e igion By very Rev. George (i. Pldgeon, D.D., LLB. grim Moderator of the United Cbareli of Canada (Copyright) our recent travels we met an mrestin: observer on osieof the h" Q A native of England. he has “"113 his ear to detect the differ- m [LL-cents of the people from dif- m y, English counties and often 1.2m different sections of the aes-ne county- . or on a train was out. of Apt-S a bit disagreeable one d”, and our friend tookoecasion T91 '°..‘§§"§,,.. talk that. way when at home in Wiltshirc ' “How do you know that I am lishire " “Tigris. accent. You were born within twenty miles of —— (t town which he named)? nt- identified us by our numb es ming from a certain part of East- n Canada. What impressed us in which people reveal to a keen observer by larities of which they co er was the way themselves personal PEWI are unaware. 1t reminded one of the old story from the iiook of Judges which has ‘Mn h byword to modern tunes "m; Jqisthah of Grilled was fight- l": fm" his people's freedom. certain mg“ or Ephraitll became jealous of his success, tultl attacked him in- sierid of tiic enemy, Jeiphthah over- threw tlirm, and then watched for the fugitives at the ford: of the Jor- dan, When any stranger wanted to cross the river, Jephthslfs sentinel; challenged him and if he denied by"; an Ephraimite, they asked him to pronounce "Shibboleth." If he] ss;d"*sibboleth" he gave away his- carc. for no Ephraimite "could pro- i houuce it right." The men thus re- vealed their ancestry and place 0f 350d: by a peculiarity of speech of which they were unconsioiss. Thus it happens that we speak soornfuliy today o! mcn who require others to pronounce their "Shibboleths" as the condition of their favor. Ebnmple Powerful it. is each person's unconscious in- liueiice that is most penetrating and tar-reaching. Often we try earn- qgtly to recommend our cause to others or try to argue for certain con- victions only to find that it was the mail behind the argument which rorllllllfflfl. or antagonizeththe listen- er. In many a constituency it has happened that the clcverest political debator had the least. influence be- cause of a general lock of confidence in the man himself. On the other lisnd. the man who said least, often had the most weight because of the character behind his policy. Wisely has it been said: "What you are speaks so loudly that I can't hear what. you say." Thtre has been a. 300d dual of discussion lately about. effectiveness in leaching. All agree that a teaicher must know his subject and must know how to impart what he knows. But more thinkers than ever are insisting today that the personality of the teacher and the principles by which he lives count for more with (he student than his intellectual equipment. Several times lately have we heard this old stanza quoted: Msrlk Hopkins sat on one end of a fr. Aitti n schoolboy sat on the other; Mark Hopkins was there as a peda- sosue. Bizt he taught. like an elder lden y by the combination of a I dhrotlier. h - whit face with black moustache f" i C119 W 53 Milk 30PM"! and earrings, red back and tail, dughl- small size (barely larger than a Though his Lil-ll“ were poorer-id ills Greek were nought- For that i~cy on the 10g lie thought, thought he Through every hour of talk and iiz qt Thcbhe kind of a man I want to 9 is rue kind of a man Mark Hop- kins is. Uiies 5 iind 6 are mlstakcn; Mark Hopkins could retain the respect oi tho boy on the end of the log villi by mastery of the subject which he taught; nevertheless. the lflitll behind the learning was the mcs: hc-vrerful factor in making that bill’ What he wanted tn be. HOME INFLUENCE A ynting girl once went out from (fie private school near Montreal to ire-ch in a remote corner of the prrviiico. Her father was an old- ftvhzriied English school master, and; the had iZTCWn up in the atmosphere - vealed by his spirit and discipline u n fer ireennuit of IRONCIIIAI‘ ASTHMA Chronic Bronchitis ' Ewlrlolly prspemf te met lreoshlet "time end Chronic ire-ems doe to new “Plutwv Infection Clinical um s.» Proved the efficacy of [antigen "0". It