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     ERRMERS DEPJJR TMEW'T. 
     
    
   
   
    
     ‘ SHEL’PERING FARM LANDS. 
     
    

    
     “ The practice of removing every tree from 
     
     the ground, in clearing new land, shows that 
     
     the importance of affording shelter to farms 
     
     exposed to high winds and biting blasts, is not 
     
     euficiently appreciated. When interspersed 
     
     with stripes or masses of plantation, not only 
     
     are such lands rendered more congenial to the 
     
     growth of grass and grain, and the health of 
     
     pasturing animals, but the local climate is im- 
     
     proved. The fact that the climate may he 
     
     thus improved, has, in many instances, been 
     
     euficiently established. It is, indeed, astonish- 
     
     ing howmuch better cattle thrive in fields, 
     
     even but moderately sheltered, than they do 
     
     in an open, exposed country. In the breeding 
     
     of cattle, asheltered farm, or a sheltered cor- 
     
     ner in afarm. is a thing much prized, as, by 
     
     afi'ording them protection from the keen winds 
     
     of spring and autumn, they uniformly feed with 
     
     more freedom, and much better than if they 
     
     were exposed. 
     
    

    
     The operation of skreen plantations, ob- 
     
     serves Marshall, is not merely that of giving 
     
     shelter to the animals lodging beneath them,- 
     
     but, likewise, in breaking the uniform current 
     
     of the wind- shattering the cutting blasts, 
     
     and throwing them into eddies; thus meliora- 
     
     ting the air to some distance from them. Li- 
     
     ving trees communicate a degree of actual 
     
     warmth to the air which envelopes them. 
     
     Where there is life, there is warmth, not only 
     
     in animal, but vegetable nature. The seve- 
     
     rest frost rarely affects the sap of trees. Hence 
     
     it appears, that trees and shrubs, properly dis- 
     
     posed in a bleak situation, tend to improve the 
     
     lands so situated, in a threefold way, for 
     
     the purposes of agriculture; namely, by gi- 
     
     ving shelter to stock; by breaking the cur- 
     
     rents of winds; and by communicating a degree 
     
     of warmth, or softness, to the air in calmer 
     
     weather. 
     
    

    
     Norought it to bealtogether kept out ofview, 
     
     that the retaining, and judiciously arranging a 
     
     portion ofgrowing timber one farm, confers 
     
     a richness, and picturesque beauty on the 
     
     landscape. We have seen some lands, on 
     
     which nothing was sought for but profit and 
     
     shelter, where the greatest beauty was pro- 
     
     duced by adopting this system. Where. how. 
     
     ever, trees for shade may be requisite for 
     
     agricultural purposes, they should be suffici- 
     
     eiently open to admit a free circulation of air, 
     
     For thispurpose,trees with 'ofty stems,and large 
     
     heads, pruned to single stems are preferable. 
     
     To shelter live stock, the skreen should be 
     
     open at the bottom. Otherwise it is injurious 
     
     rather than beneficial. The blast not only 
     
     requires additional current, but snow is liable 
     
     to be blown through, and to be lodged in drifts 
     
     en the leeward side, to the annoyance and 
     
     danger of sheep that have repaired thither for 
     
     shelter- 
     
    
   
   
    
     , Feeding Cettle.-‘ Its-young growing animals 
     
     the powers of digestion are so great, that they 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     THF BRITISH AMERICAN 
     
    
   
   
    
     require food which is less rich, than such as 
     
     are ofmature age. They also require more 
     
     exercise. if rich food is supplied in liberal 
     
     quantities, and exercise withheld, diseases are 
     
     generated, the first of which may be excessive 
     
     fatness; growth is impeded by very rich food, 
     
     for experience shows, that the coarsest fed 
     
     animals have the largest bones. Common 
     
     sense willsuggest the propriety of preferring 
     
     a medium course between very rich and very 
     
     poor nutriment.'—Loudon. 
     
    

    
     Regularity of feeding cattle is of prime im- 
     
     portance. Three times a day, precisely ata 
     
     certain hour, cattle, according to Mr. Law- 
     
     rence, should be furnished with their food. 
     
     Mr. Deane observed, that neat cattle and her- 
     
     ses should not have so much laid before them 
     
     at once as will quite serve to fill them. The 
     
     hay they have breathed on much they will not 
     
     eat up clean, unless they are very hungry. 
     
     It is best, therefore, to fodder them twice at 
     
     night, and twice in the morning. Let neat 
     
     eattle as well as horses have both light and 
     
     fresh air let in upon their fodder when the 
     
     weather is not too cold and stormy to allow the 
     
     windows to be open. What one sort of cattle 
     
     leave should be thrown to another sort. Those 
     
     that chew the end will eat the leavings of 
     
     those that do not, and vice versa. 
     
