‘PAGE 4 “schools of any > $9.00 per * ‘In the: current: debate on. the * Mons, a valuable contribution was made by two Toronto Conservative ‘members, Fred Stinson of York Cen- ‘tre, and M. D.-Morton of Toronto-. ‘Davenport. They spoke on education, ‘titing a comparative study by a young Cdnadian teacher, Anthony Frisch, of mathematics and science ‘curricula in the schools of Canada and» the Soviet Union. This comparison proved—what is already pretty gen- “erally surmised—that there is a con- siderable lag to be made up before ‘science teaching in the secondary Canadian province equals that available to Russian boys and girls. It also showed up the _inequality of educational opportunity -offered Canadian children in different ‘provinces. Thus, the mathematics and science teaching in Ontario secon- dary schools, measured by units of instruction, is just over 70 per cent ‘as good as that provided in Russian schools, while in the ‘Atlantic Prov- *inces (among others) the disparity is much more marked. To remedy this situation, the To- -ronto members urged a revision of school curricula, to bring them up to the Russian standard even though it meant cutting educational frills. But their important contribution to the “debate was a concrete proposal to @qualize educational opportunity for children of .exceptional ability in every province of Canada without ‘Interfering with any province's right -to control its own educational system. The method would be that of tests ‘open to all secondary school children and designed to measure not their knowledge of any school subject but their ability to reason, to imagine and to grasp abstract ideas. Passing the first test, a child would .qualify as a Canada Scholar and he entitled while he continued to - go to schoo] and pass his examina- tions to a monthly payment from the Department of National Welfare, of the equivalent of an old age pension. Passing the second, a senior student would become a Queen's Scholar, en- titled to draw twice the amount monthly as long as he or she con- tinued at, school or university, no matter where, in Canada. Eventually, the Federal Govern- ment will have to face the problem of educational! inequality among the provinces. The scheme proposed by — - the Toronto members may be open to criticism, but at least it does repre- sent constructive thinking, and may spark other ideas which will keep the question in ‘the limelight: The sub- ject is important enough to be de- bated at length in Parliament, and it ' is becoming more and more urgent as time passes. Concerted Convertibility Recent financia! developments in Europe—notably. the announcement at the end of 1958 by ten nations that their currencies had been made ex- ternally convertible—should make for - significant improvements in the flow of international commerce, according to the Bank of Montreal’s Business Review for January. The recent an- nouncement by the United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Italy, Bel- gium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg,, Denmark, Norway and Sweden’ was “an important milestone on the road to easier international exchange of money, and thus to easier interna- tional exchange of goods.” Defining convertibility, the Bank review says in its full sense the term means that “a country’s currency can be freely exchanged for any other, by either residents or non-residents of that country, and irrespective of -whether it was obtained through cur- rent dealings in goods or services or Acquired as a result of a transfer of capital.” This was the situation that ‘largely prevailed before the war. With the outbreak of war, strin- nt exchange regulations were insti- tuted by almost all combatant na- tions, the review recalls. Since the war, these controls have been gra- ‘dually relaxed in vadrving degrees, but only Canadian arid, U. S. ‘dollars and Swiss francs were fully con- ~-yertibie. pribr to January 12, when the West German mark became the £ TUESDAY. JAN. 27, 1959. =~ £ducational- Proposal Throne Speech in the House of” Com-" fitbe ator to, or seek from, — .sterling area was—and' still - import restrictions. ‘gressive removal of trade barriers that “Ontario, apparently, is not too satisfied with some of the condiiions, “emergency has been proclaimed. _It was a good prayer, neverthelesa, fourth fully convertible national cur ~ External convertibility now per . mitted by the other nine European nations is still limited in that it ap- plies only to currency acquired by