you W" "t0 misery and defrost of lnnflel Aettme o1 ltlndllh all!’ lllilnl lentlgen "0' today. Oat Mo! with this III Illllen to the llnleeo hilly of lpveven dissolved Oral Vaccines- ycar: but the rest of us Canadians are not. liable to find one after the end of December—that is, not until March: when our snow ls disap- pearing. this tiny member of the Falcon group is comparatively Robin). and the habit of hover- ing over a field on rapidly best- ing wings. seine, particularly the male, whose beautiful blue-grey wings replace his mate's red wings barred with black. fe-w rapid wing beats. then a short sail, alternately. the wings are seen to be narrow. sharply pointed, and slightly back- s wide black band near the end. and as the bird first alights this are always chosen for observation Hawks sits erect and looks down A She brought into that pioneer settle- ment snd school something which they had never known before. Her personality. her manners, her speech, the way she showed her pupils how to speak and act, and her enthusiasm - foa- all that was good in conversation and social intercourse inspired the boys and girls to strive for a cul- ture above‘ anything they had aimed at before. She was. of course, an excellent teacher and diacipllnerianJ but it was the English gentlewomanl behind the lessons that molded those who came under her influence. One other pupils became a scholar of note in after years, and at the height of his attainments he said that. he never touched anything fine in English literature, or composition! without. feeling behind him the driva' of that girl's ideals. PRIYTENSE DETECTED This ls/w, which rules the teacher's efforts, is far more inuperious in the home. It is the passion of l Christian parents, in particular, to have their children become their spiritual heirs, and to reproduce in the growing child the faith and prin- ciples which mean more to than than life. The child is influenced only by what is genuine in our religion. It is necessary for the went to teach the truths of revela- tion and the laws of 00d, but it is only when iiihey sec us live our be- , liefs that they are impressed ‘by what we say. Those keen young eyes detect on the instant any hol-l lowness in our pretensions and any‘ unresllty in the faith we profess» m“? "miwwsl H°W did lheie Pfe- The atmosphere which we bring into the family circle. the spirit in which “w? whet kind of furniture did they have? How did they travel? 1r 1,, our work is done, the self-control behind the discipline to which we subject them, and the thousand and one little movements by iwhlch we reveal unintentionally what we really are, fonrn. their opinion of the worth of our religion to them and move them to accept or reject The same rule holds in all-~ our relationships. Once a student com-i maxi-ted 0n two leadefs of a Chris- tion group in the university: "There l5 BO-fl-Yid-SO; you would never take him for a Christian. But that com- panion n‘ h"5_m° mmnent Y0“ me" were Mr. F. B. Gamble and Mr. him you feel something in him that one would give anything to have." BULLETINS FROM BIRDLAND WlNll-‘REIJE. witsoit SPAR-ROW HAWK Dwellers in southern Ontario may see the gay-coloured little Sparrow Hawk any clay of the Distinctivcly marked, easy to Both sexes are hand- A characteristic manner of fly- ing may catch our attention: s When in flight. bent. A long, straight tall shows is “pumped" up and down. The tallest available dead trees points. There the little Sparrow upon its hunting grounds — open fields, or land where timber has been cut or burnt. In spite of the name, it prefers grasshopper’! to Sparrows. Also crickets. cater- pillars, beetles, and spiders come on the summer diet list. In late fail and winter it. becomes a pro- ficient mouse trap. And so this is really a beneficial Hawk. Years when grasshopper: are at their peek the nesting of Sparrow Hawks should be very successful. They build in holes that have been gouged out by Flickera. The home is nearly always in the top of a high stump, but on the prairies a telegraph pole may be used in- stead. and