i, pecan/man s1. 1932“ l.’ 4‘ .. .. I a '1 I I I4 .3. I l I. ll Qttawtl. Gathering of British lfalCommorlwealth Made His- zftory in a Big Way. ‘Qm. ‘pi Nineteen Hundred and Thirty Mo a world tired of bemoaning its lofses, having weathered the worst depth of depression, embarked on anf era of reconstruction. llexlrlg problems there are and will be, but the world-and notably among world nations, those of the Rltlsh Empire and outstanding of all-tho Empire countries Canada- ran point with pride to twelve Ilonths of labor and fruition. h: the face of common need ties were ltréngthened and crooked paths made straight. Canada. and‘ her lister nations ‘of the Empire waived precedent and went to school again. rhey learned a. valuable lesson- how to trade in a. world and a. time where trade is life. , [The outstanding political develop- ment in 1932 not only in Canada, but in the Empire, was the Im- perial Economic Conference which r convened in Ottawa July 21 and prorogued August 20. 1In a big way the conference made history. _ ft was the first of such confer- ences held beyond the confines of llieUnited Kingdom. - its decisions definitely divorce the United Kingdom from its cen- idly-old free trade policy for a. period oi ilve years. They did much more. They put l6 the acid test of experience the hlélior that it ‘is possible with mu- iliallity of benefits to link material cooperation within the Empire to Lll'e_'sen't_1ll1ental bonds which have heldfit together and, in the pro- Iéss, strengthen Empire unity. Early in the week oi July 1a there assembled in Ottawa the most dis- tinguished body of Empire states- men ever gathered together outside historic London. There were Bald- w , Chamberlain, Runclman, Tho- ,_ Clunllife-Lister, oiluioui- and others from the United Kingdom. {libero was Bruce from Australia; qpates and Downie Stewart from New Zealand; Havenga. from South Africa: Chatterjee and Haroun from India; Moffatt from South- ern Rhodesia; O'Kelly and Ryan front Irish Free State and Ben- nptt, Rhodes, Stevens and all the members of Canadian cabinet re- presenting this Dominion, and Alderdico representing Newfound- land. mepresentatives of the colonies hgld watching briefs and dozens of the leading economists oi every unit of the Empire were in Ot- tawa to lend their help and gui- dance 1o the laying oi the foun- dations fol" the great experiment in practical cooperation among the I peoples oi the British Common- woalth-iof Nations. Through four. weeks and two " ays . these statesmen and, their ~ ellors labored unceasingly and nt-htwo o'clock of the morning oi tins last day finally agreed upon a formula that received unanimous approval when the final plenary Aviation 1n 1932 . liirogress, in aviation is reported from many sources. While there has been some falling off in the num- ber of passengers carried, notably in the United States, Canada has tinued bar primary oil- mall sen s. Many improvements in on- and in safety devices are ounced. The following four out. ding and record breaking isare worthy of special record. melin. Earhart Putnam made the non-stop flight across the erican continent ever made by oman completing the Journey in ours 4 mills. and 6 secs. mes. A, Molllson made the tern Atlantic flight alone in a t airplane breaking all previous rds for time. melia. Earhart Putnam flow the tio alone on May 21st, com- ,,tllo Journey in the record time of 13% hours. ' ' ‘Johnson, wife of Capt. Mol- broke her husband's rc- for a flight from London to C Town which she completed tio: hours. addition to these sensational his treat publicity was given to Hutohison “Flyinl Emily" an otarted a flight ovoi- the io regions. They were wrecked the coast of Greenland and res‘ L ca’ hiperial “Economic Conference Was Outstanding Feature 0f Past Year For Empire Nations Slain President President Doumer who met his death at the hands