THE GUARDIAN Pllbllnbod ovary wont-day morning II In Prince street. Chm lonelown. P E. l.. by The Thomson Company Limited. 'Coven Prince Edwul lllnnl Lilo the now" Editor and Manner. in A Burnett. Associate Editor. Fran: Walker lunch offlcu at Summenide. Monluun and Alberlnri Author ind no second Cllll Hall by Inc Past Ofllco Department. Ottawa. n. summer-aide H500 per nnnum Elu- l9.0U. Other Province: and U S A. Illtiu per nnnum. ”'l'he strongest memory In weaker than the weaken ink." I! Carrier: Uuu thin in P. E. l TUESDAY. OCT. 26, 1954 closing Ranks This week the non-Communist world is more like a well bound bundle of faggots and less like a lot of easily broken twigs than at any time in the past. The series of agreements signed at Paris have yet. to be ratified by the 17 Western Allies but the various governments having reached agree- ment. it is probable that ratification will not he withlicld. There is certain to be pressure from Communist sources, indeed it has alread,x begun. to distract attention from the need for solidarity. Glittering prospects will cer- taiiily be held out to the various nations in, the hope that they will drop the ininied- iate pursuit of a united front in favour of generous promises of overall settlement. guarantees and sweet reasonableness in the matter of armament. It has not been easy in the past to re- sist Communist propaganda with its peace motif, even although Red actions were so flagrantly at variance with their words. It will be at least equally hard to resist the intensified siren songs which will try to be- guile the free world into dropping the solid the same period from 24 per cent tg 22.6 per cent last year. The reason for this decrease is reveal- ed by the amounts of individual fooch: which can be purchased with one hour's in- dustrial wages. Thus the amount of milk purchasable in 1939 and in 1953 with one hour's wages, increased from 4.4 to 6.4 quarts. In 1939 it would purchase 5.2 (24- ounce) loaves of bread and 7.5 loaves in 1953. For flour the increase was from 13.8 to 17.9 pounds; butter, 1.7 to 21 pounds; cheese, 1.8 to 2.1 pounds; round steak, 2.1 to 1.8 pounds; blade roast, 2.9 to 2.6 pounds; pork loin, 1.8 to 1.9 pounds; bacon, 1.4 to 1.6 pounds; peaches, 3.4 (15-oz.) tins to 6.7 tins; peas, 3.6 (20-oz.) tins to 6.4 tins; eggs, 1.4 dozens to 2 dozens; po- tatoes, 2.2 (10-lb.) bags to 3.5 bags. For the most part, therefore, and ex- cepting only beef, wages in manufacturing industries have risen more rapidly than have food prices. This of course is a fact well known to our farm producers; but it is important to have it on record in an of- ficial economic survey. Political Phrases It is interesting to trace the origin of political words and plir-uses which have come into such general use that they are now accepted as part of the language. In its current issue the (US) Democratic! Digest attempts to do this. Here are a fewj examples as quoted by the Ottawa Journal: Some 80 years ago a Republican Secre- tary of State, John Sherman, returned from a visit to Ohio, was asked by reporters if .5-,g, . an: A M” Nswsiren-.1. elec-izrfffcation -takes another J .g' , A Rural -. ..-:-.-...- -- , St: ride M sewnd major extension if-F5 gear: .';.' 'Froni'iersman 1 KC . 4: te- . g u . ,?:Qg?-1,, , . i-:u.',v "gT;:'x'-' of - J BAV ' :- arupr 1- 4” . .9 ,. .k.., 7lIp'O,' t he intended running for Governor of that State. ”No," he replied, ”I was only in Ohio to repair my fences and look after The Public Forum one of the lnlny problem fac- ing educators and everybody em who in at all interested in educat- ion is the present overcrowded conditions in schools on all levels. and especially in colleges and unl- versities. Every year more and more young persons are graduating from high schools and hoping to start the long and arduous road 1-0 higher education. some of these are brilliant, some are dull; but the great. majority are Just. average students who are anxious to EN ahead and who hope, if all goes well, to enter one or other of the t 's l 1 or academic professions. This perhaps is not the best motive for seeking higher learning, but. it. is a practical one, and long usage has nwde it respectable as well as fashionable. Moreover, many students who start. out from utilit- arian motives manage to cultivates love for learning for its own sake somewhere along the way; and that, of course, makes them bet.