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___ _ ____ _______ _____________________________ ’ \ \ f - /~ -\ fl .~ ft . ,. ~ l. . .
THE KEEPING 0F BEES
HONEY lhl SPLENDID SUBSTITUTE
FOR SUGAR.
1: ' should as nsmeunibered that
lnilnro to Provide Proper Care
fnfwlnter and Spriui Ma! Result
_lnlklmost Total Failure--A Very
' Pppltable Sideline on Any Farm,
_ .Bdekeeplug can be made s. prom.
ableastde line on the farm. When
properly managed bees make a good
sup lyof honey, which is a splendid
substitute for sugar. While the es-
sentials of beekeeping are simple and
easily understood. it is highly im-
portant that the keeper understand
#helices and give them the cure they
nqgdat thc proper i.lme. Too many
begkeepers work by ruleof thumb, but
the most- successful are students of
bees who understand their needs in
thu different seasons.
Success in beekeeping depends on
the beekeepers skill in two lines of
effort. , First, he must see to it that
every colony is strong in numbers
at the beginning of the period when
nectar is secreted. This is often not
accomplished, for if the colony is
weakened by poor care in winter the
secretion of nectar may begin so
early in the season that the bees have
not time. without aid. to gain sum-
clenily in strength. /in example is
found in the white clover region,
where nectar secretion usually be-
gins about June 1. and most bee-
keepers lose much of the white clover
nectar from bad management. In
alfalfa region many colonies fail to
get nectar from the first crop for
the same cause, even though this of-
ten comes in July. lt is evident,
therefore, that a. failure to provide
proper care in winter and spring may
result in almost total failure. This
The Honey In-a, worker; b. Queen;
o, Drone (Enlarged).
one factor is responsible for heavy
losses which should be guarded
against at this time.
In order to obtain strong colonies
in time for the honey now, the bee-
keeper must see that every colony i.-
sunlciently strong ln bees the prc-
vlons fall to winter successfully. This
can be done by lea/ving plenty of
stores for the bees to feed ou, and
space for breeding. The bees also re-
quire protection from cold and wind
during the winter. This applies also
to the care of bees in spring. for at
this time they should have abundant
food and protection. The failure to
take the proper care of bees in win-
ter and spring is a source of the
greatest loss now experienced by bee-
keepers, and this applies to almost
all parts of the country; Yet it is a
simple matter to protect thebees
from wind and cold. To do so will
put more dollars in the farmers
pockets and more bees in his hives.
A second, and in souls regions an
equally important, consideration is
keeping the colonies from swarming.
Where a. colony divides itself into two
parts of swarming. neither part is
able to gather as much surplus honey
for the heekeeper as the original col-
ony might have done. The old-time
beekeopsr counted his success by thc
number of swarms which issued. but
the modern beekeeper realises that
unrestricted swarming is one of thc
greatest sources of loss. To prevent
swarming entirely, or even to handle
swarms so as to overcome this source
of loss, is the most diidcult task con-
fronting the beekeeper in some re-
gions, while in others thc problem
is almost absent. No infallible meth-
od of swarm prevention has been
known in spite of thc strenuous ef-
fort to solve this mystery of the hive.
However, practical methods of pre-
vention and control have been evolv-
ed. so that in profiting by the work
of others a beekeeper can largely
overcame this difficulty. Unless the
bcekeeper realises the necessity of
having colonies strong in time for the
nectar and of keeping up this
strength by every means at his com-
mand, his beekeeplng endeavors will
fall io yield thc greatest profit - a
condition which is particularly unde-
sirable at this time.
when Horses Were new.
"zany tlireeders nth this ctzillntzy :re
ms c v . or
horses. Mugherof tlilsoufegling is
Without foundation. lf people would
°nly think back 25 years they would
remember that conditions were far
verse than they are now. I well
remember that I bought hundreds.
res. thousands of -good commercial
horses for from $85 to $00 a head.
:nl:‘llevsuTt\hen 1 could not naalkedauly
e. r .
h0rseyto~ds; l.tl“:1l:l1ic|l,gnf1:;lrl ;150‘to
3250. And the men who stayed in
and railed a few good colts are the
men who made the money.--Eli
Sprunger in Dresden' Gasette.
ada-n¢_-is-a-of-I-"*°'*'
Stallions In Manitoba.