    

    
     Slables.—Young horses generally are accus- 
     
     tomed to live and breathe in a pure and open air 
     
     till they come ofage, and are fit for labor; it 
     
     is then found convenient to house them; this 
     
     producesaconsiderable change in their he- 
     
     dies, and makes them liable to be greatly 
     
     affected by the temperature of the air which 
     
     surrounds them, and in which they breathe. 
     
    

    
     That stables are generally kept too close 
     
     and hot, requires no demonstration, as every 
     
     one who goes into them, even when the wea- 
     
     theris pretty cool, must have discovered this 
     
     from their own feelings; and in the summer 
     
     season the heat within them is increased to a 
     
     very great degree What renders it still worse, 
     
     it frequently happens that from the situation 
     
     and structure ofmany stables, no opening can 
     
     be made to allow a sufficient quantity of fresh 
     
     air, so as to enable horses confined in them to 
     
     breathe with any tolerable degree of freedom. 
     
     The door is the entrance for air, and that can 
     
     onlyhappen occasionally when it is open. It is 
     
     true_the intercourse thatmust unavoidably take 
     
     place through the day in going out and in reu- 
     
     dcrs such stables tolerably fresh aired; yet 
     
     in the morning when the door has been shut 
     
     for some hours through the night, and especi- 
     
     ally in the summer, the heat is intolerable, and 
     
     the air so foul that a manpan hardly breathe in 
     
     it whilst at the same time the sharpness of the 
     
     salts, arising from the horse’s urine, kc, attacks 
     
     his nose and eyes, and occasionsa copious 
     
     dischargeof tears. 
     
    

    
     Eject of Climate—In the same species of ani. 
     
     mals, pulsation is about one-third slower under 
     
     the arctic circle than at the tropic. 
     
    
   
   
    
     £023 
     
     Farmers who’d thrive, and money earn; 
     
     Their labors turn t'advantage best, 
     
     Must read, and read, and mark and learn, 
     
     And inward—inwardly digest. 
     
    
   
   
    
     From the Essex (M iss.) Gazette. 
     
    
   
   
    
     PUNCTUALITY. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Little can be accomplished without system, 
     
     No man can act systematically, without being 
     
     punctual. Much preciOus time is lost in con. 
     
     sequence of not cherishing this virtue. sop. 
     
     pose a man ofconsiderable enterprise lays out 
     
     his work for a certain day. The evening before 
     
     he says, I will rise at 6 o'clock, attend my 
     
     domestic affairs breakfast at 7, meet my neigh. 
     
     hour on the wharf at 8, be at my store to ex. 
     
     change commodities with several customers at 
     
     9,dine at I, attend the library meeting at 3, 
     
     meet with the stockholders of the bank at 4, 
     
     take tea at 5, and he at the school meeting at 
     
     7 in the evening. All this. and much more, 
     
     can be easily accomplished by a gentleman of 
     
     business in one day, if he and others concern- 
     
     ed, be punctual; but let him sleep till 7 o'clock 
     
     in the morning, or let his neighbour, be one 
     
     hour too late at the wharf, and his arrange. 
     
     ments are thrown into disorder and confusion. 
     
    

    
     The shoemaker, the wheelwright, the black. 
     
     smith, the cabinet maker, the hatter, the tailor, 
     
     the goldsmith, the printer, or any other ms- 
     
     chanic, agrees to ajob of work before a spe- 
     
     cified time; at the given hour the customer ar- 
     
     rives ; but his boots, his wheels, his axe, his ta- 
     
     ble, his hat,his coat, his watch, or his advertise- 
     
     ments, is not in readiness ! Why? because the 
     
     workman has not been punctual, and Mead of 
     
     one journey, the employer must perform two 
     
     or three, to accomplish the same object. 
     
    

    
     If the minister does not strictly observe. the 
     
     hour, appointed for public worship, lectures, 
     
     funerals, and other religious meetings, his 
     
     people asa matter of course, will become di- 
     
     latory; and he need not be surprised, if ocea- 
     
     sioually disturbed after the exercises have 
     
     commenced. 
     
    

    
     If the preceptor, or schoolmaster be tardy 
     
     in this particular, his pupils will be sure to 
     
     imitate his example; and the business of the 
     
     school will drag through the day. If he at- 
     
     tempt to reprove his scholars for being dilato- 
     
     ry, and calling upon them to be punctual in 
     
     future: they will think, if they dare not say, 
     
     “ physician heal thyself." 
     
    

    
     These hints clearly show the importance of 
     
     punctuality. There is, however, another view 
     
     of this subject, by which the same sentiment is 
     
     still more forcibly urged. I agree with Mr. A 
     
     to meet him at his counting room, tomorrol 
     
     morning at 8 o’clock to receives large sum: 
     
     [have promised to pay Mr. B. before 9, at 
     
     which time he is to perform a journey. 
     
     I am punctual, but Mr. A. delays until 
     
     after the stage arrives, and Mr. B. must uh 
     
     his seat, in it, or lose his passage. In const- 
     
     quence of Mr. A.’s conduct I have broken any 
     
     promise; and Mr. B has gone to purchase gosh 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
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