AUGUST 14. 194s TIMELY NOTES ON TOPICS CONNECTED WITH Silver Fox Farming Now that meat sup lies are be- temperatures retard bacterial and in scarce ther, a tempta- mm; ii."is.ii'ri°it.i" hi" till‘; ° Th "liwm" ~ e - a ‘ h, dangers in this course and for mm (mg mu untfilfiffg wrtzlgé mat reason we are Dublishing an authoratitive article pointin out niece uangers. 1t is entitled "The Utilization of Dead Animals," and was contributed by Dr. Lionel Stevenson, Ontario Veterinary Col- lege, Guelph. The utilization oi the meat car- can be me ur d f gels s or ziowiiessreieiueggllgingy 1:3? hale meats under the influ- ence °1 179951118 temperatures. D1111"! wann weather not one minute can be lost in salvagin the meat from carcasses of an als dead due to any reason whatever, All me t ll l kl , . casses of animals that have died ma]; G2,‘, 5%?“ qgoc- zlauggtefals, for any one of a number of rea- methods’ accident m, (“sense sons during a period of meat rcity as is now being experi- d, may be Justified. but it is hazardous practice. During periods when meat from healthy living animals was available at reasonable prices the wellinform- ed rancher wisely refused to use the moat oi any animal that had died by any means. other than gppruvtifl slaughter and butcher should be dressed (eviscerated or gutted) at once if the temperature is much above freezing. The soon_ er it ca_n be landed in the rem. aerator the better. The following iafety rules should be used when here is any question as to the wholesomeness oi any ‘ dstufl; i. Make careful inquiry before taking a carcass or dead animal. Pmcllce- ( Use only fresh carcasses, W» have always in the past op- dflfiffifiiifgfnflflfi‘; nogfldwnlngggg P0564 l" Yams“ 1° Yewm‘ the meat at once. Deiavs add in lnllliifltllllf kriss 3f énedat ftrorra ani- me risk mas iu a e ue o rown- 3_ Do t m __ W1- n-‘Zhmm! Stmkc- blmuntl- cusses the? argoidlscgloreldxxbzi: silly choke, or illness due to diseases of various kindle. Cgnditioéis oi Sltli)‘ ply have c ange meas for ur c3559; o; 1m] m animals are scarce and expensive 3n a Megf,‘ comgium?!‘ have died mday and will be for some time: 5_ Do no, consider using can 111 1""- We m“? “ever "KM" 55° cdsses from sections where con- abscessed areas. 4. Do norconslder using car- the low prices experienced previ- g, 1 ous to i940. With the prevailing n: ilasowfina egxllgficflous diseases 111E“ Prices °1 “day “m! the Pm!‘ 6. Do not consider using car~ wrr of continued high price levels for protein foods following the ces- saLlOii of hostilities. ranchers must now consider using to some extent what they have declined to use in the past. The dwindling animal protein supply can be supplement- ed by careful selection and hand- ling nf the carcasses oi animals that have died for reasons other {Ihan approved butchering prac- ce. castes from animals that been saturated with poisonous 3. ‘l. Trust only those you know tn be honest when buying meat food for fur animals. 8. 1t is imperative in most cases that a safety test be made on the meat from each dead animal car- cass be used. A test unit of four mink or of four foxes. de- pending on which species it is in- tended to feed the meat to should be arranged. Select four of the least valuable animals, preferably young animals that can be used for meat food testing. To the test unit composite samples of the car- cass in question can given. These composite samples should consist oi tissue from all parts o! the carcass. Test animals should be watched closely; if they show any ailment whatsoever or arc slow in eating the meat under test or refuse to eat it, then the car- cass should be rejected or not used in the raw condition. Thor- ough cooking of a rejected car- cass may render it safe, but a scc- ond safety test should be under- taken before the cooked meat is fed in a large way. 9. Cook well and tcst before us- ing any meats from doubtful sources. Heat will destroy micro- urganisims provided it is applied long enough and in sufficient amounts to every particle of food. Large masses of food heat slowly in the interior and require longer boiling than small pieces. The carcasses of animals that have died due to drowning, light- ning stroke, bloating, choke or mechanical accident can be used u secured and cut up at once. The