wni w i. Lovl O S! onmouauaaaaa. i. PAGE FOUR TilE cllllllonslovlll GUARDIAN Premium-W. Chuur S. llcLnr-c. ll. .. 1.. P, VIoO-Prllldolt-ul- I. Illlbfl Becrefury—l.lcut.-Col. D. A. IuKl-nllou. D. l- 0- l-Idltur and Managing Director-J. ll. Burnett. Anlwlnin lfdllorl-lirank Wallis: and D. ll. Currie llornlng Dally (founded 1087) 80-00 Der HM per year (in advance) mulled in your (In advance) dellvend. Canada and United Stnfu. FRIDAY» Ill-Ali. 20. 19$. _ A SOUND DECISION "The directors of the Charlotte- lcwn Driving Park and Hovincisl Exhibition Association are to be commended upon their decision, ltaken at Wednesday's annual meeting, to hold the annual Ex- hibition this year despite unfavor- able financial conditions and Imcertainty attending upon shortage of funds. It is not yet known what grant, if any, will be received by the Association from the Dominion Government. The grant from the Province has been continued but there is a reduction 1n the amount formerly granted by Ithe City Council-In these circum- stances it required courage to de- cide to carry on the Exhibillflfl activities this year, and it i; to be hoped that exhibitors and patrons will respond generously by 0°- operating with the Asociation to the fullest extent. As Mr. Bulilter well said at the meeting, the Plov- lncial Exhibition has become such a fixture that our people look for- ward to it and prepare for it as their annual holiday, The many requests received by the secretary for its continuance thg; year 1n- dicate that the decision 0i’ the directors to hold the Exhibition from August 22 to 26 will meet with strong popular Bpllmval. l! l-hi-i approval is expressed in a practic- al way, by large entry lists and large attendances, it will stimulate ‘Interest in agriculture and make for better business and freer cir- culation of money all around. iCOST OF GOVERNMENT l3 to Senator MbRae for an ex- i| haustive analysis of governmental 1' costs 1n Canada, presented by l nicans of charts with an flowin- v punying explanatory statement. In tj presenting his schedules Senator 1 McR-aa said they were not an st- p tempted solution of our financial p problems. but merely a compilation P or data which he believed might be gal assstance to others in endeav- mwaring to grasp the seriousness of rplthe financial situation so far as it affects our governments, federal. F“ irovincial and municipal. m llhe first chart presented, at- momtm was called by Senator Mc- laltse to the great change in the l ii i 'I‘hc Senate was indebted on May l l "i Iolrrcs of federal revenue that has "ioccurred since the War. Business “Sales, Excise and Income taxes ‘ - ch sprang up during the war wears now account for approximate- fly 45 per cent of current revenue, whereas Customs and Excise duties, ich accounted for 80 per cent cf 12-13 receipts, are estimated to provide only about 39 per cent of B93248 receipts. Marked changes pave occurred also in the case cf hxpenditures. Greatly augmented hebt charges, pensions and teeter-ans’ relief, assistance to the Canadian National Railways and - any other forms of federal rc- Zef and assistance, nearly all of hich enter into the category of - controllable expcnditurw, have pidly expanded until they have '~~- the most important factor the cost cf government. 1n the last twenty years, it was pointed out, Canada's position as to controllable pxpcridtures has been practically reversed. When In 1012 we controlled 63 per cent of our federal expenditures, we can bontrol only 37.7 per cent of the money we spend this Year. Tilt’- lremaining 62.3 per cent “goes to Jake care of fixed obligations. The schedules show that five im- portant federal departments, name- ly. Railways and Canals, National Defense, Public iWorks, Interior. Indian‘ Affairs and the Marine and Fisheries, altogether are spending than they spent twenty WW8 38°- r. reduction of 10 per cent this year, still account; for 8.7 per cent. o." the total Government expendi- ture for 1031-82. It would not ap- pcar that much further reduction on be made in these six demi- the the merits; yet in them two thirds of what is termed controllable ex- penditure is accoun‘ ’ for. Summarizing the result of other schedules, Senator McR-ae found the ,per capita obligations to the Dom- inion to be as follows: Direct Dominion Government debt $218.42 Canadian National Rail- ways debt to public, (80 per cent guaranteed) .. 