PAGEFOUR THE GUARDIAN Authorized as second Clue Mail Pan Offleo Department. Ottawa The Island Guardian Publishing Co. CISUULATION total City Zone ....... "5-' noun rnullnil 7-one -2- I-M All other -..- 75'' touli Net Paid ..-.......-.. I2-813 Editor and Managing niriewi-. J. i. numm . Assuclata Editor, Frlnk Wlllwl "The Strongest Memo 1 :3 Wake: Than the Weakest Ink." CIlAItl.0TTl':TUWN FRIDAY. OCT. 18, 1950 . constitutional Landmark Far more significant than the delibera- tions of the recent Dominion-Provincial Conference at Quebec is the decision of the Supreme Courtlof Canada that it is un- constitutional for the Federal Government and the Governments of the Provinces to delegate their powers to one another. For the Supreme Court of Canada, in uphold- ing the judgment of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in a test case brought before it by the Government of that province. has cast doubt upon the validity Of the F?d' eral Government's tax agreements with Ottawa. Those agreements, it will be recalled- were entered into by certain of the prov- inces with much reluctance. Effect of the agreements was to make the Federal Gov- ernment the exclusive taxing authority in many fields of taxationbelonglnlv under the British North America Act. g to the Provinces. In return for abdicattlig their fight to impose taxes, the Provinces which have entered into tax agreements with Ottawa, receive certain subsidies. Thus, the principle of "delegation" upon which the Federal Government relied so heavily as a. device to brush aside the con- stitutional obstacles in the way of We Welt fare state and unlimited centrmlzatlon of authority, has been declared inval.d by the highest judicial body in the land. . It is a. once a tribute to the impaftlal W15d0m,of the Supreme Court of Canada and 3. Vin- dication of the views of those who saw in "delegation" a threat to the Federal s)'.Slf5m of government itself, that such a decision should have been handed down. .m....m...m. Army Bonovolont Fund Much to be commended is the action of the Army Benevolent Fund Board rt; taking steps to acquaint veterans in 1'fum- areas of the assistance they and the" ff ilies may be able to receive. The relative- ly small numbers of aPPl1C3tl0"? lfor nm? from the country almost certain)' 1'9 eicd a lack, of familiarity with the tlmey a which the Fund can give. rather than any marked degree of prosperity as Wmpared with city-dwelling veterans. Unexpected contingencies and ungorf seen calamities, as from SlCkIl9SS,'aCCl. en . death, fire, flood. wind-storm. epidemic ”' temporary dislocation of finances. fall at least as frequently UP?" the f30u"”'g"::” as upon his brethren in the city an be requirement that the assistance given .8 not merely a stop-gap but must assist in providing a permanent solution, is ge:1:r- ally more readily met under rural ra er than urban conditions. The hard-hit farmer can often be Put on his feet financially by funds to purchase stock or equipment, while to the wage- earner the whole Pmblem is mme often that nf obtaining steady emPl0yment- Senate AlIlI0llItm9"l3 A number of Canadians were asked by the Financial Post how they thought the Senate could be made "more useful and ef- fective." The following reply by Mr. John Hackett. distinguished former M. P. is quoted approvingly in the Ottawa Journal. Guardian readers may also find it by "9 means iliopportune. "The Senate can hardly be made more useful and effective than it now is for the purpose: for which it is used; i.e.-That of maintaining and increasing the strength of the political party wielding the power Ol appointment. Who in the last 50 Years" with tvro or three exceptions-has been ap- pointed to the Senate to make it useful and effective as an agency Of 80V9mm9"t Appointmelits to the Senate have been made almost invaljably 1" PaYm9"t 05 party debt or for reasons of expediency to make way for a new man in the executive. The Senate is 'Les Invalides' to worn party warsiors. the haven of rest for the political- ly spent, the Valhalla of the party faithful. "The method of recruiting the judiciary is also subject to many limitations on sheer suitability; the candidate must belong to the right political party. must live in a certain place, speak a certain tongue, and worship in a certain temple, yet in the main, the executive appoints be the bench men well sultgi to the exercise of the judicial office, no it appoints to the Senate men well suited to keepinz vloorous and strong the party ED901031!!! them- 1" co the purpose of the l,Imat6,lbegImnl!d.Ihouldltbecon1osn 1 of government on "dist-lnllllllud from an agency