~~ everyone connected with fox farm- ' The postponing of the judging had who effect. of bringing in quite a ‘Stewart Wright and Lowell Han- ._,___.__ _ . - . ! Tssusu-Ml: TIHELY IIITES OI [IPIGS " ~ _ BIIIIEGTEI VIITII, Silver Fox and Th: Provincial Io: Pelt Show held at Sumnlersid: this week broke fall record: for number of pelts exhibited -- 1.104 - and according to those who saw them‘ it was the most attractive and best exhibit of all time. It i: possible that the figure 1.104 stands a: a record not only for this Province but for, the Dominion‘ and possibly the United States. 1n our memory we cannot recall such a big entry list anywhere else, number of good pelts that would niherilvise have been shut out as they would not be ready for an early January show. 1t is probable nut tho late date will be used ill future as the first of the you 1; al-ways a busy time at Canadian National headquarters and for ing. Our hat: are off to to; dip waliflil committee, Beecher Mac- Dougall and Robert Humphrey. who were assisted by Ed Burleigh, Ernest Mill and Tom Carruthers, quite _ in rock. who sllperintendcd the sho'w building and was all round spark plug to keep thing: moving. waiter P. Shuw, Secretary of the Associ- silon, as usual had hi: book: and clerical work right up to the minute so that the organization worked well, To those of u: who have served on such committees or interested ourselves with the live show: w: realize th: amount of affort and thought entailed in setting up a show like the above. We may say it also threw a great deal of responsibility on the Cana- dish National silver Fox Breeder's Association staff at Summersido which i: under th: management of Georg: A. Oallbeck. They had to do a lot. of extra work in order to make the event o: possibility. The President. L. R. Lockerby was warm- ly congrltlllaled at the banquet held Tuesday evening and h: deserved to b: as both the Liv: ehow and tho Pelt Show under hi: regime have been successful. To DouglaflBell who was judge ef pelts. serving in that capacity for several years. w: must give great praise. Ill: was an unenvi- sblo talk mad: so vs many pelts varying so litte in quality that it was a difficult thing to place them. There was also the fact that classes reached a: high a: to and to weed out the lower end: and than concentrate en the better one: took an active mind. a very true eye and good judgment. Owinl‘ to tho {act that now: had to be telephoned lo this paper in the evening so a: in get it fresh for reader: in the morning. only winners up to third position could be given. In due course the winners will b: published and will receive the honorable mention which they deserve. Often u pelt which ls in fourth er fifth place in a certain class ha: beauty and other attri- butes that would place it in the first rank a't a smaller show than our Provincial one. Pleasing to :.ll was that email breeders, some of whom have boon coming to the front in recent yaara. won awards. 111i: will be most encouraging and shows that no matter who you are or where you live if you exhibit a pelt that has sufficient merit the classification committee and judge Douglas Bell will so: that you have an equal chsnc: with anyone. Some time ago we mentioned that a committee consisting of George A. Callback, Douglas Bell and Peter G. clark had been appointed by Premier J. Waiter Jones on behalf of the Provincial novei-nment to select twelve 17¢"! LONG WALL The wall of the city of Beyrout in Syria is three miles in circum- fcrence. QOWOWO}? NOTICE Duo to ill health l will not be able to coll on my customers for chick orders, but would appreci- ote your kindness, if they would write, phone coll on ma. l will Guorontoofbom extra good chicks, sexed or unsexed. Also started cliicks,-from reol good liotclieries, namely, Cyrus d. Manning Ills, "N. 5., Clark's Poultry Form, N.B-, E. W. Georg: Hatchery, Sockvilla, N. I. Also other Hatcheries. Also Guardian subscriptions o nd Nursery Stock. A. H. IRYENTON, 222 Queen Street, Charlottetown, P.E.l. '- n bfaoDonald , "ll l- wedding gift from Provinc: to Princes: Elisabeth. Willi the vary Inge number of I°°d Platinum: that appear to b: available this year there should be no difficulty in providing a out attractive dozen for the young bride. While to say that w: will receive return: from a gift seems to be in rather poor taste, thers ‘is no question but the; n,’ wei-rlng- of these furs by the Princess will have the effect of publicizing platinum fox pelt: and “will iwfllbly we Indy not benefit Qlreclly we will do so indirectly because of the stimulation of sales that will result. 