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     Member Audit flu-no oi Cilcvilliofl. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Fifi: a wsofisbsv. Arku'esjiz. 
     
     Mr. Pearson's Visd 
     
    

    
     Whatever reasons of political 
     
     Itrategy inspired the Hon. Lester 
     
     Pearson to launch his election cam- 
     
     paign as Liberal Party leader in 
     
     Charlottetown tonight. we like to 
     
     think that they are all flattering 
     
     to our self-esteem. We like Mr. 
     
     Pearson personally. and he showed 
     
     us on the occasion of his last visit 
     
     that he returns the sentiment. He 
     
     has. we hope. a high regard for our 
     
     intelligence. notwithstanding the 
     
     way we voted in the last two federal 
     
     elections; and he is hoping. no 
     
     doubt. to convince us of the wisdom 
     
     of changing our course. and veer- 
     
     ing back into the Liberal fold. 
     
    

    
     We may expect that he will 
     
     stress personally the pledges he 
     
     gave through his party candidates 
     
     here. with respect to the building 
     
     of the causeway and the construct- 
     
     ion of a new icebreakcr for the Bor- 
     
     den-Tormentine service. The cause- 
     
     way had already been pledged by 
     
     the party in power. through Prime 
     
     Minister Diefenbaker: but Mr. 
     
     Pearson scored first so far as an 
     
     additional iccbreakcr is concerned. 
     
     and that is something for which he 
     
     knows we stand greatly in need. 
     
    

    
     Yesterday we quoted a leading 
     
     Liberal newspaper. the Winnipeg 
     
     Free Press. as condemning pre-elec- 
     
     tion promises of this kind. "Brazen 
     
     bidding for votes." it called them: 
     
     but we endeavored to act our Win- 
     
     nipeg contemporary right in this 
     
     respect. for we regard them as as- 
     
     eurances fully in accord with na- 
     
     tional interests and particularlv the 
     
     interests of these Atlantic Provin- 
     
     ces, in offsetting disadvantugcs un- 
     
     der which we have labored far too 
     
     long. 
     
    

    
     Mr. Pearson will no doubt have 
     
     other good news for us tonight. in- 
     
     dicative of his party's interest and 
     
     concern in our welfare. We shall wel- 
     
     come it. Th a fact remains. how- 
     
     ever. that our memories of the 
     
     treatment we received under the 
     
     former Liberal regime. of which 
     
     he was I member. are not pleasant 
     
     ones. There were surpluses in the 
     
     federal treasury in those days. and 
     
     staggering deficits provincially. 
     
    

    
     One of the first things the Dief- 
     
     enbakcr Government did was cor- 
     
     rect this imbalance. to some extent. 
     
    
   
   
    
     grants: and it has followed through 
     
     with other measures to our advant- 
     
     age. These are by no means all that 
     
     we could wish. but they do indicate 
     
     I new trend in federal responsibility 
     
     for which we are thankful. 
     
    

    
     We have no doubt that Mr. 
     
     Pearson. if elected to power. will 
     
     mdeavor to pursue this trend. But 
     
     It is not one in which he can claim 
     
     toheapioneerund whenitcmnea 
     
     In Will. our elector! must midcr 
     
    
   
   
    
     l 
     
    
   
   
    
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     “filament 
     
     ‘8...me 
     
    
   
   
    
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     iii}: 
     
    
   
   
    
     lieigi 
     
     ii 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     i 
     
    
   
   
    
     .\Y 
     
    
   
   
    
     equal Milan it done op. 
     
     the way for groups of urban citizens 
     
     to demand relief from arbitrary 
     
     domination by rural majorities. 
     
     The case in which the supreme 
     
     court made its decision was brought 
     
     by a group of urban voters in Ten- 
     
     nessee who sued for revision of the 
     
     Itate’s legislative district boundar- 
     
     ies. which had remained unchanged 
     
     since 1901 despite a state constitu- 
     
     tional requirement that they be re- 
     
     vised every ten years. As a result 
     
     of the present imbalance a vote in 
     
     one rural Tennessee county is worth 
     
     as much in the state House of Rep- 
     
     resentatives Is the votes of 200 
     
     citizens in the city of Memphis. 
     
     Worse than this. a study in Cali- 
     
     fornia shaws it is theoretically poa- 
     
     ai'ble for 12 per cent of the voters to 
     
     elect I working majority in the state 
     
     legislature. In Vermont. where then 
     
     has been no redistribution since it 
     
     joined the union 167 years ago. a 
     
     hamlet of 86 people (Victory, Vt.) 
     
     has the same legislative representa- 
     
     tion as a city of 35.000 (Burlington). 
     