of party, there is much good work for the Senate to do and many available to do it. It is the purpose of the Senate, not its personnel. that requires scrutiny." EDI IORIAI. NUIES Sheep farming is going to be a more profitable occupation in- the future. With the use of hormones, sheepmen will soon be inducing ewes to have a second lamb- ing in the summer, resulting in a sixty per cent jump in the natural increase. I O I Pakistan has adopted legislation abolish- ing "Untouchability", the defililig quality of a low-caste Hindu from the point of view of a strict high caste Hindu, which in the past has caused oppressive restrictions on India's submerged millions. O I I While Canada is still wondering what to do with her Special Service Force, Pres- ident Truman, now in the Far East, "is probably wondering when he can expect the return of American forces vital to the defence of the United States. I O 0 Mr. R. R. Bell has been mentioned as a prospect for Conservative nomination in the Federal vacancy for Queen's. It is doubtful whether he would consent, having recently accepted the Provincial leader- ship of the Party, which includes the ardu- ous duties of organization and leadership. O I O The probability is that His Worship Mayor MacDonald will not allow his name to go forward for nomination for the vacancy in Queens. Mr. Macdonald has a large business to supervise which would be impracticable had he to spend six or more months a year at Ottawa. The steadiness of the Canadian dollar at about five per cent discount to the Am- erican shows that its release from the arbi- trary ten per cent discount was not pre- mature. The narrowing margin does not itself work to the advantage of Island ex- porters but the general easing of restric- tlons made possible is all to the good. 0 O 0 That "Friend of Little Children", Mrs. H. S. Henderson, is continuing with her usual energy and success the campaign for the maintenance of the 'Protestant Orphan- age. It is magnificent to have an insti- tution like that "nursed" and strengthened year-out-year-in by the devoted service of a self-denying and aggressive campaigner like Mrs. Henderson. I O O O 0 Consumers in this country receive something of a shock" every time” they compare prices with those of previous months or even weeks. In the U. S. the trend is even more markedly inflationary. While retail prices have risen only about five per cent this year. all of it since April, wholesale prices are up almost 35 per cent in the same period. 0 Eamon de Valera, Irish statesman, born this date 1862. His mother Irish, his father Spanish, he was an American citi- zen until he entered Irish politics, and rose to insurrection leadership, ultimately be- coming Premier in the Republican Govern- ment of Ireland (Eire). He assumed in- dependence in World War activiites, and still.controls, unofficially. leadership ii-. both local and international affairs. 0 O 0 President Truman has formally author- ized the drafting into military service of doctors, dentists and veterinarians below the age of fifty. The Presidential order re- quires the registration of doctors. dentists. veterinarians and ”allied specialists" below the age of fifty who are not already in the armed forces or reserves and who have not already served for twenty-one months on active duty. The President fixed Mon- day, Oct. 16, for the registration of the group subject to first call under the law. 0 According to a Canadian Press des- patch discipline in certain Scottish prisons is a great deal worse than in some Cana- dian prisons. Chief Constable William Merrilees of the Lothians and Peebies Con- stabulary told the Business Men's Club of Dunfermline that things were inclined to be made too comfortable for criminals, since the advent of a Labour Goverrlment presumably. "Such things as whisky, sher- ry and roast beef have been carried to the prisoners," he said. "I- know of one Glas- gow prisoner who has never missed his week-end joint of roast. What's more. warders are even being sent to London for training courses to enable them to op- erate movie projectors." Merrllees charg- ed that lenlency of the courts and "molly- coddllng" of prisoners were adding greatly to the difficulties ofpollce forces, already undcntaffed. "Three years ago," he added, "we used to worry about people escaping from Ssughton Plgison. Now we no wor- ried about people breaking in and carrying O 0 food to their pols." nil-: GUARDIAN. (ZHAGRLOTTETOWN. The flow Alulnll Ameiauhfa Flrtlor null t A Minor orjluzs cou.IoI tun '.'h'n-'-.'l.'h'n'hFdHn'H',u'ln'V'l-'aWfH'b'h'u'u'b PUBLIC FORUM i This column is open to the discussion by correspondent: of questions of interest. The Guardian doesnot fly endorse the opinion of W5N55'n FARM SURVEY APPRECIATE!) correspondents. Sir.