rit. ’ AN 4 _ Mts wie Under the above title the foilowing arti le, . } y r ,aagy’ which it is reperted was written by Protesset a al Tyndall, appeare! in the Saturday Review 0 the 10th ult: What a happy man Mr. Edison must be! Three times within the short space ot eighteen months he has had the glory of finally : triumphantly solving a problem ot world wide interest. It is true that each time tho prob- lem has been the same, and that 16 comes up each solution, fresh, smiling and unsolved.ready t receive its next death-blow. But this peculiarity uf his triumphs, though interesting from © practical point of view, 18 doubtless ef tou triling @ character to damp the joy of victory in Mr. Edison’s own. mind siuce it appears i no degree to interfere with he plaudets with which his followers hail each fresh achievement—or, we should rather say buile’in--from Menlo Park. And thus not only is Mr. }dison to be congratulated on the happy past, but his friends may look for- ward to a long and equally happy future, crowned at periodical intervals by similar dazzling aud tina! triamphs; for, if he con- tinues tu observe the same strict econemy ol gractical results which has hitherto character- ized his efforts in electric lighting, there 1s no reason why he should not for the next twenty years completely solve the problem of the elec- trie light twice a year without in any way iuterfering with its interest or novelty. But all this, we are told, is altered now. We are given to understand, by accounts from head-quarters, that this time Mr. Edison real- ly has done it, aad descriptions of the perfec- tion and economy of the light are showered upon us which quite take Away one's breath. That the light itself is all that its inventor could by any possibility desire will mot sur- prise any one one whe has had experience with inventors: but it does startle us to be told that its cost will be only [-40th that of yas. Inthe face of such deiinite assertions incredulity would seem to be a crime, and it would appear to be the daty of ail gas direc- tors to make forward contrasts to deliver old iron in view of the immediate future when gas will be spoken of as a thing of the past. Curi- osity, however, is such a persistent trait of the human miad, that one cannot repress ade- sire to know the exact details of this all- transforming discovery, and te form one’s oWn opinion of the sources of its transcendent mer- its. Fortunately, the veil of mystery that has so long hung over the doings of Mr. Edi son’s laboratory has at last been drawn aside, and we are in full possession of the magic secret. It does not sound very wonderful after all. There is nothing new in the lamp. {tis an ordinary incandescent lamp with a slip of carbon as the substance to give forth the light. The sole secret is that Mr. Edison makes the carbon out of burnt paper. The discovery bears strong marks of Mr. Edigon’s handiwork. Like ail the other so- called discoveries of his in connection with electric lighting (with one exception, of which we will speak presently), it is wholly without novelty, unless there be some unimportant de- tails in the particular form of the connections and regulatiny mechanism, in which he has chosen to exh bit thatingenuity which he un- doubtedly possesses, but which could have been as well arranged in a thousand other ways. Theidea of a lamp eonsisting of a piece of carbon placed in a vacuum and render ed incandesceit by the passage through it of a strong galvan.c current is as at least as old as 1845, when it was patented by King, and similar devices have since been continual; proposed and employed by others. Experi- ence hewever, taught inventors (as it will) probably teach Mr. Edison when he has a little more ac juaintance with the subject) that *® vacuum is a very awkward thing to deai with, and that much more satisfactory results could be obtained by placing the carbon ina non-combustivle gas, such as nitrogen or car- bonic acid. Accordingly recent lamps in which incandcoscent carbon las been used have generaliy been of that type. Such was the Sawyer and Mann lamp which excited -so much attention in New York seme twelve months ago, and which consisted of a thin rod of carbon in a receiveréfull of nitrogen. Or late we have heard nothing of this lamp, and we very muclt fear that itis another instance of the futal gulf between theory and practice, and that its disappearance from public view is due to the existence of some practical diffi culties in the application of what seemed to be an ingenious idea. Other lamps are upon sunilar principles; the most successful one, so far as we can judge by report, ie a French