123.38 ‘rotal per capita ......... $314.80 By means of other charts it was shown that during the past decade federal bonded indebtedness de- creased 23 per cent and federal per capita expenditures 34 per cent, while on the other band provincial debt had increased 128 per cent and provincial expenditures 59 per cent. The figures for the same period for municipalities showed a 30 per cent increase 1n bonded in- debtedness and a 21 per cent in- crease in per capita expenditures. From these figures it was noted that while reduction in bonded indebtedness and expenditures brought federal casts per capita dawn to an even keel in the last seven years. this reduction was more than offset by the gradual and continuous increases in both- pmvincial and municipal expendi- tures, until our total per capita cost of governmmt 1n 1930 ex- ceeded that of any year since 1921. SPRING FIRE MENACE Prince Edward Island is fortun- having no large ate, at this season of the year, in to Empire wooded are,“ statesmen of the Empire llorl-zs av TllE vuv i. Canada bu suffered {u less from two years of world wide de- pression than its great neighbor. For the eleven months ended January S1 C "an exports fell off only 17 per cent. while United States exports declined 38 per cent. The production of electric power here has decreased three per cent. as against six per cent. there. Con- struction contracts awarded in Canada during the 12 months con- cluding with February shrank 33 per cent. in the Dominion and 76 per ‘cent, in the republic. Rail- way car loadings fell off eight per- cent. as against 24 per cent. Manu- facturing production was down 13 per cent. in Canada cent. south border. ing ls in large measure attributable to the timely protective legislative action taken by the Bennett Gov- ernment as soon as it achieved of- fice. The lot of the agriculturist ls not depression, but it would have been much worse had the Conservative party not come into power in 1930. As for the future, every effort is being put forward to secure wider markets for all of Canada's agri- cultural and other primary pro- ducts, not only through the instru- mentality of the forthcoming Im- perial Conference. but through Ca- nada's trade agents in other coun- tries. Thirty years ago Tuppcr in this Dominion and Chamberlain in England were advocating mutual preferential trade. Nothing was accomplished but when the Em- pire Conference met in London in 1930 Mr. Bennett as Prime Minis- ter, representing Canada, breathed new life into the great project. English statesmen did not give im- mediate approval of Mr. Bennett's proposals but the British electorate did and the home Government has shaped its tariff measures accord- ingly, giving numerous preferences products. Now the are to lporest fires, m our “t”, Maritime meet in Ottawa within a few weeks to take up the whole question of Provinces and elsewhere, are ire- ported to be raging virithdevastating effect, and the work of combating these fires entails enormous ex- pense, not to speak of the loss necessarily sustained even with the most efficient fire fighting systems. While danger from such sources is comparatively slight in this Prov- ince, every csre should be t/aken to prevent outbreaks, particularly in the vicinity of farm buildings and residences. So far as fire protection for buildings is concerned, the Provin- cial Fire Marshal suggests, wherever possible, the shingling of roofs with fire-resistive material. If th‘! practice were employed generally he believes it would elimlnafc about fifty per cent of the fire loss in this Province. It is impossible al- together to safeguard against fire hazard. but modern equipment and uncessing v-iligance can do much to reduce this hazard to s minimum. STRIKING CONTRAST Contrasting the manner in which Canada and the United States are meeting their present crisis, the Financial Times of London, Eng- land. cites a leading British stock exchange firm of dealers a; bring- ing out in striking manner the dif- ferences that exists between the two peoples, so near and yet so far s- Dart. “In Canada," says The ‘limes in its quotation, “wé see confidence and determination to face the posi- tion and to win through it. In the United States are widespread fear and mistrust, beside! capricious frivolity, in Congress in approach- The Post Office department, after ing the problems of national fin- iance." Canada, it is declared, has a ‘banking system as strong as any in the world, while the United States suffers from a multitude of tinpot little banks-there were 27,000 banks in the United states before the crisis thinned their number. "Canada has a population mast- ly British, with a strong Scottish leaven, and s sound admixture ofi ‘steady. thrifty French blood. The joriglnal sober Puritan stock of the promoting trade between the Mo- therland and the various Domin- ions and between the Dominions themselves. Truly the Ottawa. Conference will be an epoch-murk- ing event, and one which cannot but have a great bearing on the future of the greatest Enlpire the world has ever known. A forest publication says: The greatest possible contrast exists be- tween China rind