oi an assassin. session of the Conference was called at 11 o'clock on the morning of August 20. The formula is embodied in a. series oi inter-Empire trade agree- ments establishing definitely and for l! Period of flve years general- ten years-a system of tariff pre- ierences and quotas whereby the Dominions extend their markets for manufactured goods to the United Kingdom,- while the Unit- ed Kingdom gives a preferential market to the natural products of the Dominions alld to their manu- factures as well. ‘ The British agreements with Canada, Australia, New Zealand. and South Africa are similar in scope, with variations to provide for preferences on the particular products each can supply to ad- vantage, Canado, for example, re- ceives a. preference of six cents per bushel upon her wheat, four cents per pound upon copper, a tell per cent preference upon lumber with a promise of a certain market, mid a definite market for upwards of 250,000,000 ,pounds of bacon per year. More profitable access to the United Kingdom market is also promised for dairy products, fruit, fish, live cattle, poultry, us- bestos, zinc, lead, tobacco and eggs, as well as free clltry for Canadian manufactures, whereas the British tariff against foreign products ranges from tcn 10 forty per cent. In return will enjoy substantial tariff preferences in the Canadian market on a wide range oi nlllnu- factored products, principally, ii-ou and steel, textiles, electrical and chemical manufactures, and frcc admission oi hundreds of articles not manufactured in Canada. Britain's concessions to Canada include tho fololwillg: 1. Continuance after Novonlbcr 15, 1932, of the frcc entry into thc United Kingdom of the Canadian goods previously admitted frcc, with tllc exception that free entry on eggs, poultry alld dairy products will be continued for three years certain, the United Kingdom m- scrving the right to review tile basis oi preference on tile commodities. 2. Other tariff preferences to Canada will be given by imposing duties against foreign countries on 800458 B8 1011005; Wheat, 6 cents per bushel; butter and cheese 15 per cent; raw apples 4s dd per cwt.; raw pears 4s. 6d. per cwt.; dried fruits then dutiublc at 7s. to go to 10s. 6d. per cwtz; with material preferences oll eggs, milk and milk pears. 3. The United Kingdom gives an undertaking that thc general ad valorem duty of l0 per cent. on the following goods shall not be re- duced except wlth tllc consent of Canada-Canada continuing to ell- joy frco entry-timber of all kinds insofar as now dutiable, fresh son fish, canned salmon, otllcr calmed fish, asbestos, zinc and lead. 4. Britain undertakes to remove thc restriction upon entry of live» cattle from Canada, a step cul- caiculated to afford a market for 100.000 Canadian cattle annually if c d by a British trawler, the Lord bot. -31’... ..' ..,.. the Dominion can supply them. Furthermore, the United King- ly — and in the case of tobacco,‘ products and canned apples and_ " War Debts And Disarmalnents Conference on war debts, repara- tions alld disarmament have been‘ held almost continuously through- out the year. The conference on dis- armament met on February 2nd, adjourned over Easter to re-as- serublo on April 2. While it is im- possible tho thousand and ‘one phases which these discussions have started, three schools of thought have emerged as follows; Quantitative disarmament» which would limit man power, material and expenditure in certain fixeo ratios, Qualitative disarmament which would llnlit power by reducing tho most dangerous weapons of war~ fare, and Thirdly tlic plan favoured by the French which would give the League of Notions a. police course which would be international and could be called upon to check ag- gression whenever it was displayed. Moratorium on war debts expir- ed oil July 1st, and Britain gave no notice that she would