1907- ‘
.,._F __s -  'rHec1rai<corr1i~rowN=ousReiaN<  __
.. ` .. _ _ y race stirs
_I
i
us,
N _New *York state 22,000:-women arg
b,WJl "-m""'§i¢ 'wvlldrrrfuluzntidote for
‘. itrudgery.
_ ~_Th y are wives and daughters of farmers,
qtiililhdy f0Ym llld biggest w0man's club in the
world,” with one exception-40-ver in Canada
130,¢?0O.w0m¢n are doing the isame thing.
i Ndtvhere is the ordinaysdrudgery of wo-
sntllifl’ ,w0rk'so galling an oppressive as on
the fatiiyl, It is about the ordy companion/ of
tilting' iiiéthen during the day. `
~ _‘L . 0 these 2_2,000 farm women of New
Dfork have organized themsdloes inlo a gigan-
‘tis club to get a strangle hoild an the demon
fqliiidfcry. _'Wa' propose no- longer to do un-
nidéss" 'y ¢i.ior_k," they declare; "we are going
id 'oitllivate ourselves, _to study closely those
:objects touching the homo life, and to evjqv
oltffdllt of pleasant s°ocialiinteroourse." -
__ H f
E Tilgiliis way:
 years ago a reading course for the wivssltend
‘ daughter! of farmers was skirted by the New
- ‘York Btsts College of Agriculture at Cornell Unl-
'\ _ .fv_¢l'lit7. '
.Thll.Lil__!Vl1B_t bas grown intovthc present.. club of
ll,|U'U iiléihbsrl. In every paa‘t`iJf the atato the mem-`
bership extends.
While the general course of reading ls theisame for
all, the various-local sections may a.rrenge,pi-ograms
0! their own for their roguler wccklv or'bl-wreekiy
meetings-held from middle inlli to spring.
Topics range from the destruction of fleas to tha
making of lsllics; from tho artistic decoration of the
homo to the nutritive values of foods; from studies ci
picturcs of Psycho and statues of Diana tw considera-
tions of the dangers ot bacteria in improper methods
ot dusting.
And the club is s success. A huge success. Just
ll the lrlen learn what to fscd and how to care for
their cattle at the farmers' institutes, so thc women
lssrn how to cars for the home .und what 1° cook
for their. families,
"Ws're not only going to learn how to cook. how-
ever, but what to read." the women declare. "We're
not only going to learn how to miss chickens and
smbrolder and make extra money 0" ills fllfm. but
1vs’re going to study art and thotgreat masterpieces
of famous painters."
Now. were you to take ti peep into the village
schoolhouse near Williamsville, an the road from Buf-
falo. some evenlnB \l1lB full- ¥0u'll P*°ll1ll’lY l'°¢°l‘/°
quite A surprise.
' 1'\~i¢1-Auld Igng Byna Reading~ Club ls. one of tha
oldsst oi, its kind in New York. It WHS 1011110011 lil
1509. 'Rho lender then was tho school tonchcr, and
ttis members were former pupils who had missed frllln
school into hustling everyday llf°-
'rhey decided to continue their studies, and today
the club is one of the banner organizations taking
the Cornell reading course.
Suppose we take a peep at one of the (ali meetings.
The president makes an address, bright and witty. and
than s member talks on now me summer vs¢°11°r1
Iss spent. Then current events are discussed. _
if. wma RANGE or SUBJECTS
lliiipposs we drop in at the nest mzeiing-there is
,¢, tails on baking, and a history ot the Niagara. from
hits to lake. is read.
At the next meeting there is an interesting paper
oii Longfellow and a readini! °f "'l`l1° M“Y"°W‘“"'
fqqlengara." “Hownnd When to Rest" is a vital sub-
3`t"ci`_“t't the neat meeting, and there is an open dis-
' Q5", an owing gg Do When Unexpected Company
¢"l. 
