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TF -EES T0- CUT DOWN. `
,Um to Improve Woods In Outdng
Fuel Supply.
in cutting firewood for the win-
¢i-r's ein :rgency fuel supply the oper-
ftion should be undertaken with the
double purpose of furnishing heat
and improving the farm wood lot at
the same tline.
The ti°ees,should be marked for
cutting while the leaves are on them,
oven lf other _farnir work prevents.
the actual felling until later. because
it is easier to tell the different kinds
by the foliage than by the bark. But
the cutting' should be done as soon
An Old Wood Lot Ungrazed-Noll
Young Trees Which Will Make Fil-
' ture Timber Crop.
as possible if the firewood is to be
used this winter, so there will be
sonic time for the wood to season. ,
'i‘lic following kinds should be left
standing to furnish luiiiber, except
in the case of individual trees that
are .ci-ooked, knotty, diseased or de-
lft-ctive: White pine, red spruce, bal-
siiiii, chestnut. white oak, red oak,
hard maple, yellow birch, tulip pop-
lar, white ash, hickory and basswood.
The trees of less value for lumber,
,or slow growing, and which should
-be cut are hemlock, arbor vitae,
lbiack oak, scarlet oak, red maple,
ibeech, gum, elm, gray birch and
iirunwood.
 I~‘ariners in the Eiorthern cgunlri
iiiiay well cull out or iirewoo , an
§thus improve the value of their tim-
ibor stands, the following trees: Jack
§piiic, hemlock, scarlet oak, black oak,
éeiin and beech.
i ""'“”_Coliditlo1is Iii Oiitnrlo.
 The following is a suiuiiiary of
ireports of farm conditions made by
iltgrlcultural Representatives to ilie
§0ntario Department of Agriculture:
‘g The mild winter has helped own-
ters of live stock to bring their ani-
?nials along with less drain than
‘usual upon fodder stores. There is
plenty of both grain and roughage
on hand, although there are some
complaints that corn ensilage is
poorer in feeding quality than in
most years. With the drop in the
price of oats, farmers are feeding
inore'nf that grain to their live stock.
Cattle are reported to be in fair
condition, and are being marketed
about as usual for the time of year.
A live stock shipping club iu Peter-
boro' sent out three carloads of cat-
tle and three of hogs in two weeks.
The milk flow is keeping up well.
and good grade Holstein cows are
bringing from $100 to $175.
Horses are selling in~'Peterboro'
at from $150 to $175. but there is no
great demand.
Hogs are not going to niarket in
large numbers, and there is a ten-
dency to turn them off somewhat
llglit or unfinished. Prices have
slightly improved.
The marketing of field crops is
slow, notwithstanding the large
quantity of grain reported to be on
hand. Hay is scarce, and is selling
at from $18 to $25 a ton. Alfalfa
is bringing $22 a ton in Norfolk.
There is an abundance of shelled
corn in the southwestern counties,
and Kent reports that some kept
for seed is now being fed to the hogs.
About thirty cars of seed oats have
been sent from Brant to the West,
and eight from Norfolk, through the
Seed Commission.
Notwithstanding that most of the
fall wheat holds have had little dr
no protection for the last two
months, reports regarding the crop
are still hopeful. `
Several Representatives look for
an increased acreage of sprinS
wheat. Prince Edward’s o‘pinl0n.
however, is that there is n tendenci
to sow less of that and the other
cereals' and to go more into the
growing of peas and other canning
factory products.
Owing to the remarkable open
weather prevailing this winter, more
outside work than usual has been
done.
The Huron' Representative states
that s large number ot farms are
changing hands at prices varyinl
from $6,000 to 812;000 a hundred
acres, according ~to location and
equipment. ‘”
_
_ Live Stock Values 1917-8.
For the Dominion ns a whole. ac-
cording ts the Bureau of Statistics,
horses under one year aversK9 ill
price $50 ns against $57 in 1917.
for horses one year to under ll\l'°°
yearm_the.avenge is $112 against
$118, and for horses three years and
Dvei- the value is $16) against |167-
Milch cowl 81'! $87 alltnlt $84.'
cattle under one ‘year S25 asain"
$24. cattle from one year to under
“lf” years old are $57 a Inst $33.
and 0  _ _olrmd over
Ire #il agnlllilgtt $77.' Sheep nvérale
310 lltinlt $15, nnd swine Der 100
 s.t  .1111
.TR/ie'ron vs. uonsu.
interesting Flglii-es That the Idxpci-ti
HUVO t‘om|illcd.‘
Figures coiiiplled by the Export
iuleiital l~`ui'iiis Dcpurtiiiciit iilioi
nulilthe cost of maintaining a 1_c0t
_- 0lB€ f0l°11 year, including feed
ldb0\°. inteicst on vuiiie of liornc, dc-
preciatloii, interest ,and insurance oi
l’llll(lll\ES. harness and other eqiilp
"l°”_l» Bll0€l\\E. veterinary attention
drugs. etc.. is $249.09, and we nav.
it on the word ofa fruit grower, wht
operates on n large scaielthat om
12'20 ‘-'U-l»0l'l|lllHl' li/D0 tractol' has ro
placed eight liorues and thi-ce men
in the work of cultivating in hi
orchards. while the tractor also pei
foriiied work such as :silo iliiiim ai,
¥l'l\ll1 Hrlndiliil. during the wiiitt
season. that the iiurtics were lit
Ullllllllle 01. 'l‘iilu grower dots iii
claim to be able to get along ciitirtl
without the help of liorses, but i'
his particular liiic of hii:;iiii,»;,_-i an
thc scale on which he opci~.itv'r; l.