they have been known to nest in rock cavities. holes in ban-ks. and even in crannies of outbuildings or artificial nesting boxes. The eggs are dbpealted on the bsrtrwood, and are not at all similarly coloured or marked. it is especially at thlsaeuon when the young family is being fed that we’ are attracted by the high, rapid call of the parents, "kiily-kliiy- kllly-killy-killy-killy" or "klee, klee, kiee." ‘ Some people prefer In name “Kestrel" to Sparrow Hawks, but certainly the term "Windhover". thou|h not scientific, is the most suitable. Have birds tongues? l i i record player. See ‘it today slmp. where she will spend the months. Bentrai Guardian Th“ “hum ll reserved fer sine Tm"? "W" my be manned hull: fiillsifm‘ ‘Wu’ W‘ com“ l" fivwmims. "Mum's T531. Phone 520. ssowariu ltIlclNNll Footwear-li- 175 Queen Streefm“ CONFEDER-ATI ' ' SUBANCE. 0N bu‘ n. on. uswm the Pfllyclinlc MRS ‘ - JOHNSTOIVS LADIES ¥PA5"'B_KPZBMS. Coats, Dresses, uits, Skirts, etc, will be away from until Nov, 5. l FLIGHTS t.o St. Pierre. Miquo 0n. For information call Maritime “will Mrwuvs Limited at 2061. CJUST ARRIVED. — Serenadcr Onsole, seven tube with triple speed 5°" Asemy. Kent Street. ‘SCHEDULED FLIGHTS dailv to Summerside and Momma Phone Maritime Central airway; Limited. 2061 or 5-10. NOTICE T0 ADVERTISERS. Advertisers are reminded that their will! must be in the Guardias not later than noon the prev. 1°11! dB-Y to guarantee insertion. Out of city advertisers who tele- PYIOM classifieds, etc. should p”. ticularlr bear this in mind. CHILDREN or TODAY amid be informed of the pioneer trail of decessors live? What did they you have anything to throw light on the past, bring it to the Historic Exhibition at Clover Club Novem- ber 3nd and 4th. History not essen- PHALANX SUPPER MEETING —On Oct. 3:8, the Alpha Chapter of Phalanx lit-id their weekly sup- pcr meeting rit Y.M.C.A. Chairman of the meeting was Primus Allison Jewell. During the meeting Mr. R. W. Manning conducted the induc- tlon ceremonies installing the new‘ tribunal. Guests for the evening Starling Moreside. Personals Mrs. Albro Howatt of Tryon is a patient in the P. E. I. Hospital for treatment. Miss Lois Ford of this city re- turned home Friday by pline after having spent a few days visiting friends in Fredericton, N. B. .._ Y F libtthews, M. P.. and Mrs. Matthews have gone to Geneva .. \.‘\\'sl':I'3 in Europe. and will be absent from Ottawa for two or three months. Miss Doreen Ross, who has been an employee of the Guardian Pub. Co, for the Past seven YBHTS. loft Saturday morning for Wollas- ton, Muss... and Mattapan, Mass. winter ARE YOU More irritable °' ""1 More“. but adverthlng of _ 21a GUARDIAN. Protestant Orphanage Coirlbutions SPECIALS lll- McDuff Account peg Mr. A. Johnrtone clam New Haven W. I. 1399 Mt. Morllh Isodfle A. I". k A.M. 18.04 Dundu Baptist S. s. z. MslpeqaeltoadbyMraIhs-neaoos A Friend 5m 82.00: Preston Beck. $1.00 Each: Victonwiliiams: Mrs. David Schumann: Mrs. Tierney; ‘Mrs. Fulton Robertson; lllrs. Harry "Elli-lb; Mrs. Elmer MsaRae; Mrs. Jack Stewart; Mrs. C. W. Kieiiy; M"- Gwrge Dewar; Mrs. Wesley Fwd; Mrs. Helen Jones: Mrs. G°°We Cudmore; Edgar Munn. 50c: Mrs. Lewis Goff. 36c: Mrs. Saunders’. T0tal-—~$20.85. St. Ptters my by Mrs. George Coffin $1.00 Each: George Collin; Mrs. W. W. Anderson; Rev. Mr. Mac. Pliers-on: Mrs. Gordon 1... Sander- son; Harvey MaicEwen; Effie Mm- Uwd; Newton Mani-Ewen; Mrs. K. MCCB-llilm: Mrs. Albert Qulgley; Mrs. Jack MacCalium; Winston Blrf: Eileen Sanderson. 75c Each: Mrs. J. Buck; Mrs. E. Quigley. 50c Each. Mrs. Alex. MacKlimon; Miss Lohms. Anderson; Mrs, w, Partridge; Mrs. M. W ; My, Jimmie McKenzie. aye s Total-SIODO. KdVl-fl 5W" by Wosnesra Institute $2.00: Harold Laird. $1.00 Each: sterling Miller; Blrsk- ine MaciMurdo; Mrs. Morph; C155. y. 60c Each: Samuel Waugh; Percy MaicMurdo. 50c Each: Rowse Yeo: Morris 5mm); Mrs. B. Walker; Eric Mac- Murdo; Frank Glover; Mrs. Ralph Moasc; Mrs. John Stavert; Mrs. Wm. Stavert: Mrs. Crawford Pick. etts; Mrs. Fred Paynter; Mrs. Horace Paynter; Ethel Callaghan; Mrs. Scc-tt Clark; Mrs. Robert H088; Mrs. Prank Bagloe; Mrs Leaman Caseley; Mrs. James Mur- phy; Robert Crozier. 