__.____ T NEWSY NOTES - B! AGIICOLA l other cnnunoditias. _-4? A Botanical Census my gpal-e time I amchccking m, the latest list of wid plants mow-n to have been found upon m, Island, and on counting the umber of species and varieties, I find that there are Just mgr seven - _Thlrty years ago e num- “undred usi. over four h ,By thisi will be been my, we have made some progress m o“; botanical knowledge, and it unreasonable to expect that u time goes on, our 11st will be fur- me, augmented. 1h , drink ‘hggfmlier. It is woven into his Home and utilized in his rites and onies. The men of whom we have record have studied u. 5910mm! knew the Cedar of Le- biaon as well asntbo "IWMD 1111i- mw on the wall. d Botany, however, as s. recor ed “lance, appears first in the time o; ploscorides who enumerata 800 plum, This Greek writer lived m m, rlmo of the Ennperor Nero. m1 published his List. in the form mnlfrflcast 1.000 species of plants. In 400 m; gucoceding 1 which m1 of fragments from the wreck b! the ancient writers and. only ‘bout s00 more plants were added u, the previous catalo es. No sys- [gm of classification ad yet em- tc taloe can of this rather Mterogflwoug ml‘ " It was not mill the sixteenth century that urc science b98811 f0 $11119 mpe: then classification began, md printing lent its aid. Ciuslua. flasher. bauhin. cavesalpinus. and their contemporaries in that cen- my did more to extend. botanical mowledge than had been effected in all the previous ages of the d. mlgeiwcen the years 1600 and 1700. yon-loan, Ray, Tournefort. and 9mg“, a lied themselvm to the science w industry and penetra- um; and about 6.000 l-ants were recorded and olassifl awarding m different systems, each ingen- lmls but still defective. It remained for Linnaeus (1707- m u, promul to a. classification, dulple, natura, and incerlious. which he recorded about 9.000 d18- mlct species of plants, and left the science a0 attractive that his suc- omm, up to the year 1830. had (no -‘ the number to nearly 40.- 000 species all accurately described. one may, with some show of reason nppose that the number has in- acased threefold in the past hund- red years. i News ‘From Yorkshire illave just received. a letter from my farmer friend in the “County d la-oad ma" as Yorkshire i4 tarnedandamneofhisnewswilk ts of interest to the . ral read- . or. "I think it mus be pleasant living in a country where you don"t get air raid warnings every day . l» says, "I went, through the last var and came out BIII, so I am ullcd up. But ha is 34. and the reserved age for Agriculture is 21 years here." (The last sentence is not very clear, but I take it to mean illar. "Will" is no immediate danger of conscription). There is not much travellinfl aftcr dark now, as no lights are to be shown and car lights have to be dimmed so much that it is not worth while risking going out at night. so when we get “blacked oul" we spend our evenings listen- ing to wireless or reading. The wo- men lrzlit, etc. We are rationed for petrol (gasollnw-our car is 10 h. D. so we are allowed six gallons Der month for private use. but as we take milk to tovm we are allowed some extra for the truck. I have not been North to Newcastle since lbbruary as railway travelling is not very convenient and a bit un- certain now." "We are soon to be rationed for butler, bacon. ion. sugar, meat, nnd The price of sugar has gone up from 215d (5 cts.) lo 4'f_-(l (9 cts.) pcl‘ lb., butter lronl 15d (30 cls.) to 19d (SBctsJ. bacon lroln 12d to 17d; but up to the present flour and bread are not up. Oi course we wont "be 5O hard hi1. lluvln-g our own potatoes milk. vggn, and poultry. We had a ‘U1’ big crop of apyfcs and plulns 1111s war; I think th-c apples arc tile best we have ever had and we are storm: quite b, lot of them, as 111w may be needed. "You shy you have had a very iiry summer. Well, we have had a Diamond Drilling Wc wish to advise we now °i1crale Diamond Drilling "lillllmcnt 98 well as Churn Drills for water well work. Our Diamond Drills arc modern Lnngycar machines. Our drilling crewg are ex ris trained in the gold flel s of ihe North Country. Get our figure on that lest hole nl‘ prospect hole you want ut down. TRASK WELL Company Limited ABRAHAM PETERS, North American llotel, ' C“ loltetown. VAUGHAN II. GROUM Mir. for Prince Edward Island Surnrnersid. vcry wet seaso _ we have not. ggt xiii g3: "39:? (Written Oct. mm). Th ' "5"" ' "Linking it might be PM"? TW° 101d» to set. now will “mil-Shh. we have five very lay-Kg s} J-"d the hay shed is full. 771° °°m (train) ravest is not all gathered in hcre yea W9 have MM. but the Government has or- dlfliid 115 15° P11111811 up 8 acres. (I may explain that this man l; a dairy farmer, sending his milk w WW" every momma- I-Ie evident- zumlugill 1111 grain. etc; but has M" 1911431118 here. altho’ the cattle sometima get nasty cum with 1L °é‘.°...’i°‘i‘.t.:i° .’°°"“°“ aumnmflfie can“ es —another f!" W111!’ to be pulled out. The elder of Mary's (his dough. teo) boys is 14 and travels by bus to the Grammar School l6 miles away; the younger one goes to I-Iikh School 8 miles away. also 313011111: by glamour. onslincc ‘u; half-wins. u chisel- aY ‘apt-ion ares. and the altar-noon sessions are taken up with the children evacu- ated from ILeeds and Hull, and lcgmldrafrom as far off as Sunder- Tiierestoftrlclcbrcriapelao e1. My friand—whom n seen, like o barbed wire-as most British farmers do; they Lhink there is nothing like a wel1-trim- med "quickset" (thorn) hedge, and Perhaps they are right. Thom h ever grows very rampantly here and m lack the patience to it trimmed. Two Books I have been renewing acquaint- ance with Robert. Louis Stevenson. I read his collection of tales call- ‘The New Arabian Nights" almost half s century ago, and to my mind there is an added delight in re- reading such classics, for one gets a glimpse of the change wrought by not in the book. but in thie reader. Many a work of fiction, eminently satlsfacto to youth (which is the time my action), proves fiat or else over-strained. to age and ifs season of reflection. Stevenson stands the test, and gives pleasure to both seasons. It may not be general! recog- nized by a. younger genera ion that the "New Araiblarl. Nights" gives a. delicately flattering portrait of that Prince who afterwards ascended the throne u Edward the Seventh. ‘Thai. Prince (referred to in the book as Fiorlzel) was very urbane. very confident in himself, and rarely 10st command of any situa- tion in which he found himself. But he (likc Shakespeare's Prince Hal.) Justified Stevenson's story by making companions of many in much lower walks of life, and there were not a few amon the miners of the North, who see ng this, taro- phasied a Republic on the dea of Queen Victoria. As all know now. he made a good king and goes into [history as the "Peacemaker." The other ‘book which I am re- turning to the Public Library, is also a collection of tales. none of which I have read before. It is call- ed "My Best Adventure Scory" by such writers as Oppenhelm, Saba- tini. Stacpoole, Gibbs, Wells, and a score of others. Cutcliffe Hyne. in "The Paradise Coal-boat" takes the reader among the trials of a Tyne skipper; and Morley Roberts gives us the frivolous adventure of "The Mad Hatter" in a style rem- iniscent of W.W. Jacobs. The “date loan " ticket must soon be replac- ed-a sign that this book pleases the reading public. Odds and Ends Gas for Cars. A new fuel for cars is being tested out in Man- chester,‘ England. Ii. is gas-mot gasoline but. illuminating gas. It is contained in a bag, which for a small car contains 60 cubic feet. and propels the vehicle ten miles. A "reflll" costs between 2d and 3d; say 5 cis The evacuated Londone s. I see by a paragraph "in the local plrss" that an Anglican clergyman ln_ Lhc South of England has been fined $125 because he closed ills doors on a family evacuated from the Metropolis and bllleted on him. The account is ico brief to allow of judgment in the matter. Thcrc may have been ‘contributory caus- ‘es’ for the Rev. gentleman's refusal. As may be imagined. among thc 1,220,000 evacuees from London. native and foreign, there were many undesirables. Country peo- ple in England are proud of their homes and tidy in themselves, and many are the com lalnts in the press about the bi etees and their doings. Householders, says one newspaper, were horrified to find some of the newcomers introduc- ing insect, pests, while others ob- jected to the Saturday night bath: many had questionable manners. The houses in which they were bil- leted were sometimes overcrowded. At first the children were over- awed by country scenes unlike any- thing they had witnessed in the wilderness of bricks and mortar from whence they came. Afterwards the bored, homesick. little city toughs gravliated together inw gangs and made themselves a nuisance. "boating up the village children. throwing stones at the Bjflifiemcn. letting the pics out o! e urns- chasln the cows, and skirmlshlns with t e enraged farmers. In the end. 200.000 of the million-anri-a- quarter evacuees went back to their city homas. With all London schools closed. they had no choice but to run the streets, presenting another problem to the harassed author- ties. The Planets. We. are having most uproarious weather 1115i» miwhtlwi? itisaeldom that we gets-us d- for star-Basins: but _whe'n Ye‘ 0(- there is a mashlfmflb d“? a! k° planets across the southern Li) v. Mars. distinguished by his Y“ {if reddish light. shines steadily t wards the West. In the (fr; "i and brightest of all. is the ‘gala pram," Jupiter: w the E" 1' Heating With Woodi With Canada's annual bill for fuel wood exceeding thirty million dollars. the Department of Mines and resources offers a few timely pointers ml tlw nmsi. cfflccllt melll. ods of burning wood. ‘Ilests made by this Dcparmwni, show that if a wood-fired stove is of inferior construction or is in Door condition it mav not deliver more than half the heat it should In other words as much as one dOUar out of every two spent 0n fuel 111111’ be needlessly Wasted, A leaky stove which admits an- iihrough a dozen places besides the Tekuiar draught opening is a bad offender and in a very short time may waste more dollars up the chimney than would be required to correct the fault, The amount of