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W Teachers. Paventst Pupils;
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Contributors are asked to have
their articles at this ofhce early each
week, as only a short emergency
item can be handled as late al one
9, m. Wednesday. All received after
gust hour cannot appear until the
tollowilll ‘V983-
_..._..._...,._._.__.
Farmers and .others interested are
invited to contribute to The Farm.
The Dairy, The Turf. and Good
Rogan Departments of The Guardian
,|m9;- by question, correspondence or
otherwise. Answers will be given by
experts-to all questions of general
interest and space will be given to
my article that will in any way help
to advance Prince Edward island in
greets. ’
. - _ 5*
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ins nous  
CAN YOUR HEN8 FOR WINTER
USE.
tExpei'iineiitf-il Farms Note.)
"Canned chicken" may he made at
homo in your own kltclicii out. of
the old hens that ought to be killed
anywily
'l`he method oi’ operation for what
is known us “Straight Pack" by the
trade is very simple and is given in
detail as follows by Dr. Robt. .Barn-
es. Cliir.-l' of the Meat and ('anncd
Foods Division Health oi Animals
Branch. Department of Agriculture.
Ottawa. V
t‘lcan and cut. up the chicken.
Soil out the fleshy portions. such
as tho logs, thighs and breast.
iircak off the protruding portions
of the bones in each piece.
Pack these fleshy t portions in u
gem jar or other container. as close-
l_\~ as possible.
Add salt and pepper. tAhout a
teitepooiitiil of salt and teaspoon-
ful of pepper.)
l~`iIl to within 31 inch of overflow-
ing with the liquid that comes from
thc balance of the chicken, process
for preparing which is given below.
Place in boiler or other vessel
containing warm water and gradual-
ly bring to a boil.
l"or pint jars boil 25.; hours.
For quart jars boil 3% hours.
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FOR THE BALANCE OF THE CHIC
KEN.
Plate in kettle and lioll_till the
meat will strip free from boncs. '
Strip off all ment and pack in jar.
lloiir thereon the balance of thc
liquid in the kettle that has not lioeii
used in the first jar. If thcrc is not |
enough liuuld to till the second jar. g
add wutcr. Place in boiler as above. ,
and boil us follows.
lfor pint jars 1% hours.
l"or uiiurts 2'.; hours.
If ilcr~‘i|'ctl. thu wholo of tho chick- t
en inuy be prepared the same as the
last purt.
ln all cases take curo not to ex-
Dilsc tho gem Jurs to it sudden
ers :irc air-tight. 0
. . l
. previous handling us a colt the hors: i
u
ing his muster's guidance when ii
the face oi' imaginary danger.
niastci' is rough und excitable. tht
liorse oftcn becomes vicious aiu
the future f'amily liorsc. especially i‘
thc coll is of ti sensitive disposition.
when around the colt. one shook’
Pllvllilc ol' temperature. a
Also. after tho Jars' have cooled off, n
exuiniuc tho tops to soo that the cov- H
fowls. with a fair proportion of chick
ens, the bones of the latter giving a
lll`l\lBl‘ Jelly and lessening the dang
er of a soupy or slush product Af
y .
lla Drecuution against this condition
Where the pack ls straight fowl. gel
atine may be, and often is used. '
So much l1'as been said and written
“Mui the proper methods or stew
ing. bleeding and plucking poultry
for market that it is useless to ge
over them again. One can` only em
'phastzs the necessity of exaetness lp
Carrying out the accepted principles
ln connection with` these points
Whlfll “le .lust as applicable to poul
fly 10 be canned as they are to those
intended for the ms|~ket_
There is another point \vhlcli it
important. although possibly its
CRl`l'.Yllll§ out may detractfroni the ai'
Df>Hl'H'|ice and affect the sale. to ar
inexperienced buyer, namely, that
all poultry intended for food. canned
0|' otherwise. after’ being properly
starved, bled and plucked, should hc
left undrawu and kept ln a suitablt
temperature t`or u clay or two in or
der that the chemical changes wlilcl
follow the killing of the bird inn;
have an opportunity to take place.
T;
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3-0--i--0--I--|--H»-o~-I--1--I--I--i»-0--H--|--i
Eouc/\1'iNe 'ri-is coi.T As FAM'
ILY'S FUTURE DRIVER.