     Actually. it would appear. there 
     
     is not a single American state or 
     
     Canadian province w h i c h given 
     
     equal representation to city and 
     
    
   
   
    
     .rural voters, although it would be 
     
    
   
   
    
     difficult to find such extreme ex- 
     
     amples in this country as the ones 
     
     above cited. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Nuclear Parrying 
     
    

    
     In a note which the Campaign 
     
     for Nuclear Disarmament commit- 
     
     tee sent to the British Government. 
     
     hope was expressed that Prime 
     
     Minister Macmillan would continue 
     
     to do all he could to persuade Presi- 
     
     dent Kennedy not to resume atmos- 
     
     pheric bomb testing. Mr. Macmillan 
     
     meets the President in Washington 
     
     on Saturday. presumably for final 
     
     discussion on the issue. which comes 
     
     to a head in the next few days. 
     
    

    
     The British Prime Minister. 
     
     however. is already on record as 
     
     having concurred with President 
     
     Kennedy as to the need for resum- 
     
     ing these tests, unless there Is I 
     
     change of Russian attitude in the 
     
     bargaining that is going on at Gen- 
     
     eva on test bans and disarmament. 
     
    

    
     Nuclear tests represent the lat- 
     
    

    
     est move in the cold war game of 
     
     threats and counter-threats. and it 
     
     Is dreadful to contemplate what the 
     
     results may be. President Kennedy 
     
     and his advisers are presumed to be 
     
     ready for any eleventh hour Mos- 
     
     cow overture nn an inspected test 
     
     ban. but they will not renounce test- 
     
     ing unless an effective treaty is 
     
     signed. . 
     
     This raises the question, has 
     
     the President prepared beforehand 
     
     his reaction to a last minute Soviet 
     
     offer of a treaty falling just short 
     
     of Washington's draft? Would he- 
     
     poatpono tests while negotiating 
     
     over the slight discrepancies. and 
     
     perhaps risk finding that the Krem- 
     
     lin was only stalling? Or would he 
     
     go ahead with the tests while 
     
     negotiating, and open himself to 
     
     the charge that he wrecked the bar- 
     
     gain when only I few details re. 
     
     maincd to be worked out? 
     
    

    
     The whole issue is hedged with 
     
     appalling uncertainties. which u- 
     
     oounta for the concern expressed by 
     
     Canada'- External Affairs Minister 
     
     Green at the prospect of resuming 
     
     nude-r min under any condition. 
     
     Almost certainly. If the U.S. teats 
     
     go thrwgh. there will he more 
     
     Soviet tents to follow: and what 
     
     then? Our whole future may do- 
     
     pmd upon the answer. yet no hu- 
     
     man being can claim to have it. 
     
    
   
   
    
     EDITORIAL NOTES 
     
    
   
   
    
     Gmtdhutontothe Public Forum 
     
     are minded thot all letters pub- 
     
     lished are subject to editing and 
     
    
   
   
    
     g: 
     
     i 
     
     ii 
     
    
   
   
    
     'Ill 
     
     iii 
     
    
   
   
    
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     1&5 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ()TTANVAiCKKLARS 
     
     OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson 
     
    
   
   
    
     Snobbish In Our National Sovereignty 
     
    
   
   
    
     Canada does not bestow hon-’ 
     
     ours and decorations upon citi-‘ 
     
     ens who have given distin- 
     
     guished or gallant service to the 
     
     aisle and their fellows. Canada 
     
     does not do this because Can- 
     
     Ida. alone among the significant 
     
     nations of the world. has not 
     
     yet created this particular mark 
     
     of national sovereignty. 
     
    

    
     And. as we have nothing to 
     
     reward foreigners who perform 
     
     services for Canada. we have 
     
     imposed the aelfdenying ban- 
     
     widely disregarded - that Cana- 
     
     dians may not accept any de- 
     
     coration from I foreign country 
     
     which they benefit. 
     
    

    
     A peak of Canadian Itupldity 
     
     and rudeness in this matteri 
     
     was recently attained when the 
     
     head of another state paid an 
     
     official visit to Canada. Includ~ 
     
     ed in his baggage was a small 
     
     case containing several of hill 
     
     country's decorations, which he 
     
     wished to award to our Gover- i 
     
     nor General and to other Cana- 
     
     diam.asamarkofrespectm 
     
     Canada and to their office. and 
     
     also to reward certain of them 
     
     for services which they had per- 
     
     formed for his country. He 
     
     was very offended. I was told. 
     
     when some lesser bureaucrat 
     
     In our diplomatic service told. 
     
     him most undiplomatically not 
     
     to unpack that little cue. Ind 
     
     to take all his hIinbleI away 
     
     out of Canada with him. 
     