B11‘ Rdmitwd to a stove or furnace should be completely under con. trol particularly when burning wood because this fuel requires very little air for satisfactory combustion in comparison with the requirement for other fuels. Harri mole. yellow birch beach, oak and hickory arc among the best Canadian woods for fuel, a. cord and one-quarter of any one of them being approximately equal in heating value to one ton of anthracite coal, Rogardlegg- or what woodisuseditshouldbeasdl-y 8-! Dflssiible for not only does wet wood give out less heat than dry WOOd but it is also apt to cause TQUUHZ 0f the pipes. For this reas- on firewood seasoned for less than one year should not be used, and to achieve the best results wood should be cut into suitable lengths for the stove or furnace as 50011 as posible so as to permit the most LhOYQUEh seasoning, i1 Saturn. rm IO bright. ‘There u still another, a little way from 3a- turn; it is _Ura.l_1us, but he is not. readily distinguishable. My experi- ence (empirical, of course) I135 been than; we always have disturbed utca- 1-1191‘. with strong winds. when these planets "cooperate" 5o There may probably be earthquakes, also Allotment Gardfms, etc. The 131-1. tlsh Minister of Agriculture Ls mak- ing great efforts to revive the allot- mem- Eflrdens. and hopes to do as much in one year as was done dur. ing the four ears of last war. A year after t e World War allot- ments took up 1,330,000 acres. but by 1938 they had shrunk to under 990-090 H0165. So there is a good leeway to make up. Farmers are asked to plough up an extra million and a half acres, but no difficulty is anticipated in that, since there are 60,000 tractors in private hands already, and the Minister gives out that he Ims u. reserve stock ready ose noticeable to be released, All available land alongside railway tracks will be u grow vegetables-and there are hundreds of miles of itl A little slip of the typc. In last weeks Notes it was stated that the proper name “Scljymegeoufl was sounded Skrim-yer. Wrong! sound it skrim-ijer. NOTES ON ISLAND PLANTS The Rosaccae (4). The name Potentllla probably or- iginated with the ancient; herbalists who always studied plants. from a medical point of vlclv. To the word Potcntia. meaning ‘fpower? they added a diminutive ending. as much as to say the plant had “little strength." The wriicr once found u. plant of Queen of the Meadow, (Flli-penduls vlmarln) growing in a roadside ditch on the Island, and maintain- lng itself. If. was. I think, a garden escape. The plant is rather orna- mental, having abundant PSIIICISS of crealny-uhltc fragrant flowers It occurs as an escape at. s-everal points in P.Q. Out of the ten species of Geum listed in Gray's Manual, we have three. (This name was first used by Pliny. the Roman Naturalist, but we have no means of knowing what plant he gave it to.) The larg-r-leavcd Avens (G. macropllyl- 111m) is a very common plant, in- habltlng rich alluvial ground near streams right across Canada Th0 name “Avcns" shows it was rveli known to the Ancient Britons. for "Alon" (akin lo (he Latin “nmnisb was lbclr namc for a strcam. Pcr- hops thcv lnuuri thc pfriul. "good medicine.“ The Ycllow Avcns ((1. strlcfum) is said to have collie from Asia. "Jul. is now found all over this contilrcui. On the island it is not as plentiful as illc folrucr spcccs. About (our vcnrs aoo Dr. Holman. of Toronto Unlvc:-sli_\'. ‘found the Will/Pl‘ Avcus (G. rlvnlc) near Sumlncrsidc. I was greatly in- terested, because this plant grew near my home in ingland, where it was culled the “Purple Avens". to dislinguish it from thc others which are y0lii)\\'—fi()\\'(‘1‘f’(l. Thcrc I have sclnrtlmcs found its flow- ers in a prollficd slate. i.e., with a branch or a second flower grow- ing from the cenire of the first one. Llnlcy's “Treasury of ‘Boi- any“ names this p‘ant "Indian chocolate root". 'I‘hi=re is a (loublc-flouxrrcd Geum which has been adopicd as a gar- den plant and much improved by plant breeders. Now we come to the extensive genus Rubus. also n ROlTlliTl namc. connected with the Latin "ruber," for vcd. Tho very first. species noi- ed is the Red urlld Raspberry. (R. ldaeus). This plant is found in Asia, Europe, and North America. and is the parcnt of our garden varieties. ‘There is n "white" or am- ber colorcd sport cultivalcd: li. has a distinct but delirious flavor. 'I‘llis white vnrictv has bccn found grow- ing on the mainbmirl, but not here, _ as far as I can gather. In Switzer- land the seeds 0f R. ‘dacus have been rcccvcrcd from the debris of the prehistoric lakc-dwclllngs. On this side. all the Indian lribcs used the berries fresh for food or dried them for wlrltcr use: the leaves were dried and used like tea. An Omaha Indian stated that the root was scraped and boiled. and the decoc- tion was givcn to children for bow- el trouble. Our red raspberry ls the variety R, irlaeus nculeallsslmus. ihe lasl. meaning “mast brisf-ly." ‘The rcsi of the Rubi will be noticed next week. ' NATURAL RESOURCES IIAESHIIIID . . I CONSERVATION I A WEEKLY COLUMN OI PRACTICAL OPINIONS OI‘ Till: VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING THE USES AND ABUSES 0F BY Ml. LUDDOW JENKINS. ANTI-STEEL TRAP LAWS in ' Answer David L. Mills. (Anti-Steel Trap Icague News) By MR!