lion. llan Wlnkler'a scheme for
nurnbsn by the Manitoba Govern-
ment of stsllions. and the nle at cost
to tlib farmers, under s Government
suarsntee came in for a large
Voluilie of criticism at the annual
m°°.¢ lil Of the Manitoba Horse
9f¢0tl6rs' ` ssoclatiou. The breeders
mt. -.Q
 ?$'WtWdiliJ$
- ,,-_  ..__l__._`..‘..`. ..-
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1
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PM" TRUUBLES- 1~nos‘l'r/\Bl.s‘. on Mesa* mmm. ‘ 9N0\\~ 15 A p\¢m,g_ 1
l~)ncournging Hgpm-|_
01 Weclal interest to members of
me 0"""l0 Végetable Growers’ Ag-
5°°\lll0Il who were not able to be
resent at the annual convention
° d ‘“ T°"-‘"l° f°°°ntly. and to all
5"°"°"B °f Vtlletables throughout the
Province is the report of the vege-
llble specialist, A. H McLennan
B-_S-A~ Wllloll was delivered on that
occasion. containing as it dogg an Bc-
count in brief of results obtained
during 1918 in experiments in meth-
fn” f; °°“"`°|"U8 Plant disease and
801- Deals. further information re-
Sdrding which can be obtplned on
application to the Department by
Such as are desirous of taking ad-
vantage of thc information secured
Th” f°||°“'|DK extracts from Mr. Mc-
Lcllun's report will give an ldap, ot
'the work accomplished under his
direction:
"The vegetable surve' h
finished this year but his nzlitt 3:3:
fully tabulated as yet. Owing 9_0 M,-_
Reeves’ illness last fall this work was
delayed, but was finally finished by
Mr. Rush and myself. This work has
shown that our growers do not make
the use of vegetable experimental
work that they might.
"The ' 0555880 Ulasgot has been
very troublesome this year; many
new sections reporting it, and lt will
be DBVPBBHYY to work in these during
1919. Very satisfactory results were
obtained this year in the control of
°3bb9-E0 lllllggot with corrosive subli-
mate: 1 ounce to 10 gallons of water.
This remedy has been tried for the
Da-st seven years and has proved sal-
lsfactory. We can show many results
where ouly 2 per cent. loss occurred:
322 cabbage in one patch were treat-
nd at a cost of $1.75. Prof. Caesar.
who has taken up the study of the
llfc history of this pest as well as
the onion and radlsh maggot, has
obtained similar results. The our
point that must be kept in mind ist
t.he time of first application of thr
spray. This should be the fourth o-
ilfth day after setting and each week
thereafter for three weeks. The egc
stage ls the easiest to destroy this
pest. Note when the eggs are laltl
by looking around the plant stem for
them. There is only one disadvan-
tage to this remedy and that is its
effect on the bacteria in the soil. Fox
this reason we tried out u new rem-
edy ihls year--a saturated salt solu-
tion-and hope to get more deflnitc
data next year. We often nnd grow-
ers who desire to follow late cabbagr
or early caulidower after the earl.\‘
crop. Often the carly crop has been
badly affected with thc maggot. This
year we found that we could save 90
per cent. of the latc crop even wherr
the soil in which they were planted
was filled with eggs and larvae.
"We had been trying to find sonn
method to control Onion Blight, Bor-
deaux Mlxture apparently has but
little effect on it. Last year we tried
using a top dressing of nitrate oi
soda when the bulbs were formin:
and results .lustify our trying it out
more completely this year.
"Black Heart in celery can bt
controlled by the use of ‘Black Lest
40' in the Bordeaux. Our work thit-
year shows that this disease mal
be caused by both the Tarnisbell
Plant Bug and a black-green aphid.
On a patch containing 352 dozen wr
had a loss of Eve dozen due to Black
Heart. afber careful successive spray'
lng. Spraying started June 9, ended
Aug. 9--nine times. 54 gallons Bor-
deaux, 7% gallons. ‘Black Leaf 40_,
cost $1.50, labor $5.40. t.oLal $1.
Great pare, however, must be taken
during blanchlng. as the conditiona'
at that time are favorable for the
spread of the disease. It is neces-
sary to prevent any sweating-
"That Celery Blight can be cured
by Bordeaux Mixture has been alu-
ply demonstrated again this year.
The addition of Distillate Paraffin
Oil as a sticker was tried, but proved
unsatisfactory because it burned thc
foliage. Dusting with sulphur and
lime dust was also tried and P10105
satisfactory. Next. Yell' WG H0116 if’
carry on this dusting on a large'
scale. Work was carried on at Lon-
don with Formalin treatment-1 pill'
to 20 gallons water. This was dear
on Mr. George BYCYDUS PM-°\1» “ii
one application proved satisfactory.
although some slight burning WI!"
occasioned where too much liquid
was applied or the spray coarse. This
method is also worthy ef further
lrlal, especially where tho disease
has only obtained n slight hold on
the patch. as it kills imtuediatell-
lt should be followed with Bordeaux
Mixture.