Japan in their handling of the forest resources. China has left all initiative to the private individual, with the result that in vast regions their is hardly a stick of timber available. Furth- ermore, the removal of trees from the mountain slopes has caused disastrous floods and destruction of human life. Japan, on the other hand, has long since set her forest house in order, and has an up-to-date and effective scheme of forest management to make tim- ber crops perpetual. Upon taking over Korea, Japan instituted re- forestation to such purpose that already two million acres have been replanted with thriving tree life. Nova Scotlsns paid more money in income taxes this year than ins: year, s total of $657,000 as com- pared with $570,000, according to the returns of the Halifax office of the Income Tax Department. As the rate oi taxation is higher for 1931 earnings than it was for 1930 earnings, the comparison docs not indicate that incomes were larger, but an interesting feature of the returns is that about 90 per cent. of those paying incomc tax paid their tax in full, on or about April 30, the final day of reporting, instead of paying only a portion of the amount now and the balance in quarterly instalments, with in- terest, as the law permits them l: do. An Ohio widow is suing an in- surance company for $5,000 worth of accident insurance, and in her claim she describes what surely must be one of the oddest accidents ever recorded. Her husband was playing golf. Having driven off from the first lcc, he started strolling down the fairway, swing- inlz his club as any golfer might. Somehow the shaft oi the club got entangled in his lens and tripped him. He fcll. struck his licnd on the end of the club,- find died n short time laicr. $3,300,000 less money this yeaPUnitcd States was long ago diluted~McXico City and lls cnvirolls and weakened by a stream of ad- ivcnturers of less stable tempera- ment. The Americans are now a ‘nation subject to the wildest out- bursts of optimistic enthusiasm, followed by the deepest and most peristenl». moods 0f depression and I pemoralization.’ " During 1930, fhcrc were sold in somel 18.500000 admissions in places of‘ public amusement. Of thcsc, iii-i 7005i 15,000,000 warn tickets i0 the movies; and only 160.000 were tick- ets to bull fights. ______ There are slxly countries, 1911']- tories and colonies and ‘minus Mediterranean islands whosc cat- "e. sheep and swine are afflicted on and 26 per- of the international Canada's preferred show a happy one in these days of world! A ran rm: cnannomrroww cvargp What but? at . your: l4’. Bnrlomflp i‘ i I By lumtf “GOOD CHILDREN" when I was a youngster in school, the principal often called my atten- tion and that of the other young- sters to the great achievements of the boy who led the class in his school work. 1n truth he had real ability as his showing throughout his university course showed. However none cl us were really envious of the boy because he sim- ply came to school, was very atten- tive during classes, and immediately went home to study, whereas most |cf the other boys played outdoors after school, hurried through their homework after the evening meal, and then out to play again until the I time set by the parents a! bedtime. What happened to this ‘brilliant’ I boy is just what happens to many i others like him—-boys who are "odd. quiet, stay of! by themselves, never play with groups of other boys, al- ways near when mother or teacher cell, who take criticism much to heart and brood over lt." His mind went back on him in such a way he was unable to continue his work of teaching, and had to do the simplest form of manual work which did not even pay for the food he ate. Would this same principal if he were alive to-day advise us to follow in the footsteps of this modern boy? We would not. Today he would get behind that boy, get him of! to play with the other boys, not so much for his body's sake, but for the sake of his mind. Our mental specialists tell us that most of their cases come from wrong training in childhood, and the above is just cneexample of the “wrong methods" of former days. To-day the important part in the mental hygiene of childhood is the planning of outlets for the natural energy of children. The present age is not trying to repress or keep down the energy or animal spirits of the youngster, but to cultivate it, and try to put it into wholesome lines of activity. “A person lives as a grown-up in a world with other persons and his i success or failure depends largely on his ability not only to get along with other people, but also to enjoy contacts with various groups of peo. pie. The boy or girl who has learn- cd to do this on the playground will invariably put these principles into use in the business and