25c Each: Miss Jessie Murphy; Janet Crozier. 'I‘ota.l-—$15.’I0. Mt. Stewart. North by Mrs. Russell Clarke Mrs. H. W. MacKay $5.00 $2.00 Each: W. L. McLeod; Earl Jay; Russell Clarke; Stirling Clark. $1.00 Each: Mrs. Jonathan Af- fleck; Bruce Aflleck: Harold Af- fleck; Mrs. Lloyd Jay", Mrs. Frank Rose; lVLrs. McLeod Douglas; Mrs. Mercer; Mrs. Addison Coffin; Mrs. Luther Coffin; Mrs. Chester Coffin; Mrs. Ralph Garnham; John Garri- ham; Montague MacKay: Mrs. Rus- sell Clarke. 75c: Mrs. Robert Pigott. 50c Each: Mrs. MacEwen; Mrs. Freddie Affleck; Mrs. Rny Leard. 25c: Mrs. James Campbell. '1‘ota.1-$29.50. Mt. Stewart South by Mrs. L. E. Jay $1.00 Each. Mrs. L. E Jay; Mrs. Roland Jay: Mrs. Aldon Birt; Mrs. Wm. Douglas; Mrs. Fred Clarke: Mrs. Daniel Clark; Mrs. James Jar- dlno; Mrs. Alfred Affleok; Mrs. Alvin McKenzie; Mrs. Robie Bond; Mrs. Esther Clark; Mrs. Wendel! Glover: Mrs. Elmer Jay. 50c Each: Mrs. Arthur McLaugh- ian; Mrs. Francis Affieck; Mrs. Lane Pigott; Ida Pigott; Mrs. Leith Those Days? Has the "wear-amf-tear" _of modern living-with its daily atru gle to make ends meet despite shortages and “high pncea"—-begun to soear on your nerves? Do you feel you're not gettin enou hrest-mnd feeiso ed y lialf tlge time, you can't enjoy life any more? Well, you can't help the unha py condition of the world -bu€ you can help rselfl Because thousands o Cana- dian men and women sayjzhey find they take these wornee us their stride-after taking Dr. Chase's Nerve Food fora while. This well-known tonic which . contains Vitamin_B1. iron and other needed minerals- build _up your vitality and oi a in toning up your whole system. Get: Dr. Chase's Nerve Food today! See if you don't ml better, eat better, Ieelvfetfer. The name “Dr. Chase “ll your auurence. Tbelar e economy size" is your best uy. u Affleck: Mrs. P L. Coffin; Mrs. rs v1 Affleck. 35c: Mrs. Henry Coffin. Total 416.85. Grand ‘Iiotal for Mt. Stewlrb-SQMRS. m MEMORIAM In memory of Mr. Henry Coffin of Cherry Hlll, who departed this life October 81st, 1941. Only "Good Night" farewell A little while and all His saints shall dwell In hallowed union usiidivislble "Good Night. “Good Night. Good Night." Lovingly ltebnembered by ~Wife and Family. beloved. not PRESTON. Ont. -- (UP) - Not. content with e. new headquartirs in a converted stone barn; Pros- ton's Girl Glllded are looking for more money to furnish it. Tncy are hunting soap box tops in hopes of winning a prize from the soap company. lspeim and llnele Illiy If Bllftorii Melrlde CHARLOTTETOWN PAGE THREE Edgar Dale. Professor of Edu- cation, Ohlc State University, and member of the National Commis- eion for UNESCO, suggests what teachers can do. Reported by Emma Scott, staff writer, Journal of Arkansas Education. What. can my school do about peace? How can I, an yordinary teacher in an ordinary classroom, add my influence toward world peace? These questions are trou- blinig all of us./ Certainly any teacher who sub- scribes to the two democratic fundamentals of the worth of pac- ple and the power of education feels under constant pressure to do something. We reognize our obligation to help build world peace, but we ask: "What can one person really do?" It was just. such questioning which prompted an informal round table discussion last summer smonig s group of education writ- ers at the University of Chicago. Leading the discusion and serving as a resource was Dr. Edgar Dale. professor of education at Ohio State University and member of the National Commission for UN- ESCO. The answers which came out. of that discussion were not sen- sational or dramatic. (Perhaps only the atom bomb is that, and it doesn't make for peace.) But A person's immunity to diseases varies from time to time for a number of reasons. For example, his immunity is certain to be less (l) if he is very tired because of eltiicr physical or mental work; (2) if he has bccomc chilled from exposure; (3) if hr.