MERE MAN ii locum“ "ggnotllntliatklllatlielollhliut Covers Prince Edwartflsland Like.the.Dew RBI/l Read by Everybody - 2 ____%-— n," Guardian, Founded m1 W4" Iifluuaqyn Gnu Two Cont! CHARLOTTETOWN, CANADA, WEDNESDAY, JULY 18, 1934 XPlilSltlN llliiivril A p, By Guardian's Slwdal Wire) pARIS, July l7.—'1'he accidental losion of a shell at Saint Ger- m-en-Laye today killed seven sol- p: and wounded 25, bringing the nil number of French fighting men "ed in summer manoeuvres to l2 ithln a wcek. ‘Tile shell, thought to be a “dud" S hurled playfully by a member . thc motorized Sixth Cavalry Reg- ent. The soldier who threw the shell one of those killed. Five of the jurcd were given blood transfus- . , and one lost a 1e8- Yesterday two air officers were lied in a plane crash at Villa Coub- and one soldier died and six were injured when a truck overturned at I Dil- urt week a forgotten shell was ‘l ti from a cruiser and killed two ilors on another ship at Toulon. ANNOUNCEMENTS. {COMING EVENTS. MEETINGS, arc :"AIBDIIIICQDOIHI an [nuance In a cnlnml! at l conta- POI ‘"1"! qrletly payable in advance. ‘ "Dr. A. L. Hodge McNeil]. Phone 137 137 Powlial St. L-69l8-7-l7-tf 3"Picnic at Vernon River on Sal.’- -. ay, August 18th. L-6930-7-l8-3i. "Wlbenezer Ice Cream Festival liily 18th. L-(5029-7-1B-1t. "Delicious ico cold spruce beer, iicquaids Grocery, Elm Ave. L-6737-7-10-1 wk. "Crapaud Kozy Korner Lunch nerves chickcli dinner every Wed- llesday, 5-8. 14-6576-7-4-11-18-25-41 S "Ice Cream Festival, Dance and qiorts, 5'. Peter's Harbor School. dilly 19st, 14-6755-7-11-18. "In c iii Siiminei-villc School Prid ii'y 20th. Admission 25c. Lun free. L-6938-7-l8-ll. "Cheerful Liar! Fortune Hull. Friday, July 20th. Dance. Orchestra music. 25 cents. L-6904-7-l7-3i. _"Kell_v's Cross Tea, July I8. Refreshments, Meals, Gaines and Billions. L-6B99-7-7-2i. "Dr. J. D. Reddln will be at Moiell Friday, July 20th. L-693l-7-l8-li. "Wortbs Drugstore, Prince Street, \\’lll be. open all day, today. L-6935-7-l8-li. “SP0 Tractidio Players in Holy Name Hail, Si. Peters, Friday 20th. specialties. Dance after play. L-6937-l8-2i. “Hurrah! Big dance, ncwpavl- ll. Victrtriti Rink, Wednesday lilshl. "The Capitoiians" orchrstrai. L-69i3-7-l7-2l "Fiddliiig iilicl dancing contest, ytdrlcsday- evening, July 25th, u I. S. Hall. Emerald. Dancing af- rcontcst. Send entries to F. Mc- Donald, Emerald. L-6738-7-10-14i Jill" Cream Festival and Clam oovlricr at North Rustico Chapel mullds on Jilly 18th. L-6898-7-l7-2l. - h??? “Anrtics of Andrew" by hutPiflyers in Nlurray Harbour - Biillrlioy night. Jilly 21. 11-6940-7-18-21. ‘arfilme to tho Ice Cream Social we rldrcw Johnstoneb Lawn. Long l’. Thursday evening, July 19th hallo or the w. M. s. of the United "mil L-6045-'l~l8-2i .. the Dilly “Here Comes m“ = in Pnwnal Hall Friday "iil- July 20th. Auspices Mill- Young Noble's League. L-6947-7-1d-2i i PAY Ill ADVANCE A“ '° m"! people disclaim rhliimen lgltllliiy for small advta Till"! h u. u“ on‘ h‘ m, u"? Ills-h mom. will ap- w "'1" "In order is ac- "ilianled "m, puma“. CIIARLOTTETOWN comm/m British Demand ‘Joint Inquiry [urkish Autlioh-t-Es Express Sur- prise At Unusual Procedure ~Twelve Warships At Scene j Of Saturdayls Shooting. (C). Cable By Guardian's Ipeohl Wire) ISTANBUL. Turkey. July 17 ___ are now, anchored at Port Tiganl near thorny-g), V151; he", m n Twelve British warships scene of Saturday's shooting officer of H. M. S. and wounded another. mission to search the straits and recover the body of Surgeon-Lieut. J. W. Robinson. At. the same time an aeroplane from H. M, s, 1.4m- don flew over the straits, which lie between the Greek Island of Sam- os and the ‘Turkish coast. Turkish authorities here express- ed surprise at the British demand for a joint inquiry into the cir- cumstances which led sentries to "Don fire on three officers of the Royal Navy. Sir Percy Loraine, the British Ambassador left for