FEBRUARY 2:. 1954 W whither Guest Thou! Continued from page I urces of available information, improved basic grafts. trt;f,::,d,,”,lf .i:..l..s, new marketing methods. availability of fer- :r0P '"dsub51,-med limestone SUDQIICII p:iCehlUDP0Tt:,bElliIli3I gtiliflr pro- lilizers, h 1.: be in 1 position 0 ave es a s e a pro- zctli” nagrimi-kgging processes on a level far advanced from that ltIC””l:'l1:nCenm,-y ago. If our production has not subsltantialiy in- if I , forced to the conclusion that our pro ucers in an -reasrd he 5” 1 cl behind their predecessors, and have not em- ai'cr-ajlln)”",::s.hi':1ival:i:i5;e the facilities and opportunities that have -. ce "9" nvmlflzllitical information herewith compiled from our most ac- The 519. the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, and the decennial NF!” 5.w')Cr,.'5'(-nied for the purpose of comparison and study. So also fmsusr ”i!servcd conditions obtained through close contact with con- "P meliiijhugil the years for almost a half century period. tililoni POPULATION ' loll last 93.728 98.429 ,,.,,, 55,475--a.v;'. 45.355-.cug FARM HOLDINGS 19ll 1951 14,113 10,137 Timi 101:3: pAI:,iaF,E?f,n,1! ' 1,397,760 acres l'i97,760 acres TO” U; ,,,,.,,,5 A 1,202,354 acres l,li95,.'i04 acres :::a”” UN pm. pm", 86 acres 108 acres .l il- CONDITION OF LAND 19ll 1951 VIN”, pmd acres 615,795 acres I,"'';”, ,.,.,,p; . , acres I2tS,'.Z10 acres I)"l(yc- llnprmcd Lilflfl acres . 449,509 acres Ivima. H”, at-res 346,191 acres (:,'M''', .,,,,,,,,..,,-(1 acres l01'.,fll8 acres l.lnd anti llulldilizs .- 337.153.1305 ilmir:l:v-nl- and lilacliiiler . M,,m,r;p per i'plIl'l'll .,..r,,.;o pPr Farm .,,, ...... it ... .. '1'ur 0 figures are significant in .:.lllt.-rl Llllll populntioll and the total nunlber lira Ill fnllns has also decreased, while the av ins still-hlntialiy increased. The change on tile nus uoliiii lllal farm, but the figures as presented, corrrli. i'll(icr the most l'Jil,Ii()0 acros less' improved land tiian in lime titwiti less acres untlcr crops. The figures pressixe advance in agriculture, but expected farm values of buildings. livestock, or been a is-rydg the. quality o in most, ilowever, in assessing ordinary far rrnu-mbt-r the tremendous difference in niark implemen that they indicate :4 16,261,195 4,720 1,604 23,048,000 drastically of occupied farms. The erage acreage per farm basis of taking the cen- te some difference ill the number of farms, and size of nevertheless, are comparatively item "Condition of Land" we note that there are al- l9il. and at the some do not indicate an im- rather the opposite. As would be- ts of machinery, and Sconsidcrabiy increased. There is no doubt that there has reat improvement, particularly in the last few years, in farm buildings, and in the holdings in farm machinery. in and livestock values at levels of 1951 when mnlp.ll'oli with those of forty or fifty years ago. FIELD CROPS The following table covers production of l'cwi1V ihn same period: 1950 ("W Y"? Ac". Ymd Ar” Ymd was almost considered a dis , grace for a farmer to have to buy extra grit" "” 4i'g;(2) :' feeds above that which he raised. The quantities indicated, too, are 03:.” 1910 184000 e2oo'ooo bus: 9s'ooo ac 34oo'ooo mg" by no mean: total supplies coming, into the Province. These are only m" V mm 15.000 59.m00 bus, 63,000 M 2.7061000 bus the supplies ondwhic: Freiriilit Alssistadncethis paid, and Iareflgiht Assiit- Buckwheat 1910 2438 43600 bus. 245 ac. 3325 bus. "ME 5 Mt 9” ”" ”"' ” "””' "" ” " 9'” em ”" '39 5””? mm, (min - 7695700 hm 5108' 825 bus merits. It may very well be assumed that these supplements would in- . , . . ,. , . . . p Hay lV7& 1910 215.000 256.000 tons 196.000 ac. 197,000 tons ""5: ”” "','f1h'”,"';)”3f bf; ”””',:f”m”"'y,h20 ””,; "."i' 1'. iii” is .m" Potatoes .- 1910 30,510 5,010,166 bus. fat”, it; 'h ,”5 ' ,3”; 25l;;1"0o0'""',l, ” ”,'h'fl:,”'tf ”" j':,”, R , 5113' "I :"s' Prince" Iildlnd perodiiction. 