"Considerable success has been ob-
tained in thc province ln the control
of Toronto Mildew in`Z1‘°¢il\\°“5° bl
bu;-nlng uulplmr on a shovel. A tea-
spoonful of sulphur iS Wl'B»DD0d 13
paper. then set tire to, and while d
slowly burns a man carries it up “ll
down the alley in the house-
"sphldl on cabbage and pclatw
were completely controlled DY U"
use of ‘Black heal 40'-1 Dllll- 10 40
gallons of water. One thorough alt-
pllcation proved offeclulll-
"New Ontario potato seed was ob-
tained for some of our growers. lit
ls expected that this seed will help
ln mal-gaping our returns from thi;
 A, "':.°l::i°°;::';° :.':‘.‘r:'.:.
o mosac a _
have been found in the il°0W€\"°
ilelds. These diseases are carried ll
mgéillect December 1 much time hu;
“gn spent in instructing returns*
soldiers at the Convalescent Hosti-
|_¢|_ Guelph. Many wounded men
are turning to market gardening as
a means of li-velihoodpand it is the
duty of each one of us here to help
them all we can to get started sslllt
If they are started right th(ey will
soon be ublc io luke care o them-
selves." __
Have' Cow Fresher- In Full.
lt is well to remember that it NYS
to have the cows freshenln the fall.
Then there is more time to milk them
and the milk brings a better price.
Tllc calves that are born in the fall
are ,-“dy to turn out to pasture in
the spring, while calves born ln the
s;u°lng used milk and grain when
' should be'out harvesting olielp
P53 ¢°r‘osn~;e_l1';e.~.1==.1\»ev~.»_\.~.»s-_ .
Onhrlo \’e bl E ~ _ __ . ,
5°” ° 'pmt “ink” DUUYWB ‘md M001* R“|"hi¥ M0 l-Even the Sririitists Know \"¢°ry Little
Recommended. I _\b,,\,t 1| _ 
General farnliug and live stock rais-
ing, with a limited amount of dairy-
ing and a. good crop rotation is, on
th average, the typo most easily
made profitable on farms in many
parts of Canada. lt was found that
specialized dairy farms paid better
normally than dairy and grain
farms, but on the average did not
Day as well as the combination of
dalrylng and hog raising. Dairying
with hogs and grain usually yielded
better labor income than any other
combination. The outstanding ad-
vantages of this type as compared
with others are greater diversity of
income, a large percentage of receipts
from sale of live stock and live stock
products, and a comparatively small
percentage of the income from the
aalc of crops, because for the most
Oattis and corn-A Good Combination
In Profitable Farming.
part the crops are sold to better ad-
vantage by feeding them to live stock.
The types of farming and the gen-
eral conditions which prevail make
the size of u farm a -very important
factor bearing on the income. There
is also a direct relation between the
amount of capital invested and the
labor income ol’ the operator, Gen-
erally speaking. lhe larger the farm
and the greater the investment, the
greater the percentage or rate of in-
come.
The cropping system and the pro-
per distribution of crop area. lt was
learned, were inlportant factors in
profitable farm management. On the
more prehtnblc farms studied in this
territory. from 30 to 50 per cent. of
the total crop at-co. was lu corn, an
average of 10 pvr cf-nt. in oats, an
average of 30 per cont. in Whertl.,
from l to 10 per cent. in barley, and
from 20 to 30 per cent. in llay.
As a. result of the study‘it was
found that the following rotation is
well adapted to conditions in this
urea: First. year, corn; second year.
f'orn:'tl1ird year, oats and harley;
fourth year. wheat, and the fifth
year, hay. Alfalfa is a valuable addi-
tion to the average cropping system.
__________.____.-_-
Record Year In English Herefords.
A new record in Hereford sales lu
England was made during the past.
year. The February yearling bull
Resolute, a sou of the $45,000 rc-
cord-prico bull Ranger, was sold at
$40,000 by Major Stewart Robinson
of Lynhalcs. near Kingston, Here-
fordshire. A three-year-old bull was
sold from Herefordshire to go to the
American farmstead of Col. E. H.
Taylor, jun., at the sum cf $17,500,
while a cow was bought to remain in
En land at $3,600. A three-year-old
holler realized $3,500. two two-year-
old sellers $3,000 each, a bull calf
changed hands at $1,750, and a belf-
er calf at $2,900. Herds realized
from $10,000 to $75,000 more than
they would have fetched in pre-war
days, and the late Viscount Rhond-
You know us much about snow as
anybody else on earth-which is to
say nothing at ull. You know that it
is white, that it is either granular»-
composed of little round grains-or
flaky. If it is flaky you know that
each flake ls lt six-pointed crystal for-
mation; at least you ought to know
it, for it is ai fact. But why it is
white. why it is always six-pointed,
why it was made to come ln winter
instead of summer--nobody knows
that, except that it is part of nn-
ture's way. and therefore is the right
\\'a.\‘.
You dill go to the library and get
books that have been written about
thc snow. You can see magnified plc-
tures of it. You can read where
the scientists tell you about how it is
formed in thc clouds - and all ol
that. -And when you have read every-
thing that has been written about
it and have seen all the pictures of
the various kinds of snowflakes, and
have spent hours with the scientists,
you know what everyone knows and
nothing more. You know that it is
a wonderful arrangement of nature.
The snowflakes seem to form them-
selves out of the moisture of the
clouds. At first there is ll. tiny for-
mation, maybe no bigger than the
point of a pin--but six-pointed. A
number of these tiny six-pointed
stars stuck together and make
another six-pointed affair, and
they ,lab into another of their
kind and become a big snow-
Bake and fall to the earth, and the
whole thing is six-pointed. They are
always forming high in the heavens,
and starting toward the earth. But
in the summer the air of the earth
is so warm they melt and fall in rain
drops; in the winter, when the air at
the level of the earth is cool, they
get all the way to earth, and instead
of having rain wc have snow.