moat or flesh oi tho unbled ani- mal spoils quickly in warm weath- er so no time can be lost in re- covering, cutting upfor grinding up and quick freezing such meats. Every hour of delay between the minute ihe animal mets its death and the time when the meat is subject to freczing temperature increases the chance of it being unw olesome. Keep in mind that i1‘? warmth of the stable nr the outdoors is the great stimulus to protein-destroying action by bac- sria. Also keep in mind that low l0. The viscera from dead ani- mals should be thoroughly cook- ed in all cases. ll. Be sure oi the diagnosis as to cause oi death and cook all animals that have died clue to bacteria or virus infection. Spores oi certain organisms sometimes found in the meat recovered from dead animals are very resistant to heat and may withstand one hour at 212 degrees F. Many spore- forming bacteria that are disease producing will survive baking tem- perature. The toxins produced by bacteria in meat are fortunately killed by heat. Botulinum Food Poisoning - Botulism The toxin produced by the growth of Clostridium botulinnni in under- processed canned foods is always a source oi danger to fur anima s. Home canned goods Will, prob- ably be used to a greater extent than ever beiore in the effort to supply the food necessary to carry on the fur animal ranch. Meats. fish, and vegetables are sometimes contaminated beiore or during the canning process. especially so where no adequate heating equip- ment is at hand to properly cook or rocess the material that it ts des red togsaye, Commercial pack- ers have practically controlled thp danger of botulism in their field. The danger is now confined, in- sofar as canned goods are concern- ed, to the product of a ranch that is inadequately equipped to pro- cau foods- Clostridium Th, flesh of animals that have died duc to botulinus toxin can not be safely used as food for iur-bearing animals until it is subjected to a very thorough cook- ing at a temperature oi 248 de- grees F. for one hour. Horses and cattle die due to botulinus toxin, most frequently during the s ring and early summer the esh oi such animals may be of- fered to the fur ranchercduring this period whvn his young ani- msis are calling for more meat. Thorough cooking is the safe- guard. and then only after a feed test has been made on a test unit. The sym, oi hotulism are lassitudc. gastrointestinal dL-i- turbance. difficulty in swallowing, MAKE -' l CUMBINATIUN HARD mam! eea/ mmliEXlTE ‘tlilliil ° IZIIBES ° PEllETS double vision etc. The treatment of botuilsm is_ at beat unsatisfac- MIIV. Control oi Botulism - The na- tural habitat oi clostridium botu- ilnuin is the soil there it persists u a common soil anaerobe and may he found anywhere at any time. The spores are very re- sistant to heat (248 deified F) but the toxin is more easily des- troyed (168 degrees F.) Avoid nil feeds that show definite physical signs oi spoilage. such on. odour Frr n n! P/irumr NT and n: production. Kfl LONG C. 0 M PA N Y Staphylococcus - The most ... . ., common typo of food poisoninri in man and domestic animals ls caused by the formation of rm enuro toxin by the action of stag. Weighing 4.316 pounds; 6B5 dozen eggs. 30581111 Archambeuit, oi the Quebec Superior Cour-i higher than ceiling prices by falsfying invoices and demanding extra payment on ihe side. Under the cycs of RCMP GT1.“ Lin‘ . . ' Venn" o‘ n I ~ - - -: - .-.=. Alice’. c. Tllli‘, enfv _ y ‘e we “hlckefll. “Slated by an employee of the hfoclcrn Poultry and Egg Co. Black Market Violators Punished cenuy Iglaxtxlglefinfeléfitttilfitglfl oi its kind to wipe out a “Black Market", ihe Wartime Prices and Trade Board re- puum‘ blue do usincss license of Mcmrn Poultry and Lgg Company, Montreal wholesale dealers in wade y.“ t 1r an eggs. The Board seized all the goods on hand and is selling them through the normal c annes at wholesale ceiling prices. Tne action was taken after an inquiry conducted by Mr. Justice revealed that the company was selling poultry at ‘\1HFWP.F'VR>Q, await. w» s... All live and dressed poultry and products 1r" l‘"lll0V€l11'ill'l ih ' ‘ with Proceeds credited t t1 ~ . n - ‘Q ‘ i. .) 