Progress of the War. 
     
     THE ARMIES IN THE CRIMEA. 
     
    

    
     ( From the Correspondent of the Times.) 
     
     (‘sap BKIORE SEIIASTOPOL, Tnesda , Nov. 2 ' 
     
     —-As it to mock us for our' self in icted misc‘ 
     
     ries of last year, the weather continues to pre- 
     
     sent the most delightful antithesis to the 
     
     storms and rains ot this time twclvcinonth. 
     
     How many lives, how many reputations might 
     
     have been saved, if the November ofl85-1 in the 
     
     Crimea had been at all like the same month in 
     
     this present year 3 U to the moment at which 
     
    

    
     I write, there has not iecn a day since last April 
     
     in which military operations could not have} 
     
     been undertaken. ‘ither last year was re-. 
     
     markable in the annals of the Ci-imc-.i for its‘ 
     
     severity, or we are enjoying a season of excep- l 
     
     tional mildness. The country is open in every 1 
     
     - direction to carriage, man, or lieast—tl~.c l 
     
     trenches are dry ; in fact, the weather presents ! 
     
     contrasts ol' endless varict to that which pi-c- ; 
     
    
   
   
    
     vailcd last year, and afliir s ground for infinite 4 
     
     Tliere is no reason. l 
     
    
   
   
    
     however, td’ suppose. that the English army< 
     
    
   
   
    
     speculation and comment. 
     
    
   
   
    
     would have had much reason to congratulate 
     
     itself on the la:-t, that the clemency of the sea- 
     
    
   
   
    
     exeessive l'ati;_ruc, and a false position would 
     
    
   
   
    
     Q 
     
    
   
   
    
     HA SZARD'S (i A 7. l'l'l"l‘ 1'2, 
     
    
   
   
    
     “ Eranceese’_’ comes over with his spoon, a' 
     
     Ulllllt-3. an onion, and a bit of salt, or savoury 
     
     condiment, to some supper or renadier, day 
     
    
   
   
    
     . liter day, about dinner ‘time, in ulges in pan- 
     
    
   
   
    
     tomimic conversation, interlarded with man 
     
    

    
     “bones,” and regales on good soup and broth,to 
     
     the great delight of his entertainer. Thus both 
     
     are satisfied—a true eutcnte cordiale is esta- 
     
     blished through the medium of the stomach, 
     
     and no one is a loser. The reinforcements to 
     
     our ally contain like our own many very young 
     
     men,aud I was particularly struck with the 
     
     yontliful appearance of the men of a regiment 
     
     which arrived at Kamiesch on Monday. There 
     
     is scarcely any use in keeping up an appear- 
     
     ance of a. diary, for one day is uncommonly 
     
     like another. Preparations for the winter are 
     
     evident on every side. December will be in- 
     
     augurated with a steeple-chase of English di- 
     
     nu-nsions, in stakes, jumps, and fences. The- 
     
     atriculs are looking up, and nearly every di- 
     
     vision will have a theatre open during the 
     
     Christmas week, and some daring spirits are 
     
     even tiilliitig ofa pantomime, and of assaying a 
     
     repetition of the hold experiment of an amateur 
     
     performance in Gay Faux, or a match for a 
     
     King, with which it is hoped the author will 
     
    
   
   
    
     ;not interfere by any question of cop right. 
     
    
   
   
    
     son had averted the evils which \\'a_nt ofroads, ;[m]ee,1, they-e w.,u1,1 be some dilficulty in fuig. 
     