- has been liv- ing where there have been over- crowding, filth, and poor ventila- tion; (4) if he lias not enough of tlie right kinds of food, containing sufficient supplies of energy, building materials. and especially vitamins; and (5) ii’ ho is weaken- ed from a recent attack of some Liebig was not born a baron, but was the son of a poor dry- salter of Darmstadt, Germany, in which town Liobig was born in May. i803. He loved to try the experiments of which he read in old books. After many struggles for education he was befriended by the good-hearted Humboldt. Through his influence and the help of othcr friends, Lie-big went on with his studies and in time became the greatest chemist and the greatest teacher of chemistry in Europe. He gave new life to chcmistry, and train-ed men from all parts of the world. The thing that he did for England was in relation to agriculture. In spite of the ordinary farm- yard manure, the land WHS getting poorer and poorer, because the crops took so much out of the soil that could not be replaced. Liebig insisted on the use of arti- ficial fertilizcrs. chemical sub- stances containing the PFOPGTlIBS which the land requires. Now one day Buckland had noticed ladies wearing, as part of their le-welery, stones which. by their markings. he rcsognized as fossils. These ornaments were neither more n01‘ less than food which. eaten mil- lions of years ago by animals. hid bccn converted ln- the earth into fossils. He_ discovered Zflnt stores of these coprolites, as he called them, buried deep in the earlli. ' Liqibig went to visit Lord Play- fair, a great scientist and noble- hearted man. W110 imimg 0th" things, had translated Licbig‘: writings into English. . When Llebig was visiting Play- falr, Buckla-nd showed him his CROPPING There is no one question of greater importance to the farming industry than that of soil fertility. ln order that the industry may be successful, it is not enough to pro- duce crops; it is necessary that the production shall result in a genuine profit. That is, it is not enough to produce crops which bring more than they cost in the way of labor and fertilizers, with- out. taking into consideration the effects of their growtloupon the future productive capacity of the ll. “No man csn do his beet when sick; neither can a soil! Soils be- come sick when they are forced to produce the same croP 01' “New related crop! 3'88!‘ an" 7°“ without change. Like yourself, soils not only 9n- joy variety of diet but evidence their appreciation by incrNw-‘l and more profitable production- l-lence has arisen "CF09 “Pm-"wf" a general farming practise which consists of in having from two to five unrelated crops 00w?! "19 land in prescribed milieu". Wild‘ 1y gum,‘ u many, often more years. _ The advantages of rotation are: l, Each crop of s well Dllflflfid rotation leaves the soil in 800d physical condition for (he next; Z- faults and disadvantages of one caused by a combination of heal. gravity, and the earth's rotation. The sun heats some parts of the earth's surfsce'more than others. These warmer parts in turn heat the lower eir immediately over tiilm. cussing this air to expend. This warmed expended‘ sir is lighter than the surrounding Ill‘ lid therefore tends to rise or IMPROVEMENT liN EDUCATION _ PEACE COMES IN SMALL PIECES we did work out some. principles and techniques useful in a clau- room, in a faculty meeting, or in the committee of a professional organization. ' “Wha-t precisely do teachers do when they are working toward peace?" was the question we put to Mr. Dale. He replied, “First, peace like charity begins at home —in the classroom, in our home town. “Second. the time to begin is right now. Quit taking the un- fruitful. backward-looking atti- tude that we should have start- ed five, ten, or twenty years ago. “Third, peace doesn't men ab- sence of conflict. Any society that isn't static is going to have conflict. It's a sign of life. We can't eliminate conflict from the world, but we ca-n learn how to make conflicts manageable." The ingredients of peace and of war are precisely the same. Both, are dependent upon how people arrange their relationships