finds that llic tractor pi'oduct:i ai' di
cidcd ecoiioiiiy. (Jrcliai~tln on li.
iilace. which, nmil.iit- iiitt-iiiitfi.-i~.i ii.
tractor, were always ii lililc foo itiiic
for four two-horse trains to cuilivut
are now kcpt in iiiucli better 0|-dt
HS \'¢}H=ii‘<ls cicaii ciiliivat.toii, and or
niaii docs the work of four in opci
llllllg the cultivntliig_iiiaciiinci'y.
ln further comparison ot' the i-ii;
of iiiaintaining the tractor as coin
pared wiiii the iiorses iii this i-:tsl
it is tiiiiiiittcd that thc iioi'.~;<‘.~i dit
placed were not 1,600 lbs., but doubt
lliflll llllfll' _ feed bill 1-qiiallccl th:
$..l5.iJU t:iitirgt~d :iguiiist the 1,600-ll
ll0l`fl\P. iii the above-iiit-iiliuiicd :ital-
iiiciit of costs, bet-atisc in tiic iriii
C0llll`U`y. horse feed costs iiiorc tha:
in the average mixed fariiilixg dit
trict. 'l`hei'etore, the eight lioific
displaced by thc tractor doumlog;
¢0_Sl.ui'0uiiii $2,352.72 to kccp for iii
year as their other <.-xpensun ww.
Well llli to the ilgurcs given iii abovt
iuoiiiiiiiied c:itiiiialo_ ‘
Coii:<iitlci'iiig cost of feed only...
._151lUUllllL’ V. llily, oats, etc., the ti';icto
in question uses iiinc gallons oi' ca.
at 35c pci* gallon pei' day, or :;'_;`,'1,'
ll illly. Cilillll I0 $81.90 pt i' iiionili ti
36 llilysf 0l` $~lUl_~lU for liic i'.i
iiioiiflis, which is about ilic liiiiit ii
tiiiio Possible for oi'ciiai'd ctiitivu
tioii. Witii the lio|'so:<i feed is cox.
sninicd on cvcry day ot' the _v,.u,»_.
.'.'oi'k or rent, so the :six iiioiitiiu fo:
the eight iiorsi-i; would riiii up i
iced bill oi' $215.99, di-vided by tw(
.ind multiplied b_v eight, cqtialllii:
£1,263.92--ii showing of $77252 p
favor of thc tractor on the six month
‘lf 0iii'i'afioii. _ For thc other si:
tiioiitlis oi' the yetii' it may be clgtiiiici
-'lint the iioi-se would be of little iiitlri
use to liic fruit. i`ai'iiicr tliaiii tho trac
‘or could be, wiiiic if botli \vct'c idit
he horse would have to pc- fed whip
here was no need of iecdiiizz gzisoliiu
ii tiii: tractor, and care of iiic lntloi
.voiiid cost much lccs lliati cure of flir-
`uriiici'.
in favor iii’ the lioracs it iiiiist iii
ilowcd tiizit they ctiii he more gen-
rali_v'iisct`ul than the tractor. For
iistaiit-e they lciid theiiisclvcs iiiort-
‘:i\sl|_\' to cliaiigo froiii culiivuiiiig
-ii i.:i\iiiii_i;' on thc i‘o.ifi_ while iii tiic
-:isc of f'oiir fczitiis vs, one fi`=ictoi',
iiiirc f-oiild bc l-.cc`oiiipiislii-d in pick-
iiig tip t'i'uit_ iii the orcliiird, but at
best llicii' use iii this t`lii'ectiou
would entail fiic ciiiployiiieni oi' ti
iititiibci' _of feaiiisteis where thc
driver of the tractor might well
rlitingc from his machine to it inofor
truck and so effect a rapid collection
:ind delivery of the fruit as couit.
the four toaiiis of liorsf-s.
The tillagi- iiiipleincnts used ir
'oniiectioii with the tractor iii qiics-
tioti are: a three furrow. 10-iii. bot-
tom plough, a 11-platc double disli
and any number of widths of drag
harrow tlint may be found coiivcii-
ient. With this equipment, eight
:icrcs of ploughiiig is aii easy day‘r
work, iii' 30 acres oi' disclng or Bt
acres with the drag iiiii'i°ow. Thi
machine requires but little more at-
tention than does 'one team oi
horses, but to ensure its receiving
good care, thc driver is given an
hour a day to devote to fixing `ii1'
ind oillng the machine. Undci- this
.irrangeiiient it has been found that
more work is accoiiiplisli-.-d daily by
use of the tractor and its equipment
than was formerly accomplished with
the horses.
It is the firm conviction of thi
uwncr of this tractor, that such i
inacliiiic '.'.'..uid pay bcltcr thai
horse flesh for~cultivaiiiig work oi
any fruit farm of as iiiiicli as 10(
acres, and lie is so well satisfied wifi.
results attained in his caso that lit
intends purchasing another niacliini
of thc saiiic typc for his farm, which
includes several hundred acres of
peaches besides other fruiis._ Some
horses will be kept, but not for cul-
tivating to any great extent, and nl-
though tiie tractors will allow of
sonic reduction iii the total number
ol' mon employed on the place, thcrc
will be work for the ex-tcainsters
in the way of liiind work around the
trees, priming, picking and packing
fruit, etc.
i§nSki\f.cl|cwn|i (70-op. Oreilmcrlcs.
Atv the annual meeting of Sas-
katchewan Co-operative Crcaincries
the financial report showed the vol-
ume of the business for thc last fis-
cal yenr was $1,887.31/8, represent-
ing nn increase of almost 100 per
cont. ou the previous year‘s business.