- tcr doctors, lawyers. enzineers. teachers, business men, agricultur- aists. and so on. Everything would be wonderful, or at least, tolerable, only for the sad fact that most colleges in these days simply don't. have the class- room opuce to accomodate the ris- ing flood of applicants, nor 'J1e teachers to ensure adequate in- struction. The shortage of properly trained teachers is an especially acute problem. In fact, I read somewhere the other day that in the United States, unless the situ- ation improves Very considerably in the next. few yearn-actually it seems to be getting worse instead of better-about half of the col- leges and schools oi one kind and another will have to close their doors by 1970. If. is hard to credit this in an age when popular edu- cation has taken on the status of a fetish: but that is how the stat- rage 4 The Passing Scene 3; Observer EDUCATION AND DR. BUSH '1ect.usi freedom. which in am of the things the free world u trying to protect against commun- ist assault, entitles Dr. Bush to iii: views; but he known. as well as anyone, that he is fighting against the goods of public opinion which, in the demwraiic world at any rate, demands equal opportunltlea for all. And. even if the intellectual caste-system were adopted, there Ls no guarnntee that it. would walk even within its own small limits. It. isn't easy to understand, bu: it often happens that the near- genlus of Freshman days turns into a less than average academic pro. duct at the end of his senior year, Conversely, it 5 not unusual for a dull matriculant to head his class at the endof the term. Good things still come out of Nazareth. The race is not. always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. The Age Old Story The Lord is the portion of mlm inheritance and of my cup: thou malntalnest my lot . . . Thou will shew me the path of life: m thy presence Is fulness of joy; at thy right hand there one pleasures for evermore. CANCER CELLS nanny TORONTO (CP) - Cancer cells transplanted to live mice from other mice that had been killed in a firecontinucd to grow in six out of 16 cases. how hard it is to kill a tumor," said Dr. W. R. Franks of the Uni- ”lt just shows you vcrsity of Toronto, who described the incident to the Canadian Phys ological Society, now here. in session ”Finding a cure that will The Guardian kill the cancer without killing the gains of unity for the illusory promises of the Communists. When the newly attained unity has been confirmed by formal ratification it will be time enough to negotiate with Moscow for a permanent solution to the problems oi living in a world that has become too small for the luxury of wars in any quar- ter. Food Marketing Margins A study recently published by the Economics Division, Canada Department of Agriculture, concludes that of Canada's 63.5 billion annual food bill about three-quarters was expended for food originating on Cana- dian farms. ”It is estimated," says the re- rt, "that about half of the retail value of d originating on Canadian farms is ab- sorbed in transforming the product and in placing it in the hands of the consumer, Whereas the other half goes to the farmer for his production. Thus, returns to farm- nrs from the sale of food to Canadian con- sumers, provide a large part of total farm income, probably about one-half in recent years." The report emphasizes the close rela- tionship existing between the costs of mar- keting farm products and the general level pf wages and of material costs in Canada. Costs are also affected by the volume of sales. Farm prices are related not only to the general Canadian price level, but fleet production in Canada as well as In other countries. ”Export markets," we are told, ”excrt a strong influence on the determination of farm prices. BOCEIUSC marketing costs are more rigid than farm prices. changes in prices at retail are read- ily reflected in the proportion of the retail dollar that is received at the farm." Thus, while marketing costs increased 16.1 per cent from the end of 1949 to the end of 1033, the level of wages and sal- aries rose 37 per cent, as compared with a rise. in the cost of industiial materials of 6.6 per cent. The farm share of the consumer's doi- lar, as a percentage of the retail price, is given for 12 commodities over the 1949-53 period. The variation in this share is very striking and, of course, varies as between different products. The farm share for creamery butter is the highest of the 12 and reached 79 per cent ir. 1951, as com- pared with 76 per cent in 1950. Other pro- ducts, such as Grade A large eggs, also Show a high percentage of the consumer's .,lollar going to the farmer-in this case 6.