Ari- kall $01183’. where he will interview the foreign minster, Tevfik Rusty; Bey. A joint inquiry is described in official quarters as “most, 1111115113} procedure " j Drowned When Canoe Upset (C. P. By Guardian's Special Wire) CALAIS, Me., July 17—Gc0rgc Alexander, 23, was drowned when his canoe upset in a. lake about 20 miles from this city. He was un- able to swim and he had disap- peared from sight before a com- panlon colild rescue him. The two other occupants of the canoe fell into the watcr and Samuel Mc- Knight. wlio was unable to swiin, was pulled back into the canoe by Willis Shaffer. Alexander's body was recovered this moniing. He is survived by his widow, formerly, Miss Ingram of Canterbury, N. B., and one child. MIHTIA lllllTS ARE INSPECTED TH IS W E E K Prior to breaking camp on Thurs- day the various militia units now undergoing their annual training period under Col, U. G. Dawson. Camp Commandant, are being in- spected by Brigadier Hertzberg, Dis- trict Officer Commanding Military District No. 6. The inspections take palce zit Victoria Park. The Pictcu Highlanders. under Lt. Col. Adainson and the Cape Bre- ton Highlanders, under Lt. Col. Prec- man O'Neill, were inspect/cd yester- day. and the Medical Corps, under Major Blake and the Signalling Company, under Major F. B. Con- rad on the duy previous. Tlic Print-e Edward Island High- landers, under Lt. Col. E. H. Strong and tlic Prince Edward Island Light Horse, under Lt. Col. F. I. Andrew. will be inspected today, the former. in the-morning. Ill!‘ lutler in the tif- ternoon. The Light Ilorsu will be inspected on the parade grounds at Falconwood Farm. For inspection, the units are illKliirl tip in line. the salute is taken. and the march past follows. The uiilt is then examined in tlic particular [m-m of training which it hits ulidcr- gone. OTAWA. Jilly l'l—ln In El‘ fort. to improve radio reception in Canada, the Canadian Radio Commission is mill"! I WW1‘ justmcni. of broadcastinl chin‘ “ab, the change to take effect on September l. The readjust- ment, applies to l6 stations which Turkish bullets killed one‘ DevonshireiRailways, leaves for the mainland The British vice-consul and thqscelring an early opportunity to pay Captain of the Devonshire applied, to the Turkish autliorizies for per- lnative of New Glasgow, N.s., and a 4- lS PlEASE|l l Jhe One Horsepower Car ITISCIISSES wllll vlsu T0 lsllllui. C. N. R. Vice President Comments F a v 0 r - ably On Province’s Summer Charms. Most favourably impressed with the summer attractions of Prince Edward Island on the occasion of his today with the avowed intention of a return visit. Mr. Fraser, who is h, ‘son of a former Lieutenant Governor ‘of Nova Scotia, commented enthus- iastically on the appearance of Is- land farming communities. He also spoke optimistically of the Increasing evidences of national re- covery. especially in the Maritime Provinces. Mr. Fraser seized thc opportunity for his present visit as his family is Sllmmerine at GuySboro, N.S. Ac- companied by Mr. M. F‘. Tompkins, district passenger agent, Moncton, and Superintendent E. W. MacKin- non, he called yesterday 0n His Hon- our Licutcnant Governor DeBlols Hind Premier MacMillan. Last even- .ing the party visited Keppoch as guests of Mr. L. D. Murray. They leave early this morning for Sum- merside. The Vice President and Mr. Tompkins will return to the main- land on the noon trip of the car ferry. lSlANll lAlIKS “Li; .11)‘ . - ,. . A mldgtt, fully licensed, taxed and insured, this midget car, re- cently made its appearance in Lon- don. Not to be outdone, the little] SERVICE or PlBTilliBilAT Visiting Newspaper Man Quotes Incal- Opinion That Hoch- elaga Should Be Re‘ placed With C. N. R. . W3] Steamer. Comment on the Pictou boat service to Charlottetown is quoted by Mr. J. W. H. Sutherland, of the New Glasgow Evening News, one of the newspaper men who visited Charlottetown over