Goldenrod. _l9I‘l. there undreds of small blue-bind: marked ('I‘enebr2o molitor) was brought in. because it was I. nuisance in some imrehouse or other. The larvae of this beetle are the “meal- worms" sometimes bred as food for song birds. The last on my list is Macrobasis unioolor, one of the “blister beet- It has been found damaging the leaves of the Broad Beans. but not in sufficient quantity to do much harm. This is one of the beetles possessing a peculiar prin. ciple, cantharadln, which 11 ex- iracted and applied to human skin. will raise a blister. - This brings to a close the list of beetes, authentically named. which I have found on P. E. Island. The collection contains many others which for various reasons have not been specilically determined. There is a rich field awaiting the young student who “has a go" at am- Coleoptera. onus arm ‘rm-ns A blue flower for name: I have Just received a. few --spflgsw 0; 3 Very Pretty deep-blue flower. whose characteristics sent, me hunting in the Order Boragineae for its name. It was not long till it was reveal- ed as Anchusa. itailca; but this was the Elorlfied form known as the Dropmore variety, so that the name comprises the four words: and it llliy be remarked at this point that Anchusa is pronounced on- koo-sa. There are several other varieties of A. italiea, one of which “Pride of Dover" is sky—.b1ue, An are worthy of a place in the gar- den. but_ require a very rich son to give 0. their best. Anchusas may be propagated by division in Fall 01' SPFUIB. Or by cuttings of the thong-like roots in spring. Thege root cuttings are pieces as big as °n€'5 little finger. lust covered with sandy soil in a box. and placed in a sheltered place outdoors. The danger is in allowing the cuttings to become dryi The p‘ant read. lly springs from seed too. There is "0 P°x>uiar name for this perennial. w°°d' llllore: I was in town last week—most unusuai—and as I was _hurried along I made a little weed Survey. Seems to me that the dais- ies are very abundant this year, perhaps the wet weather suits them, The daisy is an [Inported weed which has found conditions here specially favorable: in England we had it too. and the children used to make “bouquets of the "moon- dalsies," that perhaps yielded only o. dozen blooms to a field. Worse than the daisy is the yellow "King Devil" (probably I-lieraclum pra- ‘.en£e); it spreads by vigorous run- ners. and although it is customary for the farmer to console himself for the daisy by declaring that the daisy is “good feed.’ nobody has a, good name for its yellow Compan- 10!]. Every now and then we pass- ed little patches of red “Devil's Paint-brush," (another X-lieracium.) growing by the road;ides, and pre- Dflring to invade the fields. All three plants form basal ros- ettes of leaves. which crowd out the grasses. A field of daisy. when mow- ed. gives an asicnishingy small cut of "hay." because a single head of daisy has been occupying the space which should have produced at lea;t. three, and perhaps four. heads of timothy. This state of things can be remedied. if one will take the trouiblel A most interest- ing series of rotations was com- menced in 1912 at the Experimental station at Charlottetown. for the purpose of controlling daisy and other weeds: and it was discontin- ued in l920 because the weeds were so few that a, litile "hand-picking” easily disposed of the remainder. A neighbor has cut his first field to- day, July 6th: he will have better hay, and he certainly is going the right way to prevent the daisy re- seeding his fie’d. The o‘.d English farmers used to say “One year's seeding makes seven years‘ weed- my Kiih and Kim “Is Mr. -—- any anoe. "Yes." he said, "His grand- ‘father and mine were brothers." , That makes Mr. ————- my acquaint- ance‘s “second cousin." Did you lever try your hand at constructig a “Consaquinity To/hie?" Here is how. Rule off a sheet of paper in squares like a draught board: the sides of the squares about an inch. Write the word "Self" in one of the squares about halfway up on the right, write “Brothers and sis- tions, it you include "Self." Now write. in the square "Brothers." the words and nieoes;" in the to go in that direction!) square below that is sometimes called G rman." (The latter t’t‘e no mean Teutonic. but comes 1M|n—"|e1lnAnus" standards for Dairy Industry Act Amendments ‘nu rqulations umier the Daily Industry Act of omaa have been revised and renumbered and the revised regulations are now in ef- fect. Tha important changes are as follows:— Ponnerly packages containing butter wore required to bear the registered number of the factory of origin unless the package contain- ed print butter put up under the HAVING NOW IN T''' D. H. FORKS STEEL TRACK HANG H brand of trade mark of L whole- sale or retail dealer who was not Under several are legalized. Creamery or whey butm. cut as described in section 6. Sub- section (3) of the Act if contained in a wrapper or carton. must bear on the wrapper or carton the name and address of the manufacturer. cuttar, or jobber, or the name and address