not
      attached
      to
     
     
      these
      donations
     
     
      there
      would
      be
      less
     
     
      cause
      for
      concern.
     
     
      Yet
      in
      many
      cases
     
    
   
   
    
     
      strings
      are
      attached.
     
    
   
   
    
     
      The
      uneasy
     
     
      relationship
      be-
     
     
      tween
      big
      business
     
     
      and
      universities
      is
     
     
      nothing
      new.
      In
     
     
      1951,
      the
      Massey
     
     
      Royal
      Commission
     
     
      on
      the
      Arts,
      Letters
     
     
      and
      Sciences
     
     
      warned
      that
      com-
     
     
      mercial
      influences
     
     
      endangered
      the
     
     
      university’s
      moral
     
     
      and
      intellectual
     
     
      purposes.
     
    

    
     
      The
      Commis-
     
     
      sion
      advised
      that
     
     
      public
      money
      be
     
     
      used
      to
      strengthen
     
    
   
   
    
     
      federal
      government
     
     
      responded
      by
     
     
      granting
      $7
      million
     
     
      to
      universities.
      This
     
     
      figure
      increased
      to
     
     
      $99
      million
      in
      1966
     
     
      and
      up
      to
      $628
     
     
      million
      in
      1970.
     
    

    
     
      By
      the
      mid-
     
     
      ‘70s,
      though,
     
     
      universities
      were
     
     
      forced
      into
      a
      posi-
     
     
      tion
      of
      restraint.
      A
     
     
      nationwide
      eco-
     
     
      nomic
      slowdown
     
     
      combined
      with
      a
     
     
      renewal
      of
      public
     
     
      sector
      conservatism
     
     
      slimmed
      universi-
     
     
      ties’
      budgets.
     
    

    
     
      But
      despite
      the
     
     
      reduced
      funding,
     
     
      the
      number
      of
     
     
      students
      continued
     
     
      to
      grow.
      From
      1970
     
    
   
   
    
     
      than
      15
      times
      faster
     
     
      than
      public
      spend-
     
     
      ing
      on
      post-second-
     
     
      ary
      education.
     
    

    
     
      At
      the
      same
     
     
      time,
      profit
      margins
     
     
      were
      slipping
      and
     
     
      the
      early
      stages
      of
     
     
      globalization
      saw
     
     
      competition
      stream
     
     
      in
      from
      abroad.
     
     
      Companies
      recog-
     
     
      nized
      the
      potential
     
     
      benefits
      of
     
     
      partnering
      with
      the
     
     
      academic
      world.
     
    

    
     
      In
      what
      has
     
     
      been
      described
      by
     
     
      some
      scholars
      as
      a
     
     
      “marriage
      of
      con-
     
     
      venience,”
      technol-
     
     
      ogy
      poor
      busi-
     
     
      nesses
      associated
     
     
      themselves
      with
     
     
      financially
      strapped
     
    
   
   
    
     
      a
      professor
      of
     
     
      social
      work
      at
      the
     
     
      University
      of
     
     
      Manitoba
      and
     
     
      author
      of
      the
      re-
     
     
      cently
      published
     
     
      book
      Universities
     
     
      For
      Sale,
      coined
      the
     
     
      term
      “trafficking
      in
     
     
      intellectual
      prop-
     
     
      erty”
      to
      describe
     
     
      this
      trend.
     
    

    
     
      Traditional
     
     
      universities
      pro-
     
     
      duced
      knowledge
     
     
      through
      research
     
     
      and
      distributed
      it
     
     
      freely
      through
     
     
      publication
      and
     
     
      teaching.
     
    

    
     
      The
      new
     
     
      corporate
      university
     
     
      views
      “knowledge
     
     
      as
      intellectual
     
     
      property,
      a
      com-
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      according
      to
     
     
      Tudiver.
     
    

    
     
      The
      knowl-
     
     
      edge
      and
      research
     
     
      of
      academics
      does
     
     
      have
      profit
      poten-
     
     
      tial,
      particularly
      in
     
     
      areas
      like
      engineer-
     
     
      ing
      and
      health
     
     
      sciences.
     