After securing nn ani-mal witi'
good ancestry, cai'et'ul training is o
horse. Without this. even the mos
uniiable beast may become a nut
sauce; bitt with ii, he is of inestini
able value to any household. He wil
not. only be the idol of the most iuut
urcd ineiuliers of the faimily, but wil
lie a reliable l’riend to the yoiingstori
not _vet in their teens. who are no
equal to a serious contest ol’ tuggln_i_
und sawing on the bit. -
ln order to bring the horse to thi:
stage of serviceahlencss. hc inns'
from the very beginning of hir
course be taught tho folly ot' lea
when under his imastcr‘s hand. 'l‘lii:
i-eqiiires u great deal of tact. for lil
liiniself, and until this is accomplish
cd he cannot be trusted.
Au iindertukiug of this kind is no*
u iight one. since the trainer hiuisci"
is an important factor. llc must bc i-
trne friend to the young horse ir
order to 'gain his absolute confidence
which is vitally iinportanl. lf ii,
las not been toolei. oi needlessly uh
sell. this fricudslilp will be rcailil_\
woii. at loast to the extent oi' follow
'l`o .=u_v that a horse becoines tiki.
iis niuslcix may not be n very clc
nut stnteiuent; btit it ncvcrtliclcs=
.'oi|vc_vs a nieasurc of truth. ll` lit
bswlty. A man with n bawky disposi
ion should not be allowed to liaudlt
ln casc one hus u spurt of tcmpci
pologize ut the carucst possible inc
icnt. Throw the arms around the
cck. stroke the vclvcty nose; and il
ue fccls like shedding tears. ull ilu
Primary importance in it famil}|
Iill lllf: llefll lllily fltit be thriving and
must literally be taught to depend oi I
Dllfiili-2 the cooking of the product.
Dlllcc tho glass tops on the sealers
but do not fasten them. Any steam
or aus which may be generated will
ssc-ipc. As soon; however. as i.h0
Droccss is finished, fasten the tolls
sscurt\l_\'.
whutt tiamihiilp the method of
Palllllllg. soinethtng should be said
Bl|U_ut the poultry to be canned.
What is preferred are good. Dllllllh
ET/“éi`y"“`"lli6iii§i`ii“‘§"il`i”{;'l\"t  
To every woman belongs the right
i0 f‘lllDy a heulthy. active. happy life.
l'Ft nine out, of every ten suffers years
of agony. usually from some form of
lilootllcssiiess. That is why one sees
"ll °‘\'cr_v side pale thin cheeks. dull
*".\'f‘S and drooping ilgtii‘es-~-sure slilllfl
ft! l1c:tt|uclioa_ weak hacks, aching
l‘l"l\= uiui uncertain health. All wcak.
»“lll`f“i'iiii: women should win the rlillll
to ho well by rofreshliig their weary
liodlr-it with the new, rich. red blood
'hil' Iiroinptlv transforms them IMO
il'-"”l'l\.\' aiiiuctive women. This now.
rich. rf-il blopd is supplied in abund-
‘"“"’ |l.V Dr. Williams' l’lnk l’lllH
which reaches every organ and every
nerve lu the body.
Tllllluilh the use of these pills thou-
lands of women have found a prompt
"ill" when suffering from anaemia.
llldlzesttoii. heart palplttttlon. rllelllll'
“"“"\- general weakness. and those
Nllnionts from which women alone
“ffl”-r. There is no part. of this broad
Dominion in which von will not limi
'lime former sufferer who has rekhllr
ed iwalth and strength through the
"F0 of llr. Williams' Pink Pills, and
:ills la the reason why these Dlllh
iuv~i been a favorite household re-
"l0<l.v for more than a generation. if
-"fill -'ire ailing and will give the pills
;’_ fllll' trtul you will find renewed
°;‘_"ll “hd happiness in their use.
muon can get Dr. Williams' Pink-
” 'hl‘°\I8h any medicine dealer.
‘"` -ll! mall at 50' eehtea box or six
joining the army und veutilutlng lili-
bctter--- the hand will have more oi
tho synipuilietic touch so cliaructeris
llc of trite i`riciidsliip. I~`lvo inluulci-
of this kind oi' vindication will touch
the colt more than severul_liours of
whipping 0i‘ driving. Anyone who it-
nillicted with i`requclit,' explosions ol
his .uilinul nature will render u more
valuable service to his country ll.V
passions lu ilie \vur zone. limit pos
lug as im expert liorscinaii.
A truincr‘s attitude toward a colt
should in many respects he like that
should never punish when unKl'.V. i0
appease his wrath. 'I‘he same rule
holds truc with u trainer. Remember.
you are instructing, teaching. noi
driving. One may drive. at. tlirutls- I1
i'athei° or u friend must inflict Daili-
but he must do it tuctfully ami advic-
e,||_\._ 'rim colt may not be as mullsh
as the inexperienced driver tlllllklh
He may not know; he must be taught.