Snow forms in tho clouds every-
where in the world. But in the tro-
pics, where it is always warm at the
surface of the earth, they do not
reach the ground. But if there is u
mountain in the tropics thc top of it
-will be covered with snow, because
away up there it is cool. It would
snow at the Equator just as it does
in thc Arctic regions if it were not
warmer at the surface of the earth
at- the Equator than it is in the
Arctics.
In tllls-rliulate the snow serves at
useful purpose in that lt covers thc
vegetation and protects it from tht-
severe cold or winter. it doesn’t
make any difference llow cold lt is,
li' the vegetation is covered with
HIIUW.
So the must udvu-ntageous winters
we can have are those where the
snow lies upon the ground. The snow
forms si. blanket, and prevents the
cold from destroying thc roots of the
plants.
Now that winter is upon us, and
the snows are due. study the flakes.
get out of doors and allow them to
alight upon your sleeve. 'Take a mag-
nifying glass and look at them. They
are beauties - six-pointed beauties;
no two alike, but all of them. six-
polnted. When the big fellows fall
you do not need a glusgl; you can
study them with the naked eyc.
And when the-snow comes in dl-ills
and swirls about the face of the
earth, and drifts into every nook and
cranny, look at it. Behold not an
enemy, but a friend. See how naturi-
has woven a blanket for her littlr-
chlldreu. Comprehend, if you can.
the infinite patiencc that so devised
lt that these little particles should
fall silently until they formed it
great sheet to cover thc region--u
wavy, warpy garment of purity to
shut out thc north wind, the biting
tongue that would lap up the tender.
growlng plants of the eartll. There is
no more wonderful thing than thc
|la's dispersal at Llanwern near New- snow--and no more kindlier thing;
901'! in M0l\m0l‘U19hlY0 imlllillli' i-0-l nor anything more universal over thc
taxed upwards ol $210,000 for 2043 face or the earth. pesplse not tn-
animals. or an average of $l.0l2-~ snow, nor complain about it; let it
Such figures Wore l\¢V0l` KDOWH bg-i kiss your cheek in affection. It is all
fore. The value of the existing her s right.
ln the British lales has been increas- ~»--------
ed threefold. and may HOW bi! BBW .vfercliant Marine Honored.
mated at about $70,000,000.
Public recognition was conferred
upon members of the merchant ma-
liouses for Hired Men. rlne when presentations were made
If the farmers are loath to supply
suitable houses on their farms for the
accommodation of the hired man and
his family, possibly the Township
Council or other municipal bodies
might undertake the solution of the
problem along the line of encourag-
ing thc building of heuuell suitable
to the purpose in groups. improved
roads would facilitate transportation
nf thc ulen to and from their work
by means of vehicles provided for
the purpose and maintained by a
small charge lo the passengers. This
would mean that thc farmers would
have to pay higher wages in cush but
the general arrangement would be
_conducive to a feeling of greater in-
dependence by the farmer and his
hired man.
. Oat and Pen tillage.-~ l
Cattle-feeding experiment indicate
that oat and pea sllage can be sub-
stituted for alfalfa hay at two pounds
of sllagc to one pound of hay. During
113 days of the winter of 1915-16
growing helfers with eat and pea sil-
age in the ration made an average
daily gain per head of two pounds.
costing 8.4 cents daily. Without sil-
'age they made an average daily gain
of .06 pound on a ration costing 9.4
cents per day. Ten pounds of sllage
more than replaces Me pounds of
alfalfa.
Siiskatclnewnn Agricultural Societies.
There are over one hundred and
twenty agricultural societies in Sas-
katchewan, which conduct the agri-
cultural exhibltions during the sum-
mer and winter. and the seed grain
fairs, poultry exhibitions, ploughlng
matches. standing crop competitions
and the boys’ and girls’ club work.
Combination Sale at Edmonton.
A combination sale of breeding
stock is to be held at Edmonton.
Those making entry of bulls will be
permitted to~ enter lfemalbs to tits
latent of one-half of the number
in Halifax recently by the civic cor-
poration and the Board of Trade to
Messrs. Hayes and Ferguson, cap-
tain and engineer, respectively, of thc
Whiiu Stal' liner Olympic, which for
thc past, three years has been on-
gagetl in overseas transport service
between that port and Great Britain.
The civic reception took place in the
City 1-fall two days after the Olympic
had landed 5,000 returning soldiers
from all parts of Canada. Many
prominent citizens were present. lu-
cludlng thc Hon. G. H. Murray. Pre-
mier of Nova Scotia. The city's gift
was a solid silver solver, inscribed
with the city arms. The presentation
by the Board of Trade took the form
of a loving cup, which was presented
i by the Lieutenant-Governor. Mr. A.