    

    
     
      Professors
      are
     
     
      encouraged,
      some-
     
     
      times
      even
      pres-
     
     
      sured,
      to
      get
      patents
     
     
      on
      their
      work
     
     
      before
      anything
      is
     
     
      made
      public.
      When
     
     
      the
      work
      is
      sold,
     
     
      both
      the
      professor
     
     
      and
      the
      university
     
     
      benefit
      financially.
     
    

    
     
      Universities
     
     
      also
      try
      to
      help
     
     
      academics
      make
     
     
      links
      with
      indus-
     
    
   
   
    
     
      of
      projects.
     
    

    
     
      Many
      profes-
     
     
      sors,
      like
      Dr.
     
     
      Hojatollah
      Vali
     
     
      from
      McGill’s
     
     
      Department
      of
     
     
      Anatomy
      and
      Cell
     
     
      Biology,
      believe
     
     
      these
      links
      are
     
     
      important.
     
    

    
     
      “To
      some
     
     
      extent
      we
      need
      to
     
     
      go
      to
      corporations
     
     
      and
      industry.
      We
     
     
      are
      using
      taxpay-
     
     
      ers’
      money
      to
     
     
      conduct
      research
     
     
      and
      industries
      may
     
     
      eventually
      use
      our
     
     
      data
      without
      con-
     
     
      tributing
      anything,”
     
     
      said
      Vali.
      “Getting
     
     
      industry
      support
      is
     
     
      positive.”
     
    

    
     
      Ironically,
      the
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      university
      inde-
      to
      1983,
      enrolment
      __
      universities.
      modity
      to
      be
      tries
      for
      the
      funding
     
     
      pendence.
      The
      rose
      at
      a
      rate
      more
      Neil
      Tudiver,
      bought
      and
      sold,”
      Continued
      on
     
     
      page
      8
     
     
      Montreal
      Mu
      m
      ia
      *
      Founding
      mem-
      time
      overa
      week
      mtl.tao.ca
     
     
      citizens
      Ab
      al
      ber
      of
      the
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      _—_ago.
     
     
      may
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      u-Jam
      Panther
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      in
      International
     
     
      under-
      Philadelphia
      *
      Since
      his'incar-
      “Concerned
      Family
     
     
      stand
      the
      Born:
      April
      23,
      ceration,
      Jamal
      and
      Friends
      of
     
     
      owe
      of
      1954
      in
      Philadel-
      *
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      of
      has
      written
      two
      Mumia
      Abu-Jamal
     
     
      OF
      ee
      phia,
      PA
      first
      degree
      mur-
      _
      books,
      Live
      From
      PQ.
      Box
      19709,
     
     
      Mumiass
      j
     
     
      der
      and
      given
      the
      Death
      Row,
      and
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      PA
     
     
      name
     
     
      ligeacane
      Father
      of
      three
      death
      penalty
      for
      Death
      Blossoms.
      19413
     
     
      in
      alley
      children,
      the
      alleged
      shoot-
      A
      third
      book,
      (215)
      476-8812,
     
     
      ways
      and
      grandfather
      of
      ing
      and
      killing
      of
      |
      Race
      For
      Justice,
      e-mail
     
     
      on
      Batis
      three
      children
      a
      white
      police
      was
      written
      about
      mumia@aol.com
     
     
      ings.
      .
      officer
      on
      Decem-
      his
      case
      by
      his
     
     
      Occupation:
      ber
      9;
      1981
      s
      attorneys.
      For
      Maureen
      :
     
     
      (Addi-
      Journalist.
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      ves
     
     
      tional
      ent
      of
      awards
      for
      *
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      been
      on
      *
      For
      further
      sponse,
      try:
     
     
      reporting
      reporting
      on
      death
      row
      in
      information
      con-
     
     
      by
      Adam
      police
      miscon-
      Pennsylvania
      for
      tact:
      Justice
      For
      Police
     
     
      Graham)
      duct,
      abuse
      of
      17
      years,
      awaiting
      Officer
      Daniel
     
     
      authority
      and
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      His
      The
      Montreal
      Faulkner
     
     
      racial
      discrimina-
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      warrant
      was
      Free
      Mumia
     
     
      tion.
      signed
      twice,
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      Coalition
      Cre:
     
     
      was
      stayed
      both
      (514)
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       danielfaulkner.
     
     
      Political
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