-from 72 to 79 per cent. For good quality beef the producer got from 58 per cent- in 33953 to 65 per cent in 1950. For fluid milk, his percentage varied from 53 per Mont in 1953 to 56 per cent in 1949. For , tatoes the variation was from 41 per cent it - 1953 to 65 per cent in 1952. On the A ' 1- scale of percentages the farmer re- iaived only from 15 to 18 per cent of the i-5Q3gumer's dollar spent for white bread. if-om 14 to 17 per cent of expenditure. for mm com, from 27 to 35 per cent for gmin processed cheese, and from about 19 w'22 per cent for such canned products "peaches, tomatoes and peas. , 'Genu-ally speaking, per capita annual , ture for food in Canada has in- waned from 8156.50 in 1935 to 3254 in 1953: Total expenditure for food increased aupmg the some period from 3791 million 'mmion. Strangely enough, how- fhcu very substantial dollar the percentage of disposable in- -- - for Song. .o-Urn -v- neglected property.” That was the beginning of ”mending their political fences." From the racetrack and its followers came a lot of political language; race, fav- orite, runner-up, bolt the ticket, scratched ticket, dark horse, etc. From the card table came such words as stand pat, new deal, fair deal, and so forth. In pioneer days a stump was Often the rostrum of candidates, preachers, and pat- ent medicine vendors. Hence the term ”a stump speech." "Hustings" was derived from two Anglo- Saxon words meaning house and assembly; originally it denoted a council of a Royal POTATO lBOARD'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Sir.-eln considering a financial statement. and the auditors re- port. of any organization it must be remembered that it is not the duty of the auditor to prepar: the statement, but rather to nun it the books. '14 summary of which is shown in the financial statement. Should the auditor find anything out of order it is his duty to make. reference to such in his report. In practice an auditor will, should he find any irregularity, bring it to the ai- tentinn of t h 9 management: should the irregularity not be corrected by the management, the auditor should make reference to household and later a court held in Eng- lish towns before Royal magistrates. The first busting was actually a platform in the, London Guildhall. 5 An imaginary German Baron Roorbacli claimed that in a tour through the South-- ern states he had come across an encamp- ment of slaves, some 43 of them marked with a brand to show they were the pro- perty of James K. Polk. a presidential can-l didate. There was no truth in the story,l and though it was played up by Polk's op-l ponents during the final days of the cam-' paign it failed to lose him the presidency. That was the beginning of ”a roorback", unfortunately still with us. I Almost equally interesting, adds Thcl Journal, is the origin of political titles, names, slogans that have come down to us from the past, their origin unknown of doubtful. ”Tory," applied to Conservativesl by their opponents, was the name of Irishj outlaws in the bogs. ”Whig” was a term; of equal opprobrium, having to do with murder and treason. EDITORIAL NOTES One-third of every Canadian's earnings is estimated to arise from foreign tradew either directly or indirectly. That in itself should give pause to those who think that this country can by any means live unto; itself or be prosperous in a high-tariff eco- nomy. I I I This Province has a greater claim om the basis of need for power from atomic energy than has Nova Scotia which Dr.f Eugene Forsey considers to have firsli priority. Unfortunately. however. the have-l not Provinces will have to wait as power-l rich Ontario is slated for the first atomic installation. I O 0 William Hogarth, painter and engraver, died this date 1764. He is chiefly known as a satirist on canvas. and as such has never been surpassed. He was essentially an engraverh however, and it may be ob- served that nearly all of the 85 of his known drafts refer to prints rather than pictures. If he was the creator of the first comic book, then that art form has a dis- tinguished originator. ! 