This
      story
      began
      over
      two
     
     
      years
      ago,
      when
      researchers
      at
     
     
      Carleton
      and
      York
      universities
     
     
      decided
      to
      do
      a
      study
      on
      the
      civil-
     
     
      military
      relations
      of
      various
      eastern
     
     
      ex-communist
      countries.
     
    

    
     
      Dr.
      Mark
      Yaniszewski,
      one
     
     
      of
      UPEI’s
      political
      studies
      profes-
     
     
      sors,
      was
      on
      the
      Carleton
      team
      of
     
     
      researchers
      for
      the
      _
      project.
     
     
      According
      to
      Yaniszewski,
      the
     
     
      researchers
      were
      studying
      the
      civil-
     
     
      military
      relations
      of
      these
      former
     
     
      Eastern
      Bloc
      countries
      to
      see
      if
      any
     
     
      of
      them
      were
      making
      the
      kind
      of
     
     
      progress
      that
      would
      make
      them
     
     
      good
      North
      Atlantic
      Treaty
     
     
      Organization
      (NATO)
      members,
      as
     
     
      NATO
      is
      looking
      to
      expand
      its
     
     
      membership.
     
    

    
     
      Yaniszewski,
      who
      did
      his
     
     
      PhD
      thesis
      on
      civil-military
      rela-
     
     
      tions,
      said
      that
      the
      purpose
      of
      the
     
     
      study
      was
      only
      to
      find
      out,
      “what
     
     
      was
      going
      on
      in
      Eastern
      European
     
     
      countries
      after
      the
      fall
      of
      commu-
     
     
      nism,
      and
      were
      they
      making
      the
     
     
      kinds
      of
      reforms
      that
      would
      make
     
     
      them
      good
      allies
      for
      Canada.
     
    

    
     
      “By
      being
      NATO
      allies,
      it
     
     
      wouldn’t
      just
      help
      [Canada]
      ,
      it
     
     
      would
      help
      them
      as
      well
      to
      consol-
     
     
      idate
      their
      changes
      and
      the
      progress
     
     
      they
      had
      made...they
      could
      benefit
     
     
      from
      the
      defensive
      support
      that
      we
     
     
      could
      give
      them—much
      more
      sup-
     
     
      port
      than
      non-allies.”
      The
      profes-
     
     
      sor
      explained
      that
      Canada
      and
     
     
      NATO
      were
      looking
      to
      add
      strong
     
     
      democratic
      nations
      to
      the
      alliance,
     
     
      to
      increase
      their
      defensive
      power.
     
     
      “The
      world
      is
      a
      dangerous
      place,
     
     
      and
      there’s
      strength
      in
      numbers.”
     
    

    
     
      Before
      there
      can
      be
      strength
     
     
      in
      numbers,
      however,
      NATO
      and
     
     
      Canada
      are
      obliged
      to
      do
      an
      intense
     
     
      screening
      of
      the
      potential
      allies.
     
     
      Yaniszewski
      said
      that
      although
      the
     
     
      conditions
      seem
      simplistic-—as
     
    
   
   
    
     
      long
      as
      the
      countries
      had
      success-
     
     
      fully
      administered
      a
      democratic
     
     
      regime
      after
      the
      collapse
      of
      com-
     
     
      munism,
      they’d
      be
      eligible—the
     
     
      definition
      of
      the
      word
      “democratic”
     
     
      is
      very
      broad.
      What
      the
      researchers
     
     
      were
      investigating
      was
      how
      demo-
     
     
      cratic
      these
      nations
      were.
      Some
     
     
      leaders
      use
      the
      label
      of
      “democrat-
     
     
      ic”
      to
      be
      accepted
      and
      trusted
      by
     
     
      the
      West,
      when
      a
      closer
      look
      at
     
     
      their
      systems
      reveals
      that
      they
      are
     
     
      in
      fact
      much
      more
      dictatorial
      than
     
     
      the
      image
      they
      want
      to
      portray.
     
    

    
     
      The
      study
      was
      going
      well—
     
     
      until
      it
      was
      time
      to
      investigate
     
     
      Russia.
     
    

    
     
      The
      Canadian
      researchers
     
     
      were
      doing
      all
      they
      could
      to
      study
     
     
      Russia’s
      progress,
      but
      it
      was
      not
     
     
      enough.
      They
      needed
      someone
      on
     
     
      the
      inside
      who
      could
      conduct
      inter-
     
     
      views;
      so
      they
      hired
      Russian
      corre-
     
     
      spondent,
      Igor
      Sutyagin.
     