After provld ng for u. dividend of 8
per cent. on paid-up stock, and mak-
ing a flniil Payment of one cent pci-
ponnd on butter fat, and one cent
pei' dozen on eggs, the surplus of the
company, which includes the reserves
of the individual locals at the time
of aninlgaiiiation, now amounts to ii
considerable sum. During the year
just ended the company has extend-
ed its ileid of operations in thc reid
storage branch by acquiring and
operating plants at Saskatoon, Voti-
da, llegina and coniinenciiig the
building of it plant nt North Battle-
ford.
_ ,_____.___.__._
2,600 (luineus for Bull Calf.
A I2-days-old bull calf, l-laydon's-
Dutch King, from the famous Brit!-
lish Fricslnnd herd of Mrs. Putnam,
has been sold for the record price of
2,500 guinsae to Mrs. Brown, of Bt.
Llbolll _ ______ .____- . .__..
BETTER THAN CLOVER.
Alfalfa Is Superior Crop In Good
Land.
During the last few years so much
has been written in the agricultural
press eulogizing, sweet. clover that,
in many quarters, it has gained a
reputation for superiority which, to
say the least, is inisleadingly exag-
gerated. A Jew' unbiased remarks
on its realvalue, especially in coin-
parison with alfalfa, may therefore
not be out of place.
The reputation for superiority
which sweet clover has gained is to
H very large degree due to the fact
that it is able to do surprisingly well
in naturally poor soil oixworn-out
land deficient in plant food, and in
soil lacking in moisture to such an
extent that ncithcr red clover nor
alfalfa can be grown to satisfaction.
No one who has seen sweet clover
l'l0lll`lBll |11 Places where, to use a
coiiimou expression, “nothing else
Wlll L'l‘0W." can deny that sweet
clover might be einpioyed as a re-
inuncrativc crop on the type of land
just referred to. However, it should
be clearly understood that, though
rcallziiig the value ofsweet clover as
a revenue producer on poor soil, it
by no means follows that sweet
clover is superior to, or even equal
to, other crops of its type, especially
alfalfa, on good land. This should
be clearly emphasized because many
uncritical sweet* clover cntiiiisiasts
have made thc error of concluding,
from the behavior of sweet clover
on very poor land, that it is also of
outstanding superiority on good land
suitable for growing such crops as
alfalfa. The sooner such at concep-
tion is corrected, the better.
If alfalfa can be grown with
reasonable success, it surely will
prove superior to sweet clover' in
practically all respects. Alfalfa, when
once established, will last for a great
number of years and will continue,
without reseeding, to yield crops of
high quality year after year, whereas'
sweet clover, being a biennial plant,
will have to be reseeded every second
year unless it is given a chance to
mature seeds and thus autoniatically
reseed itself.
Alfalfa may be grown for pasture,
lisy, silage, and soiling, 'whereas
sweet clover has a.s0ino_wiiat limited
sphere of usefulness. "l‘iius, sweet
clover is not likely t_o make as good
hay as alfalfa; neither can it he
cured into good liny as easily as the
latter. As a- forage crop, its chief
asset lies in its ability to furnish
nutritious pasture, but oven as a
pasture plant it is hardly equal to
alfalfa where the latter can be grown
successfully. As, furtherniore, sweet
clover has some distinctly objection-
able characteristics which are not.
found in alfalfa, for instance, its
peculiar flavor and its tendency to
become a weed if not properly looked
after, there is no valid reason why
it should be grown in preference to
alfalfa, if the latter can be grown
with reasonable success. However,
on land`too poor to grow alfalfa,
sweet clover may he used either as a
forage crop or as ya green manure
crop for the purpose of improving
the fertility of the soil.
(Trop Rotation. -
During the war, owing to labor
scarcity and the high prices ruling
for grain, there has been a. tendency
to get away from the short rotation
in crop production. ~The necessity is,
therefore, all the greater i’or getting
back to it now.
A three-year rotation recommend-
ed by the Dominion Experimental
Farin is:
First year.-Hood crop. For corn
apply manure in winter or spring, at
rate of 15 tons pei' acre and shallow
plough shortly before planting time
turning under both clover and nia-
nure. For roots plough land previous
autumn. ’
Second year.-Grain. Seed down
with 10 pounds of red clover, two
pounds alsike, six pounds alfalfa and
six pounds timothy per acre.
_ Third year.--Clover hay or pas-
ture. Second crop of hay may be
used for seed.
This rotation is well suited for
intensive dairy farming where soiling
crops s.-re used. lt would be a most
excellent rotation to put into prac-
tice where sufficient rough land was
aivailabie. to servo as pasturage. It
is the rotation that would supply
the greatest amount of forage of the
best description for dairying or beef
production.
For a four-year's rotation this is
recommended:
First year.-Hoed crop. Apply
manure at rate of 20 tons per acre
previous autumn, winter or spring.
Second ycar.-Grain. Seed down
with 10 pounds of red clover and
eight or 10 pounds timothy per acre.
Third year.--Timothy hay or pas-
ture. Plough field shallow in August,
top work at intervals and ridge up in
autumn in preparation for heed crop.
This rotation is most satisfactory
from all standpolnts, except that it
supplies a rather smaller proportion
of grain than is often desired. Where
live stock is the mainstay of the farm
this is, however, a very minor fault.
' “Giant Jacks" of Poultry Policy.