the week-end in connection with the conference here of the Maritime division of the Canadian Press. In Monday's issue of his news- paper. Mr. Sutherland refers ap- preciatively to the entertainment provided by His Honour Lieutenant Governor Dc-Blois and by Mr. and Mrs. H. P. Duchemin. He then continues: “At the Canadian National Hotel the Evening News representative found Messrs. Aubrey Randall and Douglas Gordon of New Glasgow on duty as Clerks, They are both capable and obliging, and very popular with the travelling public. The big hotel gives a splendid ser- vice at very reasonable rates but there was no rush of tourists. This is clue to a certain extent to the high charges for transporting autos between the Island and the Main- land. The C.N.R. would make no r..." —'.__.-*——i__ _ (Continued on Page S) fellow passed a London bus during the tryout, reportedly a mean ac- oomplishmilnt for so small acar. PUBLICITY SAYSTlllITER “Centralize On Some- w» It-"ensi thor And Traveller. "n35 the best cannery I ever saw Tarnow. at the juncture of sev- in my life for camping or roaming "ill Til/PPS. was the latest city around. . . Your Island lacks i-hreaiélled- (Talllow has imiwrl~ lpubijcjty, _ _ _ you ha“, a beau- ant nitrogen works). Two trains 0f suppers were hilrrying with pon- toons from Koivno to Siary Sacz where 17 young molt took refuge tiful province, a gorgeous land- scape, and fine fishing, but you. have no boats on the rivers fit to fish from. You don't give the piib- ‘ lic a lilxuriotls break. . . . Lay out n menu of entertainment for visit- was invaded by the roaring wat- FLOODS DEVASTASIE, soumazezv POLAND thing” States Mr. R. Wgllsflvlldhlli‘: Tl"'“l“'sl§§.'§l in I-l- lhlvis, Noted Au_ southern Poland which counted at least 53 victims yesterday. mouiit- ed today as heavy rainfall contin- "ued. 0n a dry peak when a labor camifcapital itself. STREET BAR AND TRUBKIN. BlllllSIllN Six Killed, Nine Injur- ed InjMontreal Street Accident. ors. Communications between Krahow and Lwow were cut and more than 12.000 feet of bridges carried away by the swollen streams. Rescue work was seriously hampered by the impaired wmmunications. The Vistulals overflown banks were believed to constitute the chief worry for Krtihow. Arid Warsaw, too. _ _ _ (By W'ali:|.cc Ward. Canadian Press and belowgit by Friday o: Slant: (‘i/IEGAIII-Tfdlfiill? Sillerciaili‘ Wirell day, but no fear ivas felt for the ' y _ “new candles flickered in a half dozen Jewish homes here tonight as rel- atives mourned five men and a girl ors as far out as New York. . . . If I lived here, I'd have a canoe." 'I'hese are a few of the remarks picked at random from an inter- view with Mr. R. H. Davis. noted writer and trnvcllcr, who is now in thc province. “Send out a little different pub- licity," suggests Mr. Davis. “It should be condensed. centralize on something, the number and kind of fish cattglit. a hunting and fishing synopsis, play up your golf. The (A. P. By Guardian's Special Wire) BERLIN, July 1'7.-—Expert5 of tho Reichs finance ministry assembled hastily mduy to consider what to do about a decision by the three Dailvcs loan trustees to withhold for foreign bondholders about 200,000,000 marks which normally would have been us- ed to pay some of thc governments l domestic bills. i A government statement said thc lDawes loan trustees-three foreign bankers—are jeopardizing the Reich, and assurance was given that the "necessary action" would be taken. What that action is to be wus not fully disclosed, but thc government announced the revenues of certain internal duties would no longer bc credited to thc trustees account. In some quarters it was bclicvcd (Continued on Page 3) E|TY’S Fllilll SllPPlY AMPLE G0v’t Aid Not Needed, Federal Officials Say. (By Sam Dleilsoc) (Associated Press Staff writer) (By Guardian's Special Wire) WASHINGTON. July i'7—A.n0th- or check-tip on on San Francisco's