- EDWAED BRICK In the April isue of Hunter- Trader-Trapper, published in Col- umbus, Ohio, there appeared an article written by David L. Mills. director of the American Raw Fur Irmtltuta (I Believe I ssh riglht in the title), under the caption Anti- Steel-Trap Lows." The immediate inspiration of the ‘paper his to be Ingrid gnththe faézt that t e ponen o e an - stcel-tra 0Y1... in Massachusetts. enacted referendum in 1930, re- cently came to the fore see an (amendment to the law which. if suco-essful, would vitlate the value (of the law throughout. The amend- 'ment sought was obviously 1111 91' ‘fort. to bring back general trapping with the steel-trap in Massachus- yetis and consisted in s provision to extend the distance of flft. yards ,from farm buildings and cu tivated ‘plots of ground, in which 1t. is now ,lawful to set steel traps for "verm- ,in." to a distance of 2.8 miles, or .5,000 yards. I, Before commenting flu-ther- on ‘Mr. Mills’ I may say that the amendment failed of passage iand the anti-steel trap law is still in force. The fur interests Presumed to say that the law was "put over" on the people of the Commonwealth. The fact is that the voters of the statc abolished the steel tmp be- cause lt is an instrument which in- fllcls an amount of torture upon ‘living creatures for which there is no commensurate purpose. This iwas done after a campai had been waged for eighteen months to iv- ‘and every available agency for pub- yliclty concerning the steel-tram had ,been used. The result was the limit of seasoned Judgment. The ila-w was enacted with a majority of nearly 300.000. It is not to be supposed that Mr. (Mills, with his hand on the pulse of the fur trade, does not know ,these facts, yet he says of the peo- ple of Massachusetts: I “Ticy did not know that this ,hubub about the cruelly of trap- ping was either "cased on purely fictitious causes or on conditions that did not prevail in the Oom- monwealth of Massaaltiusetfililhey as e e sa ure - bear and the wolf traps of great size and power are unknown in this state and that over ninet per cent of the traps used in t state were of the smTallllcsstlssltze." ' o say that, in Mr. Mills opinion, the small steel-trap, with- ‘out teeth, would have been accept- able to the voters; that in the smaller sizes (for smaller animals) the steel-trap is not painful! Come. come, Mr. Mills, this is almost. foo much! The voters were thoroughly informed. if they did not already lcnow. that. they were not concern- ed with the question cf trapping wolves. bears, coyotes ‘and mount- ain lion, but with the capture of such creatures, as raccoons. skunks and weasels. "'I‘hey did not know that the steelitraptig tlrlletonly dzcavlce titans far nvenc . a can coune upon with r-Irasonable assurance to ‘function efficiently. It is easielé’ carried, easily Sew easli concea n and relatively safe to andle. .. Such a statement by one high in the favor of the fur trade leaves him in the dlifixcrugu pgslgiog of pronouncelncnt o r- i5 - 111119- “holdiru the bag" because of the official organ of the American Troopers‘ Association. which has said "Largely due to the agitation of ‘various organizations th-ere have been numerous new trails Put on the market during the past year 0r two. One of these, known as the Humane Killer, is meeting with great success for the animals for which it. is made. The smaller size, No. 1, is intended for muskrat. mill-k. iveascl, while No. 2 ls for skunk and other animals of like . . Aside from the humane fea- iurc. Lhc No. 2 has added value in that it kills skunk without them throwing scent. in about 99 per cent ‘-of catches. Nulnrrorls letters from thosc who have and are using the iliumam Killer Trap. including illot. only troopers from various (states and Canada, but Game [Wardens as well. speak highly of ithis trap. Some of the advantages noted are: It is ‘humane.’ practical, ilizht. compact: easily set and con- cealcrl: not, freezing easily; holds- what it catches; good at all seis. both land and in water, and with the many who look upon the old style trap as cruel this trap is bound to become more popular each year." A self-refuting argument present- ‘ d by Mr. Mills in his article is the following sintemeni: “The fact that if is difficult t0 find a ‘wild’ in this part of Massa- chusetts that is not in close prox- limit-y to somebodys chicken run does not appear to occur to these (excellently inclined people." I Now. as a matter of fact, Mr. |Mills is quite wrong. yhis fact has ‘occurred with such a force to ithesc “excellently inclined people" |that it is one cf the chief reasons Iwlpv they believe the; fifty yards is a sufficient distance to concede Ito the farmers and noufirv men [for protection against vermin. With judicial assurance Mr. Mills lasserts that it is only a. matter of Itime when the anti-sicel-trap laws ‘of South Carolina and Georgia will be done away with as. he says. popular crclnlon has swung toward repeal." He means. of course. trap- ncr opinion and. although Mr. Mills ls giving his own