'Thvee ctystulnones-om: ygtirguio DEF M” ”"""'” lbw '8'000'o00 bus" ' ”' i - "5" Island producers in feeds and fertilizers would be well up to 5 mil- i ' ' ' "s' lions of dollars. These figures indicate the cha crops during the period under revi durtion of wheat has deteriorated, dance of revival in late years. There has also been a very considerable lowering in the prodtisctlcin uc t- has almost disappeared. It almost 8 million bushels of grain, compared with something over 6 million in tho1950 crop. In the intervening years production of grain crop: rose Above or fell below these indicated levels. For instance. W8 M5 8-'i ushels of oat! alone in 1914. In the the Province has been very favor- something over 6,600,000 bushels. In reduction of grains on an acrea e basis we cannot yields. This has of oats, and a corresponding increase in that what, which was once I substantial crop. is interesting to note that in 1910 we had a estimated production of 7.596.000 b past year oilr grain production in able. in 1952 our production was looking over the is say that there has been very much of a change remained fairly stationary. In comparing these figures we must again refer to our opening suggestions, that improved varieties and other lood husbandry influences should have created a substantial improve- ment in this respect. The figures do not indicate that this assumption is correct. at far as potatoes are concerned, this crop has been extremely variable in its productive capacity, but disregarding the past two very favorable production years improvement in yields per acre is scarcely discern lbie. Attention is drawn to our hay production which has gone down very materially below the level of earlier years. What is true of hay would also be true in relation to our grass lands pastures. To those of in uho hnie watched our records. there has been an obvoius deter- ioration in our clover production and in our g It should be pointed out in connection with our yield of field "OD: that in addition to the farm crops indicated there was in the i'l”"'l' lieriod a substantial production of field peas, field beans, rye, winter. and hay at-ed. Large quantities of vegetables, such as carrots, idhitaizci. and beefs, were also grown. and shipped by vessel out of ”" Prtmnvc. In addition gooseberries, currants, maple sugar, and even W"! tobacco was produced. field crops over prac- (1950 census) nge that has taken plice in grain ew. As is to be expected our pro- altllough there is some slight evi- of mixed grains. production of rass lands generally. LIVESTOCK iosi Ham a 19,000 Fall in 97,000 Shun 34.000 Swine , -12,000 PW" rv - 761,000 1,000,000 "i "1 213,000 lbs. 109,000 lbs Fur Farming-supplied a revenue of upward of 83,000,000 in some If HIP best years. Ti" Story in connz-ctlon"with our livestock ll 1" i" txlrertcd, horses have very greatly decreased in numbers. Iiliiic population, however, is below formt-r l 1”? lenrs it was larger than indicated at the " VIFW of the great recession in horses "We Dopulation should be nearer to 150.000 i 'i.””i0". Fox farming. which brought in a tremendous revenue at one ”'"f- H almost now a negligible factor. R”KardinR dairying. there is some "mnaiion in this respect. In the earlier years there 7'” quantity of milk going into home manufacture. With all the de- ”1”Pm"nt that has taken place in improvement of dairy herds the in- T852 in total milk production in the Province within recent years ""1 Impressive. As a matter of fact, the milk production in many eveis, and in so beginning of the period and sheep numbers, our up the dmflfhcy. Sheep numbers are actually less than one-third of earlier. "'”"'!- A! a matter of fact in 1881 the census estimate on sheep was 155.000. Swine is considerably above former levels, but the figures Pfucntcci nrc not the total yearly production, but rather the number iii farm! at the time the survey was made. Our poultry population Is "Her. and wool, as is to be expected. very much below earlier pro- n order to make difficulty in securing first hand was a tremend "a" "ii to the 1940': was considerably less than in 1910. in making the general survey. and comparing conditions, and in through emiums ”"W "V the tremendous amount of encourage "M ”'V'CEs. new and improved breeds and varieties, and pr figures would indicate that the H remodelling of our Wm Programs. An additional Incentive within recent years that must ht" ignored la the demands set up through world conditions and Ullporta that have been provided most farm products out 't-nuel of the country. an influence entirely absent in early I" llualif Mummy and grades. the preaenta a need for a very caref nation.” 5 ” ""9 rm mm W rt” have not accurate figures on the number of abandoned farms rlnrn Edward Island. but we do know that many forms have and a large percentage of others are only operated at "" "blndoned Darlial ,mc,mc'y- lidere little uh '1-'1' l;il W-Ville: an 3,, out the use of commercial fertilizers. ic fertilizer was utilized previous to ""5"? thought men t. rendered over-al ul Tdcre are one of two other factors. however, which must be con- in relation to our productive processes. In 1910 we knew rev: a . 