_ 0 Ol
wh” _||_m°|¢ pleasant is the social spirit which
prsvaila. At the close of even' m°°¢l1'1ll` "'° "‘°"“’"°
psn srouac the room .basins hwds Will* °“° ““'
otlisr, all singing: - ---~ -
1 . srs's s hsnd. m ilrllliztv ¢"l°°5» _J 
. I i .
i | I \ ll 1
fl ‘1 .'l.5:'*"i:.:3i“`i-l‘ii~.li.':“if::':' l*
ii" in Canada womsnu institutes have been in "lst-
lneil for sightvysarl. The organisation in New York
I vu sums shout nvs vars °¢°~ 'l`*1° ““‘“‘°"" 
tutes my msn had been in existance tor more
twsnty~dve years,
not this worn aio not so siosslv ¢=Lu°\;"t'l;: 11:;
:takin ng", wi? not ap institute for i s
a _t of tha srniers '
_ “mot tall thsm what to read. what boplks woxld
. %¢‘,.“ mnm. img;-to save work and ut so I9
oliifshto their bsnsllxux ol-“nisstions among the
wo&tt oznthrltlistnslr oountrr 4ll\l‘l°\|l' 1-W7? W;
bring about sn ora or snisrtsinmsnt. sosisl ll o so
eil ui: “‘°““'::;'3::'nsiisssls(snd Urs. Heian Wells.
0| ' ‘ ",,.g¢, gt_,ths farmers’ institutss.
stlisgitess, stations. Frank nsvlsy. oirwtor 0! AN
cariiisss' ts, invited tml-its M-11° 0 °°"'°°
si institute msstlnrl in. 01° Ni*--1 ‘ ~
lqrs ws ssnt _out from Cornell is all tsrtasrs
“Nl the losdlha oourss. asking il1°"‘ ".'"‘°"' '"°°
vs _ ,s¢,,msi»sass in s mains cwrw vi ¢11~11‘ °‘5&
rs. mms. si iss we when frm vw" l
ls. ffl. they would. ` u' “°_
sssrmv brass-1°* lt "°' ‘ ',",_
' “7l’tl-°I:il'...~f.:.?‘;.i:~:.',ft.:f;;2.;:=°==--» --
wk
/of/0/3'
-/.eff/vi/'.4
g _-..,-.__ _.._.,. __
:*;f::r“1::;\¢d\l=e (Redding or. the lists. lines vim ne,.,_
wma-and “kia  1; Olllhzd the membership. then
to renew th a w o wl_s ed to contiiliss ti-in gem-5,,
eir applications,
ineihojniid, and the number rose to 22,090, 1; is ,tm
Ynr'f(h:;;<;mb,;r`sa are confined to women living in New
Damnmcts .ns d courses of instructions are given' in
The ,neighborse d"ll°l1;l1lY from Novembcr to March.
0' _‘mm tm ‘onine u s are for districts or 5 |-i1.||u5
mwungs are gl i cen miles. Throughout the winter
1' “lil "Very two weeks at homes of the
nmigbers when the current subipots ara ¢|s¢u"ed_
ms c1;1;1;1'ucieB 2 feature ot the rneotinss. Naturally,
,B ,ha rul “th° °' "‘°"B l,“\V.P¥ Bbvlal atmosphere. It
cream bm; atda hcstoss shall supply‘tes, sugar,
Holes.” lou; anwlpotatoes and the Silents other ar.
evemhss th . mn the meetings are held in thc
8 farmers ns well its thc wives and dangli-
ters attend. .
.. _
on ‘iso 5:51115 to bolone of the tendencies ot our ago.
tu mv ‘}"‘“m“' “'01 M lnxtho city. to ii-sin cnililrun
van Roassec; e rnther than remain ivn¢\,it,"' sum Mi-5
‘G h nor, recently. illrls are trained to becomo
11° UH- Hfenoirrllvlwrs or for one of the professions.
Why sho\lldn’t our girls bo`tralnod for homekneporu..
WhY Iwi. linca home is woll'iah's realm. her truo
domain? ' ‘ .
Discussion Is s'r1MuL/rrsn » '
.. _- ~ »
me Alijignso we are dining it lnANew York," continiiéd
b Y _ B' woman. Wlthlther pamphlets, which em:
"U8 UVEYY f0Dio of interest. we send out discussion
D9-Dore. On these. thc readers are roquestedto give
their ideas on various topics, and relate their ex-
V°"l°“°°9- Wll°“ they dosire further information on
UW Subject we send it to them." ,
The variety of topics _treated in the pamphlets
la fl1ll‘lY Dmnllllgl These are discussed ut the ment-
lfils of the various clubs.