with one another. Peace results when those relationships are arranged] with intelligence, understanding. and regard for others. War is human relations gone wrong. And war and peace take place in home, school. and club as well as on the FACTORS AFFECTING IMMUNITY LIEBIG NEWFOUNDLAND battlefield or in the conferences of diplomats. (To be continued). , disease. You can therefore in- crease your immunity through healthful living. You should keep regular hours and have plenty of sleep, fresh air, sun- shine, rest and play. Even after one has become iii. it is possible with a number of -the diseases to assist the body in overcoming the attack by inoculat- ing it with a serum containing quantities of antitoxin. These serums are usually obtained from the blood of young horses. cows, goats, or other animals which have been given mild attacks of the disease. store of fossils. Playfair took away some of the fossils, had them ground up in his laboratory. 80d found that they abound-ed _in phosphate of lime. the Very thin! the soil needed. This l! "W" gave Llebig the idea of utilizinii ground bones for fertilizing the soil, and then and there began the great artificial-fertilizer industry in England upon which its aiflcul‘ tui-e so much depends. (The 300k of Knowledlel- , The Newfoundland Te8¢h9f5 ‘ of the world's supply of copper. winds. The cold _dispisced air from above, flowing (hwnward, in the surrounding area to re- ! place this surface air, slightly in- ‘creases the surface air pressure land produces a high pressure ares. The warm rising air re- ducu the pressure under it ard produces a low pressure area. i The foregoing is the basic cause ‘and sequence of all air move- | ments. They are. however, modi- l fled by the earth's rotation with ‘its equatorial region toward the .sun. Thus, the greater heat of i this region causes the air over it g to be warmed and rise, producing - an equatorial low pressure belt of ' hot ascending air. This draws the i cooler surface air from north and l WORLD CROPS AND THE Two-thirds of the world's sup- fl of sugar comes from Cuba, India and Java. The United States and Europe lead iii the production of wheat. The United States produces about three-fourths of the world's supply of corn. Southeastern United States pro- duces morc than half of the world's cotton crop, followed by India, China and Egypt. The United States produces half Tin is found in Bolivia and Ma- lay Peninsula. South Africa produces one-half of the world's supply of gold, followed by Canada and U.S.A. Diamonds: Belgian Congo, Gold Coast, Angola, Sierra Leone, Wood Pulp: U.S.A., Canada. Sweden, Germany. One-half of the world's supply of silver comes from Mexico and one-third from the United States. The United States produces half of the world's supply of copper. One-third of the world's output of aluminum (which is produced from bauxite) is mined in Arkan- sas and one-third in France. Canada supplies 90% of the world's nickel. Nickel la also found in New Caledonia and Nor- way. Potash salts are mined in France and Germany. The important producers of sul- phur sre Louisiana and Sicily. Two-fifths of the coal fields be- long to the United States and 1-3 to China. The United States produces over two-thirds of the petroleum supply and Mexico less than one tenth. The Caspian Sea region, lran. Iraq, the East Indies, Ven- ezuela, Colombia and Peru are Association held its first conven- tion in several years in St. John 5 during the first week of JulY- The secretary of the Canadian Teach- crs" Federation attended and ad- dressed lhe delegates. explfllnl!!! the work of our national federa- tion. Later in the convention. the A!‘ sociation voted unafiilmousl)’ 1° affiliate with the Canadian Teach- ers’ Federation. The New-found‘; land teachers are nBEOl-llll"! w" their government for a‘ P111165- slonal Act which would ll" ‘hem statutory membership. Of 911mb‘ 2,200 teachers on the Island, about 1.000 are voluntary members of m, Maximo", Mr. L. Partner. Principal of Prince of Wales Col- lege and Holloway SChPOI- st‘ John's, was elected president of the Association and the secretary is Mr. E. A. Bishop, P.O.