food situation today convinced Fed- cral relief administration officials the need for government aid to tho extremity of confiscaiiiig the funds now set aside to service thc Dawes loan. Tho funds are on dc- posit in special accounts at thc Rcichsbtink, and the loan trustees gave notice they will not tum them over to the government while the German moratorium on foreign Govt. May Confiscate Set Aside For Da l allliv 0F l the government may be pushed to 031mm- instantly killed in the early morn- o ing when a crowded motor truck collided with a streetcar, Nine oth- ers were injured as the truck re- turning from the Laurentian moun- tains heavily laden with passen- gers and miscellaneous freight met the street-cai- with terrific impact. All the dead and most of the in- jurcd were members of Montreal's Jewish colony. Relatives claimed their dead at the city morgue af- ter Coroner Lorenzo Prince had opened an inquest so that the vic- tims might be identified and cause of death formally established- The jury viewed the mutilated bodies and then adjourned the hearing until Jilly 24. The six people killed were spilled from the truck as it reeled away from the streetcar after the im- pact. men and women rolling about the pavement in agony. Leo Dupuis, streetcar motorman. and E. Rob- crgc, one of his three passengers. h wes Loan a P FISHERMAN ltltlilll The body 0f Fidclc Blacquiere who was drowned on Jilly 9, when his fishing boat capsized at thc bar in Rustico Harbor. was found ycs- Si _ . were the only occupants of thc lclggglley ‘lllmliiluglucfllllkcrrlntfnd C1911“ streetcar mjureii I" ‘i e “ m“ The dead: Bella Zuniiek, 19. The body when located was floating in the water about 500 yards from where the boat had drifted ashore at Robinson's Island. The funeral was licld last, even- Montrcal seamstress vacationing at‘ St. Adele, Que. She was decapitated‘ in the collision. Beiijamnl Schwartz. 44, Montreal merchant. resolution we can settle the strike." front employers would submit all is- sues if the labor leaders would do likewise. communities, making thc strikers 100,000 strong. olulu-bound on thc destroyer Hous- ton, received reports of the ominous situation and in Washington it was disclosed there had been several re- quests for executive intervention. trator, was in San Francisco and avowedly at the disposal of anyone seeking his assistance toward a set- tlement. the beating of men here and there marked the second day of the gen- eral walkout in San Francisco and the first. day in Oakland and the men were turned loose in Oakland to force maintain order. men were well cmplaeed behind ammunition in San FTEHCEOO- Th6 waterfront and the wholesale district h were barricaded from the rest of the city and fresh food supplies began moving in under armed convoys. grip on the Trolley car transportation was re- stored to a small fraction of the be- way began running "under a mutual arrangement between strikers city officials. under union sanction. only l0 had operated in that inan- 5- rrz. irrr-xgrif . W. < ivitsTTil} q EMAXIMS " 01A MERE MAN Wearetobeanxioustomaketiie belt of other; 8 PAGES A-nunl Subscription Delivered 86.00 By Hill Clanldl Ind U. S. A, $1.50 Arbitration May Settle The Pacific Coast Walk Out Strike Spreads To Oakland, Ala- meda, Berkeley And Other Com- munities. Labor Leaders Accept Proposal For Federal Mediation. (C- P- By Guardian's Special Wire) The committee that sponsored San Francis- co's general strike last night “advised" arbitra- tion of the longshoremans walkout and called up- on civil authorities to appeal to President Roose- velt for action in the emergency. Arbitration and settlement of the longshore- men's strike, in effect for more than two months, probably would halt the general strike since it was, called in sympathy for the Maritime workers. (A. P. By Guardian's Special Wire) SAN FRANCISCO, July I7.