7'10 pmmses by the W‘P'T'B' m be 5°": 0 Lltilsgllllpsslitrglfhc f0llo..in, stock um. SPLAKl and removed: 1,176 dressed poultry,‘ weighting 3,174 pounds; 3.806 needs for quick grouih. hylococcus strains of are very common and found i.- abundance everywhere: such hr..- commoniy carried in the throat on the _body surface or in the nasal discharges of most animals. also in pimples, boils and other in fcctions. Food exposed to the air soon becomes contaminated wizli staphylococcus and in many n- stanccs serves as a nutrient media. Under favorable temperature and moisture conditions staphylo- coccus grow rapidly and producc cntcrotoxin can bc developed in five hours or loss, so fox nnd mink food on the feed board can easily become dangerous. To cause seri- ous illness or death, there must be sufficient contamination of tlic food with stayphylococcus organ- isms of an entero toxin-producing strain-the food must be a good medium for growth—and the tem- perature must bc favorable, as it usually is in feed-mixing rooms on fur animal ranches, Stap- Lower temperatures in the refri- gerator room and quick disposal oi the food after thawing is a safeguard. All staphylococcus strains do not produce dangerous entero toxins sufficient to cause food poisoning, but some strains are very virulent. In stapylococclts‘ food poisoning the food causing the trouble may contain sufficient entero-toxin to cause violent ill- ness or death of mink or foxes and yet contain no odour of spoilage or abnormal taste The rancher may not sus ct the food until he finds his an als sick or dead. The entero toxin produced by sta hylococcus is extremely heat- res tant, so suspected food must be finely divided and boiled long and hard to reduce its potency. Foxes and mink that consume food containing dangerous amounts oi taphyloc entero toxin will show nausea, vomiting. and acute prostration within one to three hours. The time between iood contamination and illness may be as short as six hours if the staphylococcus are permitted to grow on the food uncheckcd. Low‘ temperature refrigeration with care in sanitation and feed- ing are the ranchers’ best practice to prevent loss from this type of food iaoning, Fortunately the number of ani- mals that die is small compared to the numbers that become ill and rccgver. The control of stan- hyiococcus will always ~be a prob- ‘cm where meat-eating animals ara kept and the rancher must i oocm anisrns Irowing . that golaatilfsctpry tether straits i. r- be on his toes all the time to pro- tect the f- -‘ _"" organism ‘ RAILS HI-‘KELD. icnt officer of the » CONSEIJiATION I l WEEKLY COLUMN OI PRAGIFCT. OPINIONS 0P 'l‘lli VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE USES AND ABUSE-S 0 NATURAL RESOURCES BY MIL LUDLOW JENKINS Li the fur bearers are , be wiped out, then the Indian; of subsistence because they are mining or agriculture. They become a cha e on conservation methods will take of the situation. ensure p. supply of furs from the w d maintain the The various governments Canada. dominion and provin conservation, have been undertaken to protect fur resources. ‘ha have been regulated animals. game sanctuaries have n sat may breed in security. Canada or difficult of access to conserve . modern methods of have operated to natural barrios. and airplanes being used to break into the last mainlng breeding grounds The suit is inevitable unless fur bearer and those The Hudson's Bay Co. Ls dee concerned in providing ways means for protecting the iui-ure going in for mass production. department as rapidly as ‘consstcnt with the quality of 1 ‘ product.‘ We_ are 315g 11" , mg mink, imlle experiments are conducted with marten fisher. \V.P.T.B. from the ed to ectcd against any diminution in FOSLS. and interest is our big conservation scheme on the sh landed in 1670. As you know, beaver has played a great part in of yiears it was the sta-ole fur, bread and butt-er of all parts great food value, but his habits has marked him out as a object of extermination. T0 BE CONTINUED HOUSEHOLD FLY active agents in the spread oi fly should not be tolerated in home or its surroundings, or in "i s?