one, in which there are three small carbon rods ia a closed receiver, the oxygen of which is consumed by the combustion of one of the rods, leaving the atmosphere in the receive: incombustible duriug the incandescence of the other two. Nor is there any more originality in the idea of procuring the carbon for such lamps from burnt paper or cardboard. That such carbon was very suitable for producing light by incundescenee has long been known to electriciaus. Mr. Swan used it 15 years ago for an electric lamp on the incandescent principle, aad, curiously enough, used it in the shape of a horseshoe, exactly as Mr. Edison is now using it; so that there must be something more than a resemblance between the two lamps, seeing that the carbon and the enclosing giass vessel (which may be of aay shape) constitute the whole of the lamp proper. ‘The use of this carbon was given up because of its want cf durability —a ditticulty which, however, Mr. Swan says that he has now got over; and it seems to be tolerably evident from Mr, Edison’s own account that he has done little or nothing to remedy this defect, of which he is probably not fully aware. At any rate, it is clear that the car. bons he uses are fragile in the extreme, for he says they rust be taken out of the mould with the greatest care, to prevent their falling $o pieces, The general result therefore, is that Mr. again after idison leaves the subject of the electric light | precisely where he found it, so far as discovery isconcerned. He has added nothing to ou kuowledse. The next thing to consider is, whether or not his lamp performs the practical servi-e claimed; whether, in short, the method he adopts-—by whomsoever invented-—will in fact accon plish what is alleged of it. sidered in themselves, there cau be no doubt shat thre t des that have come over to us about Mr, Edis a's new discovery are in the highest degree improbable. The use of. incandescence as & means of procuring light frem eléetricity, without breaking the continuity of the circuit, has been known from nearly the beginning of the century, and all its advantages and disad- vantages ‘horoughly studied. ‘The result has aiways been to show that it is a very wasteful method «©! using the electric current when compared with the electric are or the broken gircait of sach lamps as the Regnier and Wer- THE GRE Ve EDISON aii RE |dermann, which hold an intermediate position ;but so | very limited, except for special purposes, as, | | lout to be the enormous comme relal success tadithat Mr. Edison's lamp is represented ¢ ast J ’ . ; tis in the highest degree unlikely, between the two classes. If possesses great advantages, which are obvious at first sight ; is the disadvantage of which that its use has been yreat we have spoken, for example. the little medical lamp 3 for illu- minating the cavities 3! the body to facilitate Chat this principle should turn diagnosis. oO be, seeing that, . . ° ~ 4 lhohtlyw. } aa we have said, his lamp differs ! but sh itly, ¢ i : } mraviousiv known. Nor if at all, from lamps prev! usly <uO do the accounts themselves that have reached They show us tend to reassure us much, iney show “ is “ ‘s pee ee clearly that this lamp is more fragiic aia more difficult to handle than any of 1ts com j | } Ti t t give us the least reason | peers. ‘They do not give U sa | 1 , lamant . to think that it has any elements ol other than the bright character oi the| in 2t made from paper ’ a incandescence af - sie ; “° 4+) oa and as such carbon cannot materially differ in sRrccess } cai bon | | } i its qualities from other kinds, ancl is ev n more liable to be heterogeneous ana uncertain, | this small advantage seems to ba a very slight matter to build such high hopes Phey Pp ipon. @ } : over ta | es | do not suggest any way of getting ' lamps con-| ditticulty which is met with im structed on this principle, of keeping the glass | from getting dulled by particles of carbon | YT coming off from the incandescent mass | . . . . - 4 ,? 