—Breaks in the gcneral strike clouds even while they were spreading their blighting shadows uvcr more Pacific (‘oasl cities appeared in two places today. A member of President Roosevelt's labor disputes board disclosed a‘ definite proposal to end the phenomenal mass ivalkouts by submitting the central issues to arbitration and by a concerted return to work im- mcdiately this was under way. In Portland, 0rc., a mass meeting to have been held late today to decide upon a general ivaikout of 35,000 workeii there was suddenly called oil. Definite facts were lacking, but the great general strike committee ofl San Francisco met suddenly in executive session. George Kldwell, Con- servative labor leader said a resolution of "great significance" would bq acted upon. This was rumored to be a proposal that the central issue! behind the mass walkout be submitted to “unlimited arbitration" and that the general strike be immediately stopped. MIJTHER n? SEXTll_PlETS said the member of the President's board. He said he was positive the water- 100,000 ON STRIKE All tlf b0 l. hl S8. ' Franciscdslsticllalwzs Sndxdr tile isiieil orl Ruynanlan W 0 m a n- warlike rule, while tne mass walkout ' ' ' spread officially to Oakland, Alani- (ilYes Blrth To SEX cda, Berkeley and other East Bay (TTTACTYCTI. (A. P. by Guardian's Special Wireil BUCHAREST, Rumania, July 1'1‘ ~Scxtuplcts were born today to Mrs. Joha Jordlis, in the Rumanian“ village of Jontesti. The mother and) children were reported doing well. President Roosevelt himself, Hon- Hugh s’ ‘mhmon’ NRA admin“ The birth of six children at once reported from Bilchaicst. is a rar- .ity in medical annals eve]. grcatc " than that. of quintuplets, which medical historians at the time thel famoug Dionne quintette was born; in Corbeil, Ont, said has occurrwii only 30 times in the last. 500 years. The five little Dionne sisters. all thriving at the ogc of 50 clays, to- day will break all records for long- evity according to Canadian Press despatrhes. Available data shows that iri Lisbon. Portugal. in 1866, the list! of a group of quintuplets died mi tho 50th day of licr life. No quind tuplets child known to medical history. except. the Lisbon baby, ' or than two weeks. sabotage, window smashing and their East Bay cities. Roving patrols of national guards- clp the already enlarged police Upwards of 4,600 national guards- riny tanks, machine guns bayonet ointed rifles and heavy stores of The strikers began to relax their 7718 Wedthel‘, wheels of commerce. cged city when the municipal rail- and . Aftassstwllo} is illrooro Ho ", llrailtiarji liotsun’ I Mluo ifliililur,‘ ea l\ raw llusahuos t, Fifty-one restaurants were open Yesterday rContinucd on Page Ill ing. debts blocks interest payments on the Dawes loan. Boris Hamat. 33, truck helper. Montreal. l Boris Smalkin, 55. Montreal} butcher operating a store in the, supply the strike cordoned city was light. ‘R. C Branion, State relief ad- ministrator in San Francisco. in- formed Aubrey Williams. acting acrou Canada. =rsrerss.erszau.rcts %....-...l . . wards. Hamid riuoaane “Fifi Cherry Valley. fgldaymnlght- ‘my 1 06h . 20m‘ Adm s“ on L-am-i-ia-ai. "The annual meeting of the! Brown Top Plant in soul-is will b!‘ hem in st. Marys Hall, Thursday. July 19th at s ‘i: iéibony cm . P. . ney. - m" n L-6937-7-18-lL} "BM-h Dangg and Musical littor- tiiiriment in Thos. Kickhams nevvi barn at Souria West on Wednesday.» July 13th, Proceeds St. Alexis‘ rid lunches. Church. Ice Cream a begged-mm.