gratuitous views in the matter, it is well for him ‘to remember that the fur forces have already tried to change the South Carolina law without suc- cess: that an Assistant State Game Warden of North Carolina Isaid he would like to see the steel- trap outlawed entirely as it was the greatest. detriment to game (besides all the punishment that it put upon them), that. he had to deai with; and that a sense of mace. toward animals in the wild been awakened which will not continue to be outraged by the use of so barbarous an instrument. as the steel-trap. Mr. Mills says the voters in Mas- sachusetts did not know that the mti-stcel-tr law would prevent i g of song and in- eectivorous birds. Has he so soon forgotten that Mr. Winthrop Pack- ard. Secretary of the Massachus- etts Audubon Society denicd the summit. falsely attributed (b him in 1930. by the opponents of the humane trapping that if the law was passed birds would suffer? Mr. Packard said, on the contrary, if the steel-trap were out- lawed the birds would be benefited by its passage. Mr. Mills “presumes the next step will be to place quail on the song bird list by referend- um." I-Ie doubtless refers to the ac- tion taken by the Ohio Legislature at the behest of the best elements of conservation to rescue the quail from over-shooting. As the stccl- tralp has been. and still is, in use in the Buckeye State. why did it not | protect the quail there from its "natural enemies’ ‘if fur-bearers‘ are the quails’ worst enemies? There would seem to be other and more predaclous elements involved in the disappearance of game birds and would lead one to hope that, if Mr. Mills is really concerned with dis- covering the agencies mat menace W. Miller, Curator of Birds of the bird life, he remember the stato- ment made by the lgte Dr. W dc American Museum of Natural I-lls- tory: “Dr. Hornaday ls entirely right in holding, the sportsman and not the so-called ‘vermin’ respon- sible for the decrease in game." Dr. Miller also said, “The fur trade has about wiped out most varieties of four-fooled ‘vermin?’ Reading further in Mr. Mills’ ar- ticle we see that he says it is as a sportsman that he speaks, "One who finds pleasure 1n the whistle of a. quail, t e drumming of a part- ridge, and the flight of a covey of pheasants." By what code of sportsmanship Mr. Mills justifies the use of an instrument of tor- ture for the capture of warm- blooded creatures, must forever re- main obscure in the minds of some of us. By abolishing the steel-trap for general use in Massachusetts . cm- mms have been ab- io their natural enemies. This means that Mr. Mills considers the fur-bearers of Massachusetts avid eaters of birds and their eggs. But a moment's reflection wiilbring to mind the conclusions reached by bill, the [WEEKLY LIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT Ottawa, November l6. SUMMARY ed in the cattle trade this week. Toronto market was dull but un- changed in price, while Montreal and Winnipeg were active centres with prices strong to 25c higher, especially on slaughter cattle. Bulls. however, due to an unsatisfactory trade to the south were 25c easier at. Winnipeg and Calgary. Else- where, cattle sold generally steady. Calves were steady to strong throughout with Winnipeg and Saskatoon recording gains of 50c. 77w hog market was rather un- settled. Doeesedaales were unchanged at Toronrto but live sales gained 10c. In the west, markets as a. rule opened a little higher than last week, made further slight adlvan- ces only to lose all of the gains by the close. Lamb trade was stcady to fir-m throughout. Eastern Cattle Marketa Cattle trade was dull at unchan- ged prices on the TORONTO mark- et. Common eastern cattle were too plentiful and a few hundred re- mained unsold. Wieghty steers sold up to $7.50. with a few at $7.80, and . good butcher steers and heifers i were weighed up at $7.25 to $7.50., Stockers ranged between $4.75 for common easterhs and $7 for best westerns. Trading was active with prices close to 25c higher at. Mon- reai, where one load of good steers- made $7.75. and good kinds mostly $7 to $7.50. A couple of loads of Rood western cows brought $5.25 to $5.50 and other grades downward t0 $3.50. Wolf-em Cattle Masieta Favourable weather conditions served to check any liberal move- mcnt of cattle to western markets and the moderate deliveries made a IOUICWIILI mixed mm pmau- d ii. S. Protests licvl Apple iluoia NOV. 24-‘1710 Nova what the te scour}; rightful allotment of Can- adian apple shipments to the United Kingdom in order to pennit British Oolmnbzgowers guplrgreasewpx same export markets Under an agi n. l “ 4 by the Dominion and British govern- ments as announced this morning. girl to Greo. to flit per cent of the average for the two "a _ ponibly this assured quantity woud be at least ual if not somewhat higher than ha. e "However. in view of the fact. that British Ofllumbda has already ship- Egd about amillion and a half xes, and that Nova sooth is get- ting material assistance. the Gov- ernlment has allotfcd Nova scotia a total of 566 000 barrels for the sea- sOn and British Columbia 1.001.000 boxes leaving Ontario