non-residents, and even then does not extend to capital transactions, the bank says. A case in point is British sterling, the currency in which al- most half of the world’s trade is | conducted. Even now, residents of J the United Kingdom and the rest of the sterling area must still—as form- the authorities any foreign curren- . }~-eies acquired, or neeseds-ar the course || . of current or capital transactions.” + In contrast, dollar area nations have all along been able to convert any sterling earned into dollars and thus ‘| into gold or any other currency, al- though their ability to sell in the . is—" limited by tariffs and quantitative +e a - Summarizing the position as it now stands, ‘hard currency’ countries like Canada “need no longer be singled out as objects of the discrimination inherent in trade restrictions that still exist, and it is to be hoped that this discrimination will soon disap- pear. The recent financial develop-_ ments among the European nations *; should pave the way towards pro- and to a widening of the channels of international trade.” ' Quebec's Hospital. Plan Quebec has now intimated that it will join the national hospital in- surance plan, probably next year— making it unanimous so far as com- mitment of the ten Provinces to the plan is concerned. Cost to the Quebec taxpayer is expected to be about $50 annually, and it will likely be on a premium basis,. providing hospital care (for those who oF under pub lic ward facilities. es A government official explained that Quebec’s entry into the plan does not mean Quebec is willirg to go along ‘vith any scheme which might be described as “another .tep along the road to modified socialism.” It will enter “on its own terms”, but that does not mean that it wil! ask for any special concessions from the Federal Government. In the Quebec story it is intimated “aaNet RR ent i under which it accepted the plan and the same thing is true of some of the other provinees.”. Que- bee hopes to benefit to some extent from the experience of other prov- inces. In any ‘case, the conditions: there are different, as the majority of Quebec hospitals are operated: by | religious orders. Since the National Union Party assumed power, all Que- bec hospitals have been built with the help of grants from the provincial __ government. Premier Duplessis rec- ently told the Legislative Assembiy that between 1945 and 1958 his gov- ernment had made grants totalling $155,330,783 for this purpose. Ex- penditures under the Quebec Public Charities Act and money spent for the treatment and care of mental patients during the Same period amounted to $640,588,506. No esti- mate is available of just how much it will cost Quebec taxpayers as a whole for their share of the hospital in- surance plan. EDITORIAL NOTES Among the blessings we enjoy is freedom from such disastrous ‘mid- winter floods as have brought ruin to thousands of homes in Pennsyl- vania, Ohio and. other American b States at this season. The death toll is mounting and a state of national * * ~ Tranquilizing drugs are finding a useful place in treating animals. The Ontario Veterinary College reports that among the many: uses for these drugs are the quieting of thorough. bred horses for training and other purposes, making dogs and cats eas. ler to handle, and putting sows more | at ease at farrowing time. There is also evidence that beef cattle gain faster and dairy cows pre Soviet Deputy Premjer Mikevan* appears to have learned something from his American visit. On return- ing to Moscow he called the first press conference ever held in the Kremlin, concluding with an appeal for a return to wartime Soviet American co-operation: Mr. Mikoyan who doesn’t believe in God, said, “May God: help us to revert to the kind ot co-operation we had at that ‘ime.” me ee em ee VIEW FROM PARLIAMENT HILL An OTTAWA REPORT Innovation In Democracy By Patrick Nicholson : : An interesting innovation in de- mocracy was launched by Er- hart Regier, CCF member of Parliament for Burnaby-Coquit- | lam B.C. earlier this month. .He proposed the calling of a conference of leading Burnaby citizens, before:the local federal and provincial legislators went to attend the sessions in Ottawa and Victoria. Its-purpose was to en- able the legislators to learn the thinking of their electors and to receive the benefit of their. ad- vice, before tackling the many problems facing the two govern- | ments Regier swung to his viewpoint th his political neighbour, John Drysdale. Conservative M.P. for