There must be an undoiuilalllllllk _“ll
to what is expected: and if true fri-
endship exists this will be done, with
gratifying results to both concerned.
in case of danger or i-maslllllll' D01”
||g |t_muy be necessary to take a step
furtlinr than tho coli. instead of
jm.k|ng or whipping, go to ills head
and lead him. Show him by example
that there is no need of rear. ost cn-
the side nearest to the object, and ln,
all probability the colt will brave the
danger with you. At any rate. by
getting on the opposite side from
which the colt` is crowding, one will
have control of him a nd there will he
of a futher to his child. The father »
9 |.“ " '* ‘
him 'time to become handy and useful.
Top many trainers expect more rapid
progress in a dumb brute than in a
human being, Do not neglect his edu-
cation until he has reached maturity.
Handle him evey day with a view of
‘teaching -him something. _ ' By all
means. avoid the short' course, for it
.ls the fatal course for the family
horse. '
The next important factor in`tbe
education of 'the family horse is to
teach him to drive with a slack line.
By no 'other means will a horse galni
sell-confidence more rapidly than byl
this method. when it iittia irighteii-
ed. he will not expect a tight rein; he
has learned to keep the road without
perpetual manipulation; and when -he
suddenly discovers an object that
causes him to shy, he will luke a few
steps to the side and in almost the
same breatli bo back in t he road. ln
some instances he will stop as though
for a second thought. and before the
occupants will have gained it comfort.-
;\ble» poise he will have forgotten his
spurt of fright. _
in tralnlhg the colt tlils nrt. he
must never be punished. When ap-
pearing ii little frlghtl
aned, introduce him to the
Jblevll ict him get acquainted.
l)on't -hurry or get cxclted. Pauscs
hero are eloquent. and the colt will
.'enieu:hcr to follow his iuaster’s
ilcnicntary examples by not drawing
conclusions before having sufficiently
iircstigated the fancied .nr possibly
real danger. _
_-li
CALF NOT THRIVING.
Not. iiifreriucntly one of the calves
toes not sccm to chew its gud.
No animal can have a "cud" unless
‘here is course food lil the rtliuen to
he re niasticatii. Tile word "cud" is zi`
uilslcuillng term uii_~.-s\n_\'. as proper-i
'y speaking there is no such a thing.
Phe process oi’ digestion oi' food ini
thc bovine. in ti word is sonlcwhut als'
follows:
PR EVENT WOOD DECAY.
Especially/ lll U16 Hlolle fruits. wood
decay causes great loss. A decayed
tree may grow- and bear fruit, 'but it
soon shatters' in a severe storm. or
breaks under its load. Then there is
the expense of planting another tree
and waiting for it to come into bear-
ing. ' V
We recently? read an account of
fifty-year old peach trees still vigor-
ous and bearing fruit. The claim was
made that this was because the tree
had been protected from wood decay.
If we could gather crops for fifty
years from the same peach trees it
would seem worth while to keep them
in good condition. .
The decay is caused by fungi that
enter some wound or unprotected spot
.-such as a portion over which the
bark .is dead _and affords no shield
from the fungi. Infection takes .place
only from spores that fall on dead
bark or into the cracks of wounds.
The resulting fungi grow in the wood.
and, by u process of digestion, use it
up mid leave only ash.
The prevention consists of disin-
fecting any wound with a gerniicide.
and. as soon as that is dry, painting
over with some sealing paint. This
should be done immediately, so that
no cracks may form nor spores enter.
No scaling pitint can be counted on
to last more than a year, and. there
fore. the place should be repainted
every season until the wound has
completely healed ovei'.
REMEDIES FOR CURRANT AND
_ STRAWBERRY WORMS.