ask for an extension or other concessions. No provision however for payment was made in the British budget. -Dur- illg the United States election cam- paign Britain remained silent oll the question of war debts. The day after polling negotiations were ent- ered into by which Britain expected some concessions. United States re- mained adamant, refusing to grant an extension on the Moratorium or even to lzfgard the payment due as a provisional payment t9 be appor- tloned later if debt reduction were brought about. Great Britain paid her full amount of $95,000,000 on December 15th, and only about $10,000,011 owing by the smallet llatioils were in default. The com ferclice of Luccrne in Julie proveo" abortive. Germany throughout the year demanded “equality of status.‘ Early in November Macdonaldtrieo to arrange a four-power conference but Germany unexpectedly refused donl undertook to check stata dumping by the Sovlci or any oth- er agency and has since abrogat- ed its trade agreement with Rus- sia. that unfair competition with Canadian wheat, lumber and other products may be controlled. ~ Canada, during Lhe session oi. Parliament convened in October to ratify tllc agreements amended its tariff to thc extent of 229 items in‘ order to afford the United King- dom greater access to the Canadian, market. 'I‘he free llst.undcr tho] British preferential tariff was nia- terially extended, wllilc in other cases the intermediate and general tariffs were lllcrcilscd to rcmovu foreign competition. Perhaps the most important con- cession given by Canada wns to ex- tend to the British manufacturer the right to appear before the Canadian tariff board to establish any claim that thc llulrgin of pro- Lcction afforded a Canadian in- dustry was more [llflll would permit the British manufacturer to com- pete'oll fail" terms in the Canadian market. If the British manufacturer proves his case the Canadian gov- erlllncnt llns undertaken to imple- ment the finding of the Tariff Board and reduce the margin of u protection. The success or failure of tllc great cxporlnleilt, of coul"se, is bound up in the details by which it is to bc worked out, but the Ot- LllWH. Imperial Economic Confer- rucv — irrcspcciiveof its fruits - lnust lllwllyS stand out as a land- mark ill the history of the Empire m; lilnrkillg the first unified effort l0 link material with sentimental lIIlUlWJEHS in illc common welfare. The Great Cry 144.1; criAkaui'l"l-:i'uwi\i GUARDIAN QUTSTANLIIING EVENTS or 1932-41 YEAR or Dutiable illiports . . . Review Trade Of The Dominion ' . , (Corrected lo the llrst half of fiscal your 1032-33.) , . ....,... . .. Dutiable imports (1931) ...,.. 212,453,180 Free inlpilrts (1931) . . . . . . 105,768,547 Exports of Canadian Produce .. .. 234,182,869 Exports of Canadian Produce (1931) 295,516,899 gxports of Foreign produce 3.772.514 Exports of Foreign produce (1931) 5,765,772 Balance of Trade (l93l)-—Excess imports 16,939,057 Balance of Trade (1932)—Exce.ss imports . . . . . . . . . . . 16,314,708 Coin and bullion exported (1932) . 30,222,637 . . 25,994,261 Coin and bullion exported (1931) . .. . . . .. $138,295,221 83,345,454 British Statesman i A . The Right Honourable Stanley Baldwin who headed the delega- iion of the Imperial Conference here last July. Canada The holding of the first Imperial Conference at ‘Ottawa, which is fully referred to in another column, dwarfed all other events in Canada. The long preparation for thc meet- ing, the representative nature of the delegates who attended, the success which crowned their labours allxtendcd to emphasize its import- ance to Canada, to the British Em- pire and to thc world in general. Music, Theatres And Other Events Till?» year of depression has not been ‘il. happy one for theatres 0r music in Canada. A survey of 1932 reveals that there has been an as- tonishing dearth of legitimate sholvs; many