7 ; within it—-a difficulty which wenia be pe- | . * } : _ culiarly fatal to a vacuum lamp like Mr. kd-| ison’s, which cannot be cleaned on the inside. But, above all, there is a strong flavour of humbug about the whole matter. Every ac. evunt—even those which Mr. Edison himseil seeins to have authorized--is written im a way in which no good electrician could write. We have a sensational account of the suppos ed discovery, where a thin filament of carbon is represented as having been accidentally tried with a strong current, and we are told, as of anewly-discovered-marvel of science, that this carbon filament resisted an intense heat, and ‘‘proved in reality more infusible than platinum, or mdeed than any other sub- stance. ‘Then there are references to other electrical phenomena which have about as much to do with the matter as the processes of electrotyping would have, but all of which are ingeniously identified with the so-called discovery, as though they specially belonged to Mr. Edison's lamp. ‘Thus it is explained that the current can be made to run a sewing machine ; and other potentialities are vaguely shadowed forth which are said to be depend- enton a kuewledge of the laws of electricity. Uf course a continuous current can be made to do work in a thousand different ways; but what have the marvels of electricity in gen. eral to dowith the question whether Mr. Edison's lamp is a good one? Again, there is the new dynamo-electrie machine. Mr. Ed- ison must, of course, come before the public in a state of complete independence of all other inventors; so he must not even get his electricity frem the same sources as others. Hence, for a second time, he produces a dynamo-electric machine which he calls by the pompons title of the Faradaic Machine. It merits this title only in virtue of its representing a state of knowledge more nearly that of Faraday’s time than any machine in use at present. It is strange how Mr. Edison’s efforts in electric lighting seem cursed with » total absence of originality. The machine, both i its separ- ate parts and general arrangement is the merest copy of other machines. [ts principle, its arrangement and everthing about it are so utterly unoriginal, that it really is difficult to anderstand how Mr. Edison himself can fancy ug has any claim to be considered its inventor. (t only differs from the machines at present in use in thatit is much what they must have been in their early forms, before their makers had learnt how to intensify the magnetic field in which the armatures rotate. He drops hints of machines that utilize 0 per cent. of the power applied to them. ‘the correctness f this figure, if it is intended toapply to this machine, we cannot believe in, Such a per- centage is about what is expected from a good machine on the Siemens, Gramme, or Brush principle, and it is simply absurd to suppose that this blundering imitation, which is desti- tute of all the special improvements which ex- yerience has suggested to their makers, can contend with those machines on equal terms. All these circumstances and cause us to regard with utter distrust the glowing accounts of Mr, Ldison’s invention af it is entitled to be called such) that reach us from New York. to this, there is the remembrance of what happened some eighteen months ago at the beginning oi Mr. Edison’s experiments on the electric ‘ight. Every one recoliects how, in October, 1378, there came a telegram from New York that Mr. Edison had completely seived the problem of electric lighting, and how this telegram caused a tremendous panic in gas shares, sending them down to two thirds 6f their previous value. Even the instructed, who could detect, in the very language in which the telegram was couched, evidence that it was framed either by or for persous who were ignorant of the subject, scarcely lared to imagine that such a telegram could have been allowed to go ferth or to remain uncontradicted unless Mr. Edison had really obtained most important resnuits, and was in a position to practically effect electric light- ing ata reasonable cost. it is fortunate for Mr. Edison that public attention cannot re- imain very long fixed upon anv one subject, and that by the time that a few months had elapsed people had ceased to think of him or his telegram. For we now know in what position he stoed when that outrageohs tele- gram was sent. And it is well that we are able toarrive at this from sources directly connected with Mr, Edison himself, for it would fotherwise be impossible to convince any one of the true state of the case. Some ‘six or eight months after this telegram, two : patents, representing the latest completed re- isults which even then Mr. Edison had ob- tained, came over to this country, and were _ £1, ame miany ocners And, added Con- | made public amid the universal derision of ail ‘who knew anything about electricity. | The wonderful seeret that was to solve com pletely the problem of electric lighting was the use of incandescent platinum (or an alloy ‘of platinum and irridium, we-forgot which) to >| patent then taken out by him was fora won iderful dynamo-electric machine ol { ; e mpl ; é |propcsed by a man ef Mr Edison’s advantages givelight. It would seem that Mr. Edison has an irresistible passion for electrical an- | | tiquities. Not