Provisional officers of the National
Poultry Council as organized by the
delegates to the poultry conference
as Ottawa are as follows: President,
Dr. Barnes, Ottawa; N. W. Kerr,
Brandon, Man., vice-president for
Western Canada; Dr. P. C. Gauthier,
St. Louis, P.E.I.. vlce»presldent for
Eastern Canada; and E. Rhoades,
Ottawa, secretary-treasurer.
One result of the conference was
the formulation of a national poul-
try policy. The 10 “Giant Jacks" of
this policy as adopted by the dele-
gates were summarized as follows:
1. Increased production. -
2. Economic production--through
stock improvement.
8. Quality payment.
4. Co-operative marketing.
5. Markets intelligence. V _
G. Standardized product--Goverm
ment inspected and guaranteed.
7. Service in transportation.
8. Perfection in storage.
9. Increased consumption at homo.
I0. Advertising and saiesmanship
in the disposal ot products nt. homo
!¥5Ll!l;9°.<lc.
"”"‘T”""""""~`-`f" `-‘-`-'ff-' “-“-`-`-`-'-`-‘-‘-‘-‘-‘-'-'-‘-“’:=f-'-1J-wt;-‘---A-A--'Y'-rav --- ff:-:::.-.~_» _-_--: .-:_-_- - .-.- -_-_ _-_- _-_ ,-,-_-_-_-_~_- -_-_-_-_~.~.-_-_- ....,

i’llN T0 PLANT TREES
snnnorlou oi-‘ onus? smog is
_ root: Economy.
Plants Should Be Wat»ered__0u|;¢|ng|
May Bo Successfully Used 10|-
Wlllows and Cottnnwoods-Bury
Ill 000|, Moist. Well-drained Sand
Until Snrliiz to Get satisfactory
Results. '
A tree plantation established with
poor -stock always ts handicapped.
The purchase of cheap stock, simply
because it is cheap, is poor eeonouiy,
for often it results in failure.
Fortunately, most of the hard.
woods may be grown easily from
seed, and the possibility of buying
stock which is not trite to name or
of having it injured in transit avoid-
ed. If the farm iiiaiiitalns ii. garden
plot, the hardwood seedlings may bc
grown there and planted out in the
field when one your old. The seed
of the desired species may be pur-
chased oi' collected locally, sown in
rows, and iiuntilcd iniicli the same as
vegetable seed. The plants should
`be.watered and cultivated, so that
they will pecouie as large as pos-
sible during the season. .After Sep-
tember 1 water should be applied
only to keep the ground from drying
out completely. This is necessary in
order to harden the tender wood to
withstand frost.
Cuttings may be used successfully
for growing thc planting stock for
such trees as willows and cotton-
woods. These cuttings, which are
best niatle in the fail or early winter
after the leaves have fallen, should
be about ten inchcs in length and
taken from one-year-old oi' two-yeai'-
old twigs of vigorous, healthy trees.
Cuttings should he made always with
slanting strokes of a very sharp
knife, so as to avoid bruising the
bark. If trees tree from seed, or
"bloom," as it is sciiietinies called,
"'7?=.~..>-_
wcii-Pinmctidins cms ici- wins.
,MW si-uk.
are desired, cuttings should be tak-
en froni trees which observation has
shown do not produce seed. As soon
as the cuttings are made they should
be tied in bundlcs of about fifty and
buried in cool, moist, well-drained
sand until spring. As soon as pos-
sible in the spring, and always be-
fore tlie soil dries out., thc cuttings
should be set out, with the buds
pointing upward, leaving two or
three inches above ground. 'I`he soil
should bc pressed tiriiily about the
stems, and ii' it is not soft it is better
to make holes for the cuttings with
a round bar or dihble.
Trees grown froin large nuts, such
as walnut and oak, are best propa-
gated by planting the nut where the
mature tree is desired. Unless this
is done, the long, heavy taproot, even
at the end of the first year, makes
transplanting difficult and the loss
heavy. Black walnut is best planted
in the fall.
Conlfers are much. more difficult
to raise than hardwoods, and unless
a large project is undertaken it is
inadvi-.\able'to»alteinpt to raise tliem_
Thrifty stock may be purchased froiu
reliable nurscrymen and in some
cases at cost from nurseries main-
tained by the state. Stock grown as
near as possible to the region of
planting is always preferable.
If hardwoods are used, one-year
seedlings give best results under nor-
uial conditions. Large stock should
be avoided. It is more expensive and
requires more time and attention to
plant. If conifers are used, nothing
smaller than three-year-old trans-
plants should be tried.%Transplnuts
are preferable to seedlings because
of the larger mass of fibrous roots.
Planting inethqds are dependent
largely upon the size of the stock
and the condition of the site. When
stock is received, for planting, the
first precaution is to see that it has
not dried out. The roots never should
be exposed to the sun or drying air.
The root_s of stock that is packed in
crates should be inoistencd thor-
oughly before the trees arc removed.
If the trees are extra-large conlfers
and the roots of each tree are pro-
tected with earth bound with a cloth
covering, the whole should be planted
without removing the wrapper. In
any case, all small stock, if it can-
not be planted at once, should be
heeied in in a cool, inoist situation.
The tops should not be covered.
All grassy, weedy. 01' l\0aVl/ land
should, if it is practicable, be plough-
ed and harrowed at least 12 .months
before the trees are planted. Fall
pioughing is preferable.\ If manure
is to be used, it should be applied at
the time Jf plougliing to enable it
to decay. If it in placed fresh next
to the roots at the time of planting,
there is danger of "burning" them.