of them did not suc- ceed financially, and those that did in one city often lost out in an- other. Even amateur tlleatricals felt the pinch of hard times. The cinema, catering to a wider public was responsible for most of the en- tertalillnent during the year, but that industry too suffered to a. marked degree. Prices had to be cut in some of the leading picture houses," and even then pictures that in other years might have had longer runs in the larger houses, remained for little more than the usual period of time. Music, the less patronized of the arts, dldnot do too badly with the visit of several famous artists to Canada. It is a. moot question, how- ever, whether musical impressarios have had a. cheerful time of it. Dancing-and in the days when Pavlova used to visit Canada there was a distinct audience for this great art-must have suffered most of all. There were only two im- portant dance recitals during the year, that of Kreutzberg and Escu- dero. Of the legitimate shows Tile signing of all agreement be- tween Canada and thc United. States over the St. Lawrence Water- l’ way which has been o subject ofi discussion between the coilntriesf for many years was tile fllst con-‘l crete step towards completion of} o... Lindbergh wit: kidnap- pingawad the-crimesensatinn oi’ the‘ year. After sliowceks of fruitless search his dead body was found near his 110m this tremendous engineering pro-l ject. Tlle agreement has now to bel ratified by the United States Sen- ate after which it will be laid be-i fore the Canadian parliament forl approval. Largely as tile result of violentl attacks made on the administration ;' of that. Canadiall National Railway‘ system before the Railway Colnllllt- i tee of the House of Commons, Sir‘ Henry Thornton resigned his post‘ as president of lhc road, receivingf a sum of approximately $100,000 ini compensation for his unexpired contract term. l Hon. Hllnford McNldcl", thc 1 United States Minister at Wlislling- ; toll, resigned shortly after the sigrl- l lng of the St. Lawrence agrcbmellt. l 'l‘hei"e were serious riots ill Klllg- stall and St. Vincent de Paul pom-I icntlarics. At the former the l"1ot-, ing lasted spasniodically for twoi weeks and tear gas had to be used to suppress thc viotcrs. A. Trclle, who has vl"oll many prizes for his wheat was again crowllcd Chicago King of thc World at thc Chicago willtCl‘ Fair where Canada. took illc bulk of thc awards. Ml". Trellc is a. farmer in Alberta. Patel" Vcrcgin, soil of tllc founder of thc Doukhobor colony in this country was sentenced to servo three years for perjury and to bo deported. ' A sensation was caused wllcll all- nouncemcllt was made of serious defalciltions iin the accounts of Robert Machray, KC, registrar of . Manitoba University. The amount involved included large sums be- longing to the Anglican Church in several dioceses was estimated at about $1,000,000. Macllrriy was sci.- tcnced to serve scvcn years in tile penitentiary. ' The Government, following the recommendations of the Aird Com- mission, decided to take over con- trol oi broadcasting in Canada and were at thebcginning of the year | the perennial productions by Sir] English actor brought to Canada‘ “The King's Messenger" to inau- gurate his trip across thc Domin-g ion, and on his return trip in the.‘ spring gave that place again as well as Sir Henry Irving's famous suc- cess “Tlle Bells." 