Burnaby-Richmond, and Allan Emmott, Reeve of Burnaby. So ‘those three jointly launched a ‘Legislators’ Advisory Confer- ence,” amd invited all Federal M Ps,. Provincial M.L.As, “ muni- cipal councillors, members of hospital and school boards, exe- cutives of boards of trade and ratepayers’. associations and tea- chers’ locals and trade unions of the Burnaby district. * LIKE TOWN MEETING OF OLD ' \The day-long conference was held on January 3. It was at- tended by over.70 delegates: and was conducted on a non-partisan basis with Tom Goce, former Li- bera! M.P. for Burnaby-Rich- mond, being elected to serve as chairman. Reeve Allan Emmott subse- quently declared that the confer- ence had been a great success, | ; and he hoped that this unique| IS DEFENC.° NECESSARY exoerience might become an an- Havana Demonstrations | By Joseph MacSween Canadian Press Staff Writer The pubhe trials in the Havana Soorts Palace, while not hkely to enhance foreign confidence in Fidel Castro, are well understood by his fellow Cubans. Canadians — and other friends of Cuba—have fears that mob calls for blood won't be conducive to justice in Havana, that Castro should have waited for the pru- | dence of perspective. Certa.nly part of the answer is in the velatile Cuban tempera- men: and Castro can point to the strongest popular support — not just mob support—for his stern procedures. | POPULAR WILL ; The Thursday demwnstrations, in which an estimated 750,000 people turned out to cheer him and his policies, provided one in- dication of the popular will and there have been similar indica- tions in the provinces. + All this shows\ that the outside world is learning now for the first time just how bad things were in Cuba during the dictalorship of Bat.sta and the many years he ruled behind the scenes. Ona television program, Castro appeared genuinely surprised and baffled at questions put to him about his summary executions, as if he thought the reasons for these. would be well known to everybody. “Proof is so easy.”’ he said, holdirg out his hands in a help less gesture. ce ON ALL SIDES io: Herbert L. Matthews of the New, York Times, an expert on Latin - American affairs and a close observer of the Cuban scene for years, writes: ‘.*. . There is hardly a family in Cuba that did not nave a member at least arresied and at worst tortured and killed by pres ident Batista’s soldiers and police. . ‘Moreover, in every city, town and village, the killers and tor tur@)s were known.” This gives added point to Cestro’s: contention that the rebels were correct in dealing out quick retributioa, lest an in- flamed populace go on the ram- | installing an effective internation nual affair. “I don't know of a case where | such unity has been shown,” he> declared. “It crossed not only ; municipal lines, but party lines as well” : The deliberations of the con- ference showed that unemploy- ment is regarded in Burnaby as the major ‘roblem facing .al! le vels of government today. A close second. not unrelated, is the lack of adequate financing for govern- | ment at the local level. Mr. Drys- dale challenged the ad ocates of make-work plans to propose that taxes should be raised to cover thé cost. Many of the issues discussed were naturally local matters, such as the development of Gari- ‘baldi Park and the pay of psy- chiatric nurses in Burnaby hos- pitals. Erhart Regier, a staunch C.C. Fer who once sought the Con- servative nomination in his na- tive province of Saskatchew an, dropped a block-buster-when-he criticized organised labour for forgetting the average Canadian worker. : “Big labour.’’ he said, ‘should campaign actively to raise liv- ‘ing standards of non-union Cana- dians. Organized labour should not try to get the pay of the $3 an hour man boosted to $: it should campaign to see that the man getting $1 an hour is boost- ed to a living wage. Today, a large number of Canadian work- ers are expected to support fami- lies on $200 a month.” a The greatest fillip to our econ- page, killing innocent as well as guilty. NEW PLAN ‘i : Castro now announced that combed onaideaauns will be pro-* hibited in Cuba -as soon as- the- more notorious “war criminals” aave been tried by summary courts-martial. This was apparently meant to reassure foreign countries but be- trays a lack of understanding of what the criticism is all about. The criticism has been directed * -1 Warriors, pract.cally no looting or hoodlum | ' omy would be to increase the spending money in the hands of our lower .income groups, Mr. Regier belleves. He told me that in B.C. such families are now up to their ears in debt, and just don't want to buy what they can- not pay cash for. and reject these “no down payment” lures Mr. Regier made the interest- ing proposal at the conference that Ottawa should divert at. least some of our defence \ spending _} year_improves~ the appetites ..6f .