“as-7‘ r;*~...-W It, A :4‘: =.-THE GUARDIAN “Coven Prince Edward Island Lille the new” Published every week-day morning Street. Charlottetown. P. E. Company Limited. Editor and Manager. Ian A. 136 Burnett. Associate Editor. Frank walker. Branch offices Alberton. the Post Office Department. Ottawa. II. By Carrier: Charlottetown. Summcrside 815.00 peri . $9.00. Other Prov- anmim. Elsewhere in P. E. I mess and U. S. A. $12.00 per annum. Summerside. Montague Authorized as Second Class Mall Prince 1.. by The Thomson and by "The strongest memory lfivenker than the weakest Ink." The Tragedy of Fra M8 The fall of Premier Laniei‘s govern- ment and the acknowledged failure of the Geneva conference have been foregone con- clusions ever since the fortress of Dien Bien Phu fell to the communists. In i etrospect, it almost appears as if the Soviet Union had timed the conference to coincide with the Red assault on Dien Bien Phu in order to place the western democracies still further on the defensive and to create polit- ical chaos in France. On balance. it is clear that the Soviet Union and its allies have won both a diplo- matic and a strategic victoi'y. The fall of ‘ the Laniel regime in France places pros- pects for a European Defence Community including Western Germany in grave jeop- in France, and the will to continue a losing war in Southeast Asia without the active partici- pation of the United States and the United Kingdom has flagged The tragedy 0f,a system of code enforcement which simply France is the tragedy of the free world. ardy. Disillusionment is rife Thoughtful Canadians will sense in the- atmosphere of international politics today much that is reminiscent of the summer of 1939. Then. as now, the shadow of violence and aggression hung over much of world. Then, as now, unity of purpose was lacking among the defenders of freedom. Then, as now, there were those who still cherished the hope of peace by negotiation. Then, as now. negotiation failed in the face of totalitarian strength. the Disillusionment, however, need not nec- essarily lead once again to Armageddon. Diplomacy, backed by arms. can still save the peace of the world. Anglo-Franco-American front, The ideal of an militarily capable of ensuring security in event of the failure of negotiation. is still pensable ingredient of western the policy. Delinquent Parent indis- of Ottawa recently invited the Baltimore housing staff to explain their methods to local citizens, Winnipeg established a Hous- ing Commission for this purpose in 1949 and the Vancouver Housing Association has been making similar proposals. So there is evidently a need to consolidate and ex- change our Canadian views and experi- ences in this important sector of housing policy. ‘ Though the expression “urban renewal” in the American legislation includes the practice of code enforcement, the term also points up the ultimate purpose of “renew- ing” rather than simply “maintaining” or rehabilitating old housing. There is a good deal of evidence that a repaired and re- habilitated slum area still remains a slum. -and that this simply postpones the neces- sary process of redevelopment and rebuild- ing. The evidence‘ also seems to show that the reconstruction and conversion of slum buildings to an extent that would permaii- _ of the American ently raise them above the level slums is an expensive process. experience seems to show that it is usually , . cheaper in the end to scrap and replace rather than put good money into bad hotises. Houses of solid masonry construc- tion such as the typical row-housing of Baltimore and the 19th century “bylaw” 4' housing of English industrial cities may lend themselves to reconstruction. but what of the frame-houses typical of slum areas in our Maritime cities? Obviously there must be some careful judgment in embarking on patches up and substantiates a low-stand- ard of housing. Measures of conservation seem to be most usefully applicable to residential areas which contain buildings of sound construc- tion that are threatened with deteriora- tion. In every Canadian city there is an area of fine old houses of the Victorian and Edwardian era left behind by the first tide of urban expansion and now threaten- ed by the later surge of commercial growth and the b'ight of central traffic. Many of them are converted to lodging