'I‘llere was also the Jones-Colbourne production of “The Queen's Husband," and the l"c- tum visit of thc Sli" Barry Jackson company ill "The Burretts of Win1- p010 Street," and Sir James Bar- l"ic’s “Quality Street," as well as the , New York production of "The Good Companions." A visit from Ethel Barrymore ill “The School for Scandal" rounded out the laies win- L01‘ and spring season. The present season has bccll fea- lurcd by tllrce plays and one op- cl-cttzl. First came the Jones and Colbourllc production of Shaw's "Too True to Be Good," followed by Jack Minster with the Aldwych farce, “Rookery Nook," and finally tile O'Neill "Mourning Becomes Electra." Lovers of thc old favorite, "The Chocolate Soldier" had an opportunity of seeing it again rc- contly. Beyond that most of thc theatres have bccn given ovcr to thc showing of British pictures. The Repertory Theatres in many cities, have worked conscientiously and have prcselltccl several news plans as wt-ll as a series of native one-act plays. Tllcsc groups arc (Continued Oil Page 13») appointed Hector Charlcsworth, a well known Toronto ncwspaperman to be chairman of the Radio Com- mission. Senator McDougald and Messrs. Swcczcy, Henry and Griffith, rc- signcd at the request of thc Gov- ernment from the Bcauhamois company and the Government an- nounced that it would take over the Beauharnois canal fol; naviga- iloll purposes. Rt. Hon. Arthur Mcigllcll, former prime minister of Canada. was named a senator and appointed to lead thc Conservative party in ihc Senate. Wheat Figures for Canada Checked lo November 15th, 1032 Canadian wheat in stock .. . . Canadian wheat in stock-Nov. 15th, 193i ..... Amount shipped since beginning of season Amount shipped from Montreal since begui- ning of season Amount shipped from Vancouver ning of season . Amount shipped from Churchill since begin- ning of season and women who haw \ll(!fl during the year are: 53. berth, 50. PRUMISE AND Full » “Passed 0n” Anlollg thc disilngubllcci men Edgar Wallace, Novelist. wm. Southam, Publisher, 81. Albert Thomas, Socialist lcallcr, Earl of Egmont, Rancher of Al- Lord Ilichcape, Shlpowner, 79. Edward Swift, Meat packer. 6-1- Sir Donald MacLcall, Brliisll Cab- fieaca SEVEN ~ ILMENT? Two Sessions 0f Parliament Were Held In Canada During This llistory-Makingfear Stormy Petrel, iliet Minister, 68. worker, 85. hate. Mr. Justice Ade of Ontario. William Lackaye, Actor. George Eastman, “Kodak? CI‘. rlo Liberal party. byterian minister, 103. Rose Coglllan, Actress, 80. Northwest rebellion, 82. teciive, 70. Guardian, 48. gary East, 70. adian novelist, 70. Dominion Steel Corporation. Right Hon. Chief Justice South Africa, 63. 74. Rev. Di". York rector, 58. former there l - Dllgflld Stcnvilri, Lullcnburg, 70. l". H. Pllippcil, KC, 'l'0l‘Olli1l, John Marnn_Hal_vey_ _ The veteran, forlllcl" justice oi till: Appeal Court of hfallitoba, 70. l-loll. Andrew Haydon. Canadian Senator, 05. lion. Narcissc Pvrocicnll. Ivlolltrcal v former Licui.-Go".'vl"nol‘ of Quebec, o Australian in i032 zi goncrill lllolllclliolls in Ailstrilllzill Minister Scully and partymwils _plcdgc_d of national debts. lhcrc. your. 242,943,768 ...-o.-.n-....... .. 34.035010 slnci- begin- 25,187,476 176,186,462 l 78,658,846 I 2.861.501 Franklin Roosevelt who defeated President llcovcr in thc President- ial collicst last November. Col. Grant Morden, Canadian Financier, 52. James Ed. Wyatt, fix-speaker, P.E.I., 71, Mrs. Asa Gordon, 'l‘cl_npcl"".l:lcc W. B. Willoughby, Leader of Se- Cllarlic Armstrong, Engineer, 82. Thomas Bala, Shbc Manufactur- Sil" Ronald Ross. British Scientist. F. Wellington Hay, Lcildcr Outa- Rev. Dr. James Pilttcrson, Pics- Gvlleral John Hughes, veteran of William J. Burns, American dc- Sir Patrick Gccldcs, botanist, 79. Edward, Scott, editor Manchester H. B. Adsllead, former M. P. Cal- Sir Gilbert Parker, London, Can- J. H. Plummol", former President Jacob deVllllers. Sir Percy Girouilrd, K.C.l\.f.G., D. S. 0., Canadian born engineer. Eva. Davenport, English actress." Robert Norwood, New M. Mrs. E. H. l-iurrlmall, New York, Otlzllva, Grout change.» ll<l\'(' lzikcll place. ill Australia (luring; Lllt‘ _\'(‘ill‘. Early (‘lflilflll “'11s fought which was ollc of illf.