Although ploughlng is not absolutely
necessary, it is productive of good
results, and ilic benefits are several
times as gi-cat as those secured by
caring for the ground after the stock
is set ont. lt is still better to use
ground which has been under culti-
vation for two or three years. Young
plants need just as much care as it
garden, and their growth will be
proportionate to the amount of ca
they receive.
Plsntingiiiay be done” in either
two ways: by the slit method or by
the individual-hole method.
Either of these methods may be
worked out in a shallow. furrow. It
_.ts very deslralile on_»qd_¢i{0_\_l_l1d_,_i»°
plough a furrow if complete cum.
vatiou of the planting area cannot
be carried out. This will remove the
grass cover and will make the work
much cheaper. All sod or grass cover
should be removed from a space at
least 15 inches square before a tree
is planted, provided it is not set in
a furi'ow. '
The slit method is the ciieapest
and in light, sandy soils the best.
A spade is used to open a wedge-l
shaped hole i.n the ground by moving
it forward and backward. Into this
opening the tree roots are suspended
full length, and the earth is pressed
tlrnily around them by a thrust of
the foot which closes the hole.
A hole is dug ‘wide enough and
deep enough to accommodate the
trce roots without crowding. Care
should he exercised in putting the
soil back on the roots to see that no
large rocks ur sods 4 are allowed
to fall in, because of the possibility
of leaving air spaces, which will
cause the plant roots to dry out.
llolcs never should be dug a long
time in advance of planting, unless
it be in the i`all,- on account. of the
danger of drying out. lf there is ii.
iiardpan or stratiiin of soil imper-
vious to water at the bottoin,_ this
should be broken up tliorougliiy with
tools or a light charge of dynamite.
Unless this is done the ti-cc will not
thrive. '
\\'EEVILS C/\L'Sli} LOSSES.
Seed May Be Treated by Fumi-
gatioii. .
The serious losses caused bybean
and pca‘ weevils-which amounts to
millions _of dollars annually -- is
largely preventable, and by putting
at stop to it a valuable and much-
iieeded source of the nation’s food
supply can be saved. No satisfactory
artificial remedies can_be applied to
kill weevil grubs in beans, peas or
cowpeas growing in the field, but
they can be easily -and effectivelyi
controlled aft_erward if the necessary
care is given. The crop should ,he
harvested as soon as possible after
niaturily, and the seeds thrashed or
shelled and treated by fiiiiilgtition,
heat or cold storage, in order to kill
the weevils in them bcforc they can
increase in numbers and carry on
their destructive work. '
Weevils not only cause serious
damage to peas, beans and cowpeas
in storage but also in the field, and
are responsible for n, eurlailiiicnt in
the acreagi? planted in these crops.
Badly infested seeds are worthless
for planting. In one experiment on
record only 50 per cent. of infested
beans germinated, and of these 30
pei' cent. were so badly injured that
they could not develop into normal
plants.
In gathering the crop, exercise
care, the bulletin urges to'leave no
portion of it in the field, as seeds
scattered on the ground or left in
shattered pods on the dried vines,
may carry the pest over winter, and
furnish a supply of weeviis the fol-
lowing summer. The crop should
be harvested as soon as possib_lg_
after reaching maturity and the seed
thrashed or shelled soon afterwards.
Storing in the pod docs not confine
the weevils. Immediately on placing
the. seed in storage, fuiiiigate with
carbon disulphid or carbon tetrach-
lorid, These chemicals when expos-
ed to the air vaporize into a heavy
poisonous gas which immediately
kills the weevii. Carbon disulpliid is
the more generally used, though car-
bon tetra.elilodir` has' the advantage
of not being ii;iflaininable_ Seed to be
fuiiiigated should be placed in an alr-
tight container, such as a tin can_ or
barrel. The chemicals, used at the
rate of from 2 to 4 pounds to each
500 cubic feet of space to be funii-
gated, should be poured over the top
of the seed, and fuintgation should
continue for from 24 to 48 hours.
When there is only a small quan-
tity of seed, the \vecvil may be killed
by heating the seed in the oven for
several hours. The oven should not
be hotter than 120 to 145 degrees
Fahieiiheit. Dipping seed in boiling
water for one niinutc is also an effec-
tive remedy. Wcevlis will not feed
or cause damage at low temperatures,
and if seed can lie kept in coldstor-
agc at a tciiipcraturc oi’ 32 to 43 dc-
grecs i»‘ahrt-nlielt, no trouble from
this pest will result.
A Popular Move.
In adopting the suggestion in
favor of standardization of potatoes,
the Ontario. Vegetable Growers' As-
sociation, at their annual convention,
made a move that, as well :is being
in the direction of an ultimate bone
fit to thc industry, should go to make
the association popular with the
home consumers of potatoes, which
means almost tho entire population
of Canada. No other product is so
widely used, noi' no poorly prcpai‘rtl
for market as is the potato crop, and
growers may rcsi n.ssurcd that it
guarantee to the consumer that his
purchases of this staple will be ac-
cording to saniplc, will result in a
iuuch stronger market for potatoes.
Since it iiiust bc adinittcd th:it»thc
loss entailcd in_acceptiii|; potatoes
of mixed quality has becoinc very
generally realized since food pro-
ducts of all kinds began to iiicrcase
greatly in price with the outbreak
of the war, anti as roiisunicrs in gen-
eral have learned the lessons of look-
ing for the most possible in the wny
of actual food .vnluc for the money
expended, potatoes will have to stand
comparison in this regard, wilii what-
ever other food is capable of giving
the desired results.
Horses for Boldlcrs.