only is this one of the very ‘oldest devices known, bnt it was actually ; patented in 1845 by Staite, though we doubt | whether such a principle could even tien have | been the subject of a valid patent unless there {had been something special in the form in 'which it was applied. We forgot whether _ Mr. Edisen attempted to patent his lamp, or eo if he had any lamp at all at the time; ‘but he certainly patented a regulator, which ; Was intended to turn off the current when the {heat of the platinum got too intense. This | | was a simple instrument of little or no merit | judle mechamical ingenuity. and deserving of no notice. We really do not know whether it was able to do its work ; we have heard that it failed even to do that : but whether or not this was the cause 1s of no momen, for so far as we have been able to learn, oth the lamp and the regulator have, for all practical purposes, prov ed abortive. We have never heard of their being tried on any practic il scale, or even ol their being used at all outride of Menlo Park; and whatever may be Mr. Kdisens’s love of perfection, we do not instant that. if he had got believe for an v 4 a really practical lamp capable of doing a frac- tion of what it was represented to do, he woul have let months pass without its ¢ ming: Into the market. Rut these two were not the only precious , 2 : ; ] da ‘| vhich were then bestowed on the world “ +t ilk os by Mr Edison, ‘There was a third, which no dispar ging remarks as to its extreme sin plicity could be applied. Lie second a wholly We willinuvly, give Mr. new ‘onstruction. [idison credit for originality in this machine. Coils ‘vere fixed to the vibrating arms of a moustrous tuning-fork more than u yard long, and ti ose, by the vibrations ot the fork, were made Lo approach or recedo from maguets, aud thus currents were generated. Ifiit were not actually in a patent taken out on Mr. Edison's . behal’, all instructed persons would hesitate to believe that such an absurd arrangement could be seriously proposed at a time wher such ‘nachines as the Gramme. the Siemens, the Lonton, the Brush, and a hest of others were in existence, much leas that it could be and fame, It is difficult adequately to express the Indicrous inefficiency of the ar- rangement; but one thing is abundantly cer- tain, and thatis that the person who serioas- ly proposed it wholly destitute of a scien itic knowledge of either electricity or the s:ience of energy. It is clear that he wa: tempred by the hope of getting out of the vibrations of the tuning-forks something more than the force he expended on them. No doubt he thought that vibration was so coafirmed a habit with tuning forks that they would vibrate on the merest hint being siver. to them. ‘To those who remember the amusement that this wonderful invention ex- cited among English electricians, it will be interesting to read the following passage from the latest authentic American account :—.‘* Mr. idisvn’s first experiment in machines for gene-ating the electric current did net meet with success. His primal apparatus was in the form of a large tuning-fork, constructed in such a2 way thatits ends vibrated with great rapidity before the poles of alarge magnet. ‘These vi- brat ons could be produced with comparatively littl: power. Several weeks of practice proved, however, that the machine was not practicable and it was laid aside.”” We should very much like to know when these weeks of practice (not a very long trial for a new invention took place. Not before the patenting, or it wotld never have been patented. ‘Then it must have been after the patent was taken out-—a matter which confirms the opinion hek. by most persons in England who were von petent to judye of it, thatno such mach- ine had at the time ever been made (except, periaps, on a small scale), and that the whole maiter was a pure speculative suggestion. Reraembering the unrivalled opportun- ities for experiment possessed by Mr Edison, the fact that he took out was Knight in “ Through the Looking-Glass,” and we expect soon to hear that he has “ Completed his design i'o wave the Menai Bridge from rust By boiling it in wine.” [¢ will be remembered that the White Knight also had invented devices for the preservation of his health, All these things make ne feel that Mr. Edison is not capable of judging of his own performances, and confirm us in the belief that his latest idea is but a doubtful rival of many lamps that wre already in the. market. The calculation as to its costing 1-40th the price of gas 1s an utterly.absard one, even when read by the light of the meagre details on which /it professes to be