The im-ported currant and gooseber-
ry worm. or “saw-fly,” has been in
troduced in several localities in (Solo
ratio and is very fies'truct.ive to the
loaves of these bushes. There are
two broods a year .the first appearing
quite carly in the summer. -if there is
no fruit on the bushes, they may be
==pi'ayo<i with arsenate of lead. i
pound ot' the powdered form. or 2
pounds ol' the paste l'oriu to each 50
galloiri of water. When fruit is on
the bushes use white ltcllebore,whlch
will kill thc worms but will not harm
When coarse food is taken into the
ztomacli it is partially, chewed audi
‘hen passed through thc gullct intel
he first stoinuch or rumen. where'
he food is softened b_v being rolled
tbout and mixed \vitli the juices sec-i
cetcd ill the paucli. 'I`|ie walls ol' thc’
‘limcn then contract and force thei
food back again liito the lower p.irt|
if the gullet, which then takes on a
reverse action and forces the t'ood
ip into the mouth. wherc it is chew-
ed ovcr again. in swallowing the sec
md time wlicn tlnc. tim cud of the gui
t is closed and the food forccd into
he set-oiid stomacli. it is here again
mixed with other juices and passer!
on to the third stoinaclr thence to the
fourth and finally into the small bow-I
fl wlicre it is ut-tcd upon by the bile'
front the liver and pancreatic jiiit-csxi
where the nourisliiiiciit is taken outl
ind the refuse passed oil' afid out of
the li/uly through thc large intestliit-.i
-ln r.~rdcr to diagnose a case. ouci
must know niorc than tire simple i`act.i
thot. un uiiiiual is not well or that lt'
'loss no chew its cud, :iltliough the'
latter is indicative ot' stomach disord-'
er, if the .calf his been feeding ou'
course tood. but may also be the re-I
suit of other causes. _
in r-uses oi' this kind it is probable
llut the calf's diet has not been fav-i
orttblc for good _thrifty devclopiuentl
and you will have to begin over again
and correct this as fur ns possiblc.
The following treatment is suggest-
ed: t'fi\e two or three ounces of cus-
tor oil and a.fter this has worked off
get one-half pound each of hyposul-
pliii-.1 oi' soda and gentiun, iulx well
together mid give one-half teaspoon-
ful twice u day in-two quarts of
fresh ivurni sweet milk. Keep 'ip this
ti~eatm'~".t izutll thc cali' begins io'
goin nlcc`y and then increase the'
feed and gradually change to skimi
milk and give tcudcr grass, clover or'
alfalfli null equal parts ofloli meal.
bran. corn meal and ground oats iuix-
ed and fed dry. Give only u small a-
mount at first und increase as the calf
iinpioves in condition and growth.
Give nil tlic fresh clean water the
_calf_ will dr_iu_k and keep all. patio
from wvliicliu' it is fed scrupulously
cleanf
t
l
i
I.
' - 
Save The Children
Mothers who keep.Va l1ox_of,`l3aby's
reasonably safe during tha hot. weath-
er. Stonmuh troubles. oholerl tn-
fant.um and diarrhoea carry off thou-
sands of little ones _every summer. in
most cases because the .mother does
not 'have it sale- medicine at hand to
givo promptly. Babyui Own Tablets
euro these troubles. or if iven
l - 8, oc-
,casiuually to the well child will pre-
vent thi-.lr coming on. The Tablets
_arc fwrruiiinad by.a government an-
less likelihood ofa serious accident.
Most horses have sound sense and ll
remarkable capacity for education if
subjected to u tliorouilh course of
Be patient. kind and generous. Put
}“'*°- f°r $2.50 from 'rits or. win-
“ml Medicine Co., Brockville, Ont.
friendly treatment. l
nlyst to be absolutely harmless even
to the neu-born babe. They are es-
pecially noon in summer because they
regulate the bowels and keep the
.~itoinach sweet and-.-pure. They ere
sold by medicine dealers or by mail
at 25 cents a box from The Dr. Wil-l'
the wit tiiwuzn the grades. Give items' myaicihe co., Brockville, ont.B\\°kWl1°°t °°f°°“l“K°» *Z5-0° P" ‘°“ twill- .
.moist mush and less grain is usually
peoplc who cat the fruit. Apply thc
liellebore either by dusting lightly
lllrougli ;\ cheesecloth sack. or by
putting l ounce in each il gallons of
\\':itcr intl applying by means of a
spraff pump or u whisk hrooni. Apply
promptly when the injuries are first
noticed. Do not allow the worms tc
tiefoliatc the bushes and rulii the
|t`ruit and perhaps kill the bushes at
wull.- t`. P. Glllele.
POULTRY FEED.
(Experimental rarms Note.)
The question of iced for poultry is
but-oliiiiig serious. i'orn is pi'ac`tical-|
l_\' oft' the inarkct. outs l\ig‘h in price.
barlc_v and biickwlicut very scarce as
well na high. Wllieut. the most popu-
lar poultry feed in Canada at any
price. should not. under present con-
ditions. be used for potiltry if it is fit
for milling purposes. t`or the pros-
pects are that this ycar‘s crop will
leave tliu \voriti‘s supply ol' wheat
still short and it will be necessary to
save al suitable wheat for human
coiisiiniption. Poultrymen will there-
feeds. it might, be ndvlsuble to sug-
ore have to look for at substitute.
