JULY 19. 1941 - NEWSY NOTES - I! AGIJOOLA NOTES ON WINDSOR. BEANS i Windsor Beans, often celled Broad Beans in England. belong to m, genus Faba, while the French m- garicot Beans are varieties o’ the genus Ph1seolus. The latter has geeds of an elongated shape, there- by earning the name of Kidney Beans as well; but after noting that all Canadian garden beans are 1mm; of ille so-called French Beans, we may dismiss them for the present. 1; has been stated by some of m, older botanists that beans were b-ought into Britain during the Roman occupation o! the Island; that the Romans had them from u... Greeks along with other bene- fits, material and immaterial; and the Greeks in turn are supposed to have imported the original beans mm Egypt. though the usual rcllrces of evidence are silent on ii is point. It seems scarcely pos- sible that Broad Beans have come by this route. for they are "as hard as nails." and may be planted as soon as the land can tie worked, regardless of night frosts. Such an immunity to frost-bite would show that this bean is s native of cen- tral. rather than sub-tropical, Eur- o . pleiroad Beans appear in authentic hkstory in two forms of the same gpecfesj just as the human race may be divided into different types of homo sapiens. Tre Field Bean differs principally in the seed being smaller. and its coat a. deeper brown at maturity. This is the kind entioned by cambbell irl his ‘Political survey.” published in 1774: he 85y! that "field beans are exported for the food of the negroes in our planta- tions. and are employed in feeding horses at home; so that altogether they are in daily use, and most cer- ulinly turn to a considerable amount." Another writer. at the game date. says that the annual consumption of field beans W88 four million bushels; and this vast quantity was grown mainly ill South-eastern Ensland. HOW i110 negroes made use of them is not divulged, but dried broad beans are never used as human food in ‘Bri- tain. when fed to horses they were "cracked" first, and then mix- ed with oats in certain proportions: this diet was generally reserved for horses that were at hard work. and required strong rations. NOW my mders will understand why "CED- taln Jinks of the Horse Marines." fed his horse on corn (oats) and beans, in the old song. Such beans were also given to p18! in ll" 1”‘ tening pen. The Garden Bean is the Broad Bean I trad in mind when b98111"- lng this note. Pratically all the dif- ference betwen it and the field bean is that its seeds are inJBQT- A minor difference is ihllt 50ml strains of Broad Beans have white- skinned seeds while others ha" green-skinned seeds; but the seed! oi both oxidize and turn brown very soon after being "shelled." which somewhat spoils their IP- pearanoe for market. A field 0i beans in flower ls not only a pretty sight, but the perfumfi Ellie" °" l‘ very agreeable. The flower is. 0i course. of the leguminous tylll- Ind ll white in color with a black spot on the wings; and the black is I real black. not a maroon not‘ a deep violet; in fact there is noth- ing to equal it in plant life, I ima- gine. sil- Humphpey navy once sully- sed the flour made from been: 0i this species and found that 0M ilfousand parts of flour ykldfld 57° car's of nutritive matter. of which m were mucllage and starch. 100 gluten, and 4i extract. It was ills opinion, based on these findinzl- that the flour of beans was mo" nutritious than that of oats, but wa, not as digestible. The usual way, however, of preparing broad beans for food ls not by milillll. but by simply boiling ille seeds till they are tender: in that state thily usually accompanied boiled hsm lo the table, Not everybody iikF-l broad beans at first; a small min- llliiy must acquire the taste lor iheln, and s still smaller minority Rivet them altogether. Those who acquire the taste, like most con- verts are apt to overdo it. I knew vi a case where s youth, after sev- eral helpings of broad beans, devel- llllvd a severe case of colic. Beans "l! a grand food. but "strong". As far as I can gather Broad Beans are not often grown in this tountry. partly (I thlnkl because of the drier climate, and partly l!’ "use of insect pests. The seeds "ill-at be planted early, as already "lied, about four in-l es apart and M less than two inches deep; if bore than one row is crown the "W! must be three feet apart. When the sappy young plants sp- llll’ above ground they quickly at- tract the attention of thgcutworrns Who are very fond of them. In a gar- ‘lfll one mavcounte thecutworrns by encircling the plants w"l- ‘half- ml“ for a time: that is, salmon or "her caps cut down. "rese must be liken off ihe plant when ihc stemS Ilt hard. Pretty soon w-e plant will "ole "met-rs" at the base of the “"11; and it is good practice to re- move the-e: so lllV the “Milli-Sh car- ‘hmll- Ti the summer should be g?! another insect enemv 1s the m: the ants will tsp the stems ‘l sround level. to dring the juice. a! a cicl-‘rice forms. the elem is hlllfll at a d'fferent pilc- every m! till it may be girdled Bed evflllh: but the ants have habit ll wars»: they carry green ap- m‘ ""1 Mature item on the roots °lll=o hem snd they-carry black llphldt; ttoththe succulent slow e. e summit. when the first sign of the “black dolphin" (Willa) llllleara. the English but. taper lnips off three luau... o, m from the top of his broad beans: lglfwlns that the tougher stems 0W are hot as attractive to the peat. A good top-dressing with g 33ers! quantity of wood ashes will "Wise the root pests and invi. 80x15?‘ the beans. mllly Wars since the Broad Bean seed, ans al.1333112,‘? Mlffd to be very mixed "pom-l. flee» Most b: the ma, coujal“ed one or two beans. and s very few had three seeds. Only m, "mun" were saved for seed and the pro. wla Was continued till thrm be- came the normal number in the pod. Ten or eleven years on to mag have made four beans in the pod quite common, with natlrc spun- l"! l. "five' sometimes: out s check to the growfn of the puma, m. a bad 595W" "my cause a throwback to a lower number. There is a par- able in that if one only us: gnQugh imllinllilln to give it form. I have gone rather closely into the culture of the Broad Bean, in. "ll-R. first it is a nutritious and "Qty 100d: and second. because r hope to have a. little, a vary llflflg, h-‘Bh class seed to give away in the fall. 8o preserve this now, i1 you are interested. young NOTES ON ISLAND PLANTS The Cucurbltanoup, This Family takes its name from Cllellrbiin. an ola Latin name for I. cucumber or sump m“ o; a Eourd. Strictly speaking this '5 not a cucumber country, for, sill-ouch We c"! Brow them easily enough in our summer season, their seeds "mot lltund our winter, and must b0 “pt in a frost-pile»! piuce till next Plllllllllit time. Our Balsam Apple or Wild Cucumber. Echln oeyatls lobatl. the only one of the family claimed as naturalized, has no such failing, but seems origin- ally to have escaped from some Borden, and to have reproduced it- lfilf by self-sown seeds. The plant is exuberant in growth when givcn the advantage of rich moist soil. and is often used for covering trellis, arbors. and similar struc- tures. The hard flat seeds were strung together for beads by the American Indians. The plant itself was known to the Olllahas as "Watsngtha." which means i|.-.e "Ghost melon." The CIDIDIIIIIIIIOOII The wonderfully numerous "Fue- bell family" has, strange to say. but one representative in this Pro- vince; the Creeping Bellflower. Cunponuls. rspnncllloldes. It was found by Prof. Herbert Groh. when he made a Weed survey of the Is- land in 1928. It is the rootstock that does ii:e creeping, by means oi subterranean stolons. The rather slender stem may reach a height of two feet and - bears a one-sided (secund) raceme of large bright blue flowers, the lowest of which opens first. (It is necessary to notice this as some species are very similar in appearance, but the top- most flower opens first). The home of this bellflower was originally in western Siberia. KERGUELEN ISLAND If you take a lnsp of the world and examine the space between the southern tip of Africa and the south polar regions. you will find several groups of islands forming an irregular chain. These are Prince Edward Island, with its companion Marion 1a.; crozet Is.; Amsterdam 1a.: and 5t. Paul Is. Below Amsterdam 1a.. lies Kergue- len fs.. snd still further south Mc- Donald Is. Moat of these are in- eluded in the British Empire. though it is probable that they have no permanent inhabitants. Admir- alty and other soundings have proved that below these islands lies a high submarine plateau. of which the islands Wemselves are the higher peaks, that have escaped the general subsidence at some prehistoric date. Proof of this is to be found in the similarity in the flora and fauna. of the islands: and it l.s remarkable that their vegeta- tion has an affinity