based, ‘The most economical form of electric light is, aud in all probability always will be, the arc-lamp, where it can be used on a large scale, and no form of incandes- centiamp can approach it in economy of pro- duction. Yet engineers are yery well satisfied ‘f they ean bring down its cost, even under the most favorable circumstances, to between 2-5ths and 1-4th the price of gas. We fecl to:erably cer- tain that the cost of Mr. Edison's lamp, evenif itis otherwise practicable (about which we have a «vod dea! of doubt) will be wany times this, The only good point about the news is that Mr, Edison seems at last to have settled down to the useful detail work of trying various methods of improving the manufacture of carbon for electric purposes. ‘This is much wanted, and Mr. Edison ix exactly in a position to do it. But, supposing thet a manufacturer of artificial carbons were to discover that it was better to nse barley-meal than wheat-flour, or lump sugar than moist sngar, in their preparation, we should be considerably surprised to find him announcing himself to the worla by telegram as being the greatest inventor of the age. Iu our opinion Mr. Edison’s pretentious announce- ments are-as little justified by the fact that he: has satisfied himself as to what is the best form of carbon to use in the ordinary and well-known incandescent method of electric lighting, as a candle manntacturer would be justified in an- nonneing that he had completely solved the problem of domestic lighting because he had devised a slightly improved candle-wick, ‘he New Yerk correspondent of the “ Daily News,” telegraphing last Thursday, says: “‘ Mr. Edison is in fresh difficulties, owing to the liability of his carbon horseshoes to break in use, He has stopped making the lamps until he finds the cause, which is supposed to be the ad- mission of air to the globes by the cracking of the glass at the point where the wires enter.” ee. —— RovaLt Arcanum.—This order, which was instituted in Boston, in November, 1877, has had quite a steady and healthy growth since its commencement, to-day numbering 18,000 members, and extending its benefits through- out nearly every State in the Union, and two or three Provinces in Canada. Massachu- setts has a membership of nearly four thous- and, and under the efficient management of S. H. Libby, Grand Regent of the State,a much larger addition is to be expected during the year. The order is noted for its promptness in paying its indebtedness, and is in a healthy condition on this Island - . ; ; veo creer iwi hws DIED. At Springfield, Lot 8, on the 4th inst,, Ro- bina, beloved wife of A. MeKinnon, and youngest daughter of Thomas Bigger, Esq., Stanley Bridge, aged 21 years and 10 months. -~‘* Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.” At Georgetown, P. E. L, on 6th Feb., of diphtheria, Haze], aged 3 years and 3 months, this patent withont any adequate preliminary tria!—and we are convinced that 4 uost superticial investigatien would have deraonstrated its worthlessness-—is a striking lesson as to the reliance that must be placed en the accounts of the extent of the prelimin- iry experiments to which his so-called inven. tions are subjected. Wecan assure Mr. Ed ison that it will require a long list ef suc: cesses, not only announced but reelhzed, to counteract inthe minds of those capable of judging of it the effect of that absurb patent in convicting Mr. Edison of being a man oi uo seientific knowledge of electricity, and either so incapable of judging of the value of his work or so careless of his own reputation as to be ready to patent a machine whieh on a fey weeks trial proves itself, on his own con- fersion, to be an utterly worthless device. Phese petty results, or rather the small frac- tion of them that he had obtained six months pre- vioasly to their publication, represent all that Me. Edison had actually completed when the fanous telegram was sent. In other words, he aed not the slightest ground for announcing that he had made any substantial advance in the treatment of the electric light, much less ttat he had completely solved its difflenities. Now we do not suppose for a moment that Mr ti lison would aid in giving currency to a report waich he did not believe to be true. The most vobable hypothesis is that he is an inventor who is absolutely intoxicated with his own reputation, and who has au unlimited belief not oily in the efficiency, but also iu the novelty of | that he proposes. In no other way is his eonduct comprehensible. The exciting cause of 1 celebrated telegram could not have amounted » more than that, having thought a litiéle over ie difficuities