Before looking i'or other grain
gest that more mash feeds be used in
the ration. During the summer both
the chicks and the layers could be
fed 3 larger proportion of dry or
advised. Mill feeds such as shorts
and bran arc easier to get and cheap-
e rlhuu the grain feeds. and when the
birds are on range could be eaten in
larger proportions.
l"oi- the grain part of the ration it
niiglir be necessary to use oats, bar-
le-.', imckwlmrit etc.. when these are
pi-oi-urublo ut reasonable prices. in
niuny placsc these cannot be obtain-
ed; here the ucrccuiiigs from flour
mills and elevators sho'uld be used.
'l`l:ei'c are considerable buckwheat
screenings procuruble at-a reasonable
price ut the prairie and Port Arthur
elevators. which make good feed. At
the mlddleleasteru flour mills there
are quantities of screenings taken ,
front 'milling flour that wo"ul`tt. form
almost an ideal grain mixture and
could be purchased at about the price
of shorts. in fact, lrnost of this class
of feed`is ground and mixed with the
mill feeds and as a consequence is lost
as a grain feed for poultry. '
for the summer .feeding of"la'ying
stock and they are much more scono
mlcal than wheat. ~In an"experimefit
conduccd at the t‘ap Rouge Experi-
mental Station screenings' at two-
thlrds the cost of good wheat ' pro-
duced eggs at less cost than did the
wheat. Home of this feed may be fed
whole and some ground for a mash.
Samples of feeds and -prices in car
lots have tbeen submitted which, even
with a reasonable commission could
he reiatleri at a comparatively low
price. Some of these samples are -
at Saskatoon. this is a cracked feed
_D6 p. c., wild buckwheat and crack
wheat, 4 p. c., weed seeds of variou
kinds. it is a good rearing feed an
may be fed whole or ground. Anothe
sample. was quoted at $1.90 per cwt
. . . , Q
wheat with a few oats and a trace 0
the prices quoted show that compared
with wheat they are cheaper. 'i`liey
could bp used as whole grain as a
mash feed. in some of them weed
seeds will be found, and care .must he
taken to feed so these will not spread
Local noni- mins in ontario and Cine-
bec suiimitted all the samples but the
feed of this nature could be secured
at any mill making flour. and lf poul-
lrymcu would ask for it. more of it
‘would'be available.
time Provinces. the buckwheat screen
For British Columbia and the Muri-
ings at-em the best available and a lit.
tie co-operation might be the -means
of securing this feed in car lots.
Poultry that has been eating good
wheat and corn may not at first, take
to the screenings but with a little time
ami patience they will cal it readily.
A car load of it was received at the
Flxperlmental l<‘arm. Ottawa. at a
cost of $35.00 a ton. it has proven
very satisfactory for growing chicks
and foi‘ summer feeding of hens. it
may not be ideal for litter feeding li\
the winter but for fattening and niash‘
ed feeds is most satisfactory. '
HOW NAVEL ILL AFFECT8
YOUNG FOALS.
Tiicre is considerable morialit_v ai
along foals due to naval ill or joint
disease. i‘robahly the principal roa-
son is that cold siorniy weather has
been sopersistent that more than
the usual proportion of foals has
been born in filthy nox-stalls. Usual-
ly inairv of the late spring foals arc
horn in grass pnddocks or out in
still larger and cleaner pastures. Re-
cords ot' naval ill cases prove con~
clusivcly that foals born in loca-
tions coiilaiil'inat‘ed by ‘manure arc
partitiiilarly subject to the disease.
When foals horn in pasture contract
the disease it is cominonly i'ound
that the spot where it was dropped
wus nel-ii' the watering trough or feed
bunk or some such- ' location where
stock was accusmo-med to congregate.
Several kinds of filth germs have
been identified with thc disease, 'and
that is one reason for the various
dil't`erciices in syniptoms. Another
reason is that germs scent sometimes
to cuter tlic veins. soinetiincs the ar
teries. and again the bladder. Tetan-
us gcrins are present in some cases.
and the foals die of lockjaw synip-
toms.