    
   
   
    
     DISTINCTION NEEDED 
     
     Canadians generally agree 
     
    

    
     that we don't want Inherited tit» . 
     
    

    
     lea here; they are In anachron- l 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     ism in this age. But many Can- 
     
     adians would no doubt be de- 
     
     lighted to accept some official 
     
     recognition of their mun out- 
     
     standing lervlcel to this coun- 
     
     try, whether it he I lifetime 
     
     title or distinction. or a mchl. 
     
    

    
     In a spirit of considerable hy- 
     
     pocriay. the former Prime Min- 
     
     ister Mackenzie King effec- 
     
     tively squashed the system of 
     
     British honours and decorations 
     
     being awarded to Canadians-af- 
     
     ter he had accepted one him- 
     
     Ielf. And he subsequently Ic- 
     
     cepted another. He had I point 
     
     in suggesting that for Canadians 
     
     In accept British honours was 
     
     I perpetuation of our colonial. 
     
     status. But he created a meal 
     
     and an anomaly by failing to in- 
     
     stitute CanodlIn honour: and . 
     
     awards to take their plIce. 
     
    

    
     Despite this ban. many CanI- ; 
     
     dIInI today proudly Iccept and I 
     
     wear honours awarded by other 
     
     countriea. A Iubltantial number V 
     
     of Catholics have accepted de- 
     
     corations Ind honorary titles 
     
     from the head of the Vatican; 
     
     Slate. Many French-Canadiana.‘ 
     
     and some others. have accepted 
     
     and wear the Legion of Honour I 
     
     awarded by the President of 
     
     France. A number are proud to t, 
     
     accept honours in the Maltese 
     
     order of St. John. 
     
    

    
     Every Privy Councillor ac- . 
     
     cents and um the lifetime title 
     
     of “HonourIHe.” Many Cane-i 
     
     diam hIVe accepted the honor- 
     
     ary title of "Chief" from In In- 
     
     dian tribe. Others proudly use 
     
     the title of "Doctor." based not 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
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     upon their scholastic achieve- 
     
     menu but upon an honorary do 
     
     gree. 
     
     UJ.A. DEMOCRATIC 
     
    

    
     Nobody would accuse the us. 
     
     of being undemocratic. Yet that 
     
     country has many decorations 
     
     and medIla which it awards 
     
     perhaps overlavishly to it (ill- 
     
     tlngulabed citiuna. Former m 
     
     sident. Eisenhower has accepted 
     
     and wear: I British decoration 
     
     carrying the title of "Sir" — 
     
     which title he doc! not use. The 
     
     actor Douglas Fairbanks Jr. 
     
     was IwardedAthe lame decor- 
     
     ation for his war services; he 
     
     wears the order but does not 
     
     use the title. Yet Candi“ Io!- 
     
    
   
   
    
     3diers. who cannot be rewarded 
     
    
   
   
    
     for their gallantry or fine ser- 
     
     vice by Canada. may accept 
     
     British medals — but not the 
     
     one which was awarded to Ike 
     
     and Douglas Fairbanks. 
     
    

    
     Our own gallant Governor 
     
     General. General George Va- 
     
     nier. wear: I veritable fruit 
     
     salad of awards for his courage 
     
     -—but not one of them is Cana- 
     
     dian. 
     
    

    
     It is certainly I national men. 
     
    

    
     The solution. surely welcom- 
     
     ed by moat CInadiIna. would be 
     
     the creation of Canadian hon- 
     
     oun and decorations, which our 
     
     own Governor General could 
     
     award to our gallant soldiers 
     
     and our distinguished Ind do- 
     
     dicIted citizens. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
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     capacity to withstand Itrcu. 
     
     Apparently. the years extract 
     
     their toll on the weaker cell 
     
     units of important organs. 
     
    

    
     How long we live depend upon 
     
     genetic factors (heredity) and 
     
     environment tinfectiona. Icel- 
     
     deu. and stress). We come in- 
     
     to the world. according to Sclye. 
     
     with so much adaptive energy 
     
     and our years of life depend 
     
     upon the rate at which it in used 
     
    
   
   
    
     up. 
     