0 Her Majesty the Queen will lead the people of the Commonwealth in paying homage to the fallen of two wars when she lays her wreath on the Cenotaph in Whitehall and takes part in the Remem- brance Day Service in London on Sunday. The Queen will be accompanied by her hus- band His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh on this occasion of solemn ceremonial. Representatives of the Com- monwealth and members of the British Government will be present at this service and ceremony. . ' -i 6' .:':... -....4-i georrcct. subject to the it in his report. In considering the lil1.'ilI('iI1l statements of the P. E. 1. Potato Marketing Board three things hereunder mark:-(I A. B and C must be borne in mind, viz: (A) A minute passed at. an ex- ecutive ineeling of the Potato Promotion Committee held on November 15, 195). read: ”Umler in Minute of the Pn- gtato Industry Promotion Commit- itce of January 15 the Conimittci approved of loaning the P. E. l Potato Marketinyz Board a sum not to exceed 510,000.00 from tn) fuiuls available to the Potato Pro- motion Committee. 31000.00 o: itliis had already been secured by the Board. and 1! meeting of th-' iixecutive was called to consider the loaning of the additional 55. 000.00 making up the total o.' 310,000.00 at the present time. "After a thorough discussion at the niattvr it was n::rerd unani- mousiv that an addition.-ii amour. of 55,000.00 be loaned to the ll Ii). I. Potato Marketing Board. but only on the distinct understand- in: and agreement that. the ful' Sl0.000.00 loaned to the Boarzl would be paid hack into the fumi- nf the Pnltttn Industry l"rrimotinn Ccmmittrr for purpri.-es as nui- lined in the lmgislation and terms of reference under which the sail Committee has been appointed.” llrlrfly this means that th- Sl0,000.00 was I loan and that it would be A liability ol the Boar" until such time as It was X'O,'1.'iitl IBW Mr. George liitsnn, Mew her for First Queens, asked in tho Locislalure in March. 105-1: 1. "Did the P0l'Ift'! Industry Pro motion Covmniltre malrc nzrrcmrnl. verb-ll m .-,1h.-H-, with the P. F.. 1. Potato Market- ing l3o:ii'd that the 510.0000 loaned by the fnrmrr to the ht- lcr during tin fiscal wv-rs end"-' March .".l. 1951 and 1032, or :in' p1rt M if, ncerl not be rr,vi1lrl'.' 2. "hill the Pnlaln lndtislri Promotion Committee nirvkn nn- nfzrcemrnt. verbal or nthrrviist with the P. E. 1. Potato .'il1rke: in: Board that the 310000.00 ri- fcrrcd to in Question 1. or an- nzirt pail of it. need not be re lurned in the Committee by tli. Flnarrl should the money he spcm by the latter in a manner agree- able to the Committee?" The answer to both questions. by the Hon. Minister of Agricul- ture was "No". His re.-ply indicat- ed that no promise or agreement had been made with the Polar-2 Board that the loan would cease to he a liability of thr Board '11! til paid. (C) A paragraph contained in :- lctter dated September 29. 1954. from H. R. Donne 3: Co. to tin Potato Marketing Board reads: "At your suggestion, we review- :-rl our references on I numbt" of items covered in our nnnual auditor's report: for the last fou: years. and we find that our com- ments were based rm in review of mimites of the Board maetlnzs and correspondence In your files" The, letter in full was read bx Mr. Donald A MacDonald in th-. Forum on the evening of Sep tember 29. 1954. when making reference to A letter in the press on the some day over my signa- ture. It gives the source of somv. information reflected In com- ments contained in the auditorrt reports. It may now be well to refer to the Board's statement for each year and the auditor's report rov- o,i-ing. Each financial statement cnrrlel I notation signed by the- auditor: which reads "Ccrtlficd attached BOARD CHAIRMAN REPLIES T0 MR. MACAULAY Sir,-I wish to thank Mr. D. F. Macaulay of Sourls for having clarified in today's issue of the Guardian the request contained in his letter of October 21st and directed in part. to me. For the inf ormatlon of Mr. Macaulay and otihers who are duly licensed producers, dealers, assemblers or truckers, and there- by entitled to such information, the Potato Marketing Board is publishing in full the financial st.at,enien-is and reports for the years ending May 31st, 1951, i952 incl 1953 as prepared by their nud- Llors, H. R. Donne and Company. ti similar statement for last year fias aliiomdy been published in .he press. The statements and 1'0- gorts which we are now publishing have. I understand, already been released to the public through the legislature of the province As far as the Potato Marketing Board is concerned each and every one of these financial statenients and reports is true and corrert tn the light of the Potato Board's known legal position at the time ;ucli statements were compiled. I am. Sir, etc. DONALD A. MacDONAI..D Chairman P.E.I. Potato Marketing Board. Sliaitlottetuiin, Oct. 25th. report. dated"-followed by the paragraph of each report rcatis: "Subject to the foregoing comments, w-:- report that. in our opinion, the dttaclicd l3al.ince Silent and ac- t.'ompan,vin: schedules are proper- ly drawn up so as to exhibit is true and correct virw of the Board": affairs as at May 315:, 1951 tor 1952. 