“ from this filth to human f carrying bacteria and particle hairy body and legs and on st feet and mouth. It may light on face of a sleeping child, and common fly is notorious for the it plays in spreading infantile di pounds of butter, and 7,620 almost proved by the finding of virus in a mixed collection of taken in districts where paralysis had occurred. (laniidn, Rcprcv-nntiirg l-‘ur (lr-nmlssioircr, finds-ans Bay Co.,.15 Winnipeg tint zing ni North American Wildlife Coirfercncc says iiUDSOlVS BAY CO. AND FUR. CONSERVATION Mr Chairman, ladies and gcnilc- lllilil, I LlllVC llll! llOHCl‘ l0 TCQJFCJC the “Governor and company of ml- tcnturcs of England trading 11110 Hudson Buy“, ccnnnnnly know as the Hudson's Bay Co, and I have comc hcrc from ‘Winnipeg in Manitoba, to have thc benefit of listening to ulhat you -gent1emen have heard of the Hudson's Bay Co. and some of yon may Non know something of ifs history. Anywnyxi it is iii-o same company which came to (he shores of tho Hudson Bay in 1675 to trade and which has carried on that trade cvcr since. Until a few years ago w»: were also charged with the govcnmiont and administration of o. large part of Canada. but with the advance of settlement those rights were surrender-ed to the Canadian Govcrmcnt. Previous thereto ill-C! company had maintain- cd peace in the wilderness, conduct- ed trad-e without violence, establish- ed principles of justice and carried- out the cxoloraticn of the country in n way that has been of the ut- most scrvicc in Canada over since. The Hudson's Baa’ Co. is still primarily a fur-trad corporat- ion. Evcn in iiicso da s of strenuous competition on all s. es we control more than mic-half of the total _ raw fur output of Canada which produces the finest furs in the world. Thus, as you can readily ap- preciate. ihc perpetuation of wild fur-b-earlng animals for tho future Ls a mnlicr of prime importance to us. We view with alarm ihe steady decrease in many rartietios of val- uable furs. in some cusps these can he taken care of by fur farming. Silver fox and mink ranching has already been placed on a flrm basis and has prcvcd that the decline in wild resources can be more than made good by lho brooding of these animals in captivity. We know that muskrafs can be conserved and is ‘J-‘Jfnfifnfi-“Ifl-MJ raised successfully in large number R- ll- G- Bvnnyvcsllc. Winnings‘; through in: control of marsh areas Trude l, suited to their habits. In time there be added to the list cf those which can be brad successfully in captivity. The Hudson's Bay Co., however, has n. tremendous investment three oughout ihe entire northern part of Canada, right from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the transcont- lncntal railroads north 1o 500 miles within the Actic Circle. And not only have a tremendous investment which. properly handled, psraiively easy. They temporary garbage will prevent files from finding a breeding p The most effective method of trol consists in eliminating or ducing their breeding places side by the proper treatment no doubt many other animals will ure and garbage. manure heap or garbage dum neighbourhood. financial expected to return dividends to hold insects." which mav tained free by writing to Wildlife Restoration and i Department of Agriculture. GROUNli_Ll_liiESTONE Due to the difficulty oi getting supplies of ground limestone we would strongly advise tire farmers to secure their requirements immedi- ately while a supply is available. We are prepared to make immediate shipment in bulk, delivered to any station in the Province in minimum carioad lots at a cost of not over $2.00 per ton. your station. Guaranteed analysis 94-98 per cent calcium carbonate. V This offer is good only up to the end of Sep- tember, after which it will not be possible to accept orders. J. J. LeCLERC DRAPEAU Bonaventure County, P.Q. wild fur esouroes of the country. Eskimos will be left without means suited to other occupations, such as 1'8 the Gover- nment, which is a situation earnest- ly to be avoided as being neither in their own intorets nor the Gover- nmments nor anyone elsek. Pro rpetual native population. and many mcsurcs PD soaso for all valuable reserves have been 595 “D where on Y natives may hunt, aside where none may hunt and animals been fortunate in possessing large settlement and sufiicientiiy remote fur resources occupying thorn, But transportatin overcome these vigilance is unrelaxed and ihe cause of the dependent gdiXm him is scrupulously safeguard- sofar as its fur production is con- cerned. Two