‘ most llisiory. Joscpll A. Lyons lloiiilcd ll coali- tion which roundly" default-cl Prlnle ousted thc Labollr Party from ufliclr. The new to u. policy of sound illmllcc illld ll()ll-l'f‘})il(ll€\ll0ll A fvw nlontlls later Premier ‘Lung who llatl been the soilrcc of illllCll of Australia's troubles through 1115 extravagance and lllS unsound flllailclllg wils dis- lllisscd il"onl office by till‘ (‘zovcrnor of New South Willcs and in tllc curly summer ilic Lzlboui" party in Victoria was soundly" bczitmi at thc polls. Ausirulili sclli u strong dole-r gallon it) lllf‘ confcrcilci: at Oiiawa who professed t3 bc- lhoriluuliLv sni- isfictl with thc ngrcitlllcllls reached Tlli- opening of the grcilt bridge across S_\'(lllf‘_\' llllrboul" built at ii cur of uvcl" 540000.001! was an outstanding oven: in illl‘ Australian NewllifSi President . . . a Adolph Hitler. chief of the Nazis. whose increasing power in Germany has forced the President t0 355111119 dictatorial powers. Great Britain Tllc year 1932 has been a. some- what uneventful one, internally for Britain. Her troubles over debts and reparations, with Ireland with In- dia, the lending part she played at the Inlpcrlal Economic Conference at Ottawa and negotiations at Lau- szuine and Geneva are dealt with in the records devoted to these countries. The drop in sterling to a record low of $3.15, largely due to the un- ccriainlyvover thc payment of the debt to America on December l5. which silo eventually announced would bu piiiil in filll after pointing out to llic United States the dan- gers which such payments might involve, only postponed the day of return to the gold standard indefin- itely. There were signs of a. slight inlpvovclllcllt in trade and thc num- bci" of unemployed showed a de- crease [.’,€1l£‘l‘i\ll_\'. The announcement illat the Cun- l\1'(l Company would resume work on thc unnamed mammoth liner No, 534 of 73,000 tolls that it is hoped will win back the blue’ riband of tllc Atlantic for Britain was wel- come news to the thousands cmDIOY- ed Oil its construction. During h November a “Hunger march‘ demonstration which it was proved was organized by Red In- ternational Unions caused little trouble owing to illc cxccllcnt police arrangements made. Britain grieved ovcl" the loss o! thc submarine M-‘J wllich sank with a. loss of its officers and crcw of 60 mcn. The most illlportant step taken by parliament for many decades was the abandonment of England's trailiiioilul farce Trndc POUCY 0" Feb. ‘.39 by ilic passing of the Im- port Dulles Act. Sir Nizllcolln Campbell sci. 11D l1 new record for England when llc drove his cor at Daytorla Beach at thc rilic of 253.068 lllilcs Pi‘? 11°11'- Ill Lllc fall there was an epidemic Q1‘ what thc police named “smash and grab“ crimes and of U10 001d" up of motorists. The police took gpvflill precautions io stop this form of crime and their efforts proved successful. Fvcsll labour troubles ill the cot- ion mills lll Lnllcashirc in Novem- bcl" pllr. 100.000 lll0ll ollt of work, but after negotiations tho differ- ences \\"cl"c llculcd at loust lclllpor- arily. ‘Tile Prince of Wales j0\ll'lll‘.\'l‘d to Belfast to open thc new North of lvclulld ])Z\l'll1lllli‘.l1 buildings. Al- ihollgil tllcrc were some slight hos- tile demonstrations illccvcllt pass- ed off without serious disturbance. The royal assent was given to illc Illlpr-rial Tradi- pacts complet- ed ill Oiiiwva ill the House of Lords oll NOV0lllb0l‘ 15. Ireland 'f‘lll< has \Jf‘(‘ll a ivollblcrl yval" for Irclolld and 1033 dawns willl liltlc expectation of any immediate im- pruvclnelli ill llol" condition. Early ill thc year Mr. Cossfflvv who Md ruled Ii"elulld salicly and wisely “'05 " of thc Republican Later Gathering n! Legislat- ors Chic/lg lVoinble ‘for Ralificaiiuns of Empire Trade zigrccnlenis. The two sc-s-"sions of Parliament _O0lll‘0k9(i in 1932 will be remember-r 9d Chm"? 