at 45,000 bar- rels," the report stated. In special session Preddesat I-I. O. Bishop. chairman the board after a. discussion wired a vigorous o- tcct t0 National Revenue Mi r Ilsley, federal representative for Dlgbyn-Annapolls- Kings, ag-ains any terference with Nova Scotlas lrtful unto. general J. , stats Nova Booth airport: for e last two seasons total ed 3,074,000 bai-rels of which 327,000 were sold in the continental market now tem- for a sellers market. Prices at WINNTPEG ruled strong to 25c higher on slaughter steers and heifers, Bulls. however, declined E0 to 50c under the influence of a. poor trade in. the south. A few strong-weight steers were eligible to make $7 and u/p to $7.25, while mcst slaughter steers sold at $5.50 to $6.50. There was no undue sc- tivity in the stookler and. feeder dl vision and this week's prices ruled barely steady with the better 111M165 at $5.50 i0 $6- Other western markets were steady to firm with top steers at CALGARY, MOOSE JAW and REGINA making $6.25, Prince Albert $5.85. EDMONTON TON $5. SASK VANCOUVER $7 The U. S Nlarket Only few loads of Canadian steers were sold at Buffalo at $3. Latest quotations from St. Paul show medium to good slaughter steers making $7.75 to $8.50, best dom airports were 2.746.938 bar-r He declared in wo most infr of near- porarily lost. The net United King- E . (rid 1y 700,000 barrels. Concerning Government apple as- sistance, Mr. Leslie sold analysis shows that with Nova Scotia shut out from all profitable Canadian markets. British Columbia and On- tario already have the greater share 0i’ . Possible Government purchase of 1,750,000 barrels Nova sootia a. pics was academic as processing p ants at best can only manufacture one “'9” 1.5.1.?‘ 9 ‘D0 t th. United - dom is Nova ‘gotta’: natured mar- kct, while the to m Prl 1 , now anfoed an xcus - 1y, is tish cbluavbiaa. e W t amount fed is limited for the first PUIILTIIY SIIUW Attend r. a. I. Poultry Alw- Inc. Annual Poultry S 0w to be held at Bin o Centre Building upstairs. 611K011 Street, December 4th. 5th! 0th. 7th. Prise lists now a ble- Write call for one. Int-lea close fxvembcr 30fls. No Ail- miaslon charged. CHAS. E. WORTH. Feeding Surplus Apples To Live Stock In ordinary years cull W911! may form up to 20 per cenaflttlbl cro . In 1039 there is in on s sgrplus of good apples for vfhidl there is no market. owing to was conditions. A proportion of theso apples may be 91001155911 111 an" ning, dehydrating and cider maln- ing plants and a. proportion m” be used foa- feeding live stock. Apples have been fed to live sack on, the Dominion ental Farms from time to time. ‘b01511 9X" perimentaily and practically, with satkfactory resulil. 581'! 010110 W. Muir, Dominion Animal Hus- bandman, Central Experimental Faun. Care is exercised when thl apple; are first given to the cowi co ovoid overfeedlng, and the ‘v do. u. After three 1o five days flggcovzsaregivezrafullmtioaol from 80 to 40 9011M" 034111 POI day in two feeds. At. ‘the Experi- mental Station at Surnmerland, 13.0., a test was carried out, feed- lng equal quantifies (40 lb ) 0f mangels or apples in alternate weeks. The milk yields did not vary in the slightest tihroughoit the test. nor were any ill effects noted, the cows remaining normal in every particular when the apples were fed. Apples should be equally useful for beef cattle, and in more limited quantities for horses and mature breeding stock in swine. However, care must be taken to accustom the animal; to the apples gradually, and to avoid feeding in access, or trouble may result. Irt is better in feed the apples chopped or pulped. No special studios have been made in storing cull or aur- plus applels for winter feeding, but where they are available and can be stored cheaply. there is no $6.50 for common. and some cf the poorest as low as $4.25. Heifers , were $3.50 to $6. A few loads of ' cows around $6, and "culls from $5 natural scientists after exhaustive analysis of stomach contents of the small and maligned fur-bear- ers. Admitting that a small toll of game birds and their eggs are tak- en in this manner by animal: which the fur trade has arrosated to itself for destruction, studies of the diet of certain animals have led David E. Lantz, of the US. Bio- logical Survey, to discuss their food habits in Farmers’ Bulletin No. 587. Dr. Lantz says: ‘The belief that skunks feed mainly upon birds and birds’ eggs is so gen-oral that statements to the contrary are often challenged. While the animals occasionally eat wild birds and poultry, the evidence furnished by stomach examinations is overwhelmingly favorable to skunks and proves that. on the whole, they are beneficial.’ Raccoons may be included in the list. of firs-bearers whose econom- ic existence is well justified by their destruction of rodents, while of the weasel, so savagely persecuted and denounced bv trapper-s. Edward A. Preble. U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey, says: _ .