A large number of horses are rc-
quired for soldiers who take up land
under the land scttleineiit scheme,
and H. G. Williams of the Live Stock
Department, Soldier Settlement
Board, is in Sasktitclicwan making
arrangements for stiibling ns well nr.
for purchasing the horses that will
be required. According to Mr. Wil-
ri large number of good gen-
eral purpose horses suitable for
agricultural work will bc required,
Saskatoon and Regina to be distri-
buting points for the provin e, and
about five hundred horses wllql prob-_
i
iilli THE BREEDING PEN
s'I~2I.I~It"i`Ii).\I 'f)I~‘ BIRDS hIUS'l‘ BH
.\I.\I)I'I tiAltI<Jl"l`IiLY.
l'lgiiri»iis, \\'<~li (iiro\vii Young I<‘ii\\'le~'
of I~iitlici' Sex .'\i'c Nccili~¢l_.S‘uii\e
.\<-i-uliiif uf thc Ext(-.i-iiiil Mark.-i,
:iiicl llmv tu ltlciitify the Ileiiei
'l‘hiit I.ii_v \\'licii Trap Nests Arc
.'\`<;l l'st'tl.
it is time flint prcptiimioiis were
ititlvr \\'.ty for lliif iii't-ediiig si'-tisoii.
l'iit» iii;iit= liii-it or birds that :irc to
ii- i|:a~d tor iiriei-iliiiig shoiild have
ti-vii _.1 lt~l\il bii`iii't- liii.-1, and be iii
iriiiic i-oiiiiiiioii. ilii-at viii-v ought
ii |.~~ nxt-i'i-i:.iii| iii liiie :sii<=i‘ti<iii uf'
iii- iii-iii-. ilu- is iiiiii'i~ Ihtiii half Iii.-
'ift-li, iii- atom- iiiaii iiimiii stir(-i=s.<,
-i luiliiiv, it i:i also iiiipiirfaiiit iii
|_':,- iiiily tlii- li<:.t fiiiitilvii. l)ii iiiit
iriit-ii i'iii:;i the ivliiiit- iii»i‘li_ 'l`tik»~
ii»i.:.- ;y\l_\' i`i'oi‘_i \'.iiii'li guoil fypir
i. li? .iitiiis viii--its iiiay he i-_\;pei-li-il.
\’ll1iH"t'i.'i. ‘-\'i-il ;.,'i'i;.\ii t-iiriti-i-t~i."»,
li ». »-:iz iii liigii piuiiliii-liifx, if-|m,|i-;:_
lit/:|lt| he ii:;i-tt, its liii-_y nic iiiiii'<»
i-l.:il_i-- ai.; liit-init-i's tliuii ut;-‘il viirilt..
`lii:: iliiiv. ::<»t iiivuii ilitii 1-in-li liii‘r.l:s
iiiiiilil iiiit ln- ii.-;i~il. 'lliity :.iii»iilii,
iiil oiiiy lliu::.- rot-li birds; that liaive
iziiirii liit-ii' vigoi- :iiiii afiilily to
ii-tiiliicv :;t:'oii;;, iii:.'ii-pi'o<iiit-infc'
lurk.
'i'|ii-:'.i- i:i:il<i1 :aliouid bi: iiiaiti-ii not
ii llii- \\i»ii|<- fiiivii, liiit iii :ii-it-i'ii»ii
ii-1 :ag :iiid to ::ti‘oii_:~_, wi-ll-i;i'o\\'ii pul-
it:', lli;it li;i\\- .~'.Iio\~.'ii hy tlii-ii' \\iti-
.'|";i pt-i'|'i>i‘iii1iiii'<~. ilial ills-y iizivv llii»
_i_-gli-i;i_\'iii;;' cli;ii':ii'i\-i'.
‘.\Ii<-ii ilir- puiit-is are put into
lil ir \\'itili.-i' iititiriurs iii thc full
lima ish :zliiiiiiii he ki-pt on tht-iii,
iiiii iinti- iii:tiii- or those that start iii
_ny curly :ind are Itcisisiciit iii pro-
iltictiiiii. if tiup~iict:ts art- tim-ti, sti-
ii»i~t tiirirrt- liirilzs that iiiukil tilt- liigli-
i-_.| ri'<'oi'il;i, pmyiiii-tl they are suit-
.iiilc iii otiii r i'<i:;1it-i-tr., llizil is, if they
cuiii`iii'i|i to the i‘i_-qiiirfliiiciits oi` the
t,l't‘t\ri.
lf lrzip-iitsfs :irc iiof iifscd, ticpciid-
vitro will liatve to lie placed on Ux-
tiiriirii iiidit-.aliiiiis ot' proilticliiiii for
rusli-riitiii, `
Wlie-ii ai piillct of ti yellow-sitiiiiit-<3
\‘:ti'i<»fy, :xiii-ii aiu the l,c;;.‘io|'ii, l'l_\'~
:iiiiiilii liiirlt, \\’,\':\itiliiffi: ur ltliodi~
l_»l;iii<l it1'<l°:;tuil:; to lily, livi' If-its uiiti
liiutlt will lit- i'i\'li-/‘iiiiiiwfil :us wi-ll all
ltvi' sifiii, A1; laying |it'iigi'vs:;ts slit*
lists up tlic surpliis fat iii flic body,
anti iliie \':ti'iiitis paris li\~;1iii io fziiiu.
'i`iiu1;t' 1.-ii.;iti_11i‘s itikt- plziru in the foi-
lo\'_'ini.: ordei-_ 'i`hi~ rent rapidly ftitief..
:ui iliti! ii pull* vent itiilirzifts iliaii iiii»
bird is laying. 'l`li<~ eye-i'iii;.','tliiit is
ilit- iiiiii-i' vilitiei ui’ the vyvlitls,
iilt~;it'ii out ai friiit- tiiore sio\\'1y tiiaii
tiii- rl-nt. 'i`iii\ t-:'.r-liiiivs iil` l.t~;_;litii'ii:s
ttiitl sviiiiilzii' Whitt--liilii-il liii'ti:; illvucii
out ti little iiiorc :slowly than thc <-_\'\--
riiig, so tiizit at bii'tii'iii'll i-:ii‘-lolw
iiivaiis it iitflc loiiitcr or gi'i»:ite~r pru-
diicliuti than a blcaclied vciit or cyc-
iid.
'i`liu next ciittngc is iii fliu beak.
lit-giiiiilni: at the hiifsc 'the color
;1i'iidiiaiii_\' tlisappi»ai‘.~i uiitil ii iinziily
-lea-\'t-s -(lit: front pnrl of thi: uppci'
bilzik. A iilcticlit-ii licak iiietiiis lit-:ivy
|ii‘udii<~|liiii for at it-:ia-at thc past ftiiii
lo six wi-i-ks. The siianks :iriz the
slowest to iilcut-li out so tlizii lilc-;it~li-
cd iiiitiiiks iiiay l.~- lakt-ii as an indi-
rnlioii flitil flit: bird has liecti laying
for at <~iiii:;itlvi-uiili- time.
Iii the :tliseiicv of li':ip-iivsts, |lii~r<»-
i`oi'i=, suit-rl those tciiialcs til' stiituhli-
typo that sliiiw by their fzitirti siiaiikn
that they have been iii-tniiiciiig livuv-
ily during thc \\'iti|<-i' se-zisoii. li
flii-se birds are iii laying coiidilioii.
the vent will be large and iiioist, thi-
abdoiiioii dilated sri that llic pi\I\'li»
ziivlies will bc wcll sprvzid and ilu
koi-l forced down away i'roiii tin
pelvic arch so as to give t-apacity.
'l`lic abtioiiieii will lm soft and pii~
able.
Tito. liens flint will harp litwii rr-
servcd for lireedcrs will bc tfitlici
iliose that have good trap-iii»sl i'<~-
curiis oi' that wi-ru si~ii~i-lcd iii thi.
fall by iippc;ii'tint~t». ’l`licsi\ will iiavi
been vigorotis. alert, at-.tivo birds tliui
have been late in iiioultiiig, iliui li;i\'i
hlcziciii-d out siiaiiks :ind tiizit sliou
the viirloiisi cli;ii'actei'istics pi‘t-viuiis:
ly iiii-ntioiicil.
Thi- iiuiiibvi' of fciiialrei to :film-.' tt.
at iiiale will tit-pviid iiii the i-iiiiiiitiuiz:
uniirr wliicli they are 'ki-pt. i-`o.
bi-t-oils of the unfit-i':il-piii'piis~- |_\p~
sul-li as llucks or \\’y:iiiiiott<-:,, li
coiilineiiii-iii, <»i_-_'lit in 1: ii-iiiaili-s will
bo i~iitiii_cli, and l.<-_i:|ioi'ii:= 12 to 1:7
l't-iiiuivzs' i'iii' vtirii iiitiic. Uti l`i'i-tr i‘;ii\;4t-
iliv iiiiiiibt-i' iii:\y lit- itit-i'<-ttsiiii lf) ti.
2:1 lot' liio iii-;i\il~i' hint-tis iiiid 20 to
30 ioi' the l.t~giioriis_ -
};,i sun- to supply :iii tiluiiiilaiiic-
of gi'oi~ii food and iiiakv tiit- |»ii'd>
1-xvi-r-iso f`i'r\ci_v for their ::.-raii-li
grziiiis. lm iiol it-eil o‘.'t-1'-stiiiiiiititina
l`evd.~:. Sci- that with tht- guild ti-vii
llii‘i'e uri* frviiii air, luis of' stiiisliiiit
and sntiitary coiitlitioiis.
'l`|'i>i~§ ii.~ l~`t‘l\i't‘ Posts.
l‘laiiit frees airing tli~~ liiii- of per-
nitiiiciii wire ikiiiccs fo .~.t\i'\'t- :is po.-if:
wlivn the posts 'mu' iii the groiitiii
rut mit. 'l`|'ccs raiiiiot ht- ;1rii\\'ii iii ii
day. liut il` a f`:iriiit~r can look ai itil
bigvciiiii tht- prcsciit and i'i‘solv\~ to
itiahi an iiiipi~o\'i-iiiciit that will
lit-iictlt not only liiiiiscli, but his du-
sctfiiilutits, he can hardly do :i wiser
iliinu fliuii plant, liurdy. qiii<-k-[.:i'o\\'-
ing trees along his it-iicv iiiii-s. li_\
pizititiiyg Miiiiilolia and hard iiiiipli-s
:ilu-i‘iiulcly thc Miinitiiliii '.'uri<»t_\' will
come into use curly, and the iiiort
valuable but i<|~'»\vci'-;;i'o\viiig tree,
can bc iiiaile to si-i-vc inter on.
E (`<tl)\\'t bs.
Siva-cp down the rohwclis which
have glifiieiwul iii thc i~ow-slit-d uni;
stable during the wiiitcr, and thi-ii
give at cotitiiig tit' wliiii~wiisli_ to
ivliicli luis in-cn added a little ci-udt
t-itrbolli‘ or oflici' ilisiiifecttiiii.
Wliitt~\\':isl\ iiitiiu-s iiiv inti‘i'ioi' light.
clean and liealiliy.