1920, when modernistic 1 in Pol-Ila production took possession of our people. Illld it that the mtilenium in farm economics had As a, matter of disappointing. As is Our mo NIF- '1'!-IE GUARDIAN. CEIARLOTTETOWN arrived. Let us then study this for a while. Here are the figures of fertilizers imported in the Province: ' same or namazaaa .('tona) 193 1929 1930 1931. 1932 1963 H. M. , 27.071 18.929 22,!!!) 26.494 12.56 7.025 M 1934 1935 1936 1937 9,644 11.440 10.167 10.759 F. . 1.155 4.005 11.429 7.523 3.127 6.200 7842 5.301 7.759 11.292 Totals 28.226 22.934 33.634 36,317 15,993 13.225 17.486 16.741 17.926 22.651 I-f. M.-Home Mixed; 1'. M.-Factory Mixed. 1938 1939 1940 1941 1 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 . 12,925 12,725 10,415 11,934 6,690 11,534 11,351 8,035 6 942 6,510 . 8,692 8,124 13,358 11,011 15.866 27.358 31.889 40.019 49:78.3 45,280 21,615 20,349 23,773 22,975 22,556 39,392 43,240 48,054 56,725 51,790 fifty years ago. There is another important factor, however, that should have ma- terially added to the incidence of production. and that is our activi- ties in the import and export of feeds. In the earlier years there was a large export of grains from the Province of Prince Edward Island- too much possibly for the maintenance of fertility. At the same time large amounts of grains were consumed at home particularly in the horse and. hog feeding. In these days, fertilizing supplements by a population who were not afraid of work were also secured. Vast quan- titles of seaweed. kelp. marsh and swamp mud, and shell mud, out of rivers, were saved, and supplemented the usual manure resources. Cow yards wre very often filled three and four feet deep with these mater- ials which effectively saved the seepage, and which provided a labour task that would appal our present-day producers. These practises have generally been discontinued. Export of grains from the farms ilas practically ceased, and the tide has turned the other way, with huge quantities of imported feeds entering the Province of Prince Edward Island. The figures,in this connection since 19-it based on claims under the Freight Assistance Policy, provide interesting details, Up until October 31. 1553, Prince Edward Island imported 473,694 tons of feed on which Freight Asssitance amounted to 54.448.303.23 vvns paid. The following is the breakdown: Quantities of Animal Feeds Imported Since October 1341 to October I953 l'nder Frcgiht Assistance Policy TOTALS .- 2 ,2 . 5. E -,5 E .3 T 0 ., E g '5 if 5 .2 to .2 " r at E 3 .o 117,279 tons 79,904 132,023 149 6,036 138,303 473,694 3,909,300 bus 4,700,000 5,546,000 5,322 241,440 5,532,120 20,934,182 Plus 20 per cent extra for other feeds. 520,433, 25,121,018 This import averages over 2,000,000 bushels per year for the period under review. In some of these years the figures would reach over 2,300,000 bushels. This huge quantity of feeds is something that was not experienced at the beginning of the period under review. As a matter of fact, it I would like to stress this particular situation: That from 1900 to 1910 we exported quite large quantities of raw products from the Pro- vince, and, at the same time, .on the basis on which our agriculture was then conducted. we maintained a much heavier livestock pop- ulation with the use of little or no commercial fertilizer, or the im- portation of feeds. ' Conservation or Weston A great deal has been said about conservation of late years. It is a very respectful and dignified term, and our scientific and research men take a particular delight in tripping off the term very frequently in our discussions. Without entirely discarding the word "conserva- tion", I will nevertheless deal with the following items under the term "wastage", Not long ago a man looking ,at one of our rivers when the tide was out, queried: "Where does all this mud come from, anyway?" I waved my hand at the adjacent farms, and said: "Your fertility has contributed to that. The mud is due to faulty farm prac- tices. and has wasted into the rivers carrying with it your resources of barnyard manure and purchased fertilizers. These marshland areas build up in somewhat the same manner." Needless to say he looked at me with I searching glance of amazement. It is estimated