or the registered number of the creamery or origin. brand or trade mark of the whole- sale or retail dealer- othar important changes in the regulation are in connection with grades of butter. Provision is made whereby butter containing more than two per cent of salt will be placed in second grade. unlus the butter is destined for a purchaser who requeests over two per cent of salt. certificates issued for butter con- taining more than two per cent of salt must bear the following nota- a muiufbcturer of butter. the new regulations, methods of identification or the First grade Control of Insects In Flower Garden From early my until the mid- dle of August, ornamental plants in gardens are subject to attack by insects. R. P. Gorham, Dominion} Laboratory at Fredericton, NB.,( told the Fredericton Horticultural‘ Society recently. Beginning with cut/worms in the first really warm evenings in May. here is a more or less regular suoce sion ct‘ plant- pests which takes their toll of iiiel plants grown by gardeners. both‘, tion—"As butter for which this amateur and professional. only a certificate is issued contains more few of these insects completely de- than two per cent salt and is re’- trade re- per cent to worry the plant and flower lover‘ has presented as being for a quirlng more than two salt. a first grade certificate stiroy the plants but there are a' number which cause enough injury‘ and dampen the ardour and mar been issued. This certificate is not the }()y of gardening. Therefore the valid for sale of the butter either eirport or domestic except to a purchaser a salt. content of more per cent." H:retbfore, the showing of dates of manufacture on packages con- optional of the garden pests to attract at- for domestic trade but compulsory revised cutworms, the caterpillars a‘ night. all packages containing flying moths. and each species has for grading must distinct habits and food preferen- me manufacture ces. some pass the winter as near- of the butter. copies of the com- plete text of the regulations in talning butter has been for export . Under the regulations. butter submitted bear the date of be obtained upon application the Dairy and Cold Storage Com- misioner, Dominion Department Agriculture. Ottawa of the same stock.)) Below this 1° for trade frequent visits of the gardener to requesting detect the indications oi insect dam- than two age at the earliest possib‘e moment pressing need of every garden is, and to direct the immediate appli- cation of control measures. Cutworms are generally the first terition. There are many spccies'of iy full—grown caterpillars and at- ay tack the plants in the perennial to border in the early spring. In the Fredericton district. the foliage of of not so well known although grown r many years by some gardeners. Thu plant botanically is Tetra- again comes “Half Cousins." and ( mm under that “Quarter Cousins." Here §€x:.;&:1’,(,g wn"tsm:xg;‘ns' ‘vseahfifig fig again we may pause. Uncles." comes Cousins." And lastly under Third Cousins" sisters. first. second. and stop here. but my own Table carried out to “Fifth Cousins." such a table will be of ridge. And the working out of ing point. Fresh “Greens” has passed. another vegetable OUT OUR WAY the left-hand side. Next square. fol ters." Across the two squares above, write “Pareni£," and in the square to the right of that. write in “Une- les and Aunts" (one square.) Above the three squares ("Parents and uncles") fill in “Grand Parents"- occupyirig three spaces; and write.‘ to the right, “Grand Uncles and Aunts" (one square.) Grand unc- les, it may be remarked. are often called Great ll’nc‘es.Weneednot.I think. go further back than "Great Grand Parents" which occupies all the squares above "Grand Parents" and "Grand Uricles"—t.hat is. four squares. The square to the right is "Great Grand Uncles." Now you have your direct ancestry. with their brothers and li5iers—four genera- below lsmww‘ | square below, that "Grand Ncphews," and below that "Great Grand nephews." (Andi that‘: about as for or we're likely‘ i Then turn back to the squire. "Uncles and Aunts." The "First Cous- "Cousin: does‘ from‘; l Under the square marked "Grand bmmhmg "Grand Second Consuls." and below that “Second square of "Great Grand Uncles" is that of “Great Grand Thirxi Cous- ins," then. still downward. “Grand and under. , that “Third Cousins." If you have con- structed the table properly you will have the words "Self, brothers and third cousins" all in a row. We may well more than usual interest in a. commun- ity so closely bound by intermar- a/bove directions will be a change from cross-word puzzles. My Table has the word "self" enclosed by a’ thick black lines to mark the start- for Summer Use While Swiss chard is the main- stay for summer greens after the season of the spring greens such as dandelion, mustard and spinach fers a variety of different flavors to relieve the monotony of the chard. This is the plant known as New Zoaiand spinach although it 3 no relation in spinach. doesn't look like vet: GONNA BE LATE, STIJBBY, IF ‘IA Dow-r GET