with that of Africa, as Bir J. D. Hooker long ago pointed out: if anything it msembles that of South Amerlcal Kerguelen Island has many re- mains of petrified folests, mute evidence of a warmer climate than it now possesses. rt is plainly vol- canic in its origin, and indeed an active crater and some Izot springs ere said to exist on the south-west of the island. But the climate is not now favorable in permanent vegetation and Kerguelen. when first discovered (i772 was given the altemetive name of Desolation Is- land, by which it is still occassi ally ltnowmft lies within the belt of s constant "rainy season“: it has no drying winds. and its tempera- ture ls kept down bv the presence of a vast expanse of sea and the cold Antarctic drift. Tempests snd squalls are frequent, and the weather ls rarely calm. Wiih all there disadvantages. Sir J. D. Hooker found twenty-seven species of flowering plants, snd perhaps two hundred species of ferns. . snd lichens. maintaining themselves on "Desolation Island." Bird life, being undisturbed by animals or humans. abound; and some of the species are sliid to be peculiar to the island. There are many forms of insect life. but the maintain only animals able to f6 t NE Y NA TURE N O TES i By Stuart t’. Thompson "IN CLOVER" “NOW. we are 1n clover.’ Whey- W" ‘hi8 Saying may have come 1mm. there never was a time wnen it was more true than these mid- “mm” diys of July. when We think of clover, our Ill-lids 7941311 a tlumble little plan's with lie head of florets and the "llwlllld orransemehl Of leaflets ""1 Perhllps. the strange whimsi- cal sllilerstitlon of the four-leafed clover which has caused many a childish search for this symbol o: good luck. Little do the happy finders realize that this much. WlIQ-t-for trophy is really a freak 0! nature. for the authentic ciovel is so obviously divided into three that it has become an emblem of the Trinity. It is said that when Balm p“- rick visited Ireland h; was 011g; pressed to explain his doctrine of the Tfilllily. Stooping down he pick- ed a leaf from it plant at ills feet and held it up. It is generally be. lieved that this plant was a sham- rock, ancl ever since we have had the three-leafed shamrock as the emblem of the Emerald Isle. I Suppose had it happened that the good saint had found at his {ecu a clover plant and held its leaf aloft, then the countrys emblem would have been the OIOVGP-With equal significance. There are in Canada many Species of clover. The best known ls perhaps the beautiful red clover. Whole acres are grown for fodder. so that its large purplel railzer thal. red, flowers and ample foliage is u common sight throughout the country. Another common variety is alslke clover. Idke red, it is cultivated ex- tensively. but can be easily distin- gulshed from red by its rose-tinted flowers. Alslke is the most fragrant of the family. I recall one summer day driving along a road with an outdoor friend. Suddenly he ex- claimed "smell the alsike," and at that moment across the road iron it nearby field came rich sweet fra- grance of this clover as it might be a warm wholesome breath of a summer clay. Then there is white clover-a low pretty little plant wiill its white head-differing from the others in having its head of flowers on s separate stem instead of a leafv one. Two varieties of clover are known as hop clovers, and though they grow much the same as the others, their yellow flowers at once distin- guish them. But these are all summer clovers. rn September. on the hillsides and sandy glades is a low variety. It has no bright colors, but its tri- foliate leaves at once mark it as a variety. its most conspicuous characteristic is the woolly flower- heads which look like nothing so much as a rabbit's foot. Hence the apt name, rabbit's foot clover. And of course we ought to men- tion the sweet clovers, both white and yellow. those lofty weeds which grow so densely in neglected fifllfle. Though they are not really true clovers, we can at once see the family resemblance. There was a time not so long H80 when ll“? sweet clovers were considered b-ld weeds. but now are valued as en- sllage and harvested as aliph- would that we could find such im- portant use for all the luxuriant weeds which so abundantly encum- ber the land. Whether red. white. alsike. bop. rabbitb foot. or the so-cailed sweet clover, all have the same style of flowering; a head of tiny illeglllll‘ florets and the