\'cgt-ttililc (lil In .Iiipiii\.
The vcizcinblc till iiiillu in Koiiv,
Japan, have prodiit-ini.: ciip.icitii‘r
\'ar_\'lng froiii 10,000 lu 360,000 gall-
ions a iiiimili.
.____._..i______.
The Loudon County (‘.ouiiril has
offered 250 trade scholnrsliipsi for
ably be sold to returned soldiers fren
°!£l.‘_i££'Ll*_\_l“°¢. .l2‘?_l.‘.‘3._....___.._.
bon between the ages of 12 and 16.
_-.,_-_-_-,-_-,-_-_-¢_-_-_-.-_-~ -: - 1- 1- -Y: 1:- :_-='-'ff ff:-f~‘~ »~'-'-'-‘-‘-‘-‘-'-‘- ~‘-1’-1 ~ - - ~'-'- --  - - - Y- - f _ "
TRAPS Will Kill RATS
uavs Paovnn vnnv ummm
As ninsruovuus. __,
Inexpensive Snap or Guillotlue Devlnd
Useful for General Use-- They
May Be 1’ln|:cd In Great Variety
of I<‘avoni.hlo Spots Around Farm
` -Small Breeds of Dogs Valuable.
No opportunity to kill rats should
be neglected on the farm. Trapl,
dogs, cats, and poisons may be use-
ful. The first need is traps and B.
knowledge of how to use them. The
most reliable traps for general use
are the inexpensive snap, or guillo-
tine, traps. Many efficient kinds are
on the iiiarkct, but the cheaper ones
are rarely to be recommended for
durability. Those that have sheet-
metal bases are not desirable, as
rats fear and avoid them. Snap
traps should bo set so that they will
spring at a sligiit touch. They may,
bc placed in rat runs, at rat burrows,
behind boards leaned against the
wall, and in a gi-eat_varlety of other
favorable places. Dry oatmeal (roll-
eil outs) is recoiiiiiiended as a. bait
for both rats and mice. Place a few
grains on thc trigger pan or under
the trigger wire, with a few grains
near the trap.
The wirc-cag`e trap, if substantially
made, is useful on the fui'iii_ Coarse
bait is rcqiiired, and iiiay be hung
from thc top of the trap by a iight
wirc. Soir thc trap on a floor oi' on
a bozird, lay u.' short board on top,
and cover the whole with an old
cloth or giinny stick. leaving only
thc trap entrance uncovered. The
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gf I __ _ .V..-_-=.1,.32;2>=;-,,gs=';i.‘?._;1__ilk:;V;_`_ 
Guiilotine Trap With Wooden
and Trigger Plate.
trap may be baitcd and left open for
xi. night or two until rats learn to
feed inside, after which a good
catch iiiay be expected. An excel-
lent plan for using the cage trap is
to bore ti. hole two or three inches
in diameter at proper height in the
door of 'granary or feed i'ooiii. The
hoiei may bc covered with a metal
slide when the trap is not in usp.
Set the trap inside the granary with.
its entraiice fitted to the hole and
cover and bait in the usual manner;
any rat entering the granary is
caught. The same plan ,is applic-
able to rat holes in other situations,
and it has been used effectively be-
tween connecting rooms of cold stor-
age wareiioiiscs.
The small breeds of dogs, espe-
cially terricrs, are valuable as rat
killers on the farin. 'l`liey are easily
trained and are always available
when needed. Wlicrcvei' rats are
routed from nests or harbors these
dogs are eager for the fray. When
shocked or stacked grain is moved or
tiirasiicd they kill iiiaiiy rats Some-
times at bari‘ici', or fence, of iight
boards is placed about ii stack, and
dogs inside get nil the iodeiits dis-
lodged. in this way 500 or 600 rats
have been destroyed froiti at single
stack. _
Cuts :irc useful about farm bulld-
lngs iiiaiiiiy liircaiisc they kill mice.
Soiiictiiiics they hunt and destroy rats
bitt at cat that will kill an adult rat
is rare. The chicf objection to cats
on a farm is their persistent de-
striictlon of song birds. A good cat
is valuable when her killing propen-
siiies can be confined to rodent pests,
but thc iiiajority of felines are
worthless or' actually injurious on
thc ftiriii.
Great caution should always be ob-
sorvcd in the use of poisons, but
tlicrc are sitiintioiis on the farm in
which priisoiis tiiuy be used safely anti
<~fti>i»ii\-<»i_v_ in thc open fields pois-
oned grain iiiuy bc .scattered near rat
biii'rows_ iii thc poultry yard poisons
may lic exposed for rats inside dark-
cncd boxes. A small, rather shallow
box containing the baits is set on
the groiiiid willi a larger box inverted
over it. A liolc in the larger box
will tiiliiiit thc rat to thc food, vrhiie
chickt-ns will bc sale. Strychnliie is
the safest poison to use where poul-
try run, bc-cniisc hens are immune
to small quantities of this poison.
Slioi-thoriis Took First. '
In thc block test at the last fat
stock show, held at Buenos Aires by
_the ltiirzil Society of Argentina. ani-
mals of the Sliorthorn breed were
first and third in tt class of 13, while
second and third places were taken
by an Angus cross and n pure-bred
Angus respectively. _
llritniii Imports Hams from China.
Nvarly 2.000.000 Pounds or hams.
valued at $650,000, were exported
from Chinn during 1917. Great Bri-
tain was the principal importer. The
Ciilni-so consume vast quantities of
hams and pork. Pigs are rung),
everywhere inytihlnn, :L_ _ i
K
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