social world. This thing ls called team work—the ability of a person to submerge or forget himself for the good of the grcunf’ Parents should expect and receive obedience from their children at all times, but at all times also parents should see that healthful outlets are provided for the natural energy of their youngsters. ' Useless Questions (Ottawa Journal) -' Now somebody in Parliament is asking for a return giving the names and addresses of the 12,000 or more persons who have been placed on the land during the past 18 months. Parliament should protect itself and the public ser- vice frcm such futile and costly re- quests. A return giving these names will help nobody, but it will involve days of labor and a. good deal of expense. Too much of the time of the Civil Service is ts- ken up answering silly q “ is that areplaced on the Order Pap- er of the House of Commons by a certain type of member. .__.._____._ "The progress of mankind is in the hands of ycuth."—-Sir Oliver Lodge. with tinder-pest or with foot and mouth disease; many countries re- fuse entry to cattle and meat pro- ducts from all of them. Dressed poultry from these countries may be admitted if the feet have been cut off above the spur or are re- moved and destroyed. The fight against these diseases has been continuous for many years, but no treatment for affected beasts has been found. The lands that are free from them can safeguard their flocks and herds only by rigid quarantines. Millions of words have been mitten about the Lindbergh baby -mlllions more will be written- but words cannot give one addi- tional touch of horror or pathos to the stark facts of the case. The in- dictment against those who worked this foul and despicable deed is complete. But there is another indictment to be formulated and launched-that against the Ameri- can people themselves. Gangs and gangsters; rackets and racketecrs; mobs and mobsmerh. . . . . Is a nation cf 120 millions utterly helpless against these wolves of so- ciety? ' Truth About The Swt (Montreal 0186i“) This title is zivw '-° "1 "m" recently produced from the Lon- don Daily Telegraph and written hy-‘Lbrd sti-ethspev. 811M110‘ m‘ ronet of Nova Swl-il- who w” born and educated in New 1681""!- A. swumm mgy not question the (u; m” ehere is some truth about him in what the author has writ- ton, but he will realize at PM "mi- wmz is written is not the whole truth and will surely and emphat- lcglly deny that it ia “nothing but the truth." The author's word picture presents Scotsmen as the least understood of any clvilllud race in the world and at Once th most idealized and the molt m1- ligned of men. Few P901318 b9- yond the Scots themsel ca, it is ma, can appreciate Scotsmen 1r. their true light. End W097i’ l5 5° worse judge of the Scot than his near neighbors, the English." Most Scots, it is further asserted. Ire whcle-heartedly generous and Ire only thrifty inasmuch as they look ahead. They are "artisans rather than artists," and. by nature. "tidy thinkers but not profound thinkers." Moreover, they are "too often given to throwing aside their tidiness of thinking to in- dulge in outbursts of quite irra- tionsl recklessness." Lord Stratu- spey hardly sustains this conten- tion by a subsequent acknowledge- ment that the Scotsmanb mind is the precise mind. the careful mind and the mind that probes funda- mentals. There will be universal agree- ment with the claim that in, his thought and speech the Soot is the most intensely patriotic person 1n the world, but the claimant may find himself isolated and alone in his added opinion that in wider matters outside his own hereditary channels of thought the Scot is “a bigot. intolerant and ofZ-n self- ish," and that on the question cf patriotism, ‘iie cannot see that a foreigner who lauds the Scots to the detriment of his own nation is violating the very principle of pat- riotism which he himself so staunchly upholds." The English will not subscribe to that view which is about a} big a misrepre- sentation as the Daily Telegraph essayisvs aforesaid declaration to the effect that the Scots’ worst Judges are the English. As a mat- ter of fact, there 1s no more genu- ine admirer of the Scotsman and his characteristics than the aver- age Englishman, particularly the Englishman abroad, who, in laugh- lng at the old, old chestnuts of Scottish flag days, of purses and mothbslls. is aware that most of them actually originated in the brain cf Scotsman themselves, in Aberdeen and elsewhere, where they are composed and paid for at so much per joke, and in that way are a tribute to Scotch canniness and to the Scotsmenb profound sense of humor and their readiness to turn the laugh against them- selves. Everybody —certainly everybody in Canada, where Scotsman and the Scotch