wellknown distinc- tive arrangement of three leaflet: on the stem. 5o it was by the mer- 9g}, grance that good Saint Patrick plucked and lifted up to fame the insignificant little-known sham- rock, instead of the useful extensive family which we now know as the ' clovers. themselves. are marine. "fill ll seals, sea leopards and sea ele- phants, 1g is doubtful whether these animals exist in any numb" now, since the Island is a resort of the whalers. a notoriously destruc- tive folk. These visit the island to renew their water supply, from its gprlngg and in nrocure the Kergue- len Island Cabbage. (Prinfllefl Ell- tiscorbutlcal whose spliciilc "time commemorates its use slain-ii “l” old-time scourge of the marine? scurvy. This plant looks like a ill‘- dm cabbage and is found in no offer part of the world. The island is of fair size. B3 mile! long snd '19 broad at its widest part. Many shipwrecks have occurr- ed in (m; region and some imes sailors have been forced to winiol’ on this inhospitable land. I hope to refer to the narrative of 5ll¢ll a castaway shortly. c. u. n. lu-zvcuuycs MONTREAL. Que-July 1e lrroes revenues for the dim July l4 as . as compared with 501 for the some lnchease of $9.409 week en Jam making allow it to rot _ -'f‘he all infill-live . Railways or ‘le Canadian National m. “m. were $5.494.- week of i940. An or one per cent LONDON-(CF-The govern- ment his appealed to oolllltfy women to take surplus fruit f0 centres rather than in the fields because of musllelsllt mu to pM-m it» TIMELY NOTES ON TOPICS CONN ECTED WITH r Kilver Fox Farming ' Fills ane very extensively and cheaply grown in California alzo have been highly recommended as an adjunct to the diet of silver fox- es. in certain parts of Russia. dur- lnsz the hot months dried fills some- times form the complete diet. so an experiment was undertaken to sce whether a fox could live on a diet of iizs. For test purposes a poly- zamous male fux was led 10o oer cent ration of dried fins for a per- iod of several months during which he grew a decent coat of durins the same test produced impe- if Quite a. controversy has been go- in: on as to whether the nesting of the sperm of a male with the microscope truly indicates potency or unpotency. Dr. Beth Osborne of Minnesota is of the opinion lhat the mason for finding dead sperm m the female may be due to an acid condition which will kill the sperm rapidly. A great manv doctors who have studied the causes of barpeuness humans out it clown to aci-ditv and Rive a treatment. of injections of o. solution of bicarbonate of soda. We understand experiments along this line have been carried out with val- uable foxes with the result they bred and produced litter-s. Rank Gauthier. whose mink are United States for pelt val show purposes. is of INS making whelplng very difficult. This may are fed. but in it. is not likely to be the case in the United there were 212.5% sliver W ln Canada was in the vicinry cf 160.000. Dr. Gassner of the Colonado Agri- cultural Coileae addressed a meeting of fur breeders in Denver recently. his sulblect being. “L055 of Pun; 1ft out that marked a long step tsivttrfs clarification of the subject. These facts were-that the primary cause for lcss of pups at birth or a few days at i.s due to a toxic condition of the female developed durinrz pregnancy and reachinliz lls climax at lVhéiDlTll» It further ap- pears that this toxemia ls developed uity elimin- out indi- io the point of rather acute constipation. It is easy to see that this acute condition might readily result in toxemia in the pups before birth and toxic milk in the vixen. either of which might be fatal to the pups, and if both there would be s. very slim chance for the pups to survive. F‘u.r- ther steps were brought out that KBVE reason to substantiate this conclusion. namely: certain vixens wheiplnlz towards the last e-rld of the ministered a laxative oil and ut 30rd a laxative diet prior to whielpill normlal utters. Dr. Cassner pointed out that final conclusons cannot be arrived at us:- til anchor breeding season. It ap- pears, “IOWCVGY. to be s nutritional problem where ingredients in the ration may be so seriously unplaced in ratio that the result is fauitv elimination in varying dleszrees. It does not appear that pun losses were g-peater from proven breeders than narlcy be fed a ration that promotes free and normal elimination. This is _iust plain common sense. A more simplified diet in feeding would be better. Manlv diets are entirely Cgfllsfillilfii. with the net result-con- f on. Carleton Deederer of Miami. n World. states that human grey hair can be restored to black or natur- z I W uld b f ch m&m$."