-I've just read that fine sur- vey of the agricultural scene in Prince Edward Island by W. R. Shaw. Deputy Minister of Agri- culture, in your Oct. 7 issue, with keen interest. I like the emphasis Piliced upon the interrelationship between not only the various farm commodities but. also, between the folks down on the farm and up in the city From my urban angle. for ex- ample. the following assertion is admirable and timely and right on this rural-urban target: "Willie prices on most. of our primary products have been at substunllal levels during the year now draw- ing to its close, it must not he assumed that the farm people are making any extraordinary profits Costs have increased at a trem- endous rate. There have been ad- ditional frelght rates. very abrupt increases in farm machinery. fer- tilizers, feed grains. and in the things the farmer has to buy These costs-back of the front window of marketing-must be considered not only by the pro- ducer himself. but by the con- sumer who may occasionally grumble at the amounts he has to pay for foodstuffs. The price of foods has not advanced as rapidly as the prices which the consumer is paying for many other com- modities. . ." So far as my reading guides me. when the city consumer pays out a dollar for meat. he (or she) is sending about 56 cents back to the livestock farmer, and when 21 cents is expended by the same consumer on a quart of milk. if I remember correctly. 11 cents ac- crue to the dairy farmer-and out of this share. he pays the freight! One of the Prairie columnists makes this timely contribution to this rural-urban cost theme: "I: Is characteristic of the urban muss- man that while he cannot afford to pay rent, he can afford an auto- mobile; that while he cannot afford to -pay medical bills. he can afford to play the horses: and that, while he cannot afford to buy milk for ills children, he can afford to buy beer and tobacco. In brief. while he cannot, afford the necessities of lif.-. he can afford the luxuries". .. (R. J. N.. in Calgary Herald. I am. Sir. etc. ON THE PAVEMENTS. Toronto. Ont. Inflation "The forces of lliflation are again in the ascendancy," con- cludes the Bank of Montreal, after analyzing the government's new interim budget in its latest Busi- ness Revlew. Whether these forces are aggravated cr mitigated will depend as much on public attitude as on any steps government can reasonably be expected to take. For the majority of Canadians, the report begins, the budget. was "an unexpectedly painless oper- atlon." However. the budget speech demanded consideration, for it dis- closed the government's plan to fit additional defense expenditures in- to an economy already in u condit- ion of virtual full employment, and doing so without aggravating in- flationary pressures. "Moreover. while the proposals appear to of- fer the first instalment of the pro- gram at low initial cost. the tax- payer is. by implication. warned that the second instalment may be in higher figures. 0 O 0 "On a. budgetary basis. therefcte. the stage is set for 'pay as you go' for the pi-esnt fiscal year. No estimate is made. however, of the probable size of any extra-budgetary items which may affect the gross debt."A major factor here. the book odds. may be changes in of- flcsl holdings of gold and U. 8. dollars, which increased by also .-nllllcns (0.8) in the first four months of the fiscal year. This and my later additions must be financed In the some way an ac- crstlono in any other government- owned "stock-pile." Speaking of the Minister of 1-in- ance'o warning about inflationary dangers. the 3. of M. stresses that in recent months both wholesale prices and llvln have been I now It all-time picture ypun. Into this thonnowcomos military demands plus any oddl- tfaual not exports of Canadian was costs In Canada ond Arr- FROM "THE WORLD" 0 Earth! thou hast not any wind that blows Which is not music; of thine Pressed rightly flows in aromatic wine; And ever" '-edgerow flow- er that grows, And every l.. .. ..)wn doth sing. Hath something greater than it- self. and bears A living word to living thing, ' Albeit it hold the Message un- awlil-es. i All shapes and sounds have some- thing which is not Of them: a Spirit broods amid the every weed -1 , bird tha every grass; Vague outlines of the Everlasting fG0m0 The Age-Old Story 2W&G0m00?eG . After these things the Lord ap- pointed other seventy nlsomndsenf. them two and two before his face into every city and place, whither