    

    
     
      According
      to
      Geoffrey
     
     
      York,
      a
      Canadian
      journalist
      in
     
     
      Moscow,
      one
      year
      after
      Sutyagin
     
     
      began
      his
      interviews,
      he
      was
      arrest-
     
    
   
   
    
     
      _
      ed
      by
      Russian
      police,
      and
      charged
     
    
   
   
    
     
      with
      treason
      and
      espionage.
      What
     
     
      is
      being
      kept
      secret
      from
      the
      public,
     
     
      the
      media,
      and
      even
      the
      legal
      sys-
     
     
      tem,
      is
      how
      Russian
      officials
      came
     
     
      to
      the
      conclusion
      that
      Sutyagin—a
     
     
      well-respected
      father
      of
      two—
     
     
      could
      possibly
      be
      accused
      of
      being
     
     
      a
      Spy.
     
    

    
     
      Dr.
      Yaniszewski
      claimed
     
     
      that
      the
      Canadian
      researchers
      had
     
     
      only
      good
      intentions
      in
      both
      the
     
     
      interests
      of
      Canada
      and
      Russia.
     
    

    
     
      “What
      we
      were
      doing
      was
     
     
      taking
      material
      that
      was
      perfectly
     
     
      accessible
      to
      anybody,
      both
      by
      our
     
     
      interpretations
      of
      the
      rules
      and
     
     
      what
      their
      interpretations
      of
      the
     
     
      rules
      would
      have
      been,
      and
      consol-
     
     
      idated
      those
      government-published
     
     
      materials.”
      He
      explained
      that
      the
     
    
   
   
    
     
      By
      Natalie
      Pendergast
      |
      |
      |
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      Dr.
      Yaniszewski.
     
    
   
   
    
     
      interviews
      that
      had
      been
      conducted
     
     
      by
      Sutyagin
      had
      been
      previously
     
     
      outlined
      in
      letters
      written
      to
      the
     
     
      Russian
      government,
      all
      of
      which
     
     
      had
      been
      approved.
     
    

    
     
      Sutyagin’s
      lawyer
     
     
      explained
      that
      it
      is
      not
      the
      reading
     
     
      of
      the
      material
      that
      is
      frowned
      upon
     
     
      by
      the
      Russian
      government,
      it
      is
     
     
      only
      when
      one
      attempts
      to
      analyse
     
     
      the
      information
      gathered
      from
      the
     
     
      open
      sources
      that
      officials
      begin
     
     
      arrests.
      ““You
      can
      read
      all
      you
     
     
      want,
      but
      don’t
      you
      dare
      compare
     
     
      and
      analyse
      this
      information,
     
     
      because
      that
      can
      produce
      a
      state
     
     
      secret,’”
      he
      told
      the
      National
      Post.
     
    

    
     
      UPEI’s
      Dr.
      Yaniszewski,
     
     
      who
      authored
      many
      of
      the
      findings
     
     
      of
      the
      researchers,
      fears
      that
      the
     
     
      only
      thing
      that
      kept
      Russian
      offi-
     
     
      cials
      from
      arresting
      the
      entire
      team
     
     
      was
      the
      overseas
      inconvenience.
     
    

    
     
      “It’s
      a
      little
      bit
      scary
      in
      the
     
    
   
   
    
     
      sense
      that
      those
      of
      us
      from
      Carleton
     
     
      and
      York
      were
      protected
      from
      the
     
     
      police
      merely
      by
      our
      passports.
      We,
     
     
      as
      Canadians,
      have
      the
      protection
     
     
      of
      our
      own
      _—
      government.
     
     
      Unfortunately,
      our
      Russian
      corre-
     
     
      spondent
      is
      being
      persecuted
      by
      his
     
     
      own
      government.”
     
    

    
     
      Dr.
      Yaniszewski
      denied
     
     
      taking
      part
      in
      anything
      illegal,
      and
     
     
      said
      that
      he
      is
      curious
      as
      to
      what
     
     
      Russia
      is
      hiding.
      “We
      weren’t
      try-
     
     
      ing
      to
      find
      fault
      with
      Russia,
      and
     
     
      my
      conscious
      is
      perfectly
      clear.”
     
    

    
     
      But
      Russian
      military
      expert,
     
     
      Amy
      Knight,
      is
      not
      so
      sure
      that
      the
     
     
      Canadians
      are
      innocent.
      “Was
     
     
      Canada
      planning
      to
      use
      [the
      infor-
     
     
      mation]
      for
      some
      sort
      of
      non-mili-
     
     
      tary
      purpose,
      or
      was
      it
      simply
      act-
     
     
      ing
      as
      a
      middleman
      for
      the
     
     
      Americans
      and
      the
      British?”
      she
     
     
      asked.
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      The
      Cadre.