“In the creation of this tribe, it would seem as lf nature had in mind a machine for keeping in check the hordes of mice and oth- er rodents that. without some re- straining agency. would devastate the earth. The predatory hnbifs of the vileascl scmclimes lcnrls some individuals info bad habits on ihc i farm. but the majority arc not harmful. .." While Mr. Mills is moved lo icll his readers that. he thinks tllc fox alone will suffice to conrunlc a‘l the ouull in Massachusetts. Dr. Hornadav may again bc quciod as animal which are limited to thc brief season of cub-rearing do not suffice to deprive it of legislative protection. In upholding the use of the steel- trap, Mr. Mills says: "I am partisan of course. My business in Iifc is to serve the fur trade by guiding legislation to con- servatlon of natural resourccs in fur-bearing animals throughout the United States." One is moved to inquire what the success of Mr. Mills‘ llfc busi- ness has been, and with this inquiry to investigate the results that have come through activities designed to increase the wild life of the Unlled States. Every report of ihc Government having to do with wild life resources points lo a rap- idly diminishing stock of fur-boar- ers. Dr. Henry Falrficld Osborn tells us “The fur trade thrcatcns to bring to a close the nge of mnm- mals which began thrcc million years ago." The fur laws publish- ed by the Fedcal Government began in i927. and before, to warn the traipoers and ihc fur trade that un- less the general tcndedncy (o class every fur-bearer as “vcrrrlln" in be shot on sight was overcome thcrc would soon be none loft. for nnv purpose. The U.S. Govcrnlncutls Survev of the Trade in Raw Polls and the Causes Contribulluc i0 Ovcrtrapplng report/ed that “tran- rlnlz too early and loo late has rc- sulted in a loss nf approxlmrltclv 20 per cent of the annual catch." A special committee finds convinc- ing evidence of the rapid disappear- ance of wi‘d life. Th» f‘\'l(1(“11f‘i‘ sup- porting this conclusion comcs from saying that the doprcdaiiorls ni lhni I m to $5.85. Exports to the United States dur- ing the week consisted of 2,808 beef cattle, 159 dairy, and 725 calves. To- tals to date this year are 170.615 beef, 1-1,504 dairy, and 76,060 calves compared with 65.729 beef, 10.485 dairy, and 43,227 calves in the cor- responding period (111938. Exports under the fourth quarterly quota from October 1st to November 16th inclusive, were 29,814 head. The number eligible to enter in this quarter at the reduced rate of duty is 40,346 head weighing 700 lbs. or more each. The latest information issued by the United States Treasury Depart- ment covers the period October 1st to November 4th. inclusive, and shows imports of heavy Canadian cattle amounting to 22,447 head. This represents 55.63% of the fourth quarterly quota. Calves Steady to Firm Calves sold steady up to a top of $11 for choice veais at Toronto, wlll!e Montreal was strong up to a high of $10.50. Winnipeg made a further gain and topped at $9.25. The high at Calgary and Prince Albert was $6.25. Edmonton $7.50. Moose Jaw and Vancouver $7, while Saskatoon was stronger up to a top l " $8. Ilng Market Unscttled Live hog sales gained 10c at, Tor- ollio lo clcse at. $8.75 for bacons off trucks and dressed sales were stcadv between $11.65 and $11.75. Montreal was flnn at $9 for bacons f. 6r w. Wcstcm markets were rather un- settled and some early advances wore $8.25 f. .1: w., Calgary $8 off trucks, Edmonton $7.95 to $8, Prince were wiped out. by the close. Clos- g rates at Winnipeg on ‘aacons Albert and Saskatoon $7.95, and Moose Jaw aw! Regina $8. Vancou- vcr ha da few slaughter hogs at $8.60. Lamb Prices Continue Finn Iramhs m. Toronto held last week's lcvcl of $9.75 to $9.85 with scattered lots up to $10 and Mon- treal also continued mostly on a basis of $0.75, with an occasional sale off cars making $10. Winnipeg had a top of $8.50, Calgary $8.10, Edruonton $8.25, Prince Albert. Saskatoon, and Regina $7.50. and Moose Jaw $7.75. CATTLE MARKETS TORONTO -attle trade was dull at unchanged prices on an offering of 7.448 head. The run included only 900 westerns. common eastern cat- tie were too plentiful and a few hundred were not, disposed of by tho close. weighty steers had a rangi- of $6 to $7.50. with a few up lo $7.60, while good butcher steers and heifers sold at $7.25 t0 $7.50 and common down to $5. Butcher cows were taken at $4 to $5, can- i ncrs and cutters at $3.25 to $3.75. and bulls at $4.50 lo $5.50. Fed calves rated $7.50 to $9, common cast-cm siockcrs $4.75 and good westerns up to $7. Best stock calves made up to $7.35. Good mllkers and spriugers were steady at $80 to $90 each, but common were slow and srfd downward lo $45 each. MONTREAL cattle trade was ac- tlvc an" kept prices around 25c lllghcr under sales totalling 3.017. The run contained a large percent- ngo of common cattle. One load of good western cows made $5.25 $5.50, fat cows of dairy type $5 to $5.25, mediums $4.25 to $4.75, and other grades down to $3.50. Can- ners and cutters brought $2.75 to $.85, and bulls $350 to $5. CAI-F MARKETS RONTO calves were steady from $6 for common up to $11 for choice. Bulk of sales $7 to $10.50. Grassers sold steady at $5 to $5.50. MONTREAL veais in good de- mand at $7 to $10.50. with medium, good up to $10. Grassers mostly $4.25 to $4.75, low $4. high $5. uoo. MARKETS Dominion hog marketings totalled 109,078, compared with 86,737 in the same week last year. Totals to date. this year 3.044.453, last. year 2,804,- 754. TORONTO bacons were $11.65 to $14.75 but mostly $11.75 dressed. Live sales gained 10c, closing at $8.75 off trucks. Closing prices for direct deliver- ies to packing plants were: HAM- ILTON $11.50 to $11.75, for fivacons dressed, and MONCFON $11.45. MONTREAL bacons wvero firm} at $9 f. 8o w. $925 to $9.35 off trucks l and $12 dressed. Sows made $5.25 ' to $6.75 and odd sales up to $7 f i w. i SHEEP s. LAMB MARKETS TORONTO lambs stcmdy. 