'l`l\c bcst sat`eguard is through
cleaning and disinfection of the box
stall lu which the mare is to he put
as time of foaling approaches. if
should be kept clean so long as niuro
and foal inhabits it. Bactcriological
preparations. sometimes called scr-
ums. are useful. especially if adniinis
tered as u preventive instead of as a
cure.. So-me breeders and veterinar-
ians inuke 3 practice of giving a dose
oi' buci.erln ut. birth und uuother a
bout a week later. whether syniptlins
appear or not. Some begin ut thc
marc and give' 2 or fi doses within u
mouth preceding.. foaling tliue. Of
course .the fresrly severed naval
cord should be dlsinfeoted, und tlnc
ture ot' iodine or other reasonably
strong germiclde is stiitulile for this.
Such disinfection should be repeated
daily until the cord dries.
RINGING A BULL
When a liull is night months to n
1,-'ear old hs should have a ring of 11,9
to 2 inches in diameter put in his
note. This ring will be satlsfuc'tory
iutll he is two years or older. when
lt, should be repluceu` hy a ring thier-
»..-~~~-»~»--,\-~
. ll*W9fkS!..llY;'l._.
-§;r»ii:¢llaw ta thats?-` i"*'i»m,'
- ~ .-meer' we at reform  +-
l 7 ‘ aut_wlU\9llif.eelo¢f  l'
‘  *FN ,..-._ ,x§w\f  _
».» .-1
uoodnews spreads-rap,i_d _v and illite-
gists _hereare kept hung dispensing,
freezone. the other. dlsi:0vary_.01i it Gill
clnnatl man. which ls said to loosen
' S :l r i k '_ it ble ii-
'll\Zl1 tlglilbllltlswhdir tiilllleillolillela Tillie ftigilecli iioiliil elspllaiiislllyltloll tlftirvlilz ghicks for wmv. com- 5°---it lm? fmt wi-lh me-aims"
.
era - » _ _ . if-_ ~
Ask.at. any pharmacy for sq ter-
ounce of lreenone. .whicl-\. Wl mol!-
very little., but is said to he sufficient
to rid enola feet of every hard or soft.
corn or callue. _ _ _ _ _ _
'Youapply 1u_st"u _retval-'ops' on the'
tender. achtng.corn.and instantly the
`sareneVss.is relieved. and soon the corn
ls- so shriveled that it uns out with
out pain. it is a sticky substance
_whlcli dries when applied and never
tnilames or even irritates the adjoin-
ing tissue.
This discovery will prevent thou-
sands of deaths ahnuallyfrdm-locltill
from the suicidal habit ‘nf euttln
f o b Toronto' a sample of sm ii
twult opc-ration, but .tha animal shoul
wild buckwheat, price $2.00 per cwt.;i "
two samples somewhat better at
$2.10. a good sample of burnt wheat
at S2.&il.and a- better sample at_$2.il0.
- These are all satisfactory feeds and
wild buckwheat screenings. No doutbt,
and infection heretofore resultinir
lv
_‘inches in diameter. Copper or ca
_tis worn out.
I The riinfiingdor a bull is not a diiil
be securely tied. A bull punch .told b
dealers in such supplies may he use
for making the opening. and 'the rin
slipped in as the punch ic- withdrawn
Tho insertion of the ring by using
cannula and trocar is equally sa
tfactory. The trocar is forced throug
the cartilage division between th
nostrils and withdrawn, leaving th
cannula in the opening. One end o
the opened ring is then passe
,through the opening as tho cannula
~smootl_\ ut the joint. ln some cases
shaip knife or u 43-calibre wad cutie
(used for refilling cartridges may be
`used. but the other instruments are
preferable a-nd witli make a better
job. in using the wad cutter the hole
is made by placing a block of wood
on one side ot’ the cart.i'lage to be cut
and the cutter on the other side is
struck with a hammer.
The bnll's head should be well sec
ured before performing this operat-
ion. He should not he handled by the
ring until the nose is entirely healed
up and is no longer sore.
CALF REARiNG PRECEPTS
l. Feed regularly. .
2. Feed at proper temperature.
(100 degrees i~`.t
il. Feed individually.
4. Do not overfeed.
5. Make all chnges gradually.
6. (live access to fresh water and
salt.. . _ -
7. Keep all utensils clean.
8. ' Provide clean pens with plcn
ty of light and sunshine.
9 Provide plenty of bedding.
HAVE YOU A LADDER? ~ _
Have you a good ladder on the
farm or have you a cumbersome.
short. heavy ladder made of 2x4 with
pieces of board nailed uci'oss, some
of the pieces loose‘Vat one end. and
some good entirely ‘I
A good ladder is a tlne investment
for every good farm. and extension
ladders such as painters use can be
purchased nowadays for about $3. de-
pending upon the length. They ure*
strong and well mafia and will reach
thc `top`of any stack a farmer can
build .or the highest ol' any building
on his farni.