-Box_16l3- St. John's, Newfoundland. 5106B the convention. the provincial lt was from a vigorous England that the Hudson's Bay Company was born in 1670. The full glory of Elizabethan rule had not. fad- ed, although the Queen had been dead since the third year of the century. Shakespeare had joined the immortals a half-cen- tury before, but Milton's Paradise Lost was a comparatively new book-only three years old. The GraafFire had swept London in 1666, and Christopher Wren was planning St. Paul's Cathedral. Charles II in 1670 had already been Kin-g of England for a period , of ten years. He had around him men who had fought for his father and suffered exile under the Commonwealth; men who knew adventure in war and peace. In arts, sciences and trade, there was a restlessness and an eagerness for new fields to conquer. The first charter of the Hud- son's Bay Company is preserved government has approved of a grant of $200,000_for iihe 1P”- provement of salaries and neiolli‘ iions are under way for a better pension scheme. C.T.li‘. News Letter. SYSTEMS rected in the next: 3. Pl")! £°°d5 may be maintained in better bal- ance and supply than when the some or related crops ‘are SFQW" continuously; 4. plant diseases and insect enemies that live in the soil are starved out; 5. “Pub” from weeds is reduced: 6. ‘lbw’ is economized for various of the above reasons; '1, one or m0" 05 the crops (green manurehmsin- lllhi or helps to maintain the supply of humus in the soil and when this crop is a 161W?" 9-3- clover; 8. the Iuvslv 0t hum!" in the soil is supplemented or maintained at trifling cost. Rotation of crops implies "Id includes rotation of tillage. min- urlng and other cultural practices so the land benefits both directly and indirectly. Underline the word or express- ion in each group which has s word similar to the word in brac- kets: (mar): make. strike. (requisite): quired. fair. quiet. tspureheud" give, name, arrest. illififfll-lnd- (placid): perfect. lazy, calm. cauti- ous. (apt): likely. prepared. loud- lntend. spoil. dainty, re- w e s k. t somfbre): yellowish. gloomy, irritable, glad. (mature)! plump, tihln. younl. full-IWW" (enterprise): reward. penalty. 0X- lessen‘: treatment may be cor- ‘giakusperalig-lleenlai’). “irre- ‘ti: THE WINDS The winds of the world are push upward, compressing the pence, undertaking. (accumulate): cooler air above and thereby ren- dering it denser and heavier. This higher, denser sir in turn tends to move outward from over the preslure zone and downward be- cause of its increased Weilhl- The warm air is thus permitted to rise. Ind cooler surrounding sur- face sir is drawn in in replace the in Hudson's Bay House, London. It consists of five sheets of parch- ment, each measuring thirty-one by twenty-five inches. and upon these are inscribed the truly im- perlsl powers whtzh "The Gover- nor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay" were to enjoy. Rights to "sole trade and com- merce" within the entrance of Hudson Strait were bestowed by Charles upon “our dear and en- tirely beloved cousin. Prince Ru- . pert“ and his associates. They wereyio be. said the charlor, “the true and absolute Lords and Pro- prietors." It is true that the King granted more territory than was than known to white men, but it was. as one writer has said. “the vehicle for the conveyance of an opportunity of limitless value, w- cause it was rightly used. but charter of 1670: England Trading Bay." Royal Charter. in the -posseseiois .THE ED U CA TIONAL HORIZON PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING south to replace it. thus general ing the steady trade winds nortl and south of the equator. Th. winds flow from higher laititud where the suriacc speed is lead toward the equator where sun face speed is greatest. The eartl passing eastward under the-m If an increasing rate of speed as ‘they flow toward the equator makes them seem to be blowing from an easterly direction. The subtropical calms of cool ascending air re-presenit air dis- placed