‘l~‘crguson, the chief engineer, was
also presented with a tea service and
sllyer galver, whilst every other odi-
ccl' and the members of the crew
wore also presented by the people of
‘ Halifax with a parcel.
__,__,_.__..--
1 Vocational Guidance.
l Prof. Oscar D. -Skelton, head of
the department of economics in
Queen’s University. Kingston, an-l
one of the Canadian Goverument's
advisers on economic questions, lu
an addl-'ess on "Unemployment." stut-
ed that, in regard to remedies, bet-
ter technical training would make
I men more adaptable. Vocation guid-
uncc was necessary lo permit boys
and girls to choose their life work
with their eyes open. The organiza-
tion of thc labor market by a system
of labor exchanges, such as had been
established in Great. Britain, and
were about to be established lu Can-
ada, would be of much service. The
policy of reserving government con-
‘, tracts for slack times, in order to
5 prevent extreme ductuaiions, was
‘ dimcult lo carry out in practice.
though. fortunately. there were at
present ln Canada many important
and necessary- public works, which
had been postponed on account of the
yu, to keep the wheels of lndtlstry
iurnlnl-, _._ __  
APPLE ORCHARDB l.\'~l URED
Chess were Weskeued by sever
of Winter of 1917-18.
The winter of 1917-18 will long
remembered by fruit growers in
provinces of Ontario and Quebec
one of the hardest on fruit tree
any that has been experienced.
While each flees were killed b
i`RldA\l AND BUTTER TESTS
` FEBRUAR,Y_|5» |919 __ " ' _ _ _ _ . rsvp;-_ /'U 1, vtv l\'\\~\-i~-\w\\|'\- .\\ - l nn' - -. A
,__ -»-,--  --- s I- - _ _~  ~V_ _ W i Z - __ it _V H _ N ,_ __ _ _ j__' _ ‘ P
 %m»>w'nMMn»mwmmmMHmmmwm4w+wv+ B Y to E “ _'k
/ _.__ _
      - Guhsolhu  
4':H*~f *`*l.*l\d'.§it»1'l'*?l"|'*l~4*'l9i
’ ""*""' - " "' "' "“ ` ' *" 'r' ’~'~"`- ~"‘~"‘-'-'-‘ ~~ -‘-`-‘-'-'- -' `-'- '-*ff-'-‘-‘-‘-' ‘---\---~ - - -- - --»--»--»-~ - -- -.--».,.,.,.~....~..-~»-»»-¢V_ . . 
_ 1 . _ ' "_'_
ity vi-caucus or o.A_c. Dau - won nm    
'Q .
Prize. I --- , ,_
bil lil 4-ons¢'de-ration of the fact that , -"'-' -
'I B llafy. was e wnnlng ex
hibli in u class of entries similarly Ummm 0' FII'-H' In - *~
9-Ck treated at the Western Ontario Dairy-
U3 butter made in June last at the IT CAN BE CUBED RIGHT ON 'l`BE_
S of O.A.C. dairy and kept in cold storage F4311, ' '.
util J n ' th l - '
D _
1° “me exlenllll NIU-Kira peninsula. mr-n's Show at London, the following V MW" 1°’ °“ l““l'°l_!°v NI# _ »
it was among the apple trees and
the colder districts where the gre
est losses occurred.
were root killing, splitting of
al' l’rul’. H. H. Dean, with regard to b
in report made at the convention by .Seem to lhvo Panini
ul- rhey can ptrrnae rluagi`
The forms the winter injury took :mel;l§ppg:;;;.§,m§°hl,;‘:,l;dlgifsgldaamthe
the Special interest to buttermakera:
back at the base ofthe tree, some- --The addmon of 10 el. Cen,
times known as "collar rot,” b
splitting on the trunk, trunk killl
crotch injury and killing back of
top. The fruit and leaf buds on
trees were often killed also. Whit* - _
at large number of trees died during  quamy of bum" held in C
. ' 1
1918 tllere were many more w
l
Wen'-.im-0 this WiD!6l'|n i1V@I'Y Wellk- lcurized at at temperature of 1
ened Condition and may yet die.
ark . D ' c
1-be hence may be recommended for lo
B ture to pusteurized cream improv
K. the flavor of butter when fresh a
of
ul
We trade. but it did not improve the
5"" "Butter made from cream p
BY 1108. 1".. and having no culture add
S
Themselves With Very DIIIIIHQVO
Flavor. - - .`
Too many farmers buy o plrtor
_‘ig all of their supply of most from
on local _stores and hucksters. last.
espermily pork, can be grown. and
curl-tl ut home for lllllch less thin-tho
old cost or the purchased meat, to say
a _ nothing ui' u ready market forjgood
country-cured hams, shoulders 'und
so Sides. ln spite of this the custom of
the time pruning is begun it should ,,,.,,,..,d mghen __m___ holdmg cm' \'nrmcts= purchasing cured meats is
be possible to tell any trees which ..t0,.ag£. ,mth ww healed Lu H0 1
are oin to die this winter or wh
E S
have additional dead wood on them, The 10,3 lmymg the acidity
and it will be possible to prune th
intelligently. There will he- many -em by ,he use of “mp hem
_ . _ _» ~. » ,, re hc
“B9” M “mich ‘“-l‘-‘\'5- h°“'°Vel;_ 'ng, produced butter with sligb
1311( wetler keeping quality as compar
vlth lots not ‘neulrallzed,' but these
where alulosl. all of the bark
cambium were killed around
base ol' large limbs and where
'ch log. no and iso deg. F.