One of the earliest topics was, .l‘Savlng Steps." l‘t
¢°°1¢ up the o_uc_stlon_ot now s nousewirsicouiii con-
serve her stroa|th'“'ond'~p`revent s.‘w‘ast"o"”"c`i cifort. "
I“5¢°“d Of Uillll! 1° H10 Dump. Suggestions ivero
1110119 f°r brlnslna water into the kitchen; instead or
¢8l’1'¥l118 lllsllivater from thc kitchen, it was explained
.h;\;‘a tile drain could be run from the sink at a cost
0 .
A window cupboard, one of the suggestions 'for
winter, consisted of e drygoods box outside u window.
Ily keeping food ln this lt was explained tllnt ii hniisio.
wife need not go to the collar so oftcii. A coiiipztrt
und clover arrangement or utensils was suggcstod,
and various kitchen oonvonlenoes explained.
Naturally. the subject of nutrition came in for a
good deal of attention. What shall a wife food l.cr
husband and children? is surely s. :nrro important
question than What shall a man food his horses and
pigs? Yet until the womon's clubs took lt up, few
women paid any nttsntion _to the matter.
From discussion on the relative value of foods the
housewives learned what to feed children and various
foods required by persons undertaking various occu-
pations, . .
They learned tha value of the elements of food.
of protein, fats, carbohydrates. They were instructed
in ihn proportion of these clelnents ln various food:-.
Thorn were discussions on what to p-it in tha lunch
boxes of the men and children.
Many of the clubs subscribed to traveling libraries
sent out from the state library. Books on home eco-
nomics, biography, ilotlon and poetry wen, included,
and were secured at a raio of 10 for $1, 25 for $2.
1
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,_.
isa;
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A _ --.t
_ ..a.~»v
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50 for $3 and so on ` `
The discussions also took up the canning n.nd pra-
.scrvlng of fruits; the dangers of sending dangerous
bacteria into dough and Jellies by injudlclous dusting:
how to rid houses of ilcus, roachcs and bodllugs and
the ilcccrutloii of the liomcs.
'l`licru were literary evenings. and evenings do-
votod tu art. when fiimuus pictures w-.-is studied and
discussed. Tlio aiibjccl. oi' inrlil industries. thc rais-
ing of chickens und liquabr, the kcoplng of dairies.
tho caring for hoes and weaving were taken up. :ind
women were tnld llnw to make money ln their spare
hours.
"1 rccelm many lnici'c.\iting letters," said Miss Van
Rcnnselucr. "Sometimes they come as personal let-
7`/fey/tilpe fa
- ;___ Q-s
_ _J `
*é
xt ‘
x il
Jack /l’ur.rI'
dchoalt "
__\ i
ters. but oftener as nn-
sv.-crs to tho questions on
thu discussion papers.
"Letters on homo indus-
irigs were particularly sut-
lsfnciory, Ono farmcr's wllo
rniilws “wird mcncy by
liiilcliluii chliskciis in licr ln-
ciiiuilur :it 31/z C1’\)~" fi"
rv-‘ry viill-kcii iivoiiiy-fu'.ir
im-_.rs old. one w~-f\\'\~e
rug.; and receives T5 cent-S K0
$1.50 apiece.
"One has o. greenhouse
and rnlscs winter vegeta-
bivs; sonic misc llvriisi iind
otlll-rs imikc extra nioiwl’
by knitting and cmbroiilcry.
The school is a subject of viral inlcrcst to U10 Wvlflen
of the clubs, How to be-nuilri' 1h" S"l“"’l- ""9\“"" nm
interior and moke it plunsnnt is a lUlllC 0f 1lI1f€\llll1§
interest..
Trtivellng ihrougli New York stair, n sirnn,':~‘r ln'-lrlll
be surprliuul iii ilu; ziilniv- r il l\l`:'.'ll1lY l'~1U\‘\"l ’*"""ll‘
lio\:_¢-. lu miiuy pinot-.~i ind lu- . .cs liars- li ru ii-ui -'_' l-~,l.
(lov ~-'i pl:~..lt-:il ncur thc ilu...l:\:-1; :|.u.l nuts i»l.|i.iiril
along lin- i-tides.
All tlio work of thosu \\».'. :<-ws clubs.
As often as posslblf- mu' i, Alu i.l'|i\‘r l~"711f\‘1‘>\
are .Sant from 3;.-in-li iii iilxtiwssi int- ini-uilu-r.~x ui
various clubs at tliclr inv»~ili;.;'-
A srrrlcs of \voincn's il1ii‘.t.\i~s are iiriil 1-:ich frtll
_ \
NEW uso has been found for the humble
corncob and tho pile of ctraiv in ilcld or
baruyard.
Experiment has revealed a method of
transforming tbo corncob into a colio that is hot-
terlby far than that obtained from Pennsylvania
cos .
The straw pile and the cornstalk have been
found to possws more gas-producing power than
the celebrated Yoiighloghcny or Pitts urg gee coal,
used the country over as s source of supply for
illuminauts.
cnmvebaitn chemist. snsirsc by wsaiiiiy sust-
A ern capitalists and operating tin experimental
plant at Beatrice, Nob.. has proved the com-
mercial value of sn invention of J. Russdll
Coutta. As a result. the _problem of getting cheep
gas in a rogion hundreds of mils's from oosi' mines
has been praotiosllylsolved. _ , ` I
The plant nt Boatrics manufactures and soils gas
at ll.ll adhousarldfftet. vl>revlovus'_t_o its e_i_i`ti‘¥» (ss
brought ss a thousan§ lest. There, pro a, hua¢i_red or
more cities in the lrain_ belt._betwssn_t_he, Oulfqaynid
clinics, qriei-¢_sin_illqr'rsauot|sns ,in rss wiiifioliow
the introduction oi til? new process. .‘,»-
it was Mr. Couttsj ltnate _lovstjsi svaioiipre that in-
aii-istiy isa bim to sis s what rss msn say is esrisin
tc revolutioniss the inpustry in _tiiosq ssctlqns remote
from the gas ooal supply. and sdjaoentvtoztlis wheat
and oorn belt. _, _,i _, ~. -r.; 1 - .
aomstiiina. avor‘s_!isi-,ago lsr. Gqutts was visiting.
:. ".1-"&°, "1 €:2.‘..‘i"i' l€‘ti‘.‘.~'ll~.’2.".' “.i"?"-" “".’i‘l:.‘5.’;
e s us _ ‘ , ._ V
of straw that rsmgi ȤhMi'-nt ukitiwzsluatided
the sxpsnsscfii had Yislilliisl " § _P“"f‘oilow_ed
'M u“) ¢ I ‘ui -i, .~~¢.. _ _ . _
t M mn Tas* tilefjobe lighiiii tlis\atr~v4
sisrff eiiizrviiir pg#  ¢m;-}:.,,sbi:;r2_
st_iiem_ -1 9  , 
=.;°g.*o'sr. ci.:  
. urns.. .-  

,_
The more he thought about it and tho more he
experimented the more ovldent it became that ho had
found something \'nluiilil<i.' Doing such a simple propo-
sition, hcwevcr. he fcnrod that possiblv it wus' an`old
idea. abandoned he-fore his day.
Business railed lilm to England within n short
time, and there he put in scvcrril months delving in
the ,scientific libraries of Oxford and Cambridge.
Thorp. t_he grcat English chemist. to whom he made
known his mission, assured him that it was something
l'l0W.`
Returning to America. ,bo consulted with Dr. Chand-
ler. of Columbia, one of the greatest agricultural
chemists. Chsndicr deolared`c.t once that Coutts had
hit u;pon something valuable, and in his enthusiasm be
aided in making elaborate laboratory tests. They
proved to be successful.
Hr. Coutts lsid _before capitalists of Clcvclahd his
discoveries. They 'tested li in a suburban gas plant with
wonderful success. Then _they gave him 1100.000. and told
him to make an experiment upon a large scale. and
undsr.suoh conditions as would prove or disprove its
coininertxial value. . _ ‘
llanifsstly, ss straw. oops and cornstslks were to
be _employed as fuel, it was advisable to get into the
oeritsr of the grain belt, This led to ths selection of
Nebraska as the scene ofoxperlment.
cos'r Nucl-i Lass THAN coal; _'
In the middle West it costs in the neighborhood
oi b or ll. s -ton tor gas coal. The cabs and straw
froth which the new gas is made can be secured for
from I0 to 40 cents a ton. Host oi this material _la
iila_ hi. farmers ss refuse. ind the gteltsr, portion
at is burned simply to get it out ot the was- Kr.
Gout 'ssys.tnsi in gh. lu-s`ns-Mississippi region mill-
ioi_i .of toni go up irl smoke that might Just ss well
be ,tilrnsd into_gss. _ . _ .
tlramineous gas is the soisntiilc iisms for the proa-
usg In common psrisnss. it is oorn gas. Th proeqs
di utaotnre is simplh. Prsdtloslfy the as s,spps-
asisussdtorordlnarygaa-makingm _
35
ill..
5
23%
his
cg
été,
ti? ‘
and Gas From Corn Co .
been discontinued.
VVhcn the reioris get wcll hcritcd the gas is thrown
off, collected, purliled and placed in reservoirs or
holders.
Thirty por oent. of the original weight of tho
sti-nw, cabs or stalks rcmnliis r.i'tr‘r tho gas is extract-
tlil. and this is us(-il io hoist tho bench:-c or food thc
bollura. This is about onough raw material io mako
the process self-containing, and eliminates any neces-
sity fur coal.
Tha original material is easily precurnblc. Within
ri radius ol twenty-ilve miles, ln tho grain bolt. there
in cnnugii of it ready nt liniid to supply n half million
or inure fact of gas ii day. A ton of the cabs or straw
will prof) ice 15.000 cubic fcct of gas. A ton of Pitts-
burg coal can elle' out but 10,000 fret.
In heiiting_power the corn gas runs as high as
000 British thermal units without enrichment, while
ordinary gas is a_bundrcd units less. The new gns
can be produced, if the inventors arc to be believed,
at a cost that will mnko it possible to control tho
industry within reasonable distance of the cob and
straw supply.
ln truth. they could sell gas for 50 cents a thou-
sand, and muks all kinds of money. The cost is al-
most as low as natural gas whore tho latter has to be
piped any considerable distance.
Wheat in the Wost is now vcry generally thrcshed
out in' the open. The threshcr goes out to the ilsld.
along with the_ reaper. and separates the Brain from
the ohaif. right on the spot. The straw is tossed ol to
one side In big piles by ii. column of air. operated
through s ataoltsr pips. _
Under the new process the gas compsny's bslsr will
como along. compress tile straw into small halos, and
matic it roady for the farmer to haul to town and get
his money. Twenty tons of it can be put in the osdl-
nary csr. so effective is the ballng process.
Owners at tlig Coutts patents have secured fran-
chises for gas plants in vrstsrn Canada and the *Dv
total in a doses or,mon cities. Ther propose to sroot_
othsrslustsstastsstbsroan.
¢hay~ootaol|asan\thst,tbs11liltnso|urs¢saii
ci olnsp illuminating gas' he the wsst. but that
can supply it for powsr and fuel purposes so
ly ss to mah the sompstition ot gasoline. and
impotent or_impossibi\.- ....1
E32’
ded /7¢*/rmer 5)/J/rdjye
under the direction of tho New York State Depart-
ment of Agriculture und.tho New York State College
oi' Agriculture nt Cornell Unii/ei'sity.' lnstlfutss have
been held at Akron, Erie county; Webster, Monroe
county; Hannibal, Oswego county; Clifton Park, Sara-
toga county. und Iihlnclic-ck, Dutchess county. At the
institute; ihuro arc musical entertainments, the road-
lng of papers and i-xiiliiltions of home work.
Those- .-xliiititions inciuilc embroidery, painting,
czinrllcil fruit, rugs, hed quilts. sofa cushions, house
plants, etc. At Clifton Park there were siirty-seven
cntrlca, and tiils. despite tho fact that no prizes were
oilrrod.
COURSE IN HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE
Besides this, n winter course in home economics
has been pri-pared lil tho extension oepsrtment at
Corin-ll University, For several yours the College of
Agriculiuri- providcrl a \ ‘ r course for men.
In i -.'. ii i~|_-=ir.<i» for women was prepared. The
i-iiul.» . . s iii Jriiiviury null ends in March. Tuition
is ir- V- tu .il 1-»..1-lvzii. ui Ni~\\' York stain. The course
i:~.fli|-If 1- :~i-i'iri~ .ui piuiililuiil pliyislulogv and personal
l.~,n ~ . ‘ ;~, ~id1- cr lxiilndry work. house-
lu . ,'iii~i".»'. v .- and cuukliilz, household art
ui 1 1 - i.». vm” . i ui--ul rind farm iinmc industries.
‘;1. ~. 1 1 i \ .mi ii-uvlicrs of domestic science
lu i .  .\i' wit-d to irivo the lcctures.
“ li ‘_ =» ~ u r.-lin have tnkou this course,"
.iii-4,. 1 ' i ,_ i:i~n~',-ciiicr, "have proved thum-
s.<“l.is .»nr.i. ., ‘_\ \‘.ilu.iliio in organizing and directing
study violin 1,1 1.- ii' iirighlwrlioods. It seems wonfleriul
how mu'-li u -.-.unuiu r.-im lmrn in ii, few weeks."
lu Ontario. Pun.. uloiir, thorn ara G00 women insti-
tuics. Tliry im-f-l oiict-_ it month and also hold most
iinpiiriunt lixiiiuiii iucotinigs. The women at the head
of thu Ni-w \'|»rk organization declare that they will.
eurpliss (`:\ni\du ln u short time.
Thi- lu-iir-fit which women dcrlvc from theso clubs
is lili-iilciiliil\li-. Indi-cd. one can hardly imagine how
danr tlirso sei-itil meetings. must bo to woman. how
they must delight in the exchange ot recipes and ex~
porlr~iiccs_
"Na money that Canada, has over expended on
agriculture lins brought such large returns as that
spent on thc \'/onlcn's institui1.'.e," declared the deputy
minisicr of aifrlculturo at a recent meeting of the
womcn's institute hold in Guelph, "bocnusc when we
cducato tho mothers we havd educated the whole (sms:
ily of children." "
“Geiitlcmen Art Dealers”
ARGE fortunes have been mado in recent years byl
the "gcnilcmcn art dealers." who have become
I4 more of ii ieaturo of London life than American
millionaires who have been their patrons hiivv'
rcnlised. '
There is nothing cf tho shop or bargain o0\lhl¢I~
nbout those exclusive establishments, Without an intron'
duction, no ona could get into them.
Nsvcrthclcss_ they are strictly business propositions;
A rich American ls invited to dinner st dna oi these
houses. Everything ls of the oldest and bolt. And. in
the most dcllcntc manner possible, hs ls mills to llhilvr-
stand that ho can buy whatever he admires-ohinm paint.
ings or rare old mahogany furniture.
Wherever there is a sale of old nrt objects, these
"gentlemen dealers" an represented. They psy big
prices, but they get still bigger ones.
Occasionally the “gentleman denier" does not rent is*
big house. l-Ie tnkoa an exclusive apartment, big enough
to display his wares without orientation.
Bomstlmes the visitor is so charmed with the appear-
ance of the dat that he buys the furnishings entire. 4
In one instance s. “gentleman doslr" had arrengetlf
three dinner psrtios tor succeeding evening; The iiret
gaost bought out the fiat. Bo did tha second. Likewise
the third. Only by the hardest kind ol work and sn'
arm-y ot ssrvsnts vu it possible io rent the ilsi in s osy.
In all siich cease the purohsisl' ts well protected from
hand Nona ot the *gentleman dealers" would risk his
rwti\sttoasailiagqestassad&ds. bums osss
of Ur. Onset. at Bioorssoury. and Bed! Dlalsioss ot
Gower strod, who made his fortunes, the dealers must be
sbrewd con;-lsnurs. upon rt Q 't la next to impossibly
to imposs, ~~-~-- '-
_ ,__-_..,.~...~..,-...i
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