    
   
   
    
     l 
     
    
   
   
    
     ing it in the Crimea, unless the provost 
     
    
   
   
    
     119-70 entailed l|p'~HI W011!» lnflslnucll 09 if 15 marshal considered the matter came under his 
     
    
   
   
    
     certain the bald we-atlier paralyzed the (‘m,'lIly,' 
     
    
   
   
    
     cut oil their reserves, impeded their trans ort of 
     
     food and of reinforcements, and prcvcntc their 
     
     making another attenipt——uot at liikermann, of 
     
     which they had to their cost learned the 
     
     strength, but from the Traktir bridge, or at 
     
     some other point of tlieTchcrnaya then in their 
     
     ossession, from which the could have e- 
     
     ouchcd into the plain of Balaklava. and made 
     
     a grand attack on the rear of our lines. Al- 
     
     though tho-e lines were greatly strengthened, 
     
     and the prolile altered and improved when the 
     
     rumours of the Russians gathering force to- 
     
     wards Baidar with the intention of assaiilting 
     
     us prevailed. they were far from being perfect 
     
     or unassailalile list November. We now learn 
     
     that the country between Teliongar, Perckop. 
     
     and Simpheropol was in such a state that it 
     
     was witi dificulty the garrison of Scliastopol 
     
     could be fed, and that strong reiiif-irccviients 
     
     were kept for weeks waiting at (hlessa, Nico- 
     
     ln.iefl', and Clicrson, till they could iiiarc‘.i into 
     
     the Crimea, and were tiually detained till the. 
     
     spring of this year. But for these impediments‘ 
     
     t'ie Russians would have liad a prodigious ar- ’ 
     
     my about Sebastopol this time twclveuionth or 
     
     early in December, and if they were indisposed 
     
     to try another Inkerinann, they could certainly 
     
     have pressed us much lixirder in the trenches 
     
     and tried our men by strong and repeated sor- 
     
     ties, to which as it now appears their hard 
     
     worked and exhausted g;tl'!‘lS0l't was not ade- 
     
     quate. At times it was dilticult to march even 
     
     a battalion from the army of the Bclbek or 
     
     Mackenzie’s Farm into the city or to elfect the 
     
     usual reliefs. If to these considerations be 
     
     added the notorious sentiments and opinions of 
     
     persons high in authority who advocated the 
     
     abandonment of the siege, and the retreat of 
     
     the army from the Crimea after the battle of 
     
     Inkermann, it will be seen that our‘prospscts 
     
     would not have been much better, ha weather 
     
     like that we now enjoy prevailed last winter. 
     
     As to future operations. it is not becoming in 
     
     me to speak, but the Russian general must be 
     
     a man of extraordinary confidence it‘ he thinks 
     
     he can extricate his arms. when the spring 
     
     comes, from the grasp of an enemy which al- 
     
     ready clutches tho whole of his coast. is esta- 
     
     blished at two points in his rear, and has four 
     
     distinot bases of o erstioas, with suflicient 
     
     forces to use them a 1, and to concentrate a 
     
     prodigious force on any point he pleases. He 
     
     may orr. and if he does, and the blot is hit, the 
     
     the result will be fatal. The Russian infantry, 
     
     in spite of its stubborn endurance and passive 
     
     courage, is not equal to either French, Sardi- 
     
     nian, English. or Turkish troops. Eve day 
     
     shows us that it has no chance a inst the attor 
     
     when they are led and otlicer b Englishmen 
     
     or brave and skilful European so diers. Their 
     
     cavalry in equal numbers will be ridden down 
     
     like grass, whenever they stand a ainst English 
     
     or French squadrons, and notwit standing the 
     
     excellence ot their artillery compared with other 
     
     arms of their service, it cannot compete 
     
     with cure ‘for an instant as re a_rds rapidity of 
     
     motion or ptecision of tire.‘ rincc Gortscha- 
     
     kofi' will be a grand strategist opposed _to very 
     
     weak generals, if he succeeds in saving his _ariny 
     
     and msrchin them scathclcss from the Crimea, 
     
     The health u our troops is excellent, the drafts 
     
     which arrive are rather younger than is desi- 
     
     rable. but they will get experience and in_stru«-- 
     
     tion dnr-in the winter. fliey are admirably 
     
     clothed 8: fed as no army was ever fed beforc 
     
     —fz5gh msdt, bread, and vpgctables are fre- 
     
     quent] issued to all. lie.-ace orth, the men are 
     
     angst fresh aunt only three times a week, and 
     
     bread oily roe me a week, instead 
     
     of 
     
     will 
     
    
   