0n Monday. January out... t... Canadian Fur sales company (Quebec) Ltd. will start selling 511"!’ and mutation fox pelts, Present on behalf o1 the camel“ Nlllimll Silver Fox Breeder's Association will b: George A, cau- beck. and for the P. E. I. Fur Pool Ltdfi. Peter G. Clark. The schedule is as follows: Mondgymjanugpy gggh, 2.500 platinum fox. 6.500 lliver fox. 2.000 white marked fox. Tuesday. Jf-Tllllfy 27th. 1,500 platinum fox. 1.500 white marked fox. 1.500 pearl platinum fox. 8,500 silver fox. Wfidflelflly. January 28th, 2,000 platinum fox. 0.500 silver fox. 1.500 whit: marked fox. This paper ha: arranged to have details of the sale for its readers each morn- ing following the sale.‘ These mill-lies will coma from George A. Cailbetfl whoa: report: of similar sale: have always been so eagerly looked forward to. Th! llllflfflburt oi‘ tho Oslo. Norway. December fox auction show: that Ii per cont of the silver fox Pelt: were sold at an ""080 0f new. Platinum: war: I per cent sold and blue fox have been $5 per cont sold, According to the company the" was g big dusiand for the cheaper grads: of silver: but medium and better qualities met price resistance. There was‘ some demund for paler types of blue fox medium and good quality. Interest in plttnusns was concont ted on the better typos which Iworo sold at rather satisfactory prices. Trad: opinion was that platinum 1o: had put up a much better performance than those at sales for a long time at Iiornpson, Fraser d: Ruth's New York vendu: one week ago. Platinum fox was 00 per cent sold and according to trade observer: generally 10 par cont higher than last auction. Top price was $0. but most of the goods we: sold in the ass. and us. brackets. The offering of whit: marked and full silver: also sold about U per cent with the trade estimating the level: unchanged over recent sales. _ Th: IPur ‘Ii-ado Journal of Canada, Toronto. Ontario. ha: gone to u great deal of trouble to compile a book, who’: Who In Burs. Most of the ranches in all the Province are featured and also all thosb who handle or produce accessories for fur farming. The writer had a long latter from Wilfred L Todd of Boston. and we regret to say that Mr. Todd he: found it nece y to pelt a large part of his herd of silvers. platinum: and white face foxes. A great many of these had been‘ distributed on a share basis and. gave many who. would not other- wise have bu! the opportunity, a start. Because of the fact that fox pelts, have slumped to an all- fme low, price: not permitting better than costof feed and sonic- tirnos not even that, it was found necessary for both parties to cancel their business relationship. We were one of the first to secure a platinum fox from Mr. Todd and that fox has been a real asset to our ranch. He. hi: son: and grand- sons have year after year aired pelt: that have brought among the best prices at auction in Montreal through the Canadian National silver Fox Breeder's Association. W: therefore feel more than a warm friendly feeling for our friend Wilfred and hope that he will not be too much discouraged because of the adverse turn of affairs but will keep a sufficient number of hi: herd o1 platinums and white marked foxes so that when the future brightens. he will be right there in the picture. In the meant me Mr. Todd ha: inaugurated a fur selection service for ladies who wish to avail them- selves of hi: knowledae 0f I004 pelts. and good values. We under- stand ‘that although only in operation a short time he ha: already built up quite a good clientele and our good wishes and in fact those of all rancher: who have had any dealinl: with Mr. Todd, will join u: in hoping ho will have a very large measure o! success. ~ Bpby Chick: Nov booking orders/v for ChlCRk-Dflffld Rocks, New Hampshire, m seine Rock-Nev Hnmpsliir: c»... Amer duciion fervour entry of Rock: i946, 244 eggs per bird Ill Coaodiq/ Rock flocks. , Nvavliwllkdmpsliir: entry 1946, n PW‘ ending ovsrog: l”, tlsiirl in Canadian Also l "Milli. tllroufliout Hi: season, limited quantity-LO). Rockgdilflrg, i- - witrssolu ooukto a sou. , ~ Covaltaodoiood p o s: '.V_____ ailaad or sexed. Old: r aorfy. LLiAAAA A “Q“““ '- Nawsv akkakkkkkkkakk AJAAAAAA ma‘ cusiznmy. cnAaLojrrmpwN “‘¢ :‘¢.:*“‘¢.... NOTES - ly Agricola scorrssnbrrssrm ‘“ olunscrsn (s) A wlturv sac the real old Scot- tish mansarvant was becoming vary puree. Times ware