Suppose the home should catch fire
on the root".’ Fire inspectors say that
many of the fires in thc cotintry start
from sparks on t-he roof. flow Woulll
you gain across to the roof? Have
your ladder long enough ami light
enough to handle easily and quickly.
it-l--t-l»4»~|» -P+ §~l»+-l»-I'-I-+4-'|»+
.iz if
is POULTRY :'
i'1"|'§§1"|"l'+§ 'l"l' 'l'*l*+#'I°§‘l'
POULTRY BREEDERS, ATTENTION
_-\t the present time when growing
chicks are attaining an age of from
one month to ten weeks, a disease
(known as (ioccldiosis) affecting the
liver and' liowois. is causing consider-
able losses. This disorder, according
to Dr. Wlckware of the Experimental
Farm. is quite prevalent throughout
Canada and is probably responsible
for many deaths at present attributed
to White diarrhoea. The disease is
caused by a small egg-shaped germ
which inhabits the first portion and
blind pouches of the bowels. it pro-
duces inflammation of the bowels and
liver. the blind pouches showing the
marked alteration. The chanS9B
up with a. reddish granular looking-
moss of soft consistency to hard cores
composed of lining cells. blood. filo
The liver may show changes varyigny
froui a fairly normal appearance lil
large areas of p yellow color. \vlllr‘l1
when cut into show a cheese-like
T _ .. 7- A_.¢~_ .,, A.
n- wash solution meds by adding two'
ed non metal are most generally use `
s_ for rings, but either show wear i
d time and care should be exercised t
r insert u new ring before the old on
ii and one-half pounds of stony lirneto
n a_pa_ll_ai water, to whlclrll also add-
e~ merclnl disinfectant. This ll1ould"he'_
applied full strength wlths.. llllrtf
c- pump, brush or oid'_ broom, _tolli ppftl
tl of the quarters. bropder hpusei; etc.
y,The feeding troughs should be,_clean-
d'sed daily by scalding with boiuiigfwi-
gi, ter and special care takeufto prevent
. the chicks from go_ttin_g__thelr f‘e'et'
a either in the feeding utensils ordrink.
llll7”lng fountains as the disease is trans-
hy mitted from bird to bird in this way._
e The floor of the brooder houses should
e` be covered with s _c0i\ting_com|ps,ed
f of nine parts of sand and one part pf
d_ air-staked' lime, and._if the dropplnis
lS‘ are not removed daily.. they should pt
twlthdrawn. After closing. the ring
Ishould be filed and sandpapercd
least' be mixed with a. fair amount of
‘air-staked time to insure proper dis-
ll' faction., if the runa_ are not large, it
V. is also advisable to-cover them with
I a thin coating of the above mentioned
_limo and either spade or plough them
_up. The chicks should be kept away
_from all adult fowls and csrcasss of
.dead_ birds immediately burned. _es
_ burying only serves to keep the infes-
tlon going from year to year. '
|WEED OUT OLD HENB AND
l MARKET THEM
Just after the broiler season is over
when spring chickens are scarce and
the fall run of poultry has not get he-
gun. is s good time toweed out all
the hens you will not want to breed
from another season and put them on
the market. They will bring very Pair
prices- at this time, if marketed in
first-class condition: _ _
They should be penned in e, com-
paiativuly small enclousure and fed
all they will eat for about two `week|.
This fattens thme rapidly unless they
i
i
[are over large to start with. and
makes feeding profitable even at pre-
acnt high prices of grains. '
The pen should be so arranged that
the hens will have shelter from the
sun during the hot hours oi' the day.
and their sleeping quarters should
provide plenty of fresh air at night.
Heavily fed hens will drink freely
and they should be encouraged in
this. They also need lots of grit; to
_asslniilate heavy feeding.
Feed all the hens will eat three
times a day. but do not leave any soft
food in the troughs between meals.