“““% lain be a a lo the loxes’ diet. w prov in be well to look out. for them and that considered among the tops in the or the opinion ma» loo much Rround green bone m; therefore admitted that vitamin B the ration during the gestation per- iod is liable to produce oversize klls l Probably both vitamins have some- . be true in some fox ranches les case of scientists lust well where large quantities of bone conclusions. this province whole; most. of the meat; are cold storage! Recent surveys of the fur lndustryi llesola. and ale slung the States S1113) that italtesooiré the I-‘gggral ogurtl , s 010-: ‘za .u amazes ause t ey c am cluced _durinz‘1940. It is‘ es imated mat the govermnenticci; and gale that. tnle production of sliver iCXfS llear martini: llas vlltualiy lulll d, Birth." in which facts were brought season on some ranches where the and everyone of us should endeavor losses have been heavy were ad- to cull out our poorer grades. g. before our minds so that when noir- these vixens came through withi moaéld times come back we will have a from pup vixens. The suggestion was offered that fur farmers should to see to at vinens dur-inn preg- shark oil which is very rich in vlt- amin A. The Doctor found that lack of vitamin A was found to be associated with grey hair in every case studied. sometimes the reserve i of vitamin A is de ieled due to ln-i fectiqns. When s is the case the adnlinlstradon of shark oil removesl the cause. The test was made wl..h a vitamin A scope in the following manner-A person's vision was ex- aosed to a bright light and the time‘ taken for the vision to return lo normal after shutting off the bright light exposure compared with this of nolrrrlai vision which would be about four of lack Of iency had dosages of the oil were adminisifiwed, The above may not. interest LS because we are not looking for black on our sliver foxes DBMIGIIIBIW. but _ lsno question that a defic- iency of vitamin A 19308 to serious trouble viilh SUVGII‘ foxes such as l:l- tiamlrlatlon of the eyes, nervous twitching of the head and other manifestations. We thin-is the first indications of such a. deficiency are ‘e . but it wouiltxi they appear one would have to feed cod llver oil. potent in vitamin A, vegetables such as carrots and other vitamin A factors. _ Last winter we remember reading where a iadv doctor ln California had carried out experiments with foxes in which she deprived them of vllamln B with the result that they showed no dark characteristics. in lact were of a platinum type. it was was the factor controlling aoey hail". tninz t0 dowlt-hlt, orltmaybea lumping at D. Gantanbein and sons operate a. muskrat farm near RBQWVIIIR. Mill- ' United I01‘ .nelr MJJCJUIIE property and lnev areappeailng llle award of an a".l-= ornzsai commission in a. condemns-i lion suit before the United States‘ ustrlot court. At the annual meeting of tile Mink nheeoers Association of the unltecibtetes held lll Chicago, a discussion took the llllcs of llcldillg , (AJWII production. It was slated that I-ho one l-hlnlz which gives value l0 mink is the excluslveness of the art/isle. If this is disturbed by over- producticn the value will be lower- ed to an unpredictable point. rilat ils what happened to silver fox. i ‘lherelore the expansion of one mink industry should be in the pro- o-uctlom cf better average quality ln- soead of in the production of great- er numbers of pelts The higher producliorl of mediocre pelts by tile industry creates a. factor of self de- DE-LOUSE FOXES With bloc . II One-Spot O l a" FieaKlller sill-iii 1’, Crnbllce A stance: upueronollcsror- Ienleu loathe Bert Avely. a synopsis of which was given l.n lflééfi (fllwlllls a few weeks iqglJ —- umauer ulgduuzaomn fund Abel ancll management —- Points a rlatllluln breeder should (.10DSl(lBI‘-— Vitamin A uolldileilcy m. buyer rui- €S-—&“u.l‘ r-‘arm Organization Work ln r-ldlncuun -- mo... nuilielfls ‘— are some cl the leaulru; articles in tilts line publication. ‘lnere are many flood cuts cf foxes. mostly wnlle- raoe. platinum types and advertise- ments ov the lemma. breeders of ullese new crosses. amonl them our friend. A K. "Ollie" lvIcNeiil. rur of udlli-Mlb address ls lvlclnvyle B11110 mg. Winnipeg. During