    

    
     (Dr. Van Dellen will answer 
     
     questions on medical topics If 
     
     stamped. self-addressed IIIVO- 
     
     lope accompanies request.) 
     
    
   
   
    
     ORIGIN OF HOLES 
     
    

    
     R. J. writeI: What ea in" 
     
    

    
     moles? 
     
     REPLY 
     
    

    
     These lesions have their In- 
     
     ception long before birth when 
     
     the skin is being developed. 
     
     Some of the cells go astray. 
     
     leaving pigmented areas. Some 
     
     males are not noticeable at 
     
     birth but come to the urine at 
     
     a later date. Send stamped. 
     
     oclf - Iddresaed melope for 
     
     leIflet on moles. 
     
    
   
   
    
     loNl CANCER IN YOUNG 
     
     l. R. writes: Does hone can- 
     
     cer Ift'lict older people as well 
     
     as the young? 
     
     REPLY 
     
    
   
   
    
     Moat victims of bone tumors 
     
     Inbetween 10nd” years of 
     
     age. These lesions are not com- 
     
     mon after age 50. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Mr. RIefiier’s Faux Pas 
     
    
   
   
    
     “MO-w 
     
    
   
   
    
     Impuling motives Is bad man- 
     
     nen It any time; in ErhIrt Re- 
     
     gier'a one, It In IIIO had 
     
    
   
   
    
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     :l 
     
    
   
   
    
     it! 
     
     ii 
     
     I: 
     
    
   
   
    
     I 
     
     t 
     
     D 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     l 
     
    
   
   
    
     -“. 
     
     “find I 
     
     m.l'flh—".II 
     
     “unis” 
     
     h unfini- 
     
     ~ 1 
     
     mun-uni, 
     
    

    
     I 
     
    

    
     ’h-lhih 
     
      
     
     thm-Q‘ 
     
     -¢~Ihhflfl 
     
     hunhmdh 
     
     m~h~mw§ 
     
     enunc- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Dut. if he is to believe that the 
     
     Prime ha ‘ ‘ a 
     
    
   
   
    
     s 
     
     mdlmmwmh he has 
     
     nintentiou of pursuing. we lug- 
     
     geotthathekeep lileniforade- 
     
     cede—mmythethne 
     
    

    
     hmmmm and 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     OUR YESTERDAYS 
     
    
   
   
    
     noun-omn- 
     
    
   
   
    
     he put to death 
     
     ‘ hut ‘ 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     l4C5TES ITY 
     
    
   
   
    
     II 
     
     lg}: 
     
     ‘5 
     
     it 
     
    
   
   
    
     i 
     
     ii 
     
    
   
   
    
     i 
     
     i 
     
     F 
     
     ii! 
     
    
   
   
    
     i 
     
    
   
   
    
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     it 
     
    
   
   
    
     a 
     
     I 
     
    
   
   
    
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     r 
     
     {r 
     
     E; 
     
     22;?! 
     
     ii 
     
    
   
   
    
     i 
     
     a: 
     
     l 
     
    
   
   
    
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     l'ii‘ 
     
     will?" 
     
    
   
   
    
     LI 
     
    
   
   
    
     =5 
     
     oz 
     
     :3 
     
    
   
   
    
     1 
     
     Z? 
     
    
   
   
    
     l 
     
    
   
   
    
     reaches | 
     
     Stanley Falls near Stanleyville. . 
     
    
   
   
    
     E 
     
     a 
     
     g 
     
     a 
     
     i 
     
     .3 
     
    
   
   
    
     miles. the Congo's flown ser- 
     
     are. 11m lull stretch is the 
     
     Congo of romance. 
     
    

    
     After Conrad ulledup this. 
     
     brooding. mysterious mch. he 
     
     wrote in his famous tale. "Heart 
     
    
   
   
    
     3 5 
     
     hi 
     
     g E 
     
     =7 
     
     i 3 
     
     i r 
     
     3 E 
     
     i ill 
     
    
   
   
    
     and the big trees were kings.“ 
     
     Conrad later recalled in a Na- 
     
     tional Geographic Iflicle th I t 
     
     he "smoked a pipe of pence I1 
     
     mianight in the very heart of the 1 
     
     African Continent and felt very ‘ 
     
     lonely there." 
     
    

    
     The tree: still grow so clmly' 
     
     Ilong the bank: that the foliage 
     
     mats Itself Into I dank wIlI. 
     