   
    
     jurisdiction. which is very sharp. short, and 
     
     decisive. Some useful examples have been 
     
     made among the unruly in Bahiklava. Kadi- 
     
     koi. and camp, and refractory navvies and can- 
     
     teenmcn have been triocd up and had a dozen 
     
     or two, erc they knew who was doin it. The 
     
     agent or representative of a celebrate military 
     
     tailor in London was iiufortunaie enough to 
     
     engage in a personal controversy with one of 
     
     the provost inai-shal's serjeants some nights 
     
     ago, in liulaklava. and. having been dining out, 
     
     he was discreet and valorous enough to “let 
     
     fly with his left" on the otlicial’s frontispiece, 
     
     by way of bringing the affair to a satisfactory 
     
     termination. [ls was at once seized and carried 
     
     oil‘ to the main guard, where delin uents pass 
     
     the night in fear and trembling til they are 
     
     tied up for the attentions of the drummers in 
     
     the morning. In vain did he entreat the pre- 
     
     sidingjudge to send for various distinguished 
     
     clients to speak to character or bail him out; 
     
     in vain did he implore that Lord This or Gene- 
     
     ral That, whose intimate friend he was. might 
     
     be summoned. No etforts could avert ordolay 
     
     his doom ; he was tied up, when his turn came, 
     
     like the rest, and received “ two dozen" on the 
     
     back. The Highlanders are about getting up a 
     
     theatre also, but it would be a strain of the 
     
     most ardent friendship to go up to Kamara to 
     
     see an amateur performance, un esa the players 
     
     entertain the audience for the night, and the 
     
     general camp axiom certainly is, “ where I 
     
     dine I slec , and where I sleep, I breakfast." 
     
     Some peep e are talking of “ payment at the 
     
     doors" to go to purchase comforts for the sick, 
     
     but they really and trul are in want ofnothing 
     
     at present. The hospita kitchens are certainly 
     
     worth seeing, and M. S0 or has, by the intro- 
     
     duction of his stoves an of an improved sys- 
     
     tem of manage, contributed to render them elli- 
     
     cient. His stove would be still more valuable 
     
     if it roasted or baked, as well as boiled, but at 
     
     iresent, the last is the only operation to which 
     
     it is suited. and the old cam kettle did that as 
     
     well, always, however, wit a much greater 
     
     consuni tion and waste of fuel. In economis- 
     
     ing the atter scarce and most ex nsive article 
     
     by the introduction of stove M. yer has ren- 
     
     dered a caasidersdlc service. No article presc- 
     
     es more heavily on the resources of the commis- 
     
     sariat department, is more bulky and diflicult 
     
     of transit. more scarce, and mom expensive 
     
     than wood for fuel. 
     
    
   
   
    
       
     
    
   
   
    
     Racsr-rion or Gait. Caiuicnxar nr ‘l'EI.KIl0 or 
     
     Dlinunx—Gencral Canrobcrt was received in a 
     
     rivatc audience by the King of Denmark. The 
     
     ensral was taken to the palace in one of the 
     
     Court carriages, in which was M. de Moltkc 
     
     aide-do-camp of his Majesty. More than 
     
     persons assembled in the court of the hotel.and 
     
     cheered him as he entered the Royal carriges. 
     