character are well known-will concur in the asser- tion that "there is not a civilized country in the world which has not benefited in some direction or oth- er, from Scottish influence," that theirs is pioneer work and theirs the efficiency behind the world's mach! y." and that Scotland's finest advertisement lies "not in the talk of her children, but in their prowess and achievement in every country and on every ocean 6r the globe." mid Strathspey, however, will again fall from grace by characterizing Scotemen as "conceited", unless he confuses "conceit" with "pride", for it is the privilege of all who do good work to feel pride in their performances. Conceit implies overvaluation of self, and since he that over-values himself will undervalue others, and he that undervalues others will oppress them, the author of the essay under review can scarce- ly have intended to describe Soctsmen as conceited in this sense, else he would not have said further on that "I have yet to meet the Scot who kicked a lame dog or refused to lend a helping hand in mother's misfortune." One characteristic, perhaps the most notable characteristic, which distin the Scotsman is over- looked by the writer cf "The Truth About the Scot." It is that almo invariably it is by his own efforts initiative and resolutenese that he attains the degree of educated en- lightenment which enables him to reach the path where so often he excels others. The Scotsman has great capacity to do things for himself, and to do thorn well. "Mankind is always subject to the old laws: PPNDel-ity is the child of peace and labour, and ware and revolutions generate poverty."- Guglielmo Ferraro. "Nothing i; so dangerous hi the world of toduyns in fol-see the world of w-mcrrowF-Hevelock FROM “IN MIMOBIAIP Haw many; fsthcrhsvelileeu. a sober mm. mime hi! "W'- who“ youth was full of foolish noise, ' Who wears his mnhood hula Ind green: . And. due we m this fancy rive.‘ That had the wild out not been HOWE The soil, left M11911, 5°91“ h“ grown Th; gram by which a mun ml? live? O, if we held the dootrint will"! For life outiiving heats of youth. Yet who would Pffilch "i *9 l‘ truth I To those that eddy round Mid round? Hold thou the good: define it well: Ilbr fear divine Philoaobbl’ Should Push beyond w‘ milk’ And be Procuress to the lords oi H911- ‘ “Give" meaning yield. -~I.ord Tennyson. Ferrets And Foxes (From a London Correspondent) War has been declared on one of the Canadian fox-farmer's worst enemies. Ferrets, immune to dis- tempe , have recently been dis- patched from England to Canada w start work on a ‘ which will, it is hoped, prevent distemper 1n foxes. Distemper is estimated to have caused a lose of 812,500,000 to the Eastern Canadian fox industry in 1980. If the methods of confer- ring immunity ' distemper, which" have been worked out for dogs by the British Medical Re- search CounciPs workers with funds ‘from the Field Distemper Council (to which Canadians contributed) can be applied to foxes, the whole of this loss may be saved. Major G. W. Dunkin, veterinar- ian at the Council's farm laborat- ories and joint discoverer of the vaccine, with Dr. P. Laidlaw, PBS, believes that this is perfect- ly possible. Ferrets and foxes are both susceptible to dog (“Sbfimgvl- Ferrets can be rendered immune by his methods and tame foxes have been experimentally immunized. Major Dunkin attended a confer- ence of fox breeders in Toronto a little while back to discuss the opening of research laboratories which will work out the application of this treatment to foxes. The story behind the discovery of the treatment for dogs-which has hardly had a single authenti- cated failure-was told me yester- day at Mill Hill, (the name of the laboratories by Major Dunkin. The first discovery. made noon sf- ter the work stated in 1923. was that distemper was caused by s virus-a member of that family of incredibly minute, ‘ organ- isms which are responsible for hu- man diseases such as measles, smallpox and infantile paralysis. Then it was found that ferrets suf- fered from distemper and could be "Bed 101' eXberimenta, and a vaccine for ferret distemper was made from the ground-up tissues of animals suffering from distemper.