of the rival plans for producing 8 electric light, he resolved to concentrate his forts upon the oldest and the easiest—namely, bicandescence in the continuous cirenit. Hav- iig resolved in his own mind that this was the test form, his varity treated suecess as so cer- tain that we honestiy believe he viewed it as a grand new departure in electricity, whereas it vas only what hundreds had dove before and tundreds will do again. Thon he went on toundering through all that his predecessors Lad gone through before him; advancing know- lodge not one whit, inasmuch as all his results rere old, but still pressing on with the profound- (st conviction that everything that came.upon iim as a novelty was new also to the world. Ii 1s only by keeping these things in mind that we an judge of the value of the recent reports of 1S Successes, and We can come to no other con- ‘iusion about them than that without indepen- ' oeaceed lent confirmation they are not werthy of wredence. It is not that we do not think that} Mr. Mdison is likely to help in the development! of electric lighting. On the contrary, consider- ! ing his unexampled advantages, it is matter | for surprise that so ingenious 2 man has not | liscovered something worthy of remark by this time. For he is undoubtedly an inventor of exceptional merit, Independently of the im- port:int share he has had in the development of | quadruplex telegraphy, his success in the carbon | and loud-speaking telephones shows that he is’ possessed of great inventive power and remark- | : i His other great) achievement, the phonograph, would alone go a | long way towards jastifying -his enormous! eputation, But these smecesses scem to have! completely turned his head He allows the wildest reports of his doings to obtain currency. | The same account to which we have referred speaks of his having recently invented an air! pump, & method of utilizing mining tailings, a, sextuple telegraph, and a specific against head. | aches. This last child of his fertile brain is old enough to be christened, and rejoices in the mys- terlous name 6f Polyform, and the reporter goes so far as to state that Mr. Edison takes it him- | self, But this must surely be an exaggeration. Altogether he reminds_us forcibly of the White youngest child of R. Munro, Esq. At Georgetown Royalty, on the 3rd inat., Christina Murray, aged 80 years, relict of the late Angus Sutherland, formerly of Pictou County, N. 8. At his residence, Georgetown, on Saturday, the 7th inst., of dyspepsia, Mr. D. G. McCor- mack, tailor, in the 46th year of his age, leav- ing a wife and seven children besides many friends to mourn their irreparable loss, 4 Cents Per Pound, ae BEER & GOFF’. Jan, 12, 1880. oe eer mre For Sale. 7 E Land and Dwelling House owned and occupied by William B. Heartz, situated on Huston street, opposite Admiral Bayfield's dwelling. For further particulars apply to CHARLES HEARTZ, Queen Street. Jan. 5, 1880. Bones, Bones. TENHE undersigned will pay fifty cents Cash 4 perewt. for all bones delivered at the Bone Mill, in the Royalty. No quantity ess than oné ews. (112 lbs) taken. FRED. W. HYNDMAN, Agent. Ch town, Dee, 1, 1879 73,620 MORE SINGER SEWING MACHINES SOLD IN I8S7S THAN IN ANY PREVIOUS YEAR. In 1870 we sold 127,833 Sewing Machines. “< 1878 < se 306,432 sé «e Our sales have increased enormously every year, through the whole peried of ‘hard times.” We now Sell Three-Quarters of nil the Sewing Machines Seld in the World. - Waste ne Money on ‘cheap’ Counterfeits, s@ Send for handsome Illustrated Price List ROBERT YOUNG, South Side Queen Square, Sole Agent for P. E. Island. Ch’town, March 18, 1878—2aw tf Bae RIBE for the DAILY EXAMINER, » 2 the Cheapest and most Newsy Paper published in the Provinces. | All trom Original Designs. E. G. HUNTER, DEALER AND WORKER IN Italian ¢ American Marble CI SUPULYIOM Satisfaction Guaranteed ‘S88 [D-18U], MONUMENTS TABLETS, HEADSTONES, TOMB-TABLES Best quality - ot Steck employed. . Prices the Lowest of any Shop on this Island ! 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A sense of duty to sufferers from that loath- some disease, Catarrh, mpts me to send you this Certificate, unsolicited, with leave to make what use of it yon may see proper Yours truly, W. TINDALL; Methodist Minister. Port Elgin, Ont., Aug. 24, 1878. Ask for Littlefield’s Constitutional Catarrh Remedy and take no other. _T. J. B. Harprxe, Dominion Agent, Brock- ville, Ont. For sale by all Druggists at only one Dollar per bottle. . a - TRY IT HE WEEKLY EXAMINER. — Per _sous having relatives or friends abroad, and desiring to keep Great Britain, the j jon, on receipt of One Dollar,