6111 _ duced (neutralized) to .3 to .4 per
U1’ 1 ests need to be repeated.
Y
ed
Trees "3 “red in this Wa H0191" arinls made with a butter cutter
J 3’
unsatisfactory as they may linger
years in it weakened condition ant l . _ _
of little value and eventually will  ,wgfkxéiglll 'glliooigéqggrf
latter meet. in the head of the tree ~\t_.,,lam,,, in “Wghm or pound
break ‘|0Wl1 if they ‘I0 H0! ‘U0 Uf‘f°l'f :ut from four boxes only 27 wuelre
9
doing so. Tile' orchard :=l\euld
gone over carefully this winter a
fm were from 1 'lf to 18 32 of an ounce
bf exactly 16 ounces in weight, 1
examined for such injury. Whev 0.-9,, Weight-»
pruning the orchard. the dead bark Another matter of spatial [me
should be removed from th
patches, and the wounds pain
and - kept painted with white lead |
paint. li' much of the bark and ca D ms addresg to me western Dal
bium in illc main crutches are dc
the future of the tree should be <-
65' to cream producers and butt
ts
7
IW were under weight and 136 were
led makers reported on bl' Prof. Dean
'"1' which he said:
ry-
Wgl' men was that of “Separator Testa"
11 \ conducted at Guelph, regarding
sidered as -very doubtful. If many -‘Milk having an avemée of 3.25
of the trees in the orchard are
wide enough at arl to permit of pla
af' `per cent. fat, when separated w
fected in this way and the trees are f .h d h- . d
e
p ,
ing a young trec half-way betw
without too much shading from
""1 cent. fat. Milk with 3.93 Der ce
older trees, it would be well to plnn tl0ns_ produced cleam testing
to do this next spring. Good cr
may be obtained from these ln]
uieantiluc, the young trees will
coming into bearing. 'Where land
available, however. the setting ol'
orchard elsmrhere is desirable. Otl
trees ula.r be planted succcssfu
itll
L our an mac mes, ple uced cream
“ °0l1U¢i'l\lI1g un average of 35.45 pci'
ui.
di-
an
0l""‘ average of 44.96 per cent. fat. These
U10 fat, separated under similar con
r .
_ V ed results indicate that the percentage
trees for some years, and, in thi* of fat in the milk separated has qu
bf* a marked effect on the percentage
'fi fat in the cream,
ite
of
*U* "Increasing the speed of three
where trees were killed last winter. l above ,“,,~,“a\ mused an mnease
alil\<>\\sh ll has been said lhatvoum: the percentage or rat in the cream
trees will lint do well where an older nf ,,_bm,¢_ 0ne_ha1f of one Del. cem_
_ _ il" while u decrease of six revolutions
not. but it ls usually due to the fart Del. minute Caused a decrease
tree has been. Sometimes they
that thc older trees thai were l
ovcrslludowoil them. Where il
have sufficient light they should s
reed.
tree has been, llll the hole with go
9-fl about one-hall' of one per rent. fat
W? the cream. all other crlmlltions hcl
""` similar lu both cases.
‘mf d|S0-llfpc cream separators six revo-
nl lutlons of the handle per minute
in
ul’
lu
ug
I "With a 'suction-it-ed,” hollow-
When renlanting where unotllcl' howl Sem,-aw,-_ me W,-y ommsm,
of
"" the foregoing results were obtained
surface sell from midway between | __the higher the speed the lower UM.
the rows rather than use the sumo l percentage ng my in the C,-Gam; ,L
soil as. was thrown our.. A rapid w
of removing old dead trees is by tho the test of the Cream for fat _
use of dynamite,
Il/'ullue of Clover.
Good crops of clover are a logic
necessity on the stock farm in Eas
ern Canada :mtl successful farm ma
agement v/hcl-c llvc stock raising
not the end anti uint of the fa
practice, depends to an even gres
extent on the inclusion of some va
ietr of thc cle-vcr family in the farm
live gallons of milk produced are
,.,. . cent. fat, an incl ease of 1.76 in i
nd
ll." the lower the speed the higher was
l "Using two quarts of warm water
‘to flush the bowl after separating
m
' . a
al ‘ testing an average of 32.55 per cent.
,_ fat. Under similar conditions the
“_ cream, after separating ten gallons
_._ of milk and using two quarts of wa-
rm ter to flush the bowl, tested 34.31 per
_ .
llc.