c-oam co AHEAD AN’ ASK TH‘ sum. IF VA KIN on’ O=FTO TO THE ewe. C040-|IiJG A ’%OK\E ‘growth. It is of indeterminate habits, keeping on branching and each branch fur- nishing lcaves_ faor vgreeiis. These leaves are small. fleshy and 1,1. angular In shape and it continues to grow and increase all during the summer months. It is an excellent plant for poor soil as it does not require the rich fare of the true spinach and its season is much longer, lasting for weeks. The seed should not be planted until well into May when the soil is warm and it needs plenty of room. The plants should be given two feet each way in which to ex- pand. A few plants will give suf- ficient material for a liberal supply of greens. Those who like its flovar like it very much. You can't tell until you try it. For early fall the modern de- velopment of cookery has dkcover- ed another material for greens. This is curly endive whose hand- some white curled hearts are so at- tractive on exhibition, but which as salad material never quite live up to their handsome appearance. some of our foreign population take these handsome white heads and boil them as greens and they are very palatable cooked like dandelion greens and having a somewhat similar although milder flavor. But for all summer greens of quality, the Swiss chard is by long odds the most liberal producer and the best quality matrial. No garden should be without a row of Swiss chard. A few plants will go a. long the is the 0!- A full line consisting of MAPLE LEAF HAY CARRIERS (for both Wood & Steel Track) RAF’-FER BRACKETS WOOD AND IRON PULLEYS PURE MANILLA HAY ROPE and WIRE CABLE all of which we are selling at lowest prices. A. HORNE & 00. Charlottetown I — roots STOCK LEVER FORKS OOKS the hollyhock and the leaves and buds of the iris are liable to iniUl'Y very early in May. If holes appear in the holiyhock leaves and small cuts in the sides of the iris leavm. search should at once be made around the base of the D1311" W1‘ climbing cuowormg — cIWl'Pl-31”‘ which hide during the day just under the soil surface and climb the p'ants to feed at night. The caterpillars should be raked out and destroyed. thus saving some of the iris buds from injury later. The hollyhock is a rut-growing plan'- and, while the injury to the early .oliage looks serious. the feeding rarely causes great damage. other species of cutworms pass the winter as small caterpillars. They are fond of the seedlinfl 01 early sweet peas. Bald?“ peas and lettuce which are generally We N5‘ of the seedling plants to appear above ground. Poisoned bran bait should be spread freely along the drllLs just before the seedlings ap- pear above ground, and the treat- ment repeated every warm evening until the plants are of considerable size. Another group of cut/worms de- veiop from eggs in the spring as small caterpillars feed dui-ins the month of June upon the stems of many of the latter seedlings. Beets carrots, com and beans are fav- ourite food plants but alniostiinll or the flower seedlings are accept- able as food. and also glldiolus shoots. when the transplanting season arrives in early June a number of the cutworrns are of considerable size, and it is therefore necessary to give the plants the best protec- tion posslb‘e. strips of stout wrap- ping paper wound loosely about the stems and projecting an inch or more above the ground give con- siderable protection and also help to support the plants. The poisoned bran bait should also be freely spreadv about the flower bud or along the rows of tomato plants on the evening following the setting of transplanted plants in the garden. and careful attention should be given for several days. Cubworms cause more actual loss in t.he‘ga.r- den than almost any other insect. and in late May and early June the gardener should police the gar- den ca.refu‘ly for the thieves that steal by night. KNEES ARE NAUGHTY IN STAID OLD COBOURG OOBOURGE. 0nt.. June 30- Somebody complained the gymna- sium costumes girl studenls ‘o‘.' The collegiate institute wore to school were immodest, so the collegiate board has formally decreed skirts and bloomers for at letic wear must extend to the kn es amcizn mun“ You’ve tried all the rest. now try the best, Tip Top Binder Twine. Order early. it and doesn't taste like it. It has way if the leaves are cut. it isn't G. R. KEEFE an individual and characteristic lecessary to pull up the entire Chm-]o11e1own, flavor much liked by some and not plant is as often done. This merely so much relished by others. It is cuts down production, “*‘—’-“ ‘ . SURE.’ 60 AHEAD. HE OKAY Wi-(ELI THAT 6U‘/ CAME ILI T‘DAV ~ HE'S Ti-l' PIZESIDELIT OF LIKES KID5. AN'Bv|':'5|DES, DlDl~.i'TCl-IA STICK AROUND LATE LA$T l\l|G)$-IT, CLEANil~i' U9, 50 17-1’ 5|-lOP‘D LOOK 114' company, VA Know. 2 % _ ~ ‘ J_Q.wIL\rnHL5 ‘ii? \vTi.i.rAMs YEAH -Tl-l' BULL KIN EXPLAIN TOTL-I’ PRESI- DENT JUST WHY ENTITLED TO A HALF A DAV o(=i=...AiuD EVERY- THING WILL BE Jusr LOVELY.’ 5LiT,BE sui2E ‘/A sew PARDOM WHEN VA BUTT IN on THEI2 couveszemoiu -1-s I 7-1! F Y. I. IEO II. I. "V. W'- VIJI IVH.lIIIV|fl.I&.