800d $9.75 to $9.85, odd tops $10. A few truck lambs sold at $9.50. Sheep steady from ‘$2.50 to $5.50. Breed- ing ewes $10 to $11 each. MONTREAL paid $9.15 for good lambs, occasional tops of $10. $8.75 for heavies and $7.75 for culls and bucks. Sheep sold between $3 and 5. OTIRSEAS CATTLE EXPORTS To date this year: Beef cattle 1B1 ‘Dairy cattle ayes. Last year: Beef Dairy cattle, 1,836. cattle 25.201. Agriculture SOON TO BE IN POSITION TO GIVE DEFINITE DIRECTION TO AGRICULTUREAL EFFORT SAYS IION. JAMES G. GARD- INEII. ‘ ‘I note that most farm papers and some farm organizations are becoming restless in a dcsir to be rr tting along with some definite fcrn‘ of (farm endeavour related to the war," said Hon. James G. Gardiner. Dominion Minister of Agriculture in a statement issued on October 28th. JfififlTllllfl-‘Z he said "1 have al- ready stated, and it is still true, that farmers can best serve in this war ‘oy continuing to do well what they have been doing. namely. pro- ducing cereals. meat. dairy pro- riucts, poultry producis, fruit and wrv" and flax fibre in the best quality and greatest volum pos- sibe "I realize. however. that more direction will be necessaryeas we proceed. We have been at mpting to coordinate British requlrrments with posslbfe Canadian accom- nllshueni. before becoming foo specific in pronouncements other than warning farmers to prepare good steers madc $7.75. good steers every source. It is not disputed.” mostly $7 to $7.50, others down to ‘out detracting from quality. logical reason why such apples may not. be stored and fed to live stock. The cash value of raiw apples for feeding purposes would be com- parable to that of mangels, i.e. from $4.00 to $5.00 per ton, or 10 to 1.! cents per bushel. Usually the greatest return is secured ‘when such succulent feeds are fed in moderaia quantities. In the processing of apples there are certain hv-olodrlcts such as peellngs and corm from the can- nln2 and dehydrating plants, and apple pomace from the cider plants. Some of each is used for the manufacture of pectin, while a proportion of each may be used as it is by nearby farmers, for stock feed. Such material may re- place corn silage or roots but is somewhat lower in feeding value. To make such material available for feeding throughout the winter feeding period, however, it is neces- sary to dry it down to a 10 per cent moisture content. This is a rather expensive process, the dried material in one instance costing $40.00 per ton and containing 4 per cent protein, 2.5 per cent fat. and 66 6 per cent carbohydrafoa. It will be seen from the above analysis that it is somewhat com- parable to dried beet pulp and it can be used in the same way, i.e. to replace the carbohydrate of the grain ration, or after soaking, to replace the succuience of the roughage ration. In an experiment with milk cows conducted at the Experimental Station at Kent- vilie, N.S., this maierial was used to replace the crwbhydrate rpor- tlon of the grain ration and was found to have a maximum value of around $2000 per ton. In a similar experiment with market hogs, dried apple pomace soaked with skim-milk at. the rate of four pounds cf skim-milk to one of apple 1711118118. Nlfllold Ilp to 50 per cent of i-he grain ration. giving a value of $28.40 per ton for the dried apple pomace. It would appear, therefore, that drying of the apple by-products is not ilkdy tc be on economical procedure unless the dried material can be put on tine market for around $20.00 to $25.00 per ton, depending on the relative price of coarse grains. "We have already consulted with the provinces and have been guar- anteed their undivided cooperation in carrying out any effort through advisable bv the Dominion Gov- ernment. We intend to utilize pro- vlncial staffs as well as farmer and processing organizations so far as possible in carrying out any pro- "rar decided upon “We do not desire. however, to start a Dominion wide campaign until we are fairly certain as to the need and the objective toward whi"h we are driving. "W0 now think that by the middle of November we will be in a position to give more definite direction lo an alrrlculture effort. I am. therefore. ir-iendlnfl Y0 w“ advantage of an invitation to ad- dreas the lmnual meeting of the United Grain Growers to be held in wlnnlpeg on Nnmmber 15th to outline what the position is so far as that can be done and the di- rection we believe farmer effort to produce what they are already producing in greater volume with- should take to be of the greatest service.” .