111929 -rm: cl~lsnm'rrr‘rovnv'cuAliolsN ‘ fri?-'ENDWE
---1 - - - -ss
_Farming and Agriculture .°-.° Special Features .°-.° Interesting Observations
of Organised Meteorology.
300 years before our era, had
efforts at 'measuring the
and in Palestine some such
are said to 'have been
'ln' the first century. From 1654.
the Jesuit Antinore, under the
of the Grand Duke of Tus-
luted( instruments and
to observers in some Europ-
oountries, for the purpose of
daily weather records, the
gi this science has been near-
the next 100 years, similar
were inaugurated in
France and Germany; the
remarkable 'of the latter being
“Meteorological Society” founded
Mannheim in 1780, by the Elector
Keodor. Its secretary J. J. Hem-
to whom its success is largely
issued standard instruments and
:tions to observers widely scat-
over the globe, including two in
e United States. The results of the
hservations taken by this organiza-
on down to the year 1792 has been
ubllshed in twelve large volumes. -
The ilrst attempt in the United
tates to organise meteorological ob-
l-vations under government auspic-
was made by the Army Medical
pal-tment. An order dated May 2,
814, maks it th duty of hospital sur-
eons to keep a diary of the weather.
. l8l'i a system of tri-daily weather
wrvations was bekun at land oillces
llroughout the country. Local sys-
ms of observation were established
y New York State in 1825 and Pen-
ylvania in 1831, and system of
model- scope by the Patent Office in
B41 and the Smithsonian Institution
. 1847, '
Eventually the work of taking
T URNIPS
Grown from our lisssardl
improved (Bronze Top) and
(“Mlllpond" Purple Top Swedet
Seed imporiedby us direct frvm
the growers (on Contract) in
England and bfilllllil' l°°d
prices in the AMERICAN
MARKET.
Sugar _Beet _
Pulp
Is an excellent substitute for
rlllmlrs ana tho price with
us) is very low considerlnl U"
prices of other Feeds. Therefore ~
feed SUGAR BEET PULP and
sell your Tnrnlps for 01110"-
This is good business and sound
logic. Try it and see how it
works ont.
We have several carloads of
SUGAR BEET PULP on hand
and no further supplies can ll*
purchased tmtll next OCTDBER
or on the New Crop.
Get our low prices by the hal
or in ton lots.
WHOLESALE and RETAIL
E Carter 8 Co. Ltd.
OO-¥0
AFRICA AND
_ ` WEATHER SER VICE
e oro ogic observations through
out the country was centraliud
under the Signal Service, and finally
under the' present Weather Bureau.
but for many years, beginning about
1882, “State weather services" were
maintained by the several States of
the Union in cooperation with the
Federal Government, and one-that
of Iowa-still eillsts. At present more
than 6.000 meteorological stations
are in operationin the United Stat/es
under the direction of the Weather
Bureau, in addition to which there
are several small groups of stations
in the country under local control.
The total number of stations in all
countries is probably more than 35,-
The majority of meteorological sta-
tions throughout the world are main-
tained chieny or solely for the pur-
poses of statistical climatology. In
nearly every country, however. a cer-
tain number of stations perform the
additional function of reporting the
results of their observations regularly
by telegraph or radio to central insti-
tutions for use in the preparation of
weather forecasts and storm warn-
ings. The data thus assembled are
interchanged by means of radio
broadcasts among the different coun-
tries in accordance with plans evolv-
ed since the World War by the Inter-
national Commision for Synoptic
Weather Infomation. Many of these
broadcasts include reports of upper-
_air winds as observed by means of
pilot balloons and also shipboard
weather reports from various parts of
the ocean.
The vast system of weather obser-
vatories and stations that has gradu-
allyspread over the greater part of
the globe is, in its entirety, one of
the most striking products of modern
civilization. It has spread into the
heart of China, into the wilds of
South America, and far inside the
Arctic Circle. There is a station at
Laurie Island, on the verge of the
Antarctic, maintained by the meteor-
ological service of Argentina, where
the observers live in complete exile
from the rest of the world for a year
at a, time. There are five stations
in Greenland that report their ob-
servations twice a day by radio. Plans
are now on foot to extend the net-
work of stations toward both Poles.
ganization headed by Dr. Nansen pro-
poses to establish stations on the ice,
far from land. while in the South
one of the principal objects of the
Wilkins expedition, now in the field.
is'tn -select sites for weather stations
on the Antarctic continent.
Several important meteorological
stations are perched on the summits
of high mountains. and in some cases
access to them entails long and ar-
duous climbing. This is true, for
example. of the Mount Rose Observa-
tory, in Nevada, and of the stations
on the Sonnblick and the Zugspitze
in Europe. Hundreds of stations
make regular observations of upper-
air conditions by means of kites, bai-
loons or airplanes. ‘
V The close cooperation that exists
among the meteorological services of
In the North an international or-»
Guardian
oo-oc4+o-on o o o o o-ooooe e-oe oo
In a recent interview, Prof. E. S.