houses and apartments and they have become the principal source of accommodation for old people. In many cases these areas are near to a University campus, a fine park or a group of institutional buildings which give them a key place in a city plan. Zoning and traffic control can protect such areas and a positive conservation policy could attract new investment to conveitthe resi- dences to a new and important function in A growing trend to jail or fine parents- for the delinquent been criticized in a United States children's 1'9" bureau report entitled “Parents and Delln-I quency". It summarizes a discussion among psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists and social workers. The report says that, “Put- ting an absolute liability on parents for the ' delinquency of their children would be un- fair and ineffectual and might even make matters worse." The problem is an ancient one. There can be no evading the fact that the con- duct of children reflects credit or otherwise on their parents but the Common Law, at ‘ any rate, has always avoided placing vicar- ious responsibility on parents. Unlike wild not possessed "at peril.” . animals or dangerous substances they are Rather they are treated as responsible beings from an early 389. 811h0Ugh the degree 05 responsibilityithe assumption, however, is anything but children of their age. ‘_ is measured by what can be expected of It is, indeed, a reasonable attitude. man need not keep a fcrocio cannot, however, in our society readily geti us dog. the city's housing stock. This kind of coli- acts of their Children has‘servation. however, does not provide low- tal housing but a type of accommodation more suitable for middle-income and high- income single people and couples. ,.._ EDITORIAL NOTES Among the projects being investigated by the newly reorganized Charlottetown Retail Merchants Association. is the estab- lishment of ,a Shoppers’ Parking Area for the convenience of the patrons. O I U Every target city in the present con- tinent-ivide Operation Alert is presumed to be “substantially destroyed", an assump- tion that gives civil defence authorities a thorough work out. The implication of encouraging. O O 0 Space micc. sand-flea cggs and the Ho’ H9 bomb are not guilty of pock-marking wind- rid of an anti-social child. Parents may fail to curb or cure bad behaviour. It. will uii-wesfigation ,.e,,,_,a]s Vmuauy all damage to i but it is not reasonable that it should also‘ bring penalties of the criminal law. Failure to provide proper home condi- lions may result in society taking the chil- - dren out of the parents‘ care but that would seem to be going far enough in dealing with- what is usually ineptitude rather than mal- ice. Tlio Housing om Perhaps it ‘is just an accident of history that the “Baltimore Plan" for code enforce- ment was originally inspired by the example of the City of Toronto's bylaw 14466 of 1936, says the newsletter of the Community Planning Association of Canada. vlded municipal loans for a depression. The bylaw was applied par-1 tlculu-ly in them-en which is This pro- rehabilitating houses in conformity with a standard re- quired by the city architect's department. It helped to patch up a depressed area in HOW the , shields. two University of Washington scien- tists have determined. An extensive in- I d°Ubi'e"“-V bring 5°"r°“’ "W" the” head-The of the “impact.” i.VDc. Caused by a hard object striking the glass with sufficient force to chip, pit or crack it. "The explana- tion seems to be “normal road damage" noticed only when a great many people be- gan examining their windshields at tho same time. I O Wat 'l‘ylcr (Wat the flier), leader of the men of Kent in the rebellion of 1381. \vas killed by the mayor of London this date in that year. Richard II had succeed- ed to a disturbed kingdom. Edward III had permitted powerful subjects to arise. The Black Death had caused a severe'scar- city of labour and the most severe laws could no longer bind serfs to the soil. Re- leasing a priest John Ball from prison on the way, the rebels had marched on Lon- don but were met and defeated by the king. Industry and commerce: constitutional and social questions; international pay- scene of the Regent Park low-rental hous-‘menu; and economic development of the im project. Baltimore borrowed the idea and in recent years has applied it vigor- omly on I block-by-block basis. using 1 special I-lotflnc Court to enforce its code Commerce of the British Empire now meet- /. ‘officer to direct the process a Commonwealth and Empire are some of the topics being raised at the 18th con- i ,, inlnberofceaulian cities! avenue in me has come higher standard of living for all is for gov- - hunlmoumn.” The ernrnents to adopt a "hands off" policy and ha blen ndvocat.- leave trade, as far as :*‘h§NfiofMNlvordprlvatstreden. grass of the Federation of Chambers of in in Montreal. Not for a long time has there been such a gathering of experts whou-econvinced thetthewaytowartha P0sn'Able.intl_1ebnnds ' L P A i+"...:..g. Our A Picture NOTES BY Three trucks raced in a blue in a fireman‘s house. At. times one can overdo this business of taking work home. -1-lamilton specta- tor. A "scale" so dellcelc that it can gauge weights in the range of 1- l00.000!h of an ordinary ink alg- nature has been devised by physi- cists. —Hamiltcn Spectator. A new high in toughness was reached by s Hamburg night. club which warned guests not to park in front of the entrance; their cars might. be dented by customers being thrown out. -1-tamilton Spectator. The British atomic industry will begin commercial production of electricity in 18 months’ time. The cost of current is expected to be lower than in thermal stations but not. of course, cheaper than in hydro-electric plants. —Ham- llton Spectator. Our conservation officers have found best way to effect. a porcu- pinefa capture in to wait until he's in the open. then watching for that slapping tail rush in and pop a large washtub over him. Then you have something t. nsit nn whilst you figure out. the next. move. This usually consists of iiiniioeuvring hoards iindcrncath the tub. Then the whole business. porkv and all. is reversed and carried to .1 travel- ling crate lnlo whlr.h porky ‘is poured. —-Oiuano Lrmds and Forests Bulletin. Soybeans have lierome n vcry valuable part of tho agizr-tiltursl economy of Soiit.hwcstei'n Ontario. The climate and soil no suitable for this crop. There have hccii iznnri yields and good prices. Th-~ potential hasn't. yet. been achieved,| however. It is ESillI‘.‘liCfi only hall Canada's needs for this versatile product are be iig met by domrstlc production. And at the sonic timc some good export markets arr available. The area in which soy- beans cm be profitably gl‘O‘.\'ll ill Canada constantly is enlarging. There is no good reason why more land i-niinot be given to this crop. The uses to which snybcaus can be put. are vnr'.r~d and wide. and it. will be of ndvaiitagc in hni-r illl"..‘i(‘i met. out of our own soil. -A\Vllld§nl': Star. When Ihe 5iilh niiiiiversnry of the St. Louis World's Fair rolls around the month it will bring with’it the 50th niin-.vcrs.i'y of a number of tli‘i1:s that i-amr- out of‘ the fair. not the if. -i, of ix-hiiii is 5//L? .,.££_:~( Woefi Qmee i (ION!-I I Al airy and silent as leaves from I tree, I sped o'er the dew-covered grass A loose shawl or moonlight. sup- pressing the ion Shook never in letting me pass. A tree‘: twisted roots didn't bother to hide. A cfweb neither wavered nor broke; And down at. the pond where thi- - waters had died. Not even a ripple awoke. 0. light was my step and so gay was my heart, when wading through lily and read. I thought of a moment. and woke with n start To ihouyhu that were moving in- deed! Again in the waters of silver and black I used for I soft. bending head: But not in that [lens was I face looking back. And then. then I knew I was dead! -Denny Mcoarron. Monilcue.-P. E. I. The Age Old Story THE WAY that great. American institution. the ice cream cone. Look what’: happened since. Every year Amer- ican people alone consume roughly two and a half billion cones which. if laid end to end. would reach a mighty long way. —st.. Louis Post - Dispatch. During I953. Canadians spent more on travel outside -Canada than was spent. by foreigners in Canada. the Canadian Bank of Commerce reveals in its monthly Commercial Letter. ft. Wls the sec- ond year in succession that. there had been an adverse tourist bal- ance. During 1053, Canadians spent. $365,000,000 on travel, of which $302,000,000 was spent. in the Unit- ed States. American: in Canada spent. $282,000,000 during 1963. Al- though thue figures are not. happy from a trade point of view. they do prove once again that Canadians stand high among travellers of the world. -—Hamllton specta- tor. American teachers Ira given to complaint. that they are expected to do almost everything beside teaching. Teachers in Soviet Rus- sia, it seems. are similarly afflict- ed. The Russian periodicals Ka- zakhstan Pravda and Tear-liar‘: Gazette recently complained of the extra chores loaded upon Red leach:-rs. Complaints were directed in particular at: Excessive num- ber of community meetings teach- Cl‘! are required to attend. “Bur- t*.aLIcl‘.'\Lit‘." office woi'k and reports. Community and party wr-lfare work outside school duties. Government. tasks iinr:-latcd in school work. such nrdistributiiig tax notices and drawing up factory inventories. Assiiziinients to make frequent nnlitiml and propaganda speeches rii behalf of the Communist re- cime. —Milwaukee Journal. C ' OSmiC S I ' pecu ation (Scientific American) Dr. George Gnmow, a leading cosinogonist, who has lately re- ttirnrrl from a mathematical jun- kct into cosmic 'hislory, describes Illf‘ moment of creation as a blind- .n: flash followed by a swirl of }‘lCll\. Ylcm is the name Dr. (iuiiiow borrows from Aristotle to designate those primordial bits of matter — electrons. protons. neutrons -— from which the chemical clcmcnts. as we know them. congcalcd. Within liali an Iimii‘. nccoi'd- ‘rig to Di’. Gamnw. the process wf conversion hiiri gobbled up all he ylem and. chamically speak- ing. the universe has been a pretty lull place-‘over since. "Accnrdi'n'.z to our calculations." -':i,v.s DI‘. Gamoi-3. "whcn the uni- \'(‘l'$e was five minutes old its temperature was a billion degrees. At one day it had dropped to 40 million degrees. I temperature comparable with the interior of an atomic bomb." This, he ex- plains. ended the exciting part of the show. “By the end of the first 300.000 years. thinn had cooled off to a mere H.000 degrees. about as warm vi: the surface of the IUD. “ii is natural." he states. "to conclude that the chemical ele- ments were formed in the rela- tive ‘undnncel that we know dun-ln| the first few minutes of evolution. We believe the time of formation must have been very short. for the reasons that the free neutrons in the original ylem would have decayed very rapidly and that the temperature wick- ly dropped below the level at which nuclear reaction: could take place." According to Dr. Cvnmow. the theory that our universe was born in an immense exploel the "big bang" hypothesis of creation — appears to be in; support from ‘ obu dons. Photographs made by the telescopic continue creme compressed win of matter and radiation mun-unv nlsea. the question: How did it net lniofliat state and what made it expand? Our formulae tell In Old Charlottetown ,9 and P. I. 1. DAIRY IMPLEMENT! From an advertisement inserted by R. K_ Brace, Charlottetown, in The Presbyterian, July 24. 1881: "I have. at I. tremendous ox- pense. secured a complete outfit of scientific Dairy Implements which have been recommended and spoken highly of by professors of dairy colleges, both in the United states and Canada I will give a guarantee of five hundred dollars that. if used by the farmers of this Island, that. in three years‘ time the extra profit to them of one year's trade with Newfoundland, United states and other countries, will pay for every Creamer twice over that will be sold for the five years they will then have been in use. “They consist of a Double Birdin- er Milking Pull in which the milk is strained by a perforated tin saucer, and then through a linen cloth; the cover of the pull fits tightly, keeping out all bad odors from the stable, etc. Then we have the Celebrated Champion Creamer in which the milk is first heated by hot. water. then cooled with cold watcr...Next comes Caseyls Improved Rotary Churn wluch is a simple revolving be: or barrel with patent air escape pipe. The butter is washed in the churn before gathering, and with it you will avoid having two colors in is tub of butter. . Farmers have_ no doubt seen the importance of I univer- sal improvement in our butter so that it can be sent away at. a pro- fit. in place of A loss. Let. the watchword be. Improve the butter, the price is sure to go up." exceeding the force of gravity be- tween them. Putting these for- mulas into reverse for a review of the period before the universe reached the stage of maximum contraction. we find that it must then have been collapsing with just as great speed as it is now expanding! 