that we have lost at least four to five inches of our top soil, and oilr prac- tices to hold fertility and hold our loll together have deteriorated rather than improved. We need not go into detail at this time in re- spect to this. We need only travel throughout the Province of Prince Edward Island and see what has taken place with production, our hillsides, our grass lands, hay and clover yields, feed supplies for our livestock, and to the numbers of livestock which farms are capable of maintaining, to convlca ourselves that our conditions can be improved. Where do some of these weaknesses occur? It is impossible to go into a detailed examination of tillage practises. They are too obvious to need much comment. We would refer this group to a very excellent treatise on these matters prepared by the Island Branch of the A.I.C. The story is accurately and graphically told. Let us move on. then, to a few other specific instances of wast- age. What about our manures? What is the estimated financial loss in manurea through careless handling? In the older countries, even on small farms, every barnyard has a cement cistern to preserve the liquids. and these are either sprayed directly on the crop, or interred beneath the soil surface to prevent evaporation. Every ounce in both the solid and liquid excrement il saved to the extent that it is hum- anly possible to do IO. Only a very small percentage of our farm people are doing a really top Job in the conservation of barnyard man- ure. As a matter of fact, manure is frequently left In an outside pile, and is not moved, maybe for two or three years. Frequently nianurc plies are taken to the field and dumped indiscriminately in raggy piles one hundred feet or more long. There is little attempt at con- servation. As a matter of information the following table on manure production in the Province of Prince Edward Island is herewith pre- seated: COMPOSITION VALUE OF MANUIIIE Yield on P. E. Island-Solid Ext-roment, Llqulda, and Bedding i I 1 3 E 3 3 5 3 33 E! :1: all SEE ass .2: Horse .-.. 13.2) 4.40 use 3.05 150,000 3 488.000 3?.”.'f." 33?? 3:? 3233 - 321'.” -. .333 13:3 2.133 iifd '1-ISE Tdtlatig) .. .. 15,767,(m 4,&3.KX) 12682.4(” 1,307,000 33,511,030 It is difficult to state how much manure is applied natilraliy in the land on pastures. Possibly not over 30 per cent is saved directly in this way, and even much of this is wasted in pasture corners or where cattle congregate at night. There is no doublt that tremendous quantities of manure are lost on roadways, in yards. fence corners, bush, and waste land. In many sections of the country young cattle and sheep are paatured during the whole summer on waste land which la never cultivated. We are assuming that at least 65 per cent of our manure is produced under atabllng conditions and in yards. roadways,-bush, fence corners, and waste lands. The figures dealing with the production of manure are conservative on the basis of ton- nage produced per animal. The money value of manure is based upon the valuation of commercial fertilizers in 1951. It is evident that there la a tremendous total valuation from a fertilizer liftndpoint in our manurn. Another valuation, however. that in not involved in the esti- mate. is included in the uemendoualy important physical factors of manure on the soil. in retentive characteristics in binding soils to- gether, and thin combatting the usual procenea of erosion, its in- fluence: on bacterial life, its po ealion of minor elements. and other factors. For the purpose of this -article. we estimate a loan of 60 per cent on our total manure valuation, which means that 9,460.31) pounds a substantial portion of this fertilizer in a wcii-balanced judicious farm of potash are wasted annually, with a monetary ion of at least 82.