     Thcli agdiplncc lasts: Igor half( aqhhppr. At5 
     
     o‘c cc t. c corp: ip matique wi _ e excep- 
     
     tion of the Russian Charge d'Afi‘aires). the 
     
     members of the Cabinet, the hi h dignitaries of 
     
     the Crown. the commanders of the army and 
     
     navy, and the most eminent functionaries were 
     
     invited to a banquet given in honour of the 
     
     General. General Canrobert sat next to the 
     
     King. In the middle oftlie repast the King, 
     
     who wore the insignia of the Legion of Honour, 
     
     proposed the health of his Majesty the Emper- 
     
     or and at the same time the music struck up 
     
     the national air, " Partaut pour la S firm". 
     
     the evening the General attended a all given 
     
     by the [iandgrave William, in honour of the 
     
     birth of his son. It. Dotczar presented the 
     
     Amliassabor Extraordinary of the Em ror to 
     
     the lto .11 family, all the nicmliers ofw iicli re- 
     
    
   
   
    
     —n 
     
     3 
     
    
   
   
    
     are Canrobert visited the military establish- 
     
    
   
   
    
     sverv day. On the other days they 
     
     .:ee'sive pork or salt beef. and excellent 
     
     biscuit. In impact or winter clothing. humor. 
     
     and (coiling. our men are umucasurnhly better 
     
     otl than our allies. nod. indeed. it is not 'In|I6u~ 
     
    
   
   
    
     «Al, to see the latter outing in the English Gimp 
     
     ‘ of th. excess of our soldiers’ cooking kettles. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Little friendships hsvs. sprung up in this way 
     
    
   
   
    
     ooiied lllll um.-it graciously. The next day Gen- 
     
    
   
   
    
     me ts of the capital, accompanied by the 
     
     Minister of War. 
     
    
   
   
    
     ‘lbs izunboais liuildhig in the South at Eng- 
     
     lam ll.'Iv(:_0ngillEI oE6o horse power. The first 
     
     launl.-li'».-«l has been named the Beaver. . 
     
    
   
   
    
     DECEMBER 26. 
     
    
   
   
    
     WHAT‘ ARE THE OBJECTS OF THE WAR? 
     
    
   
   
    
     The organ of Mr. Disraoli—though we 
     
     are glad to see that it is not the organ of 
     
     Lord Derby or the protectionist party- 
     
     utlii-ms, that the objects of the war are ac- 
     
     complished. ’e need not follow its rea- 
     
     soniugs on this point, but will simply ask, 
     
     ” What are the objects of the war?” It 
     
     will be quite time enough to declare that 
     
     they are accomplished, when we know in‘ 
     
     wliutthcy consist. \Vo need not inquire 
     
     in what way Lord Aberdeen originally un- 
     
     dcratood the war, or what was the limita- 
     
     tion which Sir James Graham, or Mr Glad- 
     
     stone, or Mr. Sidney Herbert, or Lord 
     
     John Russell would have imposed upon it; 
     
     but in what sense it was and is understood 
     
     by the British Parliament and people, by 
     
     Napoleon Ill, and his gallant nation, by 
     
     the Turks, by the Piedmontesc, and by 
     
     the universal sympathy of civilized Europe. 
     
    

    
     The outbrca of the war was long fore- 
     
     seen by the ablest statesmen and diploma- 
     
     tists of England, Germany, and France. 
     
     It was not only Napoleon l.—as greata 
     
     statesman and philosopher as he was a 
     
     soldicr—who predicted it as inevitable, 
     
     unless Europe prevented it by the establish- 
     
     ment of great constitutional States on ever 
     
     side of the Russian frontier; but such men 
     
     as Prince Metternich in Germany, and 
     
     Lord Palmerston in England, who for 
     
     tho last five-and-twenty years have been 
     
     fully aware that, sooner or later, it would 
     
     be found necessary to limit by force of 
     
     arms the encroachments of Russia upon the 
     
     territories of her neighbours. The ambi- 
     
     [ion of Russia was no secret. The means, 
     
     diplomatic, commercial, and military, do- 
     
     mestic as well as foreign, by which the 
     
     late Czar Nicholas sought to accomplish 
     
     his ends, though not so obvious as they 
     
     ought to have been to the people of Eng- 
     
     land-—a people provcrbially ignorant or 
     
     careless of foreign policy-—were patent to 
     
     all the advanced spirits of the age. The 
     
     voice cl warning was scarcely ever mute; 
     