Some scattered grain may be left in
the pen, but not enougir to prevent.
them from et-,tirng quantities of the
soft feed which is morg readily assim-
ilated. - _
in the morning feed- a mixture of
two parts wheat mitidilings or “red
dog" flour an done part cornmenl.Add
a little salt, dissolving it in the water
used in the' inlxture to insure even
diitributlon. It skim-milk is svaiik
able, use this instead of water in miie
ing the mash. Mix it into a stiff'
dough-tilie stiffer the better. At noon
give it light feed of oats, and later in
the day give the fow-is al fthe corn-
they will eat. along with a good feed
ot' beef scraps or cue bone. ”V
l'ic‘ns so fattened <(.i ure, -sweet
products come to the table with fat
globulos deposited among the meat
fibres. which aiimply melt throughout
the flesh ln cooklng.Thus the carcass
is- tender and sweet, and without the
strlnglness commonly bound in old
hens. Good marketing methods often
result in a gain in the price hens
bring per pound' as well as in the
uuniber of pounds.
ssmsxsaasyxxsmmxxyy.
*Q >
as i DAIRY
Hr
CLEAN o'Aiav ureusits Nac-
sssAav r-on ocean Mini;
iuostpf the bacteria which ut into
milk come from _the (lilly COW 9-“fl
from the utensils, such aucansy pa_$ll_.
htralnera and separators. which have-.
not been properly cleaned. ln winter'
the cows are likely to becolnei dlfil
from confinement in the barn, but__ii|__
summer they are easily kept. _clean l_/1
that they are than of iitus; ‘relative
centre. ~ ' .
Symptoms:-The chicks appear dull
und insolate themselves from the ro-
motn-'ler usually remaining in the hov-_
come ruffled; wins” droop; upiwlllv
is lest an¢1_occastou.ill_v the chicks
_will give utterance to a shrill cry. pur-
ticularly when trying to pass material
-from the bowels. A white disehari!6V
.is usually present, although it may he
frfithor rcrldlsh l`u colour and the vent
'muy become pasted with the material
discharged. These are the_ prominent
:symptoms in typical cases. but chicks
_may g|so be badly' affected and exhib-
'it"nu outward appearant:‘e of disease
until death suddenly takes place.
Treatment:-Treamen`t consists l
dissolving ilfteeli' grains of powdcre
This should be kept constantly
front ot` the chicks and should b
, changed every two days.
‘ Prevention:-Prevention consists
the isolation of all ailing chicks fron
,tho remainder of the flock and th
thorough disinfection of all the naar
ers and runs, which may be acco
plisitetf L_* th; application of a lim
0
er or under the hen. The feathers he-|
timportancle __lV\_\_' °_c`onid.ni'in_a`tii_1_Q' _'_ 
On the other hand. _s fer (roller 
iber oi" bscteri_g._g_et'liito milk i’i‘om'
dirty utensil/s.ln summer than from a
diiiy cow in winter. _ -‘
i A bacterial count' recently' msrld'
,from some of the rinsing water left in
lVan eight gallon, can. wl\ioh~ had been
Iwashed twelve hours beVfore_._show¢'l
lthe can to contaln'ln_ol1e__ihan._l_llf°\
_hiiiioh bacteria. _slight gallons or milk
lpiicen in this can would havg___rec-
lcived a contamination of neai‘ly_§;)0.-
000 bacteria tor eacuchptc centl_ et-
er. This cashed hetlil- tlior,9\_1§l1ll
irinsed and left co_v_§f_Bll ill _ll _“Um
twhefe as ten-r°fw=‘fs.wt=t.lil>vtit. ll
ideg. F. An ex.ppl'ill\0l1t.¥lld,\/ lliirlltk.
“ the winter when tns~tempere.tui»nn_\l`
, d;helew 50 degrees showed 'fewertiieli
5 Catechu in a gallon of drinking water._3_000_000 ba,.tu.|,, in ‘_ cg* ,{,ng|_;_|~|}__
i“,treated. which would mean a contacti-
° ination ol’ fewer than 100 for each
. e --\
lcubic centiine-ter of `m1lk. _
I; Experiments of this soft _wltilih h’av_e~
‘been carried on at the Univdreitil 
Rnissoun collage or Ast-iqunurs. megs’
“hate that the point at cult! imaoftanw
m_ .
e- (Continued on page ton.)
/ ' `
_ .
,......~"c_.._~,.. ... \... __ _ .. --t 'vt ,,'.. use ' "'
. , ,   .».,.  ,_ » -_-fr ‘ >-» -
_ . -~a»ae»m~- __ ,_ '~ wer i '* ' ’
.a-mam-
o ed onebalf a teacupful of good Ve¢_§m-5
___¢_.. _____.. A
r/_-. ~_`v..»`.~ .._..,__
~.,- f -¢~
“'>at:>,».\.L4-¢a<»u-..»r- ~. ~ ~ N ,_-
.._-_\_\». .___ 4,