- 181000. And while this loss, a great percentage of which could be controlled, is suffered by our producers year after year, the slack is taken up by importation: of necessary fertilizers to supplant the wast- age. I submit, too, that there is a very definite wastage in our fer- tilizer applications. From our information in 1953 applications at least, 83 per cent of the imporatlon was potato fertilizer. and we can assume that the bulk of the tonnage was used for this purpose. As a matter of fact in some sections almost 100 per cent of the fertilizer went to potato crops, and in these same areas there is a tremendous deficiency in grass, pastures, hay. and grain Crops. In many sections the livestock population that has been under gradual contraction for years requires. in most years in mldwinter, the imporaiion of hay, sometimes costing between 530.00 and 540.00 per ton, to keep animals alive. The use of program, involving improvement in pasture, hay, and grain crops, would gradually build up, not noiy the fertility of the soils and the number of livestock of the communities involved, but also the eco- for the potatoes alone, and do not usually burned, or the condition in pressed, when the pialit food value or its effect as an absorbent under view of this value the nttraction of night sky of burning straw stacks fascinating attraction for malty of lake, in other words, the influence o materials to livestock which Tile wastage in the potato crop producers scramble to grade. handle, when compared with prices for gra animals. For instance, during the value of potatoes has been weight for the graded product. Cru tatoos for hog feed. The argument labor in handling potatoes for feed, and feed mills. Forty years ago at keted as a finished product. In the divert large quantities of potatoes in 1-log production as stated in the at one time was carried chiefly on control prices on feeds, and on the in the ration. and their liliiization, feed. Tile returns secured through on Oats No. of samples collected 97 No. graded No. 1 11 No. graded No. 2 . 12 No. graded No. 3 i5 No. graded Reject 551 Rejected for: Germination . . .. 1 Primary noxious weeds to Secondary noxious seeds 1 Excess other weed seeds 31 Cultivated crop seeds ............ -,g 9 The weeds foiind in the samples submitted ran the whole gamut. of weed production, and included primary noxious. secondary nox- foils, and many other weeds. In one-pound grain samples as llinllv as 2,240 weed seeds were found in the samples selected in l953, or a totnl of 228,480 weed seeds per acre, while in previous years the number would riln nlilch higher than this level. Olie can readily ililderstanri the seriousness of this ahortaiglltc-ti practise in clrrtailing production. The use of it little care in clean- ing wollld ilndolibtediy have creat- ed a great difference in grain yields in these cases. Not only is there a general disregard of weed control in it large percentage of cases, but then: is very little rc- gard for the wastage created by some of our more serious wood in- fcstntions such as wild radish. mustards, and sow thistle. Control measures. at least for the former. are now within reach of practically every farmer at a very low cost. Custom spraying has been initiat- ed, and should be encouraged to the fullest possible extent. .'l'hc following weeds are found to have been needed in our grain crops: Bladder Canlplon. Couch Grass. Ox-eye Daisy, Perennial Sow Thistle, Wild Mustard, Wild Rad- ish, Common Ragweed. Curlcd Dock. Purple Cocirlc. Wild Oats. August Flower, Barnyard Grass. False Wild Oats. Flcabane, Green Foxiali, Yellow Portaii, Homo Nettle. Knotwecd. Lady's Thumb, Immbta Quarters, Loosestrife, Pinn- tain, sorrel, Spurrev. Wild Buck- wheat, Wild Vetch. Canada Thistle, False Flax. Bamyard Gram, Ewe- ning Primrose. Forgot-me-not, Stitchwort, Tartlirian Buckwheat. Yarrow. With labour at to-day's hilzh level can we afford to employ seeds of this character and qual- ity? Low germination of seeds in- fested with weeds can not possibly bring desirable results. I am firm- ly convinced that with ii few extra acres of our farm lands iziven over to grain production, seeded with high qirality need. with appli- cations of commercial fertilisers. and the control of weeds. this Pro- vince can almost eliminate its feed grain lmportationa. SMALL SEEDS AND GRASS bushel crop of potatoes that the amounts removed and the value are tiaiiy very susceptible to leaching and surface loss. We regarding the economy of selling timothy hay or clover hay which can be purchased at the fallns at the present time at 312.00 per ton. cost of pressing ll at least 56.00 more. The value of oat straw is also fixed at 53.58 per ton on its fertilizing value, wt to count fibre value, crop of oats, and the straw on which it is grown, is the farm the value on the fertilizer basis is almost 515.00. It would in five tons of manure to replace the removal. The feeding of all these return. beef, from 6597; to 9570 of the fertilizing constituents in fccds, would seem to be a wise policy and program for our producers. ping point, at prices