‘ j t "A monthly income sufficient tx>| kgep you in comfort during old 116*“ is something greatly m b" d°5“';t' Inquire how easily this can done. Consult. J. A. Moore. Mail- ager, Sun Life. kharlottetown. government labor mediation agen- lrw-Ibls,“ ¢1¢g_tl1e San F? Federal relief administrator, food channels had opened up overnight tiirmigh strike relaxations. Williams announced yesterday a stirvey had convinced hiiii San Francisco's food supply was ample EHIT slimmer months at St. Agatha Des BREEIJERS; ciull lliirllu Monts. Que. Peter Adeland, 45. Montreal merchant. The annual meeting oi thc _i_ Leon Haber, 22. Montreal. dress- Prince Edward Island Ayrshire u d, , v, cutter and father of two children. Breeders Club was held in the of- wiggyirgtsguymlgllwsvfltth mniiod m‘ ———~—— fice of the Department or Agrciul- ,,,,,,,,,',,,,,,,,,_ ° ° . ture. The president, Dr. J. A. Clark. ,, i, I |, 3 Not Pfoceed occupied the chair, and delivered \ll-I'i'l-Illifliiillllflllfyl, RRF-ijqgqq 5-,,“ a splendid report on the years ac- ""i'~ Jill.‘ i‘ "lllilluvln and mau- With Inquiry and immediate help from the relief administration was not. necessari- f t0 keep hunger away. He reached the same. conclusion today. ' outwardly, this was almost the only sign of activity among gov- ernment agencies immediately con? corned with the California strike, although the new national labor 79-’ laiions board took its first dcfinitei action during the day. The Board formally refused the rcqilcst of the company union of the Milwaukee Electric Railway and Liglit Company for an election to ciclorniitie what labor group should. ropirscnt thc plant's employees in (‘0ll(‘(‘ll\'8 bargaining. But no de- (‘lsiotig or comment were forthcom- time’: no no lo NO NEED TO WORRY... O Talia ll uayl when your Tooling: an in Ilia oven, wondering who! the mulls will be. 0 Us: Schwartz ' Belting Powder, following good nclpcs carefully and you're um to have biscuit: and alto: of which you ll be proud. 0 Yoiflluvc moncyAoo, iocli coda but 29c lb. SCHWARTZ BAKING POWDER Higb-grade — Mcfitinnnada — Alan-free tivities. The promotion and exten- iiiiiiii rerun-rat urr s .- lnnvann . 7n slon committee also presented its akpnn. __,‘ M, I .___ report. in which reference was ‘Yul-win _ . _u~ OVITAWA, July i'l—l3ecause of made to the herd survey work. Mr. ,,.",,':,"“,‘_‘|'X‘,V"_'X'I '1") the inquiry instituted by the On- W. R. Shaw was called upon to “any”, ' tario government, Chief Justice Duff has decided it would be in- expedient. for him also to proceed with an inquiry into the charges made against Rt. Hon- Arthur Meighen in his capacity as a mem- ber of the Hydro Elcctidc Power Commission of Ontario. On July 7. the Chief Justice of Canada was commissioned by the Dominion Govemment to conduct such an in- qutry. In making the appointment. the government stated Mr. Meighen. in pressing for an investigation had submitted if he were guilty of the the lino on hnhvlioolu, int; on thc principal ooncem of all l Wllmllfil.‘ charges made against him ho should not continue to be a mem- barofthegavernmentotflanndgl , explain the details of this work. factory financial statement, which ship fees for this year period from Jan. 1934 to June 30. fee for the Association be one dol- lar as from June 30, i934. and that those members who have already" paid their two dollars fee be cred- (‘harluliclnu-ii Q .. The secretary prescntcd a satis- FORHHT the auditor reported correct. llnt-itiiito l‘l-~\iiu-re-Alorieritlo unmi- On a motion by Mr- Major Mac- new anti um “that; nin- uitti llifill- l‘ : ll‘ iv-liiperaliirv. Rae, seconded by Mr. Wilfred Fur- " ness, it was decided that member- ii an 1i 2:11) aiui .'l Till" this ufivru.» cover the 1935. On a motion made by Earl _l|ll.'lllt'l‘ m..." Thrill-airy, Jilly Ings’ set-wnded by Lows Cairns’ "I n"\'llllli'llllill;i‘ll‘t‘ lulu vi 'llll‘l‘(‘ll niinilt"! w” declded ‘hat the membership lailer iiialli‘(‘harlhitoiihiii S Week days — lmiivitii: Ilortlen 9.45 I. m, 1 p_ ill. (l-Iurai, .115 p. m Leave 'l"lvrlllr*lliilil‘ 1i ll. iii. (Fairs) T2,?» p. in.; 7 p. in. daily‘ except Sum (auctioned on Pose 81 . why. bulimia: Mood-m Ne! 1K . L) W. t l l l 40.: laaga..‘taiwn-.a_. -I ' l i l . l" i l. i ;. l ‘fl. i I ‘if; t l" ~>£ ' i) ii "- =-.-=,..=-1--' -_v'r a 251T " assessors: -. Yfi "1 c-r-"ereavazww" *5‘: =1 fair-r n r r-TT w a- e0