changing, and "l! younger generation of landed proprietors would not put up with the peculiarities of these ancient sorvitors. For generations before this. in many Scottish houses, a great familiarity had prevailed be. tween the members of the family and the domestics. For this many reasons might have been assigned. but we need only consider a single case. A young lad took service in the laird’: family, and feeling that he was well off. and appreciated. stayed on year after year. He grew up into confirmed habits and old use. while the young laird was lwoomlns s. man. a husband, the father of a family. The old domes. tle cannot forget tho days when his master was a ohild riding on NI blok- runnlng to him for help in difficulties about his fishing, hi! flbbltS, hi! pony, h]; 19mg Lg school. All tho family know hoiw attached the old fellow is; nobody like: to speak cross to him! Pri- Vllfiled as he is. l.f he has a ten- or interfering. he becomes a great nuisance! Still the relative position was the result of good feelings and if the familiarity sometimes be. can-lo a nuisance it was s whole- aom: nuisance. and a relic of a simpler time gone by, An examplg of the supposed fixcdness of ten- ure is afforded by an old coach- man who had lived long in the service of a noble Scottish lady. Al: last she got tired of the trouble and annoyance he caused, and gave him notice to quit. The only sat- isfaction she got was the quiet answer: “Na, na. my lady; I ciruvc yo to your wedding. and I'll stay to drive ye to your buriali" An- other ancient retainer wa: a sore trial to his master. old Mr. Erskine of Dun. As the two were crossing a fielch-tho master called, "Look, there's s-harel" The cantanker- ous servant-man coolly replied‘ "Whu a big lee; it"s a cauf." The master. now quite angry, told the old domestic the/t they must part. The old chap had served Mr. Er- skine for forty years. and never d ' that he could possibly be dismissed, asked: "Ay, sir; where yo gaun? I'm sure yoke aye best :4: hamei" . But tho old domeotim were at their best when serving st the festive board. Here, says Dean Ramsay, is a dinner lnddent which happened at Airth in the last gen- eration. A Mrs. Mim-ay of Aber- calrney was one of the guests, and during the dinner one of the fam- ily notioed that she was looking for the proper spoon to help her- self to salt. The old servant, Thom- as, was appealed to, to supply the spoon, but he took no notice. m a more peremptory tone came the ramlnder-"Ihoutas, Mrs. Murray has no salt-spoon!" To which Thomas replied most emphatically, “Last time Mrs. Murray dined here we lost :. salt-spoon!" . Another old servant, who liked to take charge, observed that his master had drunk wine with every lady at the table but one. whom he had inadvertently missed. and jogged his memory with the ques- tion-"What ail: ye at her wi‘ the greon gown?" (Arigiice, "What have you against her in the green dress?") An old Forfarshiro lady iof high rank. who had been living in re- tlsement for some time. was sud- denly cailed upon ioentertain a large party at dinner. she consult- ed with Nichol, her faithful ser- vant, and s11 the arrangements were made for the great event. As the company were arriving. the lady saw Nichol running about in his shirt sleeves, and in s. state of great agitation. 5he remonstrat- ed, and said that as the guests were coming in. he must. put (or his. coat. “Indeed. my lady." W88 his utcited reply; "indeed, there's sae muoklo rinnin’ here and rlnnin’ then, that I'm juist distrackit. I ha: cutat'n my coat and waistcoat. and, faith, I dinna ken how long I can thble (bear) my breeksl" But by 1860 great changes had taken place in the relationship be- tween master and servant. The feudal system, with its attachment of clans. was passing away. Th0!“- were transfers of property, and the extinction of old families. People became more independent of each other and service become a pecun- lsrv. and not a sentimental qua:- tion. The establishment of the fac- tory system completed the change. A Scotti‘. engineer, a practical man, who employed 1.200 men and paid them handsomely. told Dean Ramsey hat they had so little feel- in; for im as their master, tha‘. not above half a dozen of them would notice him when passing him, either in the factory or out of work hours. Contrast this in- difference wlth the familiarity of the old styls dependents! ffough‘ medicines usually cant-sin s largo quantity of plain syrup-a good llllredlont. but onosvbich you can eas- ily make in your own kitchen. Take 2 cup: of granulated sugar and 1 cup of water. and stir o. few moments until dissolved. No cooking! No trou- blal (Or you can use corn syrup or ~liquid honey. instead of sugalayrup.) ' Thonoget from your druggist 2% ounce: Pines. pour it into a 1e os. bottle. and fill up with your syrup. This give: you II ounces of really wlandld Ilediclno for bad winter dent!!! to be jealous, cantankerous. s...» swvm THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON - .... _ U _ “l PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS 0F INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALI. 0TH!” QIIKINQ m, NM...“ ,,,, w“, ,,,,,,,, ' I uu-aovssssm m anucsnon ‘ the some period, lord A1- mg, who first came into pl ' . g3 the invent,” o; ‘h, fined “n, PUQUC §PEAK|NG (Sgniof 5mg“) which tho Union Jack ha: boon oaoa: to tho Union non. ran his engineering works in a sort of patriarchal fashion. He strolled about his factory, talking l0 U16 111911. helming them in their work, or in their home troubles, and so on. Then came an official who got up an Engineer's Union and persuaded the men to go on strike. It was a long and bitter struggle in which both sides lost money. At length there was some sort of compromise and work was resumed, but 10rd Armstrong kept. strictly to the office after that, and appointed "bosses" and foreman to deal with the men. Tlhe old in- timacy was gone. just as it happen- ed with the Dcan‘s Scottish friend.) Summary of Weather for 1847 I am indebted to Mr. R. C. Pa:- ent. Superintendent of the Experi- mental Station. Charlottetown. for a oopy of the meteorological charts prepared by lVLr. Warren Au Burns, meteorologist. This is the second year of issue for iihese important charts, which. I take it, may be had on application to Mr. Parent. as above. The first sheet is a. Sum- mary of the Temperatures for i947, also the Monthly Averages, and Lho highest and lowest Tempera- tures recorded at the Station over a 4.7 year period. Sheet 2 is a. chart of the rainfall, while sheet 3 deals with the hours of sunshine; all of importance in an agricultur- al Province. Readers wlho are in possession of these charts will make them of even more interest by adding as a footnote, any remarks of their own observations dpring the period cov- ercd. I have kept a kind of diary of the weather for many years. (see the Note on Scottish Domes- tics). reminds me that many gad- gets, once indlspensablo at table. are now in the limbo of forgotten things. Salt, I recall, was peddlcd bout 1e inches ions. ltavlll! ends '1 or 8 inches square. By vigorous eereplng and, pounding the ser- vant provided sufficient flno salt to fill the salt-cellar. This was a small bowl, usually with feet. made of a silver-metal, and gilded ivithin. A silver spoon, with l small bowl, accompanied the salt- cellar as it passed from guest to guest-Jive dldn‘t have individual salt-spoons. A chemist in New- castle made his fortune. and inci- dentally drove the salt-cellar from the table. by adding s. chemical which kept the salt dry and free- flowiffi A “salt-siuaker" was in-l vented next and the old "cellar and salt-spoon disappeared. In my native County, it was said that "Butter guns fond (new 1001- ish) twice a year." a statement that will be readily understood here. For summer use we had a "butter-cooler." This was mado of white pottery. If one took a med- ium-sized dinner plate and a. flat- bottomed, upright-sided bowl, and cemented them together, tile bowl inside the plate. the result would be something after the style of the gooler, hastily. a similar bowl, 0! smaller diameter, but the some depth, was filled with butter, and placed inside the larger bowl. Tho space between the bowls was fili- ed with cold. spring water. Whli-‘h cooled the butter to some extent. I have been told that someiilung of the kind was fgrmerly in "59 he" but the information was very vague. If there was. it h“ 8°59 out of use as conivllalill’ l5 u" "cooler" dmcribed above. An English maaiwlne. "Country Ldfe," gave a print. lest veer. of an antique Butter-cooler which a collector lirsd bronchi from the U. S. A. It was in the form of an acorn, made of sheet metal. If"! was over afoot high. Intcmaily it was divided into two compart- merits by ‘a horizontal watertight partition. A reanovable call P9P‘ mitted the top compartment to be filled with broken ice, while I side door gave success tn tho but- to: in the lower com-Pmmfllt- Doubtleas it was an efficient cool- er. but rather lame 811d 011111153’- Lzastly, I recall tho "Cruet-stand" which stood in t/he centre of the dining table, years agol It WM I 5m," {my wit]. on upright handle in the centre. and a Blind-flu u‘ round its circumference. Inside "I! guard-rail stood ab: "cut-glass bot- ties with tail glass swviwrs- 0n“ was for vinegar, and the others for mustard. nearer. and other i=0"- dlmenta. There was one very acrid seasoning that nobody (I190 9W1"- it was "Nepaul pepper." B Rd M" variety of cayenne! Crueis. I be- lieve, are in uho- antique 01M! MW- "gen", the first syllable in mam’ Hebrew names means "son"- How_ to Makega Splendid Cough _S_y rup at Home it gives youtfourtlmes aamuch cough syrup for your money. Itlasts along time. never spoils. an children love it. _'l‘his is o. very effective, dependable, quick-acting cough medicine for tho whole family. Quickly, ‘you feel its penetrating effect in the air passages» Itloosens tho phlegm, ‘ the irri- tatedmombraneaand makesbreatnmg easy. You will be delighted with it: quick effect in clearing up coughs. Pine: la a special compound of pro- ven fng? ‘tents. in concentrated form. a well known reliable soothing scent for winter coughs. Money refunded if fi-sgaltmakosaraatsavln Jeqauaei ‘I: lave: M it doesn't please you in every way. 81:7 Ill:- onoy- ‘Io and a review it is most in-' teres . Table Gadget: ‘The mention of the salt-spoon from door to door, in blocks a-- (Senior Grades) A: teachers we play a most im- portant role in the development of the pupil's mind and character. Ono very important phase of edu- cation ls tho training of our boys and girls in the art of self ex- pression. There is a very great necessity for such s programme as this‘ in the schools. Too often have we witnessed meetings where one or two individuals have monopoliz- ed the entire psoce ‘lugs and lis- toned afterwards to ideas of oth- ers, which. Lf given expression at the proper time, might have prov- ed more sound and acceptable. The indifference of large parts of the General Public to national affairs has borne disastrous fruit in such countries as Franco and Italy, where Comsnunistlo minorities have wielded influence much out of pro- portion to their numbers, simply because many of the rank and file have failed to interest themselves in their country's problems. We can see, therefore, the need of an educated public. and this process of education should begin in the school, as the pupils of today are the citizens of tomorrow. How can Public speaking be car- ried out in the School? It can be accomplished in izwo ways namely as part and parcel of the daily programme or by setting aside s. limited amount of time each week for special treatment of the pupil's orator-lei powers. As regards to the ordinary school work, unconsciously. we are en- couraging Public speaking when we ask pupils questions. The re- suits will be much more effective, however, if we check on the man- ner in which replies are made keep- ing in mind such points as: ao- curacy. correct pronunciation and in particular the use of good Eng- lish by the pupil. Geography, History and Utera- turo are those sublacts which can be used most effectively in the development. oif selv-eiqpression in development of self-expression in any one oif these can be divided among the pupils so that each pupil might be able to speak on a separate phase of the topic for disousaiun. In mathematics the pupil is taught. to work an exor- cise. stop. by step. lill the logical solution is reached. ’I‘hls is very W: must not confuse "teaching" with "telling." Good teaching dose not mean that the pupil i: told ox- actly what to do with each prob- lem, but is shown how a similar situation would be dealt with 1n business; for example, in doing “profit and loss" the pupils should first ba engaged in a discussio of how merchants handle their buy- ing and selling and have thorn act- ually transact such business in the classroom. Not until this has been clone should the problems in the text be presented. Throughout all the work the situations should be made “real” and as many calcu- lations as possible done without using tholpancil. (3) It 1s most essential that. pup- ils read accurately and form com- plete pictures from the material given. Attempting to solve a prob- lem without first doing this ts surely going- to end in confusion. Ability to read with understanding is a most important factor in arith- meilc. (4) In solving problems, pupil: are aided greatly by jotting. down the different stops as they would occur in practice. We should urgc them to ask themselves: "What happened first? next? and after that?" and so on to tho com- pletion of tho reasoning. It i: im- portant also that the pupil imagine himaeiif one of the people in the deal so that he can say: . "Now what do I do in a situation like this?" When the operations are down in this way, the information given in the tent is fitted into the correct place or places, and the re- lation of one fact to another be- loomcs quite clear. (5) Lat us consider all the slips necessary in the solution of prob- llama They arc briefly (a) note what is given. (b) ascertain what is required in be found. (c) jot down operations as they occur. (d) fit in information given. (eYdetcnnino how information given can be used to find the ro- quircd answer. STORY Story-telling is an artus old as time. There are very few chil- dren who do not find delight in a well-told story. Many people seam to have the erroneous idea that story-telling in school is a waste of time. But a wail-told or well-read story does much towards getting a pupil interested in read- ing for himself. _ All stories selected should be beautifully cisproued in thought and language. Anything that is coarse or vulgar has no place in the classroom. Pupils should be encouraged to find other versions of stories told by the teacher. 1n this way the ckildb 0W1’! field of reading is broadened. Children love to hear the same story many times. After a chilcl ha: become well acquainted with the details and expressions in a story he should bo permitted to tell the tale to the class. Youna children are born actors. With very little assistan from the teacher thqv will find pleasure and learn much by dramatlzing a well- knmvnatory ' Iuptls also reproduce stor- importasit in publlo peaking a: a qieeolnwhloh i: not , , .1 6o- veloped point by point, lacks meaning and forcefulneas. Plays. either taken from or in conjunc- tio with literature. as: excel- len channel: through which prac- tise may be had in pronuncia- atlon and in particular voio: 1::- flection. Thus the ordinary daily routine of school work can be used quite readily for self-expres- sion by the pupil. Most schools hav: Junior Rad Cmss activities of on: form or an- other. Tho ordinary meeting of tho Junior Red Cross Branch oan be devoted quite often to Public Speaking purposes. Such a meet- ing of itself provide: training in secretarial work", give: much prac- tise as regards to the making of motions. allow: much room for dl:-' cussion and is an excellent medium through which pupils may learn the duties of a chairman. Quite of- ten, however. tho meeting can be fully employed for Public Speaking alone, each pupil having previously been told that he or she may speak for a minute or so on some topic of their own choosing. After each pllipll has been given an opportun- ity to speak at least once, debate: could be begun, to develop oven further the oratorial powers, with the pupils again being allowed to choose their own topic. The teach- er's role is to supervise such s. pro- gramme, and in particular to cor- rect any defects which good speak- ers avoid. Some of those common mistakes are. Speaking too fast or in too low a tone, pronouncing words‘ indistinctly. Lack of proper voice inflection. and such nervous tendencies as gazing at the floor or ceiling or continuous moving of the hands or feet. If we, s: teaohars, encourage in every way Public speaking in our schools. we are educating our boys and girls to become healthy citizen: and our leaders of tomorrow. By writing to tho Byorson Prose. Throniio, teachers may procure an excellent pamphlet entitled "The conduct of a meeting." This can be used to great advantage in your class so that; the pupil: may know how in carry out proparly their responsibilities when a moot- ing takes place either in or outside the school. OBSERVATIONS ON COMMERCIAL TARITIWETIC (Continued) (f) estimate tbs ... (g) proceed with tho solution. (h) check the work. Work should be arranged in an orderly fashion and every part of the solution labelled when‘ it is found. f6) Of courao there i: little use in the pupil knowing how to doa problem if he cannot handle the actual figures involved. If the simple fundamental operation: are thoroughly mastered. in tho early grades, there wil1 bo fewer failure: in senior grade arithmetic. Pupils should be taught to oalculaio with accuracy and speed. Remember that in teaching