below the value of the tubers for feed purposes, it-ss than selling at 33.00 per hundrcdlleight, with other grains and meals at a higher level. This would leave potatoes for feed seventy-five cents per hundred weight, using the basis of four pounds of potatoes to one pound of meal, which is reasonable, for boiled-pm handling potatoes for feed is simply indefensible. is there any more is necessary in grading, sacking, and shipping them to roar immigrant in this country secured, during the past Spring, large quan- tities of potatoes, free, which he gladly took honleandfcd tohls hogs, while the former owner spent time and extra money in buying his hog feed from his dealer. Tiiousands and thousands of bushels of this fine material are often dumped into the woods: while producers of live- stock thrczilcn their own economic values in livestock feeding by buy- ing their requirements, sometimes at very boiler and a large part of our potato crop was fed to hogs and mar- n livestock feed are rated very highly, and boiled potatoes are fre. quently carried over for months to satisfy feed requirements. Some of the best farm business operators in and claim they secure results of a more remuncrative nature from po- tatoes in the ration than they can fronl grass or other forms of silage. easy and sure system of animal feeding, and the potato was thrown gut. 20mDcilllVE practices and marketing conditions at the ime emand a more searching investigation of the value of potatoes the table stock potato market prices sink below their value as a hog SEED GRAIN wastage of our efforts in grain production. Here it is: an obligation in this year of at lest 2 millions of dollars in 1arm machinery. These costs have im- posed a load in many cases entire- ly unjustified. There is no ques-l .li.0!1 that mechanical power is all necessity under modern conditlons,. but if mechanical power embar- rassea the financial position of the farmer there are other methods through which the same power may be secured at mucll less cost. The Scandinavian system of custom work, or-operative purchasing of machinery, presents a pattern that should be followed in this country. Certain it is that combines ,alld high powered tractors, and the paraphernalia of machinery that accompanies outlays of this kind, cannot be economically justi- fied by the average farmer. There is I. form of wastage in our mach- ine purcilases, alld conservation practices that is of tremenliousi importance in our economy. take into consideration the top: which thd potato land is left, us- wonder, too, removed per torr isi39.00. a'nd'-1-he hogs and iher livestock. Even in the hcautl'ul gilnts against the in the Autumn has gn extremely otirrproducers. if a fifty bushel removed from f the value of fertilizing materials after producing milk, pork, or is substantial. In many seasons and transport potatoes to a ship- in and meal for hogs and other present year the actual market sixty-five cents per hundred shed barley at the same time is valued at least at Market: All the economic problems of our farm people, however, cannot be solved through production or farm improvement. alone, Possibly the most important influence is that of markets. There is no incentive in producing unless there is a reasonably keen market for the that there is too much labor in since no grading is involved, than Hi? One or can control this to a very great extent by wise production methods. The recent hog production fiasco is an example. The potato situation is another. These have been de- liberate activities by producers themselves. Our methods of mar- keting eggs, turnips, and other products, are examples or a lack of foresight and efficiency. Aside from these altogether, however, the in- fluence of a constant. demand, and of quality at steadily maintained prices, has a tremendous impact upon not only the volume of pro- duction, but quality of production. What happenes on the world scene outside of Prince Edward Island has an important influence upon the whole agricultural structure. In looking over our marketing situation in this Province we have few activities as producers of which high cost, from dealers most every fnrmcr owned a feed Scandinavian countries potatoes as parts of the United States s a succulent feed for their cattle, Province of Prince Edward Island the potato crop. During the war, ultimate product, developed a very present particularly for tile culls, or when r st-ed grain survey tell I story of "P011 Gflln Berle! Wheat we can be distinctly proud. Twenty- )" 1 A five years ago we were better equip- 1: ' -- ped in our market processes than 3'5 ti 2 we are to-day. At. that time we 55 " had a Potato Growers' Association " which had the confidence of practi- g 1 caliy all our produceraswe had an 1 g V Egg and Poultry Association which .