.h a demand as if it went by that 
     
     u our forefathers were extremely 
     
     with regard to this right of pe- 
     
     io,,mg,wiiicli,though ridiculed by Mr: 
     
     ine,isa right, under the exrstenceot 
     
     1ich,ifit be freely euJoyed, and steadily 
     
     ercised, a. tyranny never can exist for 
     
    

    
     length of time. The next thing l5, 
     
     9,, on what subjects the people ought 
     
     w to petition the House of Commons” 
     
     very man who reflects but little upon 
     
     e matter, will perceivetthat the main 
     
     mg to be accomplished is, a Reduction 
     
     the Taxes. There are other things 
     
     at want to be attended to. Divers very 
     
     ying grievances; grievances such as. our 
     
     rcfathers never dreamed of the possrbih- 
     
     of; and these must all be redressed; or 
     
     c, this reform of the Parliament \Vlll 
     
     ye failed of its object. But, the first 
     
     in; ofall is, a reduction of the taxes; 
     
     cause the burden oftaxation is the real 
     
     me of all the evils Which the country has 
     
     endure. It is the cause ofthe bodily suffe- 
     
     gsot‘tlie people; it is the cause of the 
     
     reuse of crime; it is the cause of the 
     
     olligacy of expenditure, not only in pub- 
     
     alfairs, but in the private affairs of man; 
     
     is the cause ofthe new and severe laws 
     
     there been passed; and of the abridg- 
     
     ntofour liberties of every description. 
     
     erel'ore, the first thing to do is, to obtain 
     
     eduetiou of these enormous taxes; and, 
     
     ing these taxes in the order, in which 
     
     y are cruel and mischievous, they stand, 
     
     my opinion, in the following oriler:—l. 
     
     etaxes on malt and hops—‘2. The tax 
     
     soap.——3- The taxes on stamps.—-4 The 
     
     as on houses, windows, and other things, 
     
    
   
   
    
     me- 
     
     nacious 
     
    
   
   
    
     ese taxes immediately concerns us all; 
     
     y are on the growth of our land, or on 
     
     rtransactions with one another, or on 
     
     rdwelling-places, or on the things that 
     
     use. With regard to things which come 
     
     m abroad, or things, the use of which 
     
     not common to us all, there will be time 
     
     uugh to speak hereafter. At present 
     
     ese are the taxes to be petitioned against; 
     
     due time should be lost in sending for- 
     
     rd the petitions The malt and hop 
     
     tes ought to stand at the head of every 
     
     tilion for relief. Until these be entirely 
     
     en ofi‘there can be no man in his senses 
     
     propose any alteration in the Corn-bill. 
     
     ey are the cause of more and greater 
     
     ils than are to be described in a volume. 
     
     eyhave mainly assisted in breaking up 
     
     at happiest of all communities that the 
     
     orld ever saw; namely, the agricultural 
     
     mmunity ofEngland. The soap-tax is 
     
     50 excessively burdensome, and falling 
     
     ostheavy on those who can least bear it; 
     
     d, with regard to the stamps and the as- 
     
     . dtaxes, indepedent of their pressure, 
     
     Irpai‘tiality is so crying, that itis impos- 
     
     . 'e for any 'ust man to look at them 
     
     , ithout feeling himself swell with indigna- 
     
    
   
   
    
     THE BRITISH AMERICAN. 
     
    
   
   
    
     tion. The whole of the taxes ought to be 
     
     repealed, and, that too, without loss of 
     
     time; but still the malt and hop taxes 
     
     demand a preference ; and it is for 
     
     a repeal of those taxes, which I most 
     
     strongly recommend all my countrymen 
     
     to petition without loss of time. For a 
     
     bushel of malt and a pound of hops we 
     
     are now paying about twelve shillintrs in- 
     
     stead of having them for about five l,nihich 
     
     we should have, were there no tair upon 
     
     either; so that here are the millions of Env- 
     
     land and Wales paying pretty nearly t\:0 
     
     h'undred per cent. on account of tax, Upon 
     
     their drink, caming from the produce of our 
     
     owu soil. Every orie complains ofthe mis- 
     
     cliiefof.the beer-shops; every one Complains 
     
     of the groups of homeless and honseless 
     
     young people in the country; every one com- 
     
     plains of the increase of crime; every one 
     
     perceives that these evils have proceeded 
     
     from the banishment ofthe young people 
     
     from the farm-houses; but no one seems to 
     
     perceive the power which the malt-tax has 
     
     hadin producing that banishment. I‘his 
     
     malt-tax, therefore, is the first thing to be 
     
     assailed; and the people should recollect, 
     
     that their representatives have very little 
     
     to do with regard to the expenditure of the 
     
     public money; that their business is to pre- 
     
     vent the moiiey being taken improperly 
     
     from the people. No exciseman can go 
     
     intoa malt-house without an act of Par- 
     
     liament to warrant him in so doing. There- 
     
     fore, it is to their representatives in Par- 
     
     liament that the people are to apply, in or- 
     
     der to be eased of this burden, and of all 
     
     other burdens. It is the duty of the mem- 
     
     bers to exert themselves to their utmost to 
     
     accomplish this purpose; but it is also the 
     
     duty of the people to second the efforts of 
     
     those members; and the way for them‘ to 
     
     seCond them is. to draw up, to sign as nu- 
     
     merously as possible, and to send forward, 
     
     their petitions to their own members, if 
     
     they be ready to receive, to present, and 
     
     to support them; or else to some other 
     
     members. it * * I do beseech my 
     
     readers well to think of these matters; 
     