the last few dams we met a nunlber of ranchers who wore a very happy expression. They were customers of the P. E. I. Fur Pool l..ld.. aummierslde. and had received checks from. tnat organization sign- ed by Peter U. Clark. its President. we understand the payments weir for bells stripped to London. Petunia of which leoentiy came through ai- tnough the goods were dis of sometime mo. bome checks that landed in the vicinity of Charlotte- town snowed individual pelts sold lor over $80. Nice work Peter! Congratulations to George A. Callback on the showing moxie by ills three veal" old pacer Jack Clyde. wno furnished one of the biggest surprises of the Kenslnlzton race meet. Wednesday when heyromped home til-e first heat m 2.245;, which incidentally places him in Lile standard list 101‘ lxlcel-s. No one had any idea that this beautiful young pacer could tramp in anylhinél 11K that notch. He received all nls braininiz and was driven by owner George. SPRINGFIELD W. I. The June meeting of the Spring- field W. 1. was held at the holme cf Mrs. Clarence l-laslam The presid- ent. Mrs. A l-Ilzziies presided and opened the meeting with the Club Wcmnns Creed. Roll call was ans- wered by i8 members passing in blocks for a refugee quilt. and theze were three visitors present. Minutes of previous meeting were read and adopted. Report of District Nurses‘ visit to the school was head also correspond- ence from Empire ‘Tea Co and lnsd- lute Dept. It was decided to serri for sc-me recipe bcoks arnd Mrs._F W. E. Haslam and Mrs. N. J Sui- clalr were appointed delegates to tile annual meeting. After some discussion it was de- cided to purchase material for nullts. etc.. and Mrs. George Haslaln invited the members to meet at her home for a quilting the following Wednesday. ‘Ilsa. committee. Hostess. lvfrs. ll‘. W E. Haslam, Mrs. R. E. Howard and Mrs. Irving Hasla Mrs. Ernest Haslarn Institute for July meeting. Program SDYUCDIOII. expand production. next few years are going to be very reasonable to expect that they would be verv highly profitable ones. Bath keep- in: the idea of improvement ever ll herd to expand with if expan- slcn seems the proper thing. Omar Eraser-Larsen of Norway. who introduced Norwegian platinum foxes to the United States. is plall- ning to become a citizen of the U. S. A. He will be a valuable citizen to acquire as he has whet it takes to make fox pelts famous. Fur of Canada. published in Win- . It number and is a credit to the nub- ilshers. There is a splendid article by Dr. R. l-I. MacDonald giving ad- vice to platinum breeders. an ar- ticle on Deficiency Diseases of Fox- es Produced by Feeding Fish. We bleéxieve the fish referred to is fresh by feeding vitamin B contained in Brewers veast. The disease is known the Medical as inkigizoradnle ig°3tii§“tr§%“u§’€§‘ gt 2d Ar Mode Fox M tati b eoua a ms- rn u ons. . ’ v Ifiildifii Eilfiiliiléiiiéiiéiidlill BRINGING UP FATHER Chastek paralysis and is mani- fested bv total or partial loss of use od hind le|zs--Ma-rket Requirements Mink Men Hear the Call 'i—"' M . What ls true or mink is true of mf§ee_ sliver fox breeding. We should en- and Mm deavor to lmmove our herds rather can A book r have mm from ma“ l'° The Ca-rneeie Li-brary" committee. Mrs. Ernest I-Iasl-aun and Dunninz. Refreshment oom- I-Icst-ess Mrs. J. B. MacKav Walter MacKerlzie. file] Program consisted of contest out critical ocnes and it would be un- m b‘, M“ Huzhgg and pflzg won bv Mrs. George Haslam and Mrs. Ernest Haslam. Meeting closed with National Anthem and lllnch was served bv 't_h_ose in charizg. ‘IEIELTIIIEFEIEIIETQIEIEILEF WOOL WANTED Sllip your wool to CONDONS WOOLLEN MILLS Charlottetown And receive highest mar- ket price. Money paid on receipt of wool. Wool must be well washed, all burdocks and dirt picked out. Freight paid on 100 pounds. m. invited the i - CONSERlYLATION I l WEEKLY COLUMN OF PRACTICAL OPINIONS OP THI: VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE USES AND ABUSE-S 0F NATURAL RESOURCES Bl’ MIL LUDDOW JENKINS IAESHFIELI). tcrs. Wllell they learned of tlic con- dition of the birds, many spons- men refrained from further shoot- ing, but many others, disregarding the ethics of sportsmanship, con- tinued day after day to snoot the weakened birds. Willie Federal game-management personnel was not adequate to cover the on’. re area, biologists of the Survey, game management agents, nnd the regional director concentrated their