     but engrossed as the nation was with its 
     
     domestic politics, and its immense trade 
     
     and commerce, the voice was for the most 
     
     part uiiheeded, and those who raised it 
     
     were ‘accused of being nlarmists. But our 
     
     principal statesmen knew perfectly well the 
     
     danger before them. VVhen in I853, the 
     
     Czar, through the medium ofPrincc Mens- 
     
     chikotl‘, threw oil the mask, and aimed a 
     
     blow against the independence of Turkey, 
     
     it was universally felt both by statesmen 
     
     and people that, if Russia persisted in her 
     
     demands upon the Sultan’s Government, it 
     
     would be impossible to prevent a war. 
     
     Even Lord Aberdeen knew this. He felt 
     
     that such a war, if it ever broke out, would 
     
     he a war of principle, a war that would not 
     
     last merely for a few months, or years, or 
     
     involve only two or three Powers, but that 
     
    
   
   
    
     ‘might last for a generation, and extend to 
     
    
   
   
    
     the whole of Europe. For this reason he 
     
     id his utmost to prevent the outburst. He 
     
     endeavoured to adjourn the evil day; to 
     
     procure a peace, or at the least a truce, b 
     
     diplomycy, by negotiation, and by ap sale 
     
     to the justice, if not to the fears of the zar. 
     
     He would at that time have been quite 
     
     ¢0l|lenl8d. as he himself avowed, if he 
     
     could have arranged a pacification thgt 
     
     would have lasted for twenty years. Lord 
     
     Abci-deen_was selfish enough not to care 
     
     for posterity. What he desired was to 
     
     save the men of the present day from tho 
     
     uuutterable miseries of a European war, 
     
     and to have" our children or our grand- 
     
     children, iflhs course ofevents so decreed 
     
     it, to fight a still harder tight for their own 
     
     independence and that of the world. For 
     
     this it is now useless to reproach Lord 
     
     Aberdeen or the statesmen who acted with 
     
     him. Their great for-bearance—tliough it 
     
     pampered the pride ol' the Czar Nicholas, 
     
     and taught him to believe in his own invinci- 
     
     bilit‘_v—-ut least proved the reluctance ofthe 
     
     rulers ot' this great nation to provoke war, 
     
     their deep sense of its evils, and their inno- 
     
     cence of all attempt or inclination to hasten 
     
     or lo exaspei-ate it. 
     
     _ ufthc men to be blamed at this juncture- 
     
     wcre the cowardly King of Prussia and the 
     
     irresolute Linperorot‘ Austria. These men; 
     
     llll'0,V Md boldly supported the unions- 
     
     trances advanced by Aberdeen and um 
     
     Emperor Napoleon. and plainly notified to 
     
    
   
   
    
     Nicholas that, if he drew the-sword,’ they 
     
    
   
   
    
     would fight Igoinst him, would have pro- 
     
     cured poace without bloodshed, by making 
     
    
   
   
    
     it evident to the ambitious Czar that he 
     
     stood alone, and would have had the whole 
     
     ofEuropc—Governments as well as people 
     
     —arrayed in arms against him. They fail- 
     
     ed to adopt this wise and conservative 
     
     policy. As an inevitable and palpable con- 
     
     sequence, the objects of the war immediate- 
     
     ly extended themselves. The independence 
     
     of Turkey, the first ostensible oliject, would 
     
     have been its last. If the Great German 
     
     governments had been alive to their duty 
     
     and their interest, that object would have 
     
     been secured by their co-operation, and the 
     
     world would in all probability have enjoyed 
     
     the peaceful, twenty years which Lord 
     
     Aberdeen had reckoned upon. In the 
     
     menntime,events might have been so mould- 
     
     ed liy wise statesmanship,that Europe would 
     
     have opposed the growth ofCossnckisin, in 
     
     the North and North-East, the growth of 
     
     Constitutional Government in her Central 
     
     States, and have met encroaching barba- 
     
     rism by the strength derivable from the 
     
     wealth, the spirit, and energy of a civiliza- 
     
     lion developed in the enjoyincnt ol' rational 
     
     liberty. 
     