‘ Wiggins, of Toronto said that the ab-
normal weather conditions of the pas-
sing winter and the “spasms” of cold
experienced in various parts of the
Northern Hemisphere are due to as-
tronomical causes. They are the re-
sults of the close approach of Jupiter
to the Earth and our cold spell of a
short while ago was closely related
to the occultation of that planet by
the moon. While not entitled to speak
with greater' authority than any
other laymen, I find this explanation
eminently satisfactory. Perhaps my
outlook on this occasion may be clas-
sed as empirical. but in the course of
a long series of observations, I have
linvariably found that occultations
and conjunctions of the planets have
induced disturbances of the weather
,more or less marked. In one remallr-
able instance which I read of. a dis-
turbance was predicted by Saxby from
the data of a future conjunction or
certain planets. In due time the coll-
junction took .place and the "Saxby
Gale" followed.
But why have we had such a won-
derful winter here while South East-
em Europe has axperienced some of
the roughest weather for a century?
And why was the temperature of
Greenland (which is generally .known
as the “Ice-box") 50 degrees above
Zero in the early part, 01 Februar-v,
and at the sanle time the canals of
Venice were frozen over with ice-
boats and skits the order of the
day?
I have been interested in the ex-
periments carried on at New York
University, to determine just how loo-
sters can throw off their limbs, an ac-
iLl0i'l Wl’llCl\ tl18y llldillge In under 35;-
tain circumstances. A fisherman may
be holding a lobster, and apparennly
without any visible movement on the
captive's part, the captor is holding
011'? `an unattached leg! Dr. Wood
lobster flips off his leg at will by flex.
 _
all countries constitutes an interest-
ing example of internationalism, far
surpassing anything that has yet
been achieved in the neld of politics.
The whole system works harmoni-
ously under the general supervision
of a body known as the Intemational
Meteorological Organization, which
has existed since the year 1872. This
meteorological “league of nations" is
to hold one of its periodical confer-
ences in the course of a few months
at Copenhagen. /
And now plans are announced ,for
ological service that will have as its
field or operation the various srlush
colonies in East Africa-Kenya, Zan-
zibar, Uganda, Tanganylka, Northern
Rhodesia and Nyasaland-and will
work in cooperation with the meteor-
ological services of Egypt and South
Africa. It is expected that a number
Congo and in Portugese East and
West Africa will cooperate.
_ .-_
l
I ` _
Greatest
Act at once and avoid diS8Pli°ll\t¥“°“t ma" '
Premium Yet
' ,
1 M/__ 
--A-r 7"' '
f   _
‘ 1'* ft .I
“Everbrite” White Metal Spoons >
For every you-ly, new or rencwal_ subscription
received to The Charlo’ttetown Guardian lt will entitle ,
the son¢lor¢o¢holr'ohoi_ce of ahalf Dm" T” °f D°°°°" I
“Everbrite” White Metal Spoons. _
_ , Hen is your opportunity to get in on a real premium.
_ Only a limited number will be HV?" away' V
' ' Any~8ubs_cri,b_cr senilinirill their °‘"‘ "°“°W*_‘l _“Fld - U
' ons nevryeariy subticrilifiiln Wm l’° “dad t° th’ mu
wlu\oof'=_\ ~ 
GUARDIAN
Offered _
1
i
\_.
thv establishment of a new meteor- ossoolotloh how round itself without
,Of weather statiaas in the Balsiarrwlth the National Association was
OUR PEAT DEPOSIT
A message has come in from a gru-
tleman who has a peat deposit on his
farm, asking me to write a line or_
two on this subject. Ah me, what a
long time it is since I sat beside a
peat fire! So. as it happens, I do knfilv
a little about it and hasten to share
my knowledge with the enquirer.
There are many deposits on this
Island and some day in the near fu-
ture when wood, which is already
getting scarcer, is too ,valuable to
burn, peat will come into its own.
Peat deposits are found on both sides
of the Atlantic, but in the cooler re-
gions only: they do not occur, rough-
ly, between Lat. 45 degrees North, and
45 souzh_"rhey have long been worr-
ed in Ireland, indeed in most districts
there is no other fuel; and in Cumher-
land Eng., in my boyhood, the farm-
ers mixed small coal, and coal dust,
with the peat before it was dry, and
formed it into briquett/es about the
size of a cricket bail, to which they
Save the name *‘cats." '
Peat in those districts varied great-
ly. Some forms reseluled compressed
hay: some are condensed to a com-
pact dark brown material locking like
a black clay and drying to the sem-
blance of lignite. It always contains
much water, up to 90 percent, and ol
course this must be removed before
using the peat for burning or any
other of its many applications.
The "winning" of the peat is done
in this fashion. With a long narrow
spade the peat-worker opens a. trench
about a foