DEX
      from
     
     
      page
      5
     
    
   
   
    
     
      pornography
      is
      seen
      as
      an
     
     
      extreme
      form
      of
      violence
     
     
      against
      women.
      But
      there
     
     
      are
      also
      those
      who
      see
     
     
      recreational
      -—
      and
     
     
      commercial
      —
      sex
      as
     
     
      [liberating]
      for
      women.
     
     
      When
      challenged
     
     
      by
      a
      fellow
      feminist,
      Chapkis
     
     
      was
      “forced
      to
      take
      a
     
     
      position
      on
      Sex,
     
     
      pornography
      and
      s/m.”
     
     
      “As
      feminists,”
     
     
      Chapkis
      said,
      “we
      often
     
     
      thought
      that
      sex
      had
      been
     
     
      so
      brutal
      for
      some
      women.
     
    
   
   
    
     
      Sex
      was
      seen
      as
     
     
      dangerous.”
     
     
      “There
      isa
      vision
      of
     
    
   
   
    
     
      sex
      that
      is
      about
      long
      term
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      “The
      queerer
      |
      became,
      the
      more
     
    
   
   
    
     
      and
      worked
      with
      numerous
     
     
      sex
      workers
      along
      with
     
     
      others
      concerned
      with
      the
     
     
      practice
      of
      commercial
      sex.
     
    

    
     
      There...
      tai.
      fa
     
     
      complicated
      relationship
     
     
      between
      sex
      workers
      and
     
     
      researchers,
      Chapkis
      said
     
     
      describing
      her
      research.
     
     
      The
      popular
      impression
      is
     
     
      that
      researchers
      use
      their
     
     
      (sex
      worker’s)
      stories,
      get
     
     
      Ph.Ds,
      and
      write
      books
     
     
      about
      them.
      In
      some
      way,
     
     
      Chapkis
      admits
      that
      this
      is
     
     
      true,
      but
      insists
      that
     
     
      researchers
      only
      get
      a
     
     
      version
      of
      the
      truth
      from
     
     
      these
      women
      who
      may
      feel
     
     
      like
      they
      have
      to
      glorify
      their
     
     
      profession.
     
    

    
     
      Chapkis
      is
     
     
      confident
      she
      was
      successful
     
    
   
   
    
     
      |
      could
      indentify
      with
      the
     
    
   
   
    
     
      politicized
      whore.”
     
    
   
   
    
     
      intimacy.
      We
      are
      trying
      to
     
     
      protect
      that
      which
      is
     
     
      threatened
      by
      things
      like
     
     
      prostitution,”
      said
      Chapkis
     
     
      presenting
      the
      arguments
      of
     
     
      feminist
      who
      are
      opposed
     
     
      to
      prostitution
      and
     
     
      pornography.
     
    

    
     
      The
      material
      for
     
     
      Chapkis’s
      Live
      Sex
      Acts
      is
     
     
      derived
      from
      comparative
     
     
      _
      research
      conducted
      in
     
     
      northern
      California
     
     
      ‘communities
      such
      as
      Santa
     
     
      Cruz
      and
      San
      Francisco,
     
     
      and
      the
      Netherlands,
     
     
      primarily
      in
      Amsterdam.
     
     
      From
      1986
      to
      1995,
     
     
      Chapkis
      met,
      interviewed,
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      ical
      page
      G
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      have
      to
      resort
      to
     
     
      prostitution.”
     
    

    
     
      Nina
      Hartley,
      a
     
     
      porn
      star
      and
      a
      feminist
     
     
      working
      for
      better
      working
     
     
      conditions
      in
      the
      porn
     
     
      industry,
      was
      one
      of
      the
     
     
      women
      interviewed
      by
     
     
      Chapkis.
     
    

    
     
      Hartley
      does
      not
     
     
      like
      the
      fact
      that
      some
     
     
      women
      in
      the
      [pornography]
     
     
      business
      are
      only
      19
      or
      20,
     
     
      or
      not
      what
      she
      considers
     
     
      to
      be
      “together”
      enough
      for
     
     
      the
      work,
      but
      she
      knows
     
     
      that
      “a
      woman
      has
      got
      to
     
     
      do,
      what
      a
      woman
      has
      got
     
     
      to
      do,”
      as
      many
      women
     
     
      must
      resort
      to
      this
      business
     
     
      to
      make
      ends
      meet.
     
    

    
     
      Hartley
      has
     
     
      surprising
      views
      on
     
     
      pornography
      and
     
     
      prostitution.
     
    

    
     
      “When
      I
     
     
      first
      got
      into
     
     
      this
      business,
      I
     
     
      had
      lots
      of
     
     
      Vg
      Tab
      8
     
     
      ==
      judgements
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      in
      shedding
      some
      light
      on
     
     
      these
      women’s
      lives.
     
    

    
     
      “The
      queerer
      I
     
     
      became,
      the
      more
      I
      could
     
     
      indentify
      with
      the
     
     
      politicized
      whore,
      said
     
     
      Chapkis.“I
      knew
      what
      it
     
     
      was
      like
      to
      be
      singled
      out
      by
     
     
      stigma.”
     
    

    
     
      Chapkis
      admits
      to
     
     
      not
      having
      amonopoly
      on
     
     
      the
      truth
      and
      warns
      that
     
     
      other
      feminists
      on
      either
     
     
      sides
      of
      the
      debate
      make
     
     
      themselves
      stupid
      thinking
     
     
      that
      they
      do.
     
    

    
     
      “Weall
      wantsexual
     
     
      safety
      for
      women,”
      said
     
     
      Chapkis,
      “[but]
      we
      also
     
     
      want
      expansive
      opportunity
     
     
      for
      women
      so
      they
      do
      not
     
    
   
   
    
     
      about
      some
      of
     
     
      these
      women:
      they
      smoke,
     
     
      they
      drank,
      they
      didn’t
     
     
      wear
      their
      seatbelts,
      they
     
     
      didn’t
      eat
      their
      vegetables,
     
     
      and
      they
      didn’t
      finish
     
     
      school,”
      said
      Hartley.
     
    

    
     
      Despite
      her
      work,
     
     
      she
      said
      she
      did
      not
      really
     
     
      feel
      like
      a
      ‘bad
      girl’.
     
    

    
     
      “IT
      don’t
      even
      do
     
     
      porn
      out
      ofaneed
      to
      rebel,”
     
     
      said
      Hartley
     
    

    
     
      At
      heart,
      Hartley
     
     
      sees
      herselfas
      a
      ‘good
      girl’
     
     
      who
      wants
      to
      make
      the
     
     
      world
      a
      better
      place
      for
     
     
      everybody.
      “I
      want
      to
      end
     
     
      hunger,
      no
      more
      war,
      no
     
     
      more
      rape.
      I
      pay
      my
      taxes,
     
    
   
   
    
     
      DEX
      on
     
     
      page
      7
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
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