0 0 ‘.‘We must conclude that our universe has existed for an eternity of time, that until about five billion years ago it was col- lapsing uniformly from a state nf lnfinit rarefaction; that five bil- linn ears ago it arrived It a state of maximum compression and that it is now on the re- bound. dispersing irreversibly to- ward in state of infinite rare- faction." Calculailons based on the ob- served sper-d with which the uni- vcrse is flying apart enabled scientists to fix the date of crea- tion at approximately five billion ‘B. C.. n fizuri-. says Dr. Gamow. "that is in perfect agreement with geological and nstro-physical estimates." Tailoring and ' Alterations RITE - WAY llofrlgmtloii SALE! 0 SERVICE Repair! To All Makes Iiofolls ’ ' Rewinding and llcpall-I ILIOIIIOAL APPLIANCE! Repairs ulnar Electric Phenuellllllld first that various parts of the auflvinlapertvrlthucncev Thcflunrdlan THE FACT A little news item. tucked away among chronicled of big events. uyI.that e Cambridge University group recently defeated the mo- tion, “The British Empire is de- cllnln[—let it fall". by a margin of four votes. 51-4‘! was the offl- clal tally. There in nothing es- peclally novel in the subject it- self: that sort of thing in trotted out periodically in British Unl- verslty circles; in times of crisis it II a common putlme. Nor is there anything very disturbing in the small negative vote; indeed, the significant thing in that the motion was defeated at all. The fact that ,lt was defeated would almost seem to indicate that a major war II not imminent. Just why it should be so has never been worked out, but the fact in that whenever danger )f war has appeared certain a wave or non-confidence in their na- tional heritage bu swept over large segment: of the British and French populations. It is a matter of record that just before the First Great War broke out organized bodies of workers and student organizations of various kinds expressed pacifist deter- minatlans. In England this expression came in formal resolutions un- accompanied by any dramatzc action. In France it was a differ- ent story. There. a. professor bv the name of Herve led a cam- paign in derogation of patriot- ism and nationhood. The cam- paign reached its climax when M Herve took the national flag of France and deposited It ceremon- IOIIIIY on n [.arl.1a|.e heap. Immediately on declaration of war. however, British workers and student: rallied ‘to the col- ours: patriotism again became the fashion. The name thing happen- ed in France. M. Herve forgot all about his pre-war nonsense and went on to become a-great pa‘- rlot and leader: he emerged from the conflict a hero. Just before the Second Great [War Oxford undergraduates pau- ed a resolution, almost unenl- mously, laying, "in no circum- stances will we bear arms for Klng and country." Again, with the actual outbreak of hostilities. the resolution was promptly and completely forgotten. As the old saying goes. talk is cheap. and non-patriotic talk is particularly cheap. When crisis is Impending there is a good deal of it on the rounds; when crisis is actually present. something else much stronger and certainly much nob- ler. taken over. As Kipling put it: "And deeper than our speech and thought Beyond our reason’: sway Clay of the pit whence we were dug Yenrns for it: fellow clay.‘ U I There may he no scientific bus- is for that sort of sentiment; it means a great deal, nevertheless. Perhaps not as much an Kipling believed, but certainly much more than many international theor- ists are ready to admit. The na- tion may not he the highest form of society. but. at least, it is a reality. Despite all the inter- rational and lupernatlonal de- vices on the emotional market; it is I fact that nothing thus far advaiiced has been able to take the place of national loyalties. The clan. the tribe, the nation, are inescapable facts. So it is. one might suggest, with the British Empire which. if a bare majority in the Cambridge group be given their wish. will Churchill History (Winnipeg Free Press) It in not commonly known that Sir Winston Churchill in the 19301, when at the