he himself would come...And the seventy returned again with joy saying, Lord, even the devils are subject unto us through thy name. And he said unto them, I beheld Satan as lighting foil from heaven. Behold. I give unto you power to tread on serpents and scorpions and over III the power of the enemy: and nothing shall by any means hurt you. National Production And Expenditure (Monthly Review of The Bank of Nova Scotls) "If the tendency today in Qan- Thought Lie in the melting shadows as they pass; The touch of an Eternal Presence thrills The frlrlrqes of the sunsets and thei hi ls. &l!o&;i4i ma-.3-ooeQsoc-vctaood l Old C harloffefown l -Richard Realf. (And P. E. I.) LEGISLATIVE LIBITARY l we-yooe "In the House of Assembly on' the Hon. George Coles to regulate. the Legislative Library. Mr. Havi- land was opposed to the Govern-I ment taking the management of it out of the hands of the joint com- mlttee of the two branches of the Legislature. but afterwards it was agreed that the Government should have the appointment of Librarian. for whom' a salary of 240 was pro- vided, that the committee should make rules and regulations for keeping the Library in proper orcler,l and the Government should-see carried out. It was undcrstood chat. the Librarian should attend every week day during the year. and that Members of the Legisla- ture mlght. give strangers oi tlcketl to admit them for a time to read' the books in the Library." ' -Haszard's Gazette. April 11,1855. from the new lmposts is expected to come frcm higher corporatlonl taxes, the report. says. Apart from the possibility that increased rates may deter new capital projects, it is "difficult to see that uiia now levy will have any specific contra-I inflationary effects." Indeed if higher taxes result in increased prices. the consequence may be the reverse. The bank is not convinced that the various consumption taxes will be "wholly anti-inflationary". To the degree that they fall to reduce consumption the most. likely result. will be an increase in cost to the consunler. But insofar as they re- duce demand the government fore- goes revenue, However, if declining demand should bring cutbacks in output. some materials and pro- ductive facilities would be released for the defense program. But. the re view points that it. is difficult. to see "how surplus capacity for making such things as candy, chewing gum, soft drinks or jewel- lery could quickly be turned to defense account." I commenting on the govemmentts request that public authorities and businessmen confine themselves to construction and investment pro- jects t.hat.'Irc "within the limits of lm ”' t ', essential undertak- ings." the bank suggests that. the individual businessman will wonder what "criteria he should lppiy in deciding whether cr not his own expansion project is essential." O C I I "A review of the official policy so I whole lmprosuf one with its essentially interim nature. The new taxes do norensuro a balanced budget in the next fiscal year. while on the oconolnlc side the anti-inflationary impact of the program so 3 whole does not promise to be great." not it would be unrealistic, the B of )1 stages. to luvs the whole problem in the gcvol-nmento lap. 0 force: of inflation are again Aha ucondoucy. Whether they on sunvmd or mitigated viii upon as much on the attitude of materials. g Ilouly nu: tho full yours yfold Thursday a bill was brought...in by. ads is toward inflation -as it ls-it is not because there is any weakness in the record of production but rather because so much is being demanded" says the current Monthly Review of The Bank of Nova Scotla in the first of two numbers on the national production and expenditure. Surveying the increases in pro- duction between i939 and 1919. the Review observes that it has been big enough in Physical quantity to. raise personal con- sumiption of goods and services by 75 . to increase the output of new housing by 15095:. 8nd '43 Del” mit a rise of 7096 in the volume of government outlays for goods innd services.,On top of all this. production has been sufficient to allow record annual additions to productive capacity. "Here is an economy which is not only produc- ing much the highest standard of living in its history but is also od- cling rapidly to its capacity to pro- duce." In total the quantity of the not- ional production appears to have increased by about 70th: over the decade from 1939 to 1949. This much enlarged production was turned out by a working force which had increased by only 1870 but which in contrast to 1939 was fully employed - emPl0l'm9nl5 Md risen by awn over the decade. In addition, the increase employment had risen by 359;, over the decade. In addition. the increase in pro- duction reflects the more effective use of the employed working force and the greater utilization of machines and equipment and an improvement in organization as compared with pre-war days. 'I'lils is true in many branches of in- dustry, pnrtlcularly as 8. result 05 the heavy capital investment of the last. four years. and it is true of agriculture where a considerably smaller working force is now turn- ing out a larger production in pre- war days. 0 O 0 Referring to the position in 1950. the Review states that demands on the economy are even larger than in 1949. Though exports to over- seas countries have declined sub stantlslly. there has been a roughly corresponding increase in the value of sales to the United States. and U. 5. demand for many basic Clin- odlon exports has never been stronger, Dollar outlays for hous- ing and for plant and equipment are expected to be even larger thsn in 1949. and inventories. which showed little change loot year. may be lncrehsed. Then again, even "before the Korean explosion, government ex- penditures on goods and services were expected to be somewhat larger than in 1940. reflecting in- creased outlays for schools, high- ways. and other public wol-has well u for defence. Finally. per- sonal expenditures are likely to be higher, particularly in view of the Iubstnntlall increased spending on autni-no lies and certain other dunblc goods. The l-snowed upward movement of prim. the fncruslng demands from the United states. and the stop-up in defence plans both at home and obfoad Indicate that the total demand: on the national productive capacity are again be- comlng excessive. To put it an- other way. the balance of econo- mic has again swung over to't.ho inflationary side. The Iuvlow, which oullyuo the national expenditure by ft: min potmlllti. some that the phyllul quantity -of personal cdmunlptlan In 100 was some 155 Inner than In 1000 and about Ii lrdltor than In 13. 0 ft! the tncrouo OCTOBER .13. 1950 p l Notes By Amnuof I0 appeared in Cal- gary police court last week. and was given the choice of paying 3 I300 fine, or spending three months in prison. (He paid the fine.) ms of- fence was that at one o'clock in the morning he had sold a taxi driver a case of beer; price 33.50. - Calgary Herald. Controversy rues in Coronado, California. whether orange, trees should be planted along Orange avenue. the town's main street. Op- ponents of the project fear that mischievous boys would use the fruit to "snowball" pedestrians and motorists. It just. shows how r. few thousand miles and freight can alter the status of ii commodity. - Hamilton Spectator. Weather is a subject about which an infinity of words has been spok- en and written. Each autumn edi- torial wl-lters and high school stu- dents look up their Keats and their color charts and write about the glories of "The Mellow Time." In the spring, "Natui-e's Renaissance" is the topic of ii timely piece, and in the summer and even in the winter. odes to weather are a re- fuge of tired minds. How many mil- lion: listen to their l-adios in the early morning - 3 time when the peace and quiet 1: the perfect at.- mosphere - in order to discover whether the weather is to be fine? The subject of weather may be as suitable for the -explorations of nearly 5096 greater than in 1930 and 409:: in excess of 1929. ' . . . Personal expenditures on goods. the Review notes, have increased a good deal morethan outlays for services, partly because the prices of services have increased less than those of goods but partly also be- cause the increase in the quantltv of services purchased has been smaller. Among the various classes of goods, the biggest percentage increase from 1939 to 1949 has been. as might. be expected, in dur- able goods-autos. household ap- pliances, and furniture-and there is no doubt that this year the pat- tern of consumer spending has swung more toward the durable items. particularly automobiles Nevertheless, though the greatest proportionate rise is in durable goods, the marked increase in per- sonal consumptlon over pre-war is spread over the whole range of commodities and services and ii large part. of the improvement lll living standards is in the form of better diet and more clothing. The Review draws attention to the extremely large increase in in- vestment cutlays. which were about two and one half times as great in quantity in 1949 as in 1939. Last year they amounted to around 20'!- of the gross nntionaj product. I higher rate or investment, than those prevailing in the United States and Great Britain. "In- deed", the Review observes. "few other countries appear to have been devoting so large a percent- age of their national production to capital expansion." , , ” l The Way - H l , 4 sociologists as it is for odlwrl writers. Mo.uklnd'a.lntaerosl'. in chi weather should have solved III Ii mysteries by now. But the recon! blue moon, on bmeuof Doomda to some Europeans. is still unex. plufncd. one thing is sure. Therl have been blue moons before uni there will be again. - Ottawa. Cltl. In his talks to telegraph menu. gets. Mr. V. B. Johnson, Consul Poclflc safety engineer. wnme that one of the chief perils to bi. cycle riders in” the habit of somg drivers of getting out of their motoi cars on the -left-hand side. 'rl-am; records in Ottawa bear out thij warning. Frequently person: on bi- cycles passing a motor vehicle on the left as the law require: him been bowled over by car doors lud. denly opening in front of them Nothing in traffic regulations for. bids ll motorist from emerging on the left-hand side but he is held responsible if any accident results from his action. He has no re. course, for example, it a passing truck takes the door off his car, The cautious driver makes sure that the traffic following him is no. we close before he opens the doci- on his left. To duke the superstitious faith of Sudanese natives is I curious man-like creature with no joint. who sleeps standing up against. 3 tree, the Egyptian government or. fers a 3280 reward for each "Wabb" captured and delivered to the authorities. 0. K. We'll ship over our office boy, but we predict that the Egyptian government is going to go broke when the others catch on. - Ottawa citizen. The herring has no friends. From birth to death he is pursued by voracious enemies. He leads the life of a terror-stricken fugitive. out in the Bay of Fundy he is chased by countless hungry bigger fish, whose appetite sometimes leads them to grief - as in the case of the forty-two-foot whole that got. tangled up in a herring weir at Grand Manon the other day and finally had to be killed with a dy. namlte blast. Fishermen along the coast are often grateful to the whales and other sea. denizens for driving the herring schools in to. ward their well-s. Very often, though. they have cause to regret the enthusiasm of the pursuers, which get. enmeshed i.n the nets or welrs and do serious damage. Oc- casionally. too, ii. tum. weighing from 400 to 800 pounds thi-ashes around in B coastal weir before es- caping or being harpooncd. The poor herring. in such clrcurnstsnces. finds itself literally between the devil and the deep blue sea. If it stays around. the tuna will eat it: if It ventures out into the boy, doz- flsh and dozens of other species will welcome the tidbit. Usually. of course. the herring that finds its way into a weir is safe. behind the net curtain, from pursuit by its huge adversaries: safe. that is. until the flshermen's dcu-les arrive and it starts the journey to the cannery. - saint John Telegraph-Jaumsl. NO LAY-AWAYS zoay, niscouorr THURSDAY, FRIDAY & SATURDAY ON ALL STOCK SUITS AND TOPCOATS NO REFUNDS J. P. Macmoerson G: Son 157 QUEEN STREET DROFESSIONALAICARDS Frederic A. Large. l(.C. BARBISTER, ROLICITOE. NOTARY Royal Bank of Canada Chambers Charlottetown, P. E. I. Successor to - George J. Tweedy. ILC. Toombs Bldg. 165 Queen St Joseph R. MucMillun. LL.B. BARRISTER, SOLICITOII. Etc. '15 Queen direct PHONE 1'18 Money to Loan Collections Chas. R. McQ7lKIld B. A. BAIIIIISTER, SOIJCITOII. NOTARY. Etc-. Eutern Trim. Building CIIAIILOTTETOWN Phone I'll: MacPilec & Trainer I1.F. MIOPHEE, l,A., K.C. E. OMERLED TBAINOR. B. A. Barristers, Etc. ........m.....:..m...m-- Palmer 8: Haslum A. J. IIASLAM. B.A.. l.s...B Barrister. Etc. Bank of Nov: scoffs Ginmberl Charlottetown. P.E.I. MONEY T0 LOAN Bell 8: Mufliieson BABILISTEBS. SOLICITORS. M- ILII. BELL. M. I..A. D.I.. MATIIIESON I..I..B.. K. C- Attorneyv at Law LOANS ON CITY AND FARM PROPERTIES 150 Richmond St. Charlottetown. P. It. I. Gender 8: Howard olmlin-r A. amour. B. A. I-L 5 Barristers and Gollclhri , Money to Man Canadian Bank of Commerce Bldl J. A. CARRDTIIERS J. A. McGuigun NOTARY. ITO. IAIIBIBTEI. SOLICITOII CUIIBI! IIIIILDING 'o "mm ' men .1 com 'o n .PH0NE 2872 orcousrnlsr I . 1”” ma" ."..g t (Next. to Slmpomu Agency) non m , Adjoining Nomi Alnorlcln Hotel I C..- Charlottetown II. R. DOANE Q 00. "W" comma Aeeoununu . , ""'""' na onnuvrrl-l-own , f,'::",;:'m' &ndolpbuW. Ragga: L : Two or. Gull 'I-'bo-out-. at u,- Icntvlllo noun mo . lm 30' . IIGDONALD. OUIBIIS I O0. . vm nan-a”'"uau-. cm-no pits. cllirlamoun i t Nh""' ' -.l 3