    

    
     But this was not to be. The Czar was 
     
     haughty and blind, and the Sovereigns of 
     
     Gerinnny, great and small, were .raiturs to 
     
     the dignity of their own crowns and the 
     
     interests of their people; and, by their 
     
     pusillanimity or their ignorance, allowed a 
     
     war, that might have been a little one and 
     
     easily strangled in its hirtli, to grow to the 
     
     proportions of that mighty giant which we 
     
     now behold it. On their heads will some 
     
     day full the penalty. Many of our states- 
     
     men, who know full well the magnitude of 
     
     the war which they had so ardently strivcn 
     
     to prevent, lacked the genius or the cou- 
     
     rage to direct it; and one by one they 
     
     dropped off from the Government, till, 
     
     backed by the. indomitable “ pluck” and 
     
     sterling good sense of the British people, 
     
     there came into power, under the presiden- 
     
     cy of Lord Palmerston, a Ministrv equal 
     
     to its task, and fully comprehending it. It 
     
     is certain, that the great statesman was not 
     
     blind to the fact, that the object of the war 
     
     ccased to be limited to the mere independ- 
     
     ence of Turkey the moment it became 
     
    
   
   
    
     evident that Prussia and Austria uld not 
     
     take part with Great Britain and in 
     
     combating the pretensions of Russia. He 
     
    
   
   
    
     and his countrymen know that it has now a 
     
     wider scope. It is not enough, that the 
     
     independence ofTurkey should be secured. 
     
     The attack on Turkey was but a portion of 
     
     a great scheme—-to make Russia the domi- 
     
     nant Power of Europe—to' procure egress 
     
     into the Atlantic for her war nnvics—either 
     
     by command of the issues of the Baltic, or 
     
     by the deep fiords of the north-western por- 
     
     tions of Norway, from which even now her 
     
     territories are separated by scarcely fifty 
     
     miles; and to have similar command over 
     
     the Mediterranean, by possession of the 
     
     Bosphorus; and thereby to give the law 
     
     to the civilized world in our hemisphere. 
     
     The instinct of Europe felt long ago that 
     
     such were the objects of Russia; that she 
     
     pursued them by the subju ation, bit by bit, 
     
     of 'I‘urkey, and by the rob cry, piecemeal, 
     
     of every state or nation which had the mis- 
     
     fortune to have her for a near neighbour. 
     
     True stntesinanship and the opular interest 
     
     were agreed on the point. here was and 
     
     could be no_mistake about it on the part ot 
     
     any one claiming the possession of ordinary 
     
     clear-sightednese. The success of Russia 
     
     in those objects, or in any other of them 
     
     would be the downfall of England and of 
     
     France also. Both of these wealthy and 
     
     powerful nations would sink into the second 
     
     or third rank. London would become as 
     
     desolate as Venice, and Great Britain 
     
     would be of as little account in the world 
     
     as Spain or Holland. The glory of France 
     
     would be a tale of the past--as dead and as 
     
     unfructuous as the vanished glory of Greece 
     
     or Rome. Tho conviction, that tlis is the 
     
    
   
   
    
     true position assumed hy Rim-is influences, ‘ 
     
    
   
   
    
     will continue to influence Europe until 
     
     far. In her olijcctn are secured than tho in- 
     
     dspen ence of tho Turks. The Allied Pow- 
     
     on will light for their own independence 
     
     and tisedom as well as lbr those oft-he Ot- 
     
     tomans: and thsywill not sheaths the sword 
     
     which they bake drum, whilst they have it 
     
     man to send Wills fight, or a shlfling to p_ay 
     
     him. lftlll fsil—-wliich they Will not and 
     
    
   
   
    
     -cannot-—t»h o is so end to better things‘ 
     
    
   
   
    
     then tlie:'l‘urltish Empire. If they succeed 
     
    
   
   
    
     —'/hich they must and shall, with the blos-