_._ i test.
"Using two quarts of skim milk
rotation In thc case of the fr
. . . \
farm or truck farm, clover provid
the most valuable green manure cr
and the variety of legume that w
succeed in the uvera e vear and yiel
E .
the greatest :tulount of material f
ploughlng under, is the best uuit
for manuriul or cover crop purposes
The old-fashioned, well-known var
ieties of clover, namely, common rel
ndnlslk, l-vllcbests itedtothr _ _ _
a 0 a ‘ I u ' \1\v Slwwlsll “M11” Amana Ammals- mined t-to-.~ and intelligent feeding
i l luspector W. Graham Glllam, who will llrrrdllcc inet! of doiiflble llllll-
- is the Dominion Government veter- ity. 'l`ll<- smooth, even and deeply
a fleshed hogs will yield the nicely
s marbled meat.
g The meat from very young hogs
animals at this season The disease lacks flavor and ls watery. Old moat
- _ is possibly a little more virulent than is generally very tough. The meat.-of
1 usual, he says, but the disease in old hogs can be improved, however.if
e- they are properly fattened before
Red clover is the more generally uset
demands of the average stock farmer
and is ainin in popularity in com
S E
parlsen with ulsike largely because iuary surgeon for Northern Albert
tu and Northern British Columbia, say
‘sow the latter alone in short rotu- influenza is always DYGBGM 41111011
n .
it is becoming common practice
tions. Where the four-year rotatio
is practiced. however, or if the mea
dow is to be left down for more thal
two years. alslke should lm includel
in the seed mixture, if only for the semblance to human Spanish influ
in enza.
“There have also been exaggerated the most predtable age at which to
- reports that this disease is affecting slaughter is eight to twelve months.
good results it is responsible for
the curing of the hay.
For a really satisfactory hay mix
ture nothing has yet been found
in the proportlouof a third each
thc two clovers and u half of tim
ed 1 volume of flushing material used u
to, big game," said Inspector Glllam
excel the mixture of alsike and red who has been out on a tour of inspec-
clover with timothy. This mixture. tion, particularly through the Rock,
of Mountain district west of Jasper. As .
- atnatter of fact.ouly two dead moosf- will drink. This will help in $1883'
M , for flushing the bowl after separating
ggi increasing- ll may not be practic-
‘ “NC f°\` f=Ve\‘v farmer to butcher and
cure his own meat. but in nearly
re' P-vers' community a few farmers
could do this and make ood rout!
' U .-
at Farmers \vho sell country?-oured
meats have experienced very little
difficulty in establishing a. permanent
trade. To accomplish this one must
understand the kind of cured meat
his trade demands, and also how ii
is made. Country-cured meat often
carries too much fat and undesirabli-
““ odors. and it is generally too salty.
A well-marbled, lulcy, savory pigs.-
ol’ meat showing the proper admb
ture of fat and lean and possessln.-_I
a good flavor in the kind the con
sumer desires.
riff ln selecting hogs for butchering
health should have first considera-
tion. Even though the hog has been
_____________._.._._.___-------
Convenlent Arrangement for Bosldlng.
propt=rly fed and carries a prime Bn-
ish. the best quality of meat cannot
he obtained if the animal ls un-
hcullhy; there ls always some danger
that disease may be transmitted to
the person who eats the meat. The
keeping quality of the meat is always
impaired by fever or other derange-
ments.
9,, five gallons of milk, the cream tested A hog ln medlum U-,ndm°n_ nga-
0,, an average of 36.17 per cent. fa
ll
ln;-, rapidly in weight, yields the best
ill and f0l` le” g““°“S S°l‘“\'i1¢‘3d- U1” quality of meat. Do not 'kill a hog
.1 cream tested 38.63, a difference
0,. _ 3.4 per cent. fat in the tests. 'l`l
_ fects the tests of cream considerably
_ where varying weights of milk ur
1 scparaterl from time to time."
l question bears not the slightest r
IB
Of that is losing flesh. A reasonable
nmount of fat gives julciness and
f~ flavor to the meet, but large amounts
of fat are not essential.
“ The breedin of animals plays an
S
important part in producing a carcass
of high quality. Selection, long con-
slaughter. Hogs can be killed for
meat any time after eight. weeksrbuf
Hogs intended for slaughter
should remain bnfed for at least 24
v hours or better, 30 hours. Give
mem 'sn me clean. fmt. water they
othy will not only yield a heavy crop were found, which ho was unable to the system of food and will facilltatt
of good quality mixed hay in the first see, but judging from the accounts bleeding. Do not excite or wblg o
year after the grain crop with which given him death was probably due to hog before killing. An excited _os
the grass seed should be sown, bu1` ordinary disease conditions from never makes a good carcass. lnli
the inclusion of the clovers in thc ~ which wild animals in the ordinary whipping causes bruised hams, vlhlhh
mixture in a reasonable guarantee of course of nature dit' from time to are not fit to cure. An ihj red»h_h-,:
e strong timothy crop in the second _ time.