1166411150 diff-fig tile fall session, which is to be C0llv,;nu9d ncxt January, that Imperial Econ omic Conference ggmmenw we"; ratified and 229 tariff items were Ell-fired Y0 W08 them into confor- mity with the luldcrtaklllgs gluon by the Canadian representatives at the conference. The ordinary sessLQn urhmh hogan last February was typical of the limes. The budget for the year 1931. 32 when lllienlploylllcnt relief rc- qulrmeents and advances lo Can- adian National Railways WEIE in- cluded, showed a deficit of over 5100000000. The new Minister of Finance, Hon. E. N. Rhodes, budgeted hope- fully for 1932-33, anticpating through increased income and ‘fnuis- once" taxes, a surplus or $5,000,000 for the year on ordinary account, Shrinkage in the sources of taxation however, indicate a shortage 0g up- wards of $30,000,000 in ordinary ac- count ill llle current veal", with an- other 525000000 required for unem» ployment icllt-f and perhaps $50,000,- 000 for Canadian National Railways, The spring session decided to sub- stitute direct relief for public works relief, the later having been found more expensive than munici~ pafifeis. prdvincos. or lllc Dnminiol could bear. It also saw the passage by al most unanimous consent of parlia- ment of legislation to bring radii broadcasting in Canada under l. federal colllln ssion. The commission has since been created. The two houses aim EIlBCiOC three new insurance bills designed to unify control of insurance com- panies in the Dominion and in so» cure the OOODCTAUOH of the prov inccs in this control. The Sellaiz: probed lllc connec- tion of three of its menlbcrs with Beaullarllols power dcvcloplnellt One resigned i118 seat. Proceedingfi against another were 5illl€d be- cause oi his illness, while the third was found not to have acted with" any inlpvopriely: r ' During the fall gcgsoll lhc gov- vmmcnt introduced into the Sen ate a bill based upon the report ol the Royal COfilllll5$lOI1 on transpor lotion, designed to colllpcl (‘O-OIZCI" atioll between llic Canadian Nat ional and Canadian Pacific Rail» ivays. The principal underlying thi measure was that competitive ser- vices and capital expenditures should be subject lo the award o. an arbitrla board presided ovcr b; the chairman of the board of Rail- way Comhllsioners and no aware of that board would be operatillt unless llc endorsed if. ‘The Senate rcfened ilic lncusun to its railway committee befon which various interests. including the Canadian Pacific and labor bod lee, presented their oojecilons and recommendations. - When Parliament ))l‘0l'O[l1lC(l llllll. January 30, 1931.‘, thc 2.11 was still before the committee. defeated at the polls hy the De Valera party and with a lllalorlty of 72 1o 66 dc Valera llssluned the reins 0f goverlllnenv. lic llari been pltchforkcd into power by the force: Army whose molto is no conipl-olllisu with Eng- land and he found llla". howevcl" anxious lie might bc l0 pursue a slmc and steady voulzsc ho was pow- erless since thc Rr-publicull Army held thc whip. 1i. soon became ap- parent. that do Valera would 08h‘ 101' some l-adiriii chullgvs. lie ull- noullccd that ‘hi: would suck the abolition o1 illc Oallls Act, that lli would refuse lo "pay lllc Iallri an- nuities amounting i!) libulli. £3,000.- 000 a your and llln". he WUlliLl worl for it united Ireland by llle inclus- ioll by force if llCIJCb-Sllfl‘ of North urn Ireland. NvgOilllilfillh were con- duclcd between lllc lirialsll Govern- lnelli. and dc Vzllcril ilt scverill con- ferences, lllc lasi. 0i which \\'llS llclc on October l-lill when dc Valera pu" forward ll demand that England pay ll'C‘li\ll(l i1 511111 of £400.000,li0l “dill” by (lrvai Brilailn ull uccoun‘ of oswsr-tilxuiloll of lvvlalld slnci illC Ac‘. 0i Union. No Oll(‘ look lhi proposal seriously. Pflill’ lu this lhi Oaths bill had 1100.1 l‘f.‘S(‘lll(i(‘d uni. us pllymclli of lhi‘ land annuities had been refused Bfitillll hull pluccd a heavy import duty oll ull maicrlul (Cdllilllllfld on Pose l3‘ vi’ .5». w . 1;‘. .i