- g u was built on ii. solid basis, and 28 - 2 which was a pattern for all of - - 2 Canada. We had a Livestock Mar- keting Board that was doinll an excellent Job on the marketing of our livestock. These three pillar: in provincial marketing techniques had a favorable influence on our productive processes. The three weakened. or ultimately disappear- ed aa vital force: in our market- ing nyatem. If these organization: had been built up under the pro- tectlva principles of the present Co-operative Association Act they zrass? The standard mixture for almost a century in seeding out is Timoillit. Red Clover, and Alsike. I often wonder what. actual loss has been sustained by our farm. ers through small seed neglect. The vast majority, year lifter year, fail to secure a catch of clover. and so lose large amount... or m9n6.V- Why? Lack of lime in the 50”. D00? drainage, inefficient products. It is true that the farm-' i 1948 1949 1960 1951 1952 1953 nomic levels and insurance of protection for the people. H. M. .. 6,212 4,896 2,280 1.620 1,353 Perhaps it would be well to throw a little light in passing on the F. M. 55,357 46.536 44.999 33.637 41,514 amount. and value of fertilizing material removed from the soil by ' ttl.50,20l some crops, much of which is marketed or wasted. Here are a few: 01.569 51.4.32 47,219 35,251 42,867 50,201 . P206 K20 Vnluo With reference to those figures, it will be noted that there was a one . .,,-.--..-..-...-..s.-.- 34 lbs. 14 lbs. 10 lbs. 8 7.24 break in the use of fertilizer: in the 30!: due chiefly to distress con- (50 bus.) dittons and the fact that there was a decisive change in the quality of Timothy Hay ...................... -. 60. 40. 90 18.00 fertiiimn Low grade materials were eliminated, and highly concen- (2 ions) tech: mtorinll wcnrhaulilatituteg. This! fihrowsuout to aornle cxttent ac- Red Clover Hay 11.2 88 18.82 IAFHI P", . . I g "nun hr mm 'm. . we, N. -, eurlo eon inn... 0 utter ay mx urea compare wit early (2 tons) . ..., mm "1 g..'h" purchase: would be much miner in volume on - bulk man: 10911 con- rump: ......................... .. st. 30. us 17-21 f,,','f';::,;":,,',',',',','f;,:;”,,Zf';,f,”;,,,'”,,",f,L,.,,';,,. ,',,,, i.,.,... . ifntfrho figures ponlblliy dobnot iindicartto dcolrrect totnnagle errvtering the (15 tons) so H09 ui d .15. Mn " h den", ” ...."-p "nu". on M "mud Tffv M” " W" m”' 'V' "" ml” ' 3' ”” 9" "1 "' m"”"' P"”””" --------------------- -- 53- 77' ' g. .,.,l.-1..., pun pl. (in. than 34 Inch else) In blind hole. onchorg ere also may be export: from the total tonnage indicated It must be (3001 pointed out, however, that Prince Edward Island production has re- Oat Straw .......-.-....... 12.4 4.0 24.8 8.58 "'"""" ceived the impact of tremendous quantities of prepared plant foods tllemovcd from 1 acre) 4 Within TCCEM Yea?! Hill WC" EHNNIY I559!” in PF0dUCiHl 0111' CF09! It should be mentioned in connection with a flirt-e. hundred Edwm-d nlmd tn-me” "sumed dams . tumendmmy Vahnbla Jog in the marketing of our product As it is, with tile dcicioplllcnn kecncr competition ill (OfllpPtiE1'V'. channels we are losing a great deal deal of out lnfiuellcc, cielllllllri, and returns, for Prince Etlirrlrd Island products. The matter of eggs is the par. ample.. With about sixty-f-ve (65) different Grading Stations on Prince Edward Isitiiiti, iiiilil sixty- flve (65) or more gl'.IflCi'5 nnri opera- tors who do not see alike at all times, and sixty-five toil or more salesmen endeavouring to get. in on the market with a product that undoubtedly possesses variability in quality, can it be expected that we will extend or even nlrilntaln the demand for this protiuct? What is the situation with re- ference to the marketing of turnips? Simply this-that. aftcr the firs! carioad of turnips is delivered, lack of an orderly lnnrkctlltg plan tumbles prices to a less than live- stock feed value tilrougli the prac- tice of overloading the turnip mar- ket regard less of market strength or any consideration of supply and demand. Scrutlliize the loliowfnu prices on turnips from the 13- land and OI'li21l'iO sources: Dale Ontario P. I. I. Per. Bus. l'er. Bill. August 4th . - R00. i. August imh 'l5r: 754. l .. August 17th . 