     Vines and brightly flowered cre- 
     
     e-perl wmd through the g r e e n 
     
     barriers. Standing out Ire tre- . 
     
     mendouI boobeb trees with bul- l 
     
    
   
   
    
     The dignity Ind yodlclII fair- 
     
     ness of the Adolf Etchmann 
     
    
   
   
    
     proceedings. 
     
     Alloneyflenenl Gideon Hau- 
     
     Iner climaxcd I passionate l 
     
     denimcialloo of the defendant by i 
     
     Ilium that. if bi- coiivic- 
     
     tion is affirmed. he should not 
     
     in the ordinary 
     
     ‘ ‘ to one or ' 
     
     more of the traditional punish-  
     
     ments of Old Testament Illnes—  
     
     m. m. m Ind 
     
     m. I 
     
     Walden can understand. ; 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     i ' iii 
     
     hill; 
     
    
   
   
    
     5 
     
    
   
   
    
     ii 
     
    
   
   
    
     iii 
     
     i 
     
     [S 
     
    
   
   
    
     iii: 
     
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     a 
     
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     fill! 
     
     355' 
     
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     it 
     
     it 
     
    
   
   
    
     Ir 3 
     
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     [ill 
     
     llii 
     
     iii: 
     
    
   
   
    
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     Hi 
     
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     ll 
     
    
   
   
    
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     THE WAY—— 
     
    
   
   
    
     l 
     
     g. 
     
     leis 
     
    
   
   
    
     E! 
     
     it 
     
     I 
     
     l 
     
     E 
     
     E' Efisiit 
     
    
   
   
    
     E 
     
     i 
     
    
   
   
    
     i 
     
    
   
   
    
     i 
     
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     i 
     
    
   
   
    
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     r 
     
    
   
   
    
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     i"! 
     
     ll 
     
    
   
   
    
     iii‘gl 
     
     lili- 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     .i_ 
     
    
   
   
    
     -i 
     
    
   
   
    
     and captains 
     
     don't know the river have he- 
     
     come lost among the wooded ll- 
     
    
   
   
    
     lands. 
     
     CANOE! AND DIESEL! 
     
     Graceful log canoes. w o o ‘- 
     
     burnlng stern-wheelers. and mo- 
     
     dern diced mu ply th 0 
     
     Congo and In tributaries. The 
     
     river system la the major tune- 
     
     portatlon artery In the Repulle 
     
    
   
   
    
     and provides more than 3.000 
     
    
   
   
    
     . miles of navigable waters. As it 
     
    
   
   
    
     bend- southward. the C on g o 
     
    
   
   
    
     ‘ again crosses the Equator; it is 
     
    
   
   
    
     the only major river that twice 
     
     crosses the line. 
     
    

    
     1110 Congo rarely floods ho 
     
     cause rIiny seasons occur In dif- 
     
     ferent months in the N o r t hem 
     
     and Southern Hemispherea. Con- 
     
     aequeutly. when the river's both 
     
     then: tributaries are high. ill 
     
     southern branches are low. 
     
    

    
     At Leopoldvllle. the C o n l I 
     
     spreads into the Stanley pool. 
     
    
   
   
    
     ‘ some 20 miles wide Ind 14 long. 
     
    
   
   
    
     before plunging into 200 seething 
     
     miles of cataracts and rapids. 
     
    

    
     The rapids end It MItadi. 
     
     the head of navigation for ocean 
     
     going veaselr. Sweeping past the 
     
     port. the Congo ends its 2.700 - 
     
     mile Journey It the Atlantic. 
     
     where it pours lflomtlcubie 
     
     feet of water per second Into the 
     
     eel. Only the Amazon dis- 
     
     charge: more. The Iurglng 
     
     brown stream stain: the been 
     
     so miles from shore. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Justice Or Vengeance 
     
    
   
   
    
     Globe III Mall. Toronto 
     
    
   
   
    
     when I septum d death In 
     
     pronounced it should be carried 
     
     out in u bind-no Ind inma- 
     
     tIneouI I fashion Is possible. 
     
     For a prosecutor to demand 
     
     that a condemned man be kill- 
     
     edhydowtortnreiaareturl 
     
     to blrbarism. It cannot be just- 
     
     lfled no matter how appalling 
     
     the victim's crimes may have 
     
     The beat feIturI of the Etch- 
     
     mann trial. and the thing moot 
     
     likely to have a genuinely do 
     
     fer-rut effect an other race fan- 
     
     atics. was the feeling through- 
     
     out that Adolf Elena-nu. one. 
     
     so powerful and so feared. wu