from above the tropicl, which after flowing poleward over the trade wind ares, du- cends as high pressure belts at about 30 degrees north and south, to replace the surface winds blow- ing toward the equator. COUNTRIES run‘ STAND t suoisasr FOR mus WORLD IN PRODUCTION OF nus PRODUCT also producing areas. The four great fishing region! are (i) the North Sea area of Europe; (2) the area around New- foundland; (3) the coastal waters of wcstciii North America; and (4) the Japanese "Seas." Rubber IS derived from the’ milky juice of several tropical plants. The bulk of it now comes from the Malay Peninsula, nether- lands Indies and Ceylon. Coffee: Brazil, Columbia, Neth- erlands East indies, Salvador. Tea: China, British lnd-ia, Cey- lon, Netherlands East Indies. Newsprint: Canada, US.A., Uns ited Kingdom, Finland. Uranium. The two principafl commercial ores in which uranium is found are: l. Pitchblende; Z carnotite. There are pitclzblende deposifl in: Cornwall (England), in Ruse sis, in Sweden and Nor-way, i: the United States and at the St. Joachimsthal Mines Lu Czecho- slovakia. In Canada, I few mile] south of the Arctic Circle at Cam- eron Bay on Great Bear Lake, arc located the most recently discov- ered pitchblcnde mines. Kaiahga inthe Belgian Congo also produces pitchiblende. Csrnotlte, the other pro from which uranium is extracted, oo- curs principally in sandstone do- posits. especially in western Col. orado; other deposits have been found in South Australia and Portugal. Compounds of uranium have been used in coloring porcelain and glass. Uranium salts have been‘ used in photography, and uranium can replace tungsten in high-speed steel. China i; pro- ducing nine-tenths of the tungsten used for high-speed steel tools. HUDSOIWS BAY COMPANY worth had not those to whom it was granted and their successors known how to handle wisely the great affairs entrusted to their charge. ‘ In terms of geography todgy. the Adventurers were given the provinces of Ontario and Quelbec north of the Laurcntlan Hills and west of the Labrador boundary, the whole of Manitoba and Su- katchewan, the southern half o! Alberta. and the south-east corner of the Dominica's North Wed! Territories. It proved to be a yvell- drawri charter, for it withstood. all attacks upon its validity despito countless examinations in Courtl of Law. The Company's name today re- mains as it was in the original "The Governor and Company of Adventurers of into Hudson's There is pride in tihil of its ancient armorial bearing and in the unique right to fly i own flag-the red ensign wit! HBC in white on the red field. The headquarters of the Com- pany is Hudson's Bay House, Lon- don. nor, and committee make up the directorlatc, and determine met- A governor, deputy goven tcrs of policy and principle. Hudson's Bay House, Winnipeg, is the head office of the Com- pany in Canada. The Company's affairs in Canada are administered by the Candian Committee which meets weekly in Hudson's Bay House, Winnipeg, and is respon- sible to the Governor and Com- mittee in London. The business of four major de- partments is directed from l-lud- son's Bay House. Winnipeg. The-so departments — fur trade. retail stores, land. and wholesale. which would have been of no CURRENT Canada's population now is esti- mated al. 13,545,000. The population land is C. 348,000. Israel's population now_ is over 1.000.000. Canada's Minister of Finance is Hon. Douglas Abbott. Britain's Chancellor of the Ex- chequer is Sir Stafford Cripps. Minister of External Affairs, Canada, is Hon. Lester Pearson. Canada's Ambassador to U. S. A. ia Hon. Hume Wrong. of Newfound- i rising air, thus creating surface EVENTS Britain's Fnrcign Hon. Ernest BCVlll. Dr. Kionrad Adenatier Minister I is tihl Continued on page!) ' K . Y4¥VYYY.Y.YY\\ILY,W¥’ ma, This Department ls eon. ducted b the Prince Edward Island eaehcre’ Federation- Contribu are welcomed and should be oddrlned to Miller tiaeradycn, ll l-I Fel- ling S1,. Charlottetown. J0» AM’ ‘TEA 8: COFFEE Outstandirqg-Qqaliqs- Delicious Plasma‘- -‘ ‘ifiis fi-wo." g _<___ j; :1’