‘ The ferret vaccine gave disap- Dointing results with dogs. It was @1611‘ i-hlt do: must be used for dog. The spleen of infected dogs, in which the virus had been killed was used. This worked perfectly, and a vaccine was obtained. Recent- ly a further advance has been made. Dr. Laidlavi and Major nun- kin have discovered s “serum," which has ltverll advantages over a vaccine. For one thing, it can be used as a treatment ls well as a Preventive. Injections will help a sick dog to recover, The most elaborate precautions are taken to keep the expwlme m‘ dogs free from every possible source of infection. If they become infect. ed, the work would be ruined. They are isolated in canine fortresses as fleidly es levers. Their kennels are located in the middle of a field and a high, thick wall all round p". vents the entry of so much a; g ficldmouse, No one is allowed tc go near them except two '- ' maids. who live under strict dis- clpllne. Every time one of "them 80c! out, she has to submit to an °“‘b°"i-° ‘lfifmlfll-iflh Process on her return. This includes a disinfected bath and a complete change of clothing. Her working clothes are never allowed to leave the com- Pound. These two kennel-maids mint be the most germ-free girls Every bit of food given to the dogs is sterilized or boiled. The don themsclvel ‘arc pictures of health "i0 8000 lPiPlte, and suffer no Plin or discomfort. Thouggmjg 0g Hose at 35c pair. ment First Floor. pr." Saturday evening from 7.00 to 9.30 p. m, we offer eleven hundred Every Pair is guaran- Yteed free from defects of firsts, no seconds, newest size, wonderful values- S.A. M°Donald pairs Ladies’ Silk any kind, all phades. _ every Hosiery Depart- . 146 Richmond St., E’. R. 3km? FYre, Life, Accident, Sickness and Plate Glass Insurance at Lowest Rate. Agent at Summerside. Lloyd Lewis (l?) Charlottetown been successfully immunizfizlfilac- cine, serum and the living virus have been successfully exported to Canada, India and China. It is sn- ticipated that, with proper care, the virus can now be sent anywhere in the world without perishing in the post. - More About Angling (New York Rod and Gun) The fishing reel is not a modern invention. Crude reels were used 300 years or more ago and we find mention of them in some of the earliest angling literature. In in London in 1851, Baker says: "Within two feet of the bottom of the rod. there was a hole made for to put in a. wind. to turn with B bflrrel. to gather up his line and loose it at his Pleasure." In a 5e- cond edition of the same work the author remarks: "You must have a winder within two feet of your rod, made in this manner, with a 811F018- that you may put it as you please." _ Further mention oi’ the fishing reel also appears in "The Exper- ienced Angler; or Angling Improv- ed" by Colonel Robert Venables. published in 1802. The earliest tpya of reel with which we are familiar consisted of a spool with handle riveted directly to the spool. These reels were made of brass and were without click or drag. Reels of this type still are on the market, retailing from about 38 cents to $1. This common spool rcel was the fore- runner of our modern fly wheel in which the diameter of the ipool has been increased, the distance between side plates decreased and either permanent or adjustable click added. The multiplying reel was an American invention. introduced by a. Kentucky watchmaker about H36.- The original style reel, with few refinements, still in used by black bass fishermen everywhere. Innovations such as free-spool, le- vel winding and anti-back-lash de- vices now are‘ built into these reels. but the general construction re- main the same. Big game fish reels also have been extensively developed. These reels now are built 1n cities large enough to hold 1.000 yards or so of thirty-ninc-thrcad line. They are equipped with handles that turn one way only and adjustable drag which can be controlled by the angler, which permits the ang- ler to change gear ratios, enabling him to obtain either added lever- age or additional speed when re- trieving line. ' ‘There are altogether too mm! lawsfl-Clarence Darrow. lllllilllp, iilililli? ‘if "The Art of Angling." ,ublished_ “Married life has its beauties f: least as fully as unmarried life."- Bfishop of Norwich. first b i l l i dogs all over Great Britain have ‘ ‘ vvv§§O§§O£ GRAIN WANTED We are buying Seed Oats Seed Wheat Seed Barley for CASH or in exchangc fur other Seeds. Bring samples of what you have to sell. Call at Seed Store. I Garter 8i 00. LIMITED SEEDSMEN O tQoooooooocoo-oocooooooooooowroroaooo-oooooaoa One of the best preventative: known for SMIIT or RUST 0N GRAIN FDRMALIN A cheap but thoroughly ef- fective remedy. Grlln growers would be wise to not promptly, In order to have Seed pro- perly treated before sowing. One pint to every l0 gallon: of water. Full directions given with every order. ' FOR SALE AT THE 2 MAGS DRUG STORE 140 Great “col-go Street All Mall Ordln Given Prompt Attention. ‘ oa-eo-M lloriodic- I Eye Examinations‘ Don't wear your glasses for ' ilva or len years, u some do. without IQ-Qklmlnltlon, for in that llmd serious changes An vitally Important, g whe- ther cne'| eyes are good 0r otherwise. may talc plan. which If ml discovered, may work per- manent Injury to the molt pedals luuc you possum. Guard your eyes, 6.F. IIIITSIIESOII OPTOMITBIST f,»