     ‘ A man of words and not ofrleeds. 
     
     ls like a garden full of weeds;' 
     
    

    
     is a saying of old, in'all probability, as gar- 
     
     dens theniselves; and I do beg my rea Lers 
     
     to bethink them of it well now. Paper, 
     
     pen, and ink, are all that are wanted, and 
     
     a great deal less time and pens than are 
     
     wasted by almost every man in every 
     
     twenty-fourhours ot'liis life. Let this be 
     
     borne in mind. * "“ "“ Again,l beg my 
     
     readers to hear in mind, that it is upon 
     
     their conduct, in this crisis, that they have 
     
     to depend for their happiness.” 
     
    
   
   
    
     AGRICULTURAL AND COMMERCIAL RE- 
     
     souncns or [ammo—The resources, both 
     
     agricultural and commercial, of Ireland, 
     
     are immense. Her soilfcontains 12,000,000 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     arable acres, exclusive of 5,000,000 that 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     209 
     
    
   
   
    
     might be rendered arable. Now suppo- 
     
     sing that of this . quantity 3,000,000 
     
     acres are annually devoted to potatoes, 
     
     3,000,000 to wheat, and 6,000,000 to grass, 
     
     oats, or barley, we shall find, that from this 
     
     arable portion alone there might be raised 
     
     the following quantity of food. 3 millions 
     
     acres, in wheat, at 2 quarters per_acre, 
     
     6,000,000 quarters. 3 millions acres po- 
     
     tatoes, at 50 bolls per acre, 150,000,000 
     
     Qlls. Now six millions of quarters of 
     
     wheat will maintain six millions of souls, 
     
     and 150,000,000 bolls of potatoes will at 
     
     the very least maintain l5~000,000 more; 
     
     so that the wheat and potatoes growing 
     
     on these six millions of acres alone, would 
     
     maintairitwenty-one millions ofsouls. This 
     
     is supposing the waste lands in the island 
     
     to yield nothing, and six millions of the 
     
     arable' acres to be devoted to the production 
     
     of grass, oats, or barley, for the conveni- 
     
     ence and‘luxuries of life It is evident, 
     
     therefore, that there is ample room in the 
     
     soilof Ireland to maintain at least three 
     
     times its present population, in the highest. 
     
     state ofallluence and comfort. The ’ma- 
     
     nufacturiug and commercial advantages 
     
     of Ireland also are immense. From the 
     
     cheapness of labour, which, at an avarage, 
     
     is little more than halfthat in Great Britain, 
     
     the linen manufacturers of the North have 
     
     of late years made the most rapid progress, 
     
     and a considerable part of the commercial 
     
     capital of Glasgow has already emigrated 
     
     to that more favourable seat of manufactu- 
     
     ring industry. The numerous natural har- 
     
     bors and deeply indented bays of the Irish 
     
     coast, give facilities for the formation of 
     
     seaports, and acoastways commerce, un- 
     
     known to any other part of the empire. 
     
     All along the west coast the shore is so 
     
     precipitous, that almost every bay may be 
     
     formed at a little expense into a harbour; 
     
     and Valentia, the nearest point of Europe 
     
     to America, is evidently destined to be- 
     
     come the great emporium of British ex- 
     
     port to the countless millions of the New 
     
     World, and render the West of Ireland 
     
     the scene of as great commercial activity 
     
     as the Severn or the Mersey. In her fish- 
     
     eries, too, Ireland enjoys a mine of wealth , 
     
     hitherto almost unexplored, the. extent of 
     
     which is incalculable. The rivers on its 
     
     western coast all abound with salmon; its 
     
     herring and deep-sea fisheries are equal in 
     
     extent, and superior in quality, to those- of 
     
    
   
   
    
     ~the whole of Great Britain. Little.expense 
     
    
   
   
    
     is required to render every bay 0n the north 
     
     and west coast a fishing station, which may 
     
     rival the activity of Wick or Thurso; 
     
    

    
     The Mayor of Wexford, Mr. C. G. ~ 
     
     Walker, has refused to pay his tithe. and 
     
     awarrant having been issued against him, 
     
     there will be exhibited in his ‘person the 
     
     extraordinary instance of a Chief Magis- 
     
     trate committed to prison, and the main- 
     
     tamer ot‘ the laws one of the first infringe" 
     
     of them.