| checks. | baby can be taken outdoors. ‘youngsters, -heightens their vit- ality’ and. puts color jp their Of course you can’t just toss. ~" the tot outside without any fore thought or preparation. ‘For one thing, there is a weight- temperature formula that 1s generally accepted by pediatric- ians for determining when a | CORRECT WEIGHT I don’t recommend taking. a baby outside before he reaches a weight of at least eight pounds and then only if the temperature is 60 degrees or above. ‘ Once he reaches 10 pounds, he can be taken out for several hours a day, providiag the tem- perature is above freezing and it isn’t windy or rainy.: PROPERLY DRESSED . Babies 12 pounds and over can go out’ even in_ sub-freezing weather, ifjthey are kept in a sunny sheltered spot and if they | are properly dressed. Usually, the best time for tak- ing the baby out is between ten a.m. and two p.m. Outdoor gear includes wind- | proof snow suits over regular indoor clothing, caps that pro- / tect the ears, mittens, warm socks and shoes. : FURTHER PRECAUTIONS I suggest a couple of other pre- cautions, too. In cold weather you must protect infants and toddlers’ from the discomforts* of running noses and drooling. Application of petroleum jeliy. around the nostrils will help keep them from becoming raw. and sore. Rubbing more jelly on the cheeks will .prevent chapping. And a little lip lotion on the lips will keep thenr from_ becoming | of $1.700.000,000 a year. and use it to combat directly our unem- ployment problem. “We are spending this money to protect ourselves against Com- munisfh,”” he explained to me here. “But I say that we should fight Communism where the threat is most serious - right in the hearts and minds of unem- ployed Canadians. The out-of- works sleeping under a briige can, if they become numerous enough, undermire and de- stroy our way of life while we guard it at our frontiers. Hungry | homeless men-even home-owners who fall behind on their mort- gage and tax payments - could cause communism in Canada faster than anything coming from Mescow.”” Mr. Regier described to me how hundreds of unemployed in Vancouver can now. even in mid- winter, be seen every night, sleeping peneath “blankets” of newspapers, in parking. lots on Pender. Street and elsewhere. His original and thought-pro- voking preposal on defence spend- ing should give the Bomarc-and- Arrow advocates something to scratch their heads about. After all, it is only. pursuing to its logi- cal conclusion the Prime Minis- ter's growing conviction. streng- | thened by -his world tour, that the Cold War is an economic war, not a shooting war. ai the speed and summary nature of the executions, not at the prin- ciple of capital punishment. ’ Castro has succeeded in main- taining a surprising degree of control over. his victorious young and there has been violence. But there‘ is ample evidence that, at 32. he was unprepared } for the political. responsibilities that fell on his shoulders with victory. It has made little differ- ence that Manuel Urrutia, an older and more experienced ad- ministrator, was named as pro- visional president—Castro is the boss in the eyes of the people. New Hone For Agreement Chances for the stopping of nu- clear tests have, I believe, be come considerably better t his week. What has happened at the Three-Power Conference on Nu- clear Tests which has been go- ing on in Geneva since last aut- umn is that Britain and the Unit- ed States have now withdrawn one of their two main conditions for agreeing to ban tests, nof merely for one year but on a continuing basis. \ This Western condition was in_ itself perfectly reasonable and constructive; but I understand that during the Geneva talks the Soviet delegates have been mak- ing very heavy weather about it, and have cast doubt on Wes- tern motives. I therefore do not think it too simple-minded to be lieve that the Western withdraw al of this condition must make it easier for Soviet Russia toe come into an agreement about stopping the tésts. PURPOSE IS CLEAR To recall the Western position. when Britain and the United Stat es first offered to suspend tests for one year last