fully modem sliver fox farms are operated. One, near Winnipeg, being in particular one 0f i119 must mcdem establishments of its kind in Canada. The Company at present is more concerned with breeding a first-class product than we are expel-riding operations in this possible breed A muskrat marsh has been leased Manitoba Government and the rats protected for several years now with eminently satisfact- cry results. Negotiations are under way with several provincial gover- nmenzs for the securing of other large marsh areas which are expect- keep ihe company's great auction sales in London fully prot- Sllpily of rats from the trading But the subject of our greater pride beaver of James Bay. where our ships first history of our country. For hundreds Canada . ‘The beaver is splended as a fur beaming animals and pssesses nature render him ewsilv captured while his slow rate of mp1 ’uc~tion ready DISEASE CARRIER Because it is one of the most ease and one of the greatest enemies of public health. the common house ering human food and fruit for sale. It breeds in filth, and passes dire decomposing organic matter on its hoes, typhoid, tuberculosis, cholera, dysentery. and other diseases. It is strongly suspected of being a carrier of the virus causing infantile par- alysis. and already the case has been infantile The common house fly is one of the most serious corrupters of food. In the home, control of flies is com- can be tem- porary and effective covering of the disposal of such materials a; man- ur-a and garbage. One neglect man- One neglected often sufficient to infect. the whole and therefore in the control of flies it is necessary to enlist the active co-operation of-, the whole Community. Practical in- our shareholders. but we have a very formation on this sub wi great interest in the welfare of the , found in native population with whom we-of Some Co have lived in peace for 266 , years. These people are dependent on the ect be Bulletin N0. 637 "COMPOl mmon Species of House- 0b. Dominion ‘ w and mt will THE LITTLE TABLE (3) Simon Eyer, shoemaker per care N“; wealth, for as‘ is evcrlastingly true. gen I think it was) grossly says etc grease our are many who ilk rustic wit born of a has have enivyed the arivllese the the erstwhile shoemaker. are m. re- in- n0. Simon replied that in: do: and so the man departed. t bu Mrs Om- what he should do. be. and m-snts against this cajolery." little cost " Then he broke into the CF95 the country the ter 0i the argument, since ihe oi’ “d my leisure." know what I have said: he went. dis- oome and told him that, having ‘he good opinion of him, they off- 531i of At icky the this pea-t 811‘- pounds; and the flies to be Sheriff of Iondon. for the commons of done, you must stand to it " the Simon protested that his fancy lflce- to the table was a matter of senti- wn- ment: that doubtless no man there Te- would give him a thousand shillings Wt‘ for it when he saw it. "id e Lord Mayor took him up: pis terms and the meeting brokc up. pie cf wealthy commoners (one walked down the strocf. with him. Then he said set me here my little table me before they Z0. His wife excused the mailer 1x18 "The little table! Good Lo oncez" and sire whispered him ihe eare: “What. man shall shame ourselves " "What shame? lquoih ho) do besought him to leave it nion: ‘Ii-ust me we are guests (said the alderman». but we would fain seq your little i; Yes, and it is my mind you (auoili Master Eycr). therefore told his wife again to dispatch and prepare it fcr those ue gentlemen turned merchant, was daily increashing in in the London of 1434 as ia Canada of 1943. the saylnil ‘"130 him that hath shall be 811/911. Belhold “than k Simoninvitedtosu wtha be are eerily alive to the necessity of m’, ‘or’ u a wrulgr (Han Camel “There the rump of the fat pig." a 919W 01 long experi- ence. He was asked at last to the Lord Mayor's Feast. along with his wife; and the good lady seems w more than Simon did. However, the cou- pie comported themselves with a modesty that won the favor of the “worshipful guests" and brought a- bout the further advancement of Next morning (says our historian) “they heard one knocking hastily at doore, whereupon he sent Florence to see who it was: the maiden. com- ing again, told her master that it was