year Clover, having the power
to
absorb nitrogen from thc insxhaust-.' Barley In Hog Feed.
ible Sllpltll' in U10 HW- U01 01”? 5U¥"\ Although harley should not con
piles that element to the soil, but ammo th., whole gallon ln l\0gB_
vides a ver considerable amount ma ,ogtabb form U large pa,-1 of straight sticking knife, a eutallij.
nl-o y - y is '
or the protein so much desired in the muon at least in the snlsnlu
may be used for food provided lt' ic
bled immed-lately. __
lt is essential te have the propel
. equlpment for rapid andlkillfu woiég
li nt killing time. An eigltbhl
(_, imlfe. 2 14-inch steel. a hog boo ,~a
balancing the feed 11111011- as afewll- period. 'ro obtain the seat results bell-sh=~v-\l stick scraper.-1 slmlrrgl
---*-°"'°-' . the barley should bc ground. Where llld H N00* BUG “"0 "|55 055 .
One of the Oldest of Flowers.
skim milk is available a good rutiu
n each or these tools may be access#
. I 5 is: Five hundred pounds skim milk.
...”.‘.:f...‘;f“":. 1'. ':‘.1.;l:°.lr..°:;..: -0     
abnundetl in Palestine, and that the Wheat few “lid "'"° V°““d“ "H107-
Jows possessed great knawlgggg gf Another ration is: Five hundred
their culture and sem diem ln lugn vtwnds barley. 250 v°_"°d= "lg-*ii
esteem. The Egyptians grew 1-ogg; feed and 100 pounds oi meal. .til
on the bank of me Nile. and as early a third union ur Elsht hundred
ns the days of Homer the Greeks ll°\ll\<1S \>9~l`l€Y~ ‘U0 P01134! Wheat
had them in abundance. Th6Rom»\ns few- 75 U0""d*‘ "H "Wal *nd 50
delighted in the luxury of roses and l\0\ll\dB lHDk9~8¢-
n ti them in incredible quantit
Ngo spent $150,000 for a single rose } UUYSMHF I" S°““\ M"‘¢°-
houquel. Then the rose found its The sum of $16,000 was recently
way into Persia, where love and paid by Messrs. Vermack Brothers.
pmmr awaited lt. I of Capo Town. South Africa, for
--------~ , :topics Kgsllll M'|‘til't}l1\l1sB3rd. sl young
»hw.ooo,ouolu n.c.Camc. ; 0816 ll ll W v mon 1° pre-
  »~.»»  ;>;,,=,g ‘;:i;f°”u’:;"§s;.z’tia
9°' %°“‘~ If _:lf 23|" nhm “nah” among the leading prize-winners al
°,"“}" °;‘._ "h_“|‘ “em ’,__,__0w, my tm- Num Royal show held ln Juno
‘.““"" :(9 ' ‘|‘ " |::rfhe lnsfiwo ears last. and comprised one of thc offcr-
Ilm '“ "“b‘;“°°, _, me wn'_,_.| f; “_ ings in thc $500,000 pedigree stock
uf" """‘.| ,r ,PW 340 hon. 'M _,Mb sale held by Messrs. linda-rick & Fo.,
"'°""""'°5 " ’ " U ' Lid. f locmfontcl .
pared with \'.ls.7s2in1ols;and
lt" ' ° 1.- -__
B
valuation of present holdings ist Eu” Plmuzhmg In D”“__bk__
placed ul $20,000,000.
.,._.._._._.s_.__. Every acrc of_ land turns-tl before
the fall and winter rains will be
Huie' Your' t'o\\-te Tcstcd. _ _ I b'_ ng.
, .~ acre more for roduc ng tie lea
U -""" ”"` "" "'“" "° ‘est 7°" and nl'l>a`t suppl`ypncx`l",\'eat'. l~`cetl and
-.mn coin... .miter get il done for you (ood ue ln .rem dem‘nd_ De,” ‘nd
bl' ’0lll\\‘1| it l!0W_-léblllf \ll0_0\§u_Dl» 
if many hogs are to be s ughtslja
and handled wheat massacre.. :,,A
barrel is a. very convenient recept-
acle in which to.s¢\l,d_ho‘gs. The bor-
fsl .mould ss placed it an angle of
about 45 degrees at the'end of .I
table or platform of proper height.
The table and barrel should be sb-,
curely fastenodto prevent ucoidsllt
to the workmvfl dll” '-0 lllliblill- Q
block and tackle will reduce labdi'
All inc toms me ~ir»l-.trains :amid
he in readiness before beginning. ,
work of null mwnnou. "Q
The result- of <~~»-perstlve b
Association work aw- odcoura `
Of th¢;`17 d.a1\;|*llters“o§l:\;ll: in-
asootii ion, e ‘ e r
The 'vel-ago pfogztlen of the da. '
ters was 1.114" pounds more
than their dams, and 28.7 per oe
more buttcrht. _
Cfnhnonlosil-Amo* Oth- » _lf
'H10
` 1
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