summer, they said they would prolong the ban thereafter on two conditions. One was the satisfactory progress. in al system of control over tes! suspension; the other was ‘sat isfactory progress without th’. adoption and execution of the measures of real disarmament. By Elizabeth Barker _ United Kingdém Information Service %. It is this second condition that has caused so much trouble at the Geneva conference and al- though faced by strong Soviet jections, Western spckesmen have done their unmost to ex- plain its purpose. To the normal person, this would seem to be clear enough. As the Western Powers have always pointed out, a country can stop tests and yet keep, and increase, a stock ‘of nuclear weapons pewerful enough to do unbel.evable de struction, to say nothing of oth- er weapons of war. \ i To stop tests is therefore not, in itself, a measure .of disarma- ment. What the West wants, is real disarmament. This means that the countries . concerned must stop making nuclear wea- pons and reduce their stocks of nuclear and other armaments. Just because the Western Pow- ers think that real‘ disarmament fs what matters most—much more, in any case. than an isolat- ed ban on tests—they have ttied to link the suspension of tests. on a longterm, continuing basis. with progress in disarmament An agreed ban on tests can be a good start: but it can be mucn more valuable if it can be made to lead to real scaling<iown of weapons. The Western motives in put ting forward this conditon there fore seem to me quite straight ‘forward and sincere. Unfortunate. . , dry and chapped | QUESTION AND ANSWER M.J. What are the symptoms 1s a post-nasal drip? Is it relat- Selected to expose a reflective | ed to sinus trouble? | Answer: Post-nasal | Closely related to sinus trouble. | The chief symptoms of post-nas- +al drip are the constant dripping | of mucous material into the | pharynx, and a cough | MAXIMS i ; To live in hearts we leave be- hind is not to die. OUR YESTERDAYS (From The Guardian Files) i drip is / (Jan, 27, 1934) Confidenee i fic, not only in Prince Edward ever devised.—Myles Wyatt, Ad- -eatesthoke screet.”” Where élse | 000.—New York Despatch » Ocean racing is the wettest, slowest, most éxpensive and most uncomfortable way of getting no- where that the wit of man has miral.of the Royal Ocean Racing Club : An Eastern Ontario newspaper thinks. the Diefenbaker govern- ment is laying a smoke-screen. and adds “It’s a pretty moth- but-Ottawa-could one see such a: spectacle?—Ottawa Journal Vele Dukovski, thé Yugoslav actor, succeeded so well in his stage role in “King of the Thiev- es” that .he took up the same. Profession. in real life. A court in Belgrade has just sentenced him to twenty years in prison 'NOTES BY THE WAY’ Lets not think that a $700,000, 000 (Federal) deficit is a all — or even a cure. It is economic antibiotic and must used with care.—Calgary Herald — Immigrat.on Minister , Fair clough has denied that immi- | gran‘s are taking: jobs away from Canadians. Unemployed Cana- dians are prone to blame immi- grants for loss of employment. Not infrequently the Canadians are because they will not take the k.nd of jobs oF the wages that are acceptable to newcomers {6 this ¢ountry—Sud- bury Star : Apparently the .Sunday school teacher had some chi'dren i@ her class whose parents were a bit ctful in- seeing to it that their offspring arrived in neat During the past two years the | condition. At any rate, on this actor - thief has committed 110 burglaries that netted him $36,000 Tageszeitung, Inasbruck If Anastas I. Mikoyan were handed a bill for his lunch at the First National City Bank of New York the other day it pro- bably would be for $39,000,000. The bank has been keeping on its books a claim for that amount since the Russians took over its branches in Russia during the re- | volution of 1918. The bank is one of ten major U.S. financial and“ industrial concerns claiming Rus- sia owes. them a total of $276,000,- All in all, 1958 was a bad year for earth, the Republicans, Sher- man Adams, the. south, profes- sional baseball, quiz shows, gov- | . with the hill ernment bonds, the railroads, the new fashions, Maria Callas and big automobiles. It was a good year’for space, the Democrats, de Gaulle, Nelson Rockefeller, the north, professional football, westerns, credit cards, the , hula hoops, Brigitte \ Bardot and little automobiles —Saturday Re- view Gleaming white synthetic rub- particular Sunday she was hold- ing forth on the theme that clean liness is next to godliness. As a prop to emphasizing her point, she held up a bar of soap. “Oh- oh], exclaimed one little listen- er in a stage whisper, “Here comes the commercial.”