summit. of his power. wrote a history of the "‘ “ “- speaking peoples. The book has never been published although completed before the outbreak of war In 1089. sir Winston has explained that, after being excluded from the Baldwin Administration in 1036, he looked about for a task which would "steady and absorb" his mind. This history served that purposei "Writing a long and substantial boo '5, he says. "is like having a friend and companion at. your slde, to whom you can always turn for comfort and amusement, and whose society becomes more at- tractlve as A new and widening field of interest is lighted in the mind." ‘Tuesday. June 15, 1954 The Passing Scene- ly observer 0!‘ EMPIRE continue to live on u . - entity. This small vote fxfgh,-uc:,.l may not mean that there is little love of Empire at Cambridge, but that is a matter of little or no importance. What matters is um the Empire remains a fact. It W," not keep on living as the result of a resolution. but only .3 it serve: a useful purpose in tn, continuing stream of human his. tory. Granted that it came into life by right of a nation‘: powerf “,3, does not mean that it was nu. an evolution which grew out n[ the historic needs of peoplgi Granted that the Empire CDl'lCe;\[ of government is now lmpuc. tlcable; that does not mean that it was a mistake in the first place. Although the words "Em. plre" and "Imperialism" 1,3,, much in common, they do My have the same practical meaning in contemporary thought. Im. perlallsm has come to denote ; dictatorial domination of mini. nations by a large and powerfuf one: that. although it is by M means extinct, is probably on in. way out. Empire. in the modern sense at any rate. denotes grad. ual and orderly development 01 political ability; in that it musi be admitted that the British con. cept of small nations‘ governmeni has led, and is now leading in ; somewhat different way, the po. lltical world. 0 O O No doubt it would be a ye,--_. fine thing if every community in the world could govern itself in every particular and defend it. self against alien pressure. At the moment that is neither practic- able not wise. Until such time as world union ll accomplished‘ there is no sign of it thus farw there will be many area: which will need the guidance and pro. tection of Empire. Whatever may be the near nr remote destiny of the British Em. pire. it must be laid that it has contributed much good to the world. Like all other lrutltutions it has had its flaws, and it he: shared in the llmltzlions as well as in the achievements and prior. fee of each succeeding generation; but, on the whole. the historian: agree that it has stood for some- thing stable and true In the ever widening areas of freedom and political growth. Professional cards E. E. Parkman 0pt.D.. B-0. PHONE 3287 REGENT THEATRE BLDG. Summer st. Summersldu A. Raymond Grant. is on as water street lnnunerefds Above Maurice Mill’: Men's Wear PHONE 8530 Chartered Accountants '1‘. Earle Hickey Canadian Bank of Commerce Building Sunune I:uw. P.E.!. — Phone 2338 W. Albert Robertson P. E. I. MUTUAL BUILDING Granville at Water Street flununereldo DIAL P. 0. BOX 8844 681 INSURANCE R; E. Ellis Ii Son Limited Fire — Auto —- Casualty D ‘ st. Summersl.-iv Optometrists B. F. Hunter. R.0. ilnmmo " P.E.l. — Phone Illl S BUILDING Dentist: Dr. J. A. Dolron Dental X-Bays smaumax nunnmm Dial 2300 sum-x-mid: L. K. ZIELINSKI, M.D. General Practitioner Mnlpoquo Bond Remington. P. E. I. Phone: Kenalnxton 2 VETERINARIAN Dr. J. ll. Cunningham DIAL 2520 Water St. East- Sunimernld‘ LONDON (Reuters) — Marshal ‘ Kllmentl Vorolhllov. president of the Soviet Union, arrived in Buda- pest Monday, lendlnj the Russian delegation to the third congress of the Hungarian Workers (Commu- slat) party, the Soviet news agency PHOTOGRAPHERS THE READ STUDIO D. W. SEARS Phone OM! Tau reported. hefleqweuojlflbhd havlnclnndrancoproblush offices: _SiiFE6ilAllil Yollll iinisiiiasis WIT! SOUND AND ADIQUATI INIUIANCE -Wlfibveedchhynnnexpeeluulnhnndllnrnlluneeoffffi IiYiiiiMAii is co. LTD. - nueoit e. Imlkn. 0.l.If.-Diet:-lot nun-an go sum-not-Id‘ once A. I. now. c.1.u.-must man no mourne- IIOIAI luavnnv. 0.l.IJa-Irofll you-uncut I. is Itrrlnunn. It.a.-Ion-uonmivo M can-iomwwa. Aanh.&neuuIIoPnvInee whet eervhe we can 00 Boat solve. without obligation. Inc: In! IIIIIIIIIDI - IONIAOVII