195.1, 1954 as the case may bet, and of the oper- itin: results for the your cndml an that date, according to tlii best of our information, the ex- plunations given us, and as shown by the books of the Board." lln,nce the comments of tilt. auditor must he read in conjunc- Lion with the financial statement The financial statement. for tin- vcar ended lilay Ill, 1051, appears to he re,-;ular. The rovcriii: auri l0l"S 1'Pl)0I"., linwcver, contains ll ;i:ira:.'rapli rr-ailing: 'N(lvnncc from tlie Pntziln Pro- 'iuditor's ':nnti'in CoiuniIttr-r- nf thn l')rlil'll!- atom of Azririilliire, 53,000.00, is a sum recrtivcti from that Com- mittee out of the levy it collect cri hcforv: the Potato li'larkctin.: .3o:Ir(I was nr;',:iiil7.cll. As and wlicn Ilir Pntzito Promotion Coni- niItcc'.x' iii-r.rnt funds are spent all its work. the Potato Markct-- in: Board is to l'llllll'l1 the ex- )."ll'iltlll'CS by adding to the re- -'erve of 55000.00 until there is :1 ::-rvc of 525,000.00. Thus the zircsciil reserves of the Potato Prnmntinn Criinniillec will be re- placed by those nt' tho Palati- Marlzeling Board, when the (Tom- miltec's funds have been spent in promotional work. As of June 30th. 1951. the Board is to keep these funds In a separate bank account." What the auditor means is not entirely clear to me. It reflects. however, that, based on the in- formation available to the auditor. the answers by the Hon. Min- 15101" of Agriculture in the Leg- islature, sec 8 above. may not br- r-ntlrely correct. The paragraph as it whole reads more like the report that the Chairman of the Potato Board might make at the Board's annual meeting. It rip- wars to have very little to do with the annual statement: how- ever. it. supplies information that is not generally known. This end: my letter for today. Mr. Editor. In my next letter I will write on the annual report: of the Board for its last three fiscal years. I suggest that those- interestcd retain a copy of this icller since my next one. for the purpose of brevity, will make re- ferencn. to A, H and C above by letter rather 'hcn repeat. 1 am, Err, -ctc., ' ' AUSTIN A. SCALES Freetown. P. E. EASY TO SEE WORTHING. England (CPi - A circus joined in a road nfetv cam,- oaign in this Sussex town, provldl ing 50 elephant: to carry slogans. MUSIC I HEARD Music I heard with you was more than music. And bread I broke with you was more than bread: Now that I am without 3'0". 811 15 desolate: All that was once so beautiful is dead. Your hands once touched this table and this silver, And I have seen your fingers hold this glass. These things do not remember you. beloved. And yet. your touch upon them will not pass. For it was in my heart. you moved among them, And blessed them with your hands and with your eyes: And in my heart. they will remem- ber always,- They knew you once, 0 beautiful and wise. 1 -Conrad Aiken Old Charlottetown and P. I. L ABELL CAPE "This is the Eglinton Point of Holland, 1765, and Eglngton Point, of charts. A plan of Lot. 43 dated 181i shows Edward Abell with 51.1 acres and Patrick Pearce with 100 acres. Field Marshal Lord Town- shend (1724-1807) Isl. Marquess, commander in chief at the siege of Quebec after the death of Wolfe, was granted Lot 56 in 1767. Apparently also the family ac- quired land in Lot 43. The Town- shciid property was settled by Irish immigrants. Abell was the agent. He was killed-in 1819 by Pearce. nnc of the tenants, while harshly pressing for rent. "North of the cape. is Fortune Bay where H. M. S. Aeolus, in which Captain Marryat, the novel- ist, was a midshipman, lay for three weeks in the spring nt 1811. In his book called 'The Naval Of- ficcr,' Captain Marryat relates how after leaving Halifax, N. S., the frigate spoke a ship from Bel- fast. having on board about seven- lccn families of emigrants bound for the United States with which Britain was in a state of war. The captain of the Aeolus was the Rt. Hon. James Townshend (I785- lti42I, 6th son of the lsl. Marquess. it occurred to the captain that spine of those emigrants would be excellent settlers for the Town- shend estate. Having induced sev- cral to join them, the warship set sail for Fortune Bay where the agent Edward Abell lived. Wvhile making Abell's house and born on Abell Cape their