one of my 10rd Maicrs officers that would speake with him.” This city, wished him to become skier-iii. and desired him to come and certify: his mind therein, whether" he would he content-ed t0 hold the place or would come t0 his honor and their wor- ships incontinent (i. e. immediately and say what he was minded to Simon had listened to this and had aireav made up her mind "Taking 1:im about the neck with a louing kisse, she said: Master Sheriffo, God clue thee ioy of thy name and placei, Simcn put up all kinds of "n-gn-j W0- man rquoth he), soft fire makes sweet malt: for such as take things in hand rashly. repent as sudden- lv: i0 be Shsriife of London is no list of the house and finery he must provide, and what a train oi servants and officers he must keep up, and a hundred other expcnes certain to be incurred if he accepted the office. Thus the argument went on, the woman urging that his fail- ure to accept would be looked on as a sign of an unworthy subject who lacked goodwill to his King and Mrs. Simon I suspect thad the het- Simon ciosed it, man-like, by-“Thou dost hold me here with priitle-pratfie while the time passeth on! ‘Tis high tlmg I were gone to Guild-Hail and not cause my 10rd Maior to stay As he made off, his wife called after him and holding up her fin- ger, sald: “Husband, remember, you look to it. husband!" To which he respond- ‘ed"Gofpo,gotoo,getyouin a- bout your business," and so away When he came to the Guild-Hall, the Lord Mayor and his brethren in office, gave him a hearty wel- had chosen him Sheriff for that year; but he requested a postponement for another year, and pleaded that his wealth was less than his good will. these words a grave com- moner of the city stood up, and af- ter due reverence to the Mayor, said, "My good 10rd. this is but e. slend- er excuse for Master Eyer to make; for I have olftcn heard him gay, and so have divers others, that he hath a talble in his house wheireon he breaks his fast everyday, that he will not give (eel) for s thousand I think he that is able to spare a thousand pounds in such a dead commodity is very sufficient .. The Lord Mayor agreed that Sim- on had made a very lame excuse. London had very searching eyes and seldom were they deceived in their cpln- lons-Jand therefore looke what is “All is one for that (quoih he) yet m“ I 3W9 W“ "5 much “me “s iusiraied." U. S A. magazine. Th you will spend this year in your Shrivaliiie to let me have ii!" ‘Sim- Wmmes “m. kmwn to be came on agreed to hold office on hoar- by me clove, 3.1V- husband. I pray you confentc your- self and sit at this grcat iablo this thou art hidden. We arp but four. then what do we iroublin‘: the arr-at table?" To which she answered that the little table was not rcady and iroublowme becase it is said to he of such prim shall w. . whereupon his wife. seeing him so earnest, cami- in according as sliv ~ NEWSY NOTES - NAKIIDOIA (quota they) herein you have utter- ly deceived our expectation. Even so did you mind in making mg Sherifie (quoth he): but you art all right welcome andiiell you true had r not thouilht- wondrous "e15 of you, you had not seen my “m! now: and I think. did my 10rd Minor see it as you do. he W011" repent his bargain so hastily made Notwithstanding 1 account of 11k‘! table never the worse. Nor have you am’ cause 15mm they) and after much pleasant talk they departed. spffiidiflil (hi? 15$ of Master Sheriff's little table 01R it thThvgrrfglei-gmglns oi this pleasant old-vzorld story but 11m? "m" coming Mayor- Concernlng Siav {lP-"i . '.."":->.‘"§_: >qi> we “are talking about the state of slavery to which Hitler had rc- duced Eurflpe and the talk drifted yound to the institution of slayer)’ itself. "Did you Kmw m“ slavery‘ was the Eellfml 1°‘ ‘l! ‘he officer, after due reverence, told ply him that the Mayor. Aldermen and common man in England for scoff“? and the whole "communalitio" o!‘ the ccninrios alter the. Norman on- and I hold this?‘ l}; th- grind old iimos_\ve $l0\i( Bani horn slaves‘. only. 5111c? didn't like that word, ths Mi‘ \ have called us serfs (EH31 H5 lute as 151i. the translaiers of the > English Bible used thetworlgi 51%;}: but twice. llmfcrrmg i? hosénvcr word servant). The ser . g- his was as much the DTQPQTW °_ master as 1115 0* °T m5 855 °r m“. that was his. He coud branuded mutilated 01‘ hflflged i" his master's pleasure, and against rib]; {erccity of the times he hag but one protector- ihe Churcéi. ‘ took a national calamity to 0t 1:6 “lay with such an iniquitous_s a of affairs " "What was that?