arithmetic well we are teaching our pupils alertness, logical reasoning, economical use of time, persever- ance and. the will to tackle new situations with confidence. Those will be invaluable to them in laun- years. _ Our al.m_ahould be to fuel: alm- ple arithmetic and in teach it well. ‘ Arithmetic should not. be used in fih in as seat. work or as a pun- ishment for misconduct. a Less time went. by pupil: in working problems and more teach- ing devoted to this subject will -give more satisfactory results. In the lower grades it is best tn spend more time reading for content and less time on working sums. To those pupils who have a. wrong conception of arithmetic we can offer g new approach to the sub- ject in the hope that we shall be able to give it meaning for them. When we make it possible for our pupils to experience the thrill nf 1' accomplishment derived from get- ting the correct solution after struggling with a problem, we have set the-in-on the right road and they will no longer be content to let. the teacher do the thinking for them. These are onlygom: of the un- derlying causes of unsatisfactory handling of arithmetic and a few hints that may help in solving them, but it is hoped that these observations will provoke thought and discussion on this subject. TELLING ies in their ogwn original drawings or piasticinc work. There is a pienteous supply of ' good stories to be secured through tho Public Library. No teacher need be mt a loss to find suitable tales for her pupils. Symbol of mph-e is the Union Jack, historic emblem of Greater Britain. The diagrams show the national jacks of the British Isles and the development of the U - ion Jack. ' The wood "Jack" is derived from the "iacque" or surooat worn by the crusaders of the Middle Ages in their campaigns to rescue Jar- usoiem and the Holy Land from the rule of tho Mohammedan. These warrior pilgrims recruited from many countries wore crosses of different shapes and siaes on their wh-ffo suscoats to lndicaae their nationality and the sacred cause in which they were engaged. ‘The English crusader: wore upon their Jacques tho red cross of 5t. George patron aafnt of lligland, which in time became knwm a: the ‘English Jack" (top loft) and accepted as the national standard. ‘m: groundnut, tbcalho I ‘commonly oallad. mad: up i: the “Ilngliii Jack" o: Qdaosgokuoaaasitlsaiora on thf: l: tho “Scotch Jack” of 8t. Andrew’: cross (top right) banner of the patron saint of Scotland, which is a diagonal cross of whit: on a blue baclqround. Th: use of these national stand- ard: by vessels on thahigh seas was well established when the un- ion of the crown: of Scotland and England by the accession of James in i808 brought up the question of a national flag that would not oflfor an affront to tho patron saint of either country. James solved the mattAr by authorising tiwo flags. tho “union flsg" consisting stating of the two jacks to be. flown from the ' mast. of any British vessel and the national jaokofiihaoountrytobeflown from the foremost. Th: acceptance of the Union Jack as the national flag place in 1'10’! when the parliaments of Scotland and England were at length brought together in tion was issued creating Jack" the national flag of both _oount.ries and the red ensign with the Union Jack in the upper cor- ner to be used on all British ves- sels. Tha jack of the reign" of Anne differed somewhat from that of Jame: by the enlargement of the white border surrounding the st. George's crois. It was in tho of George 1'11, in 180i, that the cross of St. Patrick representing the patron saint of Irelancbwas added to the Union Jack. This flag consists of a disg- onaJ cross in red on a white background. In adding this new took ' the ' reign of Queen Anne. A pfoClBma-' “Our , Jack tho flag makers. with the authority of the parliament, pre- pared strict radiations, concern- ing the also, shape and width of the crosses forming ids: flag, and in splto of periodic outburst: from individuals on points of heraldic detail: these definitions have never been altered and are retained in the Admiralty relulotioo: of the prcsen day. . . - wr This Department I: eon- dnotcd b the Prince Edward Island l, “ ' Federation. Contribution: are welcomed and should be addrtflad to Mlllar Maolfadyl 8 1-2 Fel- ling St. Charlotte own. ell/K DOES ms TRICK/ Y” 3 Charles E. Worth, Charlottetown Pliono BZS-l, 1-1- Elnser Waugh. Wilmot Valley WbsstonWJJunh, Alba-ton C. B. 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