activities in Louisiana. Very little of the killing was found to be ille- gzli, although reports were received that the birds were being 501d on the streets. It was obvious, however, that the loss was very heavy, and as the northward migration got under way all field personnel of tile Bureau wcze instructed to maintain a close watch and to report their findings. Reports to the number of l2 were received from ilie Atlantic and Mississippi Fiyways. Only 9 of the observers could detect any increase over the spring flight of 1939, w le 29 reported decreases, usually heavy, The remaining 34 observers could detect no change but, signi- ficantly, most of them are situated in areas where the species is never common. WOODCOCK Nulnerlcally, Woodcock hunters are far below those who hunt for ducks and geese. This is fortunate, as the ‘timber doodle," like other shorebirds, is single-breaded, nests on the ground, and lays only tour eggs. Its nesting preferences sub- ject it to many natural enemies and to the vagaries of weather con- dltions. It has a somewhat limited range, chiefly east of the Mississ- ippl River. Although known to breed in Iloulslana and other southen States, most of tile birds are produced on nesting grounds in Penlliylvania, New York, New Elig- land and the Maritime Provinces. It ls an anomaly of distribution, probably not generally known, ihcl. during the winter months in. species is heavily concentrated il Louisiana and western Mississippi. A few may be found at that season also ln Florida. Georgia, the Caro- linas, and even as far north as the ‘Potomac River, but probably as much as '15 percent of the popula- 'tion is concentrated in tile lower Mississippi Valley. The situation is parallel to iiiat of the blue goose, and Louisiana is the custodian of both these valuable species in win- Pnriiclllal-iy important are the May reports from tile cooperative research stations Ln Pennsylvania. and Maine, where tile woodcock is a major subject of investigation. The breeding grounds studied by those units showed decreases oi 40 and 37.5 percent, respectively, under the populations of 1939. The biolo- gist of the Atlantic Flyway. work- ing in New Brunzlvicll, Nova scotla, and Prince Edward Island, reported a. someuLat reduced population in that, important, breeding district. In a few areas, notably in New York, reports were received of llor- mal numbers of woodcock. It can- not be denied, however, that the i940 breeding population of this species has been redllzxd through a combination of hunting and ab- normal weather conditions. ter. Tile fail flight of Woodcock, in 199, was good and it appeared that the supply of birds was up to. or even above, the average for the past few years. Then came the ab- normal weather conditions of Jfiil- unry 1940, with snow and freezing weather extending deep into the South, even to the Gulf coast. In southern Louisiana the ground was reported frozen 1n many places to a depth of 3 inches, and lliis con- dltion persisted for 10 days or long- er. For a bird that obtains its food by probing in soft ground these conditions could only prove disastrous. Unfortunately, this oc- curred at the time of the open sea- son in that state, January i to 31. As a result. in addition to untold numbers of birds that unquestion- ably dled of starvation, hundreds were killed in bag limits by hun- (To Be Continued) Having and Spraying ‘iii- The prospects of good crops and HIGH PRICES are better ihan for many years and the question of help, on account of the war, is becoming acute. The farmer, therefore should pay particular attention to his farm implements this year. For those who have a B Tractor we have a mounted mower which merits inspection. For those who use -horses we have a few recon- diiloned mowers in excellent condition. Also a few new 9 ft. 8: 10 ft. rakes at attractive prices. Our line of new sprayers consists of 200 gal. 6 row; 100 gal. 4 and 6 row at last _vear’s prices. We have also a few used 100 gal. 4 row Hall sprayers, thoroughly reconditioned in our own factory, at bargain prices. CALL AND IN- SPECT. THE HALL MFG. 00., LTD. Summerside and Charlottetown By George McMan us r- i EVESSTILL no m; g-tooo- THEREIS NQTHN L||<E_rl'E Al? N ' u-rlzvroe Aw WELL- MAY? MAGGIE l5 _ T HERE fieéfieefoTifiv w»... ’wusu rr was A novels rr HAD NO-ER unsel- on Atoll-ES on @1555? / gigiéis vvé j BEEN HEKZE- SUPELV. VOL! MEHMAIDS H-M FAN COULD LEARN SOME- EX-TADPOLE ?