‘ ask- ed my friend. to my "m? 9°’, I feared he W85 Eel-m‘! bored w’. my haranillle- "If “'35 the ma’ Death‘ which struck at England in 124s England had then a moi-la- tion of between three and .0111? millions and in a few monthsvhfll of these were dead. Thertvel}?! structum of society fell aflfl - 9T9 Iwere hundreds of masters without serfs and thousands of serfs wiéili- out; masters. The conscquent s organization 0i society led up t0 the “Peasants R/cvolt" (1377-1381). This was ruthlessly put down. but? from that time onward the system of viileinage or scrfdom rapidly '19‘ cayed, and the laborer worked irhere he pleased. for such wageé as the times afforded " _ "But 1 thought mislead did“ abolish slavery till just beiore the American Civil War?" "That nad m do with the British colonies. such as Jamaica. where the fnstitiltmfl still flourished. The British Parlia- ment had forbidden trading in slaves in 1807, but it took another quarter of a century before public opinion was sufficiently alive to the evil to authorize the spending 0f $0,000,000 in freeing the EIB-VQS- m the year 1833 that amount was paid over to the slave owners and the slaves were freed. The American civil War you speak of, lasted from 186i, to 1866, with the same re- sult as far al the sla/ves in Am- erica were concerned. There wal never any doubt, in my mind, that the British slave-owners acted 1n a more astute fashion than did their American cousins. Consider: these men had to buy their slaves. m" M! the least ‘uaise" them; they bB-d id provide shelter, food, and cloth and possibly some medical abterlti if the slave were a valuable or‘ when the slave was freed. the org (nu-sf? If W“ a i R of providing all these things on himself. He had in b0 his laibor. of course; but it was easy matter to keel? his wages d by promoting competition. If b! any chance he became a pflidullfll it was still possible w call in the low of supply and demand, or the bogey of "overproduction," to out hi1 prices. It was a good amngemenv. for the slaveamier -even wit the taienfy millions pockeirmoney! Daisies and Potatoes ' Daisies have long been_a nuis , in the hayfieidc, but a graver chairg 1S made against them in the cu rent issue of "Horticulture I virs of ycllow dwarf disease lcoihopper into i yiofnio-fielzis, and rcccnt researcl o“ °f u“ 3159mm“ “ml F‘ “a? by tho New York pxpcrimentai stai ing he that spoke of the team the new sheriff, who, coming in his own door, invited them in to sup with to his iviio: Bring forth the pasty of venison and that these gentlemen mnv eat a bit with tron has shown that ihe hoops can procure its supply of virus fro 45 different kinds of woods But t chit-f culprit, was ihc common chi. Chrysanthemum loucanih c m u m mradorv bX"l'lii1ll‘t‘l gave» counts d 30 in 6O pm‘ cent of virus-infccfei (Iaisics vvliunco ihe lonfhoppcr ca! ric: the disease to iiic potatoes ii drv season or after haying, whet other food is scarce. Grccn Moun lain minim-s or." nuoiod as moi $ii$"£‘l)lll]i(‘_ nurl Kuinhrlin and Se! aco iilfiFi rc isiani lo the vinll What we lr vc to fcnr on P. I<lan<l this ' r is lnic blight u" from ihc gmi inc iviiich more almost as ton ri Tiicrc is. hou =rct pests ih_ HlillliiPl‘ in the noiFlTiFrifsAciion n (ho Prnvincc. ill Wt.‘ RS oi all‘ WIT]! A TOT‘ WATCH’? Tho ntoon c civics n circii zironnd tlio criflh ill 9.7 days, l'l')l"‘S and 43“ “‘l"l'l(‘<. he to PLENTY Raw-m ' ‘rifluzfii Ctinodu profit l 2839000 pounds o.‘ but year. i. was wont. and selling lit-r solin W’ 7-: down on a low stoolc, laid a iziii- F s cloth over her knees and sot ihe ‘platter 0f vralson thereupon, whiio 5mm" bmugm “ "hm m‘ '“"‘“"' i-‘irsi prize and junior champla alderman. and stools for in:- nrn- hm“. n, Chm~1nn,.mw,, E-nnbiriq ‘TV-onus? which “WY bN-"fldlllq- from provcn nnccsirv and B31 brake into sudden and iv-nrtv [Qeding hack ground. laughter. saving: whv, Master Sheriff. is this the unm- xou hold (qucth he). Now. verily 5-1341- so deare? Yea. truly N Ell. MMN Ellil‘, M it! .. .._ . ......... ...._..'-.......¢