—Cum- herland Advocate ABSENT SUMMER Alone I sit at evening in the sad room And watch my wisdew darken On which we lay one summer af ternoon, | Above its dusk, the sky is dying still. A cloud grinds the glass with rain, : A bird flies; each wing-beat ig its last. The hedges still come close across the lane, But summer is already in the * past. ber covers the reinforced con- crete roof of the ue church in the Caribbean, the Santa Maria Reina Church in Ponce, Puerto surface to the torrid. sun in or- der to keep the interior of the church cooler. The rubber’s e- asticity allows it to expand and contract with temperature varia- tions.—Chemical News Mr. Mr. W. N. MacDonald, Syd ney, N.S. in an interview yes terday. Plans are already under- | Way to ship coal from the Mabou mine in Cape Breton by barge to Georgetown where it will transfer the coal to a 1,000-ton* bunker barge and screening plant to be | erected there. show room and store contents i TWENTY—FIVE YEARS AGO Swift and efficient work by the | | Chariottetown Fire Department | t the tourist traf. 19 Zero weather saved the large | ' Island, but also in the whole Do- | Of Simpson's Agency fram serious | i expressed last evening by Mr. | rom Quebec, where he attended | dian Association of Tourist and Publicity Bureaux. Mr. Arse nault is Honorary past President | of the organization. In the report of the recent an- nual meeting of the shareholders | of the Bank of Nova Scotia re. | | ference is made to the appoint- | ment of Mr. E...Crockett. Chief Supervisor of Branches, as As- | sistant General Manager. Mr. ' Crockett is a native of York. a son of Mrs. Crockett and the late Col. Crockett. TEN YEARS AGO : (Jan, 27, 1949)\ Georgetown will become the | Island distributing centre and coaling port this summer, said | . ly. Soviet Ryssia, for motives which are less clear, has insist-_ ed that the Western condition is time-waisting and deliberately ob- structive. Nithough Britain and the United States obviously do | noty accept‘ titis view, they have | now decideti that the need to get agreement must come first. As the British delegate, Mr. Ormsby-Gore, put it: “What the Soviet Union has _ repeatedly maintained to be the main ob- stacle to a treaty has now been removed by the United Kingdom and the United States. We have demonstrated our sincere desire to reach an agreement.” TESTING-TIME Now _that the Western Powers have made this important step forward, many of us will be wat- ching-anxiously to see what hap- pens in Geneva during the next few days. This is obviously the testing-time, above all the test of Soviet intentions and sincer- ity. The other main Western con- dition for continuing the ban on tests is effective and the United ! States cannot, I think. abandon. Without control, an agreement to ban tests is an empty formal- ity. An effective internationai j control system, even in a limit- | ed field of tests, would be am enormous advance. and could lead to a whole series of stens in con- trolled disarmament. Last summer, Soviet experts agreed with Western experts on recommendations on a_ control system and the Soviet Govern ment has not subsequently rais- ed any objection to the principle of the thing. It is when it com- es to practical details of organi- sation that difficulties seem to arise. We simply do not know yet whether Soviet Russia is real- ly prepared to accept interna- tional control teams on Soviet soil, as elsewhere in the world ae shall now, I suppose, soon find out, - Pa fie ~—— i a fire broke out in the basement. an overheated furnace, the fire the annual meeting of the Cana-| ¥8S confined to the basement | | PATRIOT | ani only damage to the stock was causéd. The Age Old Story Keep thy heart with) all dill- gence, for out of it sues ef life. tele: minion, would be increased, was ¢@™age yesterday morning. when | j $ Justice Arsenault on his return | Believed to have been caused by | GUARDIAN - arp the is: Wild ponies wander on the hill’s long crest | Ric. Synthetic rubber was used [And down the valley where my | because of its unusual resistance |» sleep has fled. | to aging and oxidation. White was The nightingale has left her thorny nest, But I watch on umtil the stars are dead. The morning star is Venus, the . ~» defender And destroyer of love's birds. 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