head- purrlcrs, Captain Townshend, with others of the ships crew and the immigrants, made daily excursions to Red House, Lot. 56, about a mile and a half west, went into the woods. cut. down trees, hauled lsticlsns have it figured out. . . . Al sorts of suggested solutions are being brought forward; but. since lack of funds is largely, though not exclusively, responsiblr for the predicament, and in view of the fact that education is far down the list. of public expenditures (liquor, incidentally, ranks very high in the list), there seems very little that anyone can do about it except bemoan the situation and pray that something will happen to correct. it. At. the moment the situation is not good, but it. is not. hopeless. If. however, by the year 1970 half at the schools and colleges will have closed their doors, it does not. take 3 prophet nor the son of a prophet to foresee the ignorance that will. from then on, stalk the earth. And what A wonderful opportunity that will create for the Communists! O O O The simplest solution to over- crowding-nnd, therefore, to the tcacher shortage in colleges-that I have read about so far was the one presented for consideration at a symposium of educators by Dr. Douglas Bush, professor of English at Harvard. Dr. Bush would sim- ply turn away the majority of students who apply for admission. The best and most convenient way to do this. Dr. Bush believes, is to raise academic standards so high that none but the very brilliant would be able to "make the grade." The Harvard professor has no sympathy for the "education for all" principle: he says it. leads ul- tlmately to education for none and produces nothing but "an appalling growth of illiteracy" on all levels. Said Dr. Bush: "The rising flood of students is very much like the barbarian invasion of the early Middle Ages, and then the process of education took a thousand years.” He thinks that it mere High school diploma is a poor and in- adequate qualification for college entrance, and that the desire for economic and social betterment. (the utilitarian motive mentioned above) should not be permitted to crowd the colleges with mediocre young people. "The public must: be convinced,” he said, "that. higher education, or what. passes for that, is not. a necessary badge of respect- ability. As things are, we have an army of misfits who lower educat- ional standards and increase ex- pence." O I 0 Tlieua are harsh words and they indlcate that Dr. Bush is an In- oorrlgible, unrepentant conservat- ive in educational matters. Not that his plan is without merit. Itis easy to see that, if it. were adopted generally, most of the problems we have now would disappear in short order. An intellectual elite. such as Dr. Bush has in mind, is never very strong numerically; probably not more than 1 high school graduate in 100 would qualify for it With Just. a select few admitted: to any particular college thercl would be room enough and to spare. Fewer students, fewer teach- ers; leis space nccennry. less money required. The doctrine of them out and built several ” . Some ground was also cleared and corn and potatoes planted. "Eight years after the events above narrated, writes J. C. Under- hay, in Tan and Present of Prince Edward ls1and,' Pat Pearce was the possessor of'a black carriage horse. Mrs. Abell loked upon this horse with n covetoun eye and tried in vain to induce Pearce to sell him. Falling in that, she pre- vailed upon her husband to de- mand Immediate payment. of the rent. Pearce went among the neighbours to l'll5I the money. He- turning with it he found Abell lit- tlng on the wood pilc with n can- stable (John O'Donnell) beside him holding the horse by the bridle. Pearce offered Abell the money and repeatedly urged him to give up the horse and. on his persistent refunl to do so wort: into the home and brought out an old Queen Anne musket with a bayonet attached 1 3 t I b b e d Abel first in the or and then in the groin. "Pu Puree kept out of the way until after Abell's I! nth. and then made his a .i-spay to no of the ad- lolnlng provincu; little effort was made ionrrut m. although a reward of iv: offered by on govdnnmn for an l pounds wu' apprehension. A contempo ury ac- count in the 'Prince Edward Ia- land Register" of Friday, Sept.- cmber 3, 1810, is in similar terms. except that there in no reference to Mrs. Abell." - -Place-Names of Prince Edward Island, 0ttnwn,,l923. AMERICA'S rm: PIOIE Unloading Today - D. L and v. "BLUE coir" A. 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