73c. 506. September lltli 50c 20-21 From this date up to lure pres- ent moment Island prices ll.lve nu mained steadily around lilo twenky cent level, while 0: 1:10". have been maintained at ll.lif.'-".VC to forty cents. In aridlilnll, Ontaaio prices do not illclurin grading costs which lift their lr:icl- about five rents higher. This ;..tuatio;1, involving a marketilll: iioakllesg and lack of intelligent control, is both wasteful alid dlsgraccflli, The marketing of olir potatoel has been so chaotic. and lacking in many, respects in bfixill r-tiopello tivn and controlled praeti-cs, mm further comment is neccsslllir. In the livestock ficlrl whole forni- erly there was at least sonic: con- trol in hog marketing, there i now definitely no coordination ll our activities. As I. matter of fire it it were not. for the efforts the Maritime Lives-tock Marketing Board our situation unuid lack I. great measure of its present. stabil- ity.We are actually taking: a. free ride in this respect on the bucks ofthcso organizations ill other provinces who are at least attempting in an: organized way to eficcl. construc- tive marketing. An influence of considerable im- portant ill markets is our form! and quality of pZlCk,lL1IllE, as well as the quality of lhe. matcrzrll with- in. Tiicre is still a coll-lderablo distance to go in this respect. We have observed the packaging of eggs which has left. much to be desired. We have also observed the same defects in fruits and cultivation. with small seeds buried deeper than the grain. and poor and unsuitable grass mixtures. A ih0T0iItlh investigation on new varieties and new graggeg, mm, of which are suitable to oilr con. ditions, is necessary. One of the most important dove. iftllmenfs of the past few years is that connected with grggg land farming. This field is one of trc. mendous economic importance. and demands a concentration of effort, and research. in all its phases. in order to promote general ggrl. cultural welfare. Grass land im- would still be in existence and Charlottetown . Summersldo provcments can revolutionize farm Oamry fertility and I ricultur l r cl - lion practises. 5;. haveaa Innotull-ii Fwmh RN" grass land country, mar the moist Cent?” Bedem” humidity of I seafaring gran, Farm ............... .. planning. which involves new grass vlctm-in ,,,,,,,,,, H mixture. animal roughages. pasture improvement. corn growing. silage production the, proper saving of Stanley Bridge Wheatley River hay and rye as a cover. roughage More", " ---------- " and cleaning crop. should all re- Kilmulr ........ .. ceive proper emphasis in a planned Murray River program. Brookfield - ”,,c,,.,,.,, Mount Stewart .....-.... There is another form of wast- age to which reference might be p g g 31.4 - This statement involves only the purchases made through this one Ari nnrl u.lc':: a loan pohcy. Wcl of nitrogen. 1,918.8) pounds of phosphoric acid, and 1.609.440 pound- What about our small seeds and can safely estiiilate that Prince FROM YOUR MASTER DEALERS - ..................................... .. IA. J. Rossiter Prince Edward bland Fur Pool Ltd- The correct very important. in st.-urlmiz Miw temperature at WV to TV edge of hmcr. or 100” at iiiier level. Let's Discuss Your Feed- ing Plan Willi Your ls- land's MASTER Man made. It is the wastage In farm M ' s machinery. For the past few years M pt M M M there has been rather a pathetic M "MMMM condition in farm machinery out- M "hick" lay, and on many farms on which a single team could easily take NI care of all cultivating necessities M aagznocgo 5. weekly, tractors of various sizes and costs have been purchased. Here in a M I in" ” statement from the Farm and M ",f:.",, Home Improvement Act for 1952: M non uvl neat III IIIIIII Outlay for P. I. I. M """”'t'"' Tractors . . 8'f02,0l5.00. Trucks . m4.2la.oo. M n a New Homes, 372,451.00. Repairs. etc. m .-'""""" 30 G , . 0 A57 f-EiDERf wu t Kn? RE&:;& gw 16) Continucd- nil”... .. . i If. B. Willis Inc. Arthur A. (lanipbell Dunk River Dairying 00. L. I). McLeod 6; Sons L. D. McLeod & Sou Reid's Feed Service Preston Rackham . Dlngwcll & Rossltcr. , ..... .. Mcfiowaifs Ltd: . I). M. McKinnoll ..... .. Criiwy.-z Bros. Clark's Food Service TIP I0. 27 temp:-rntllro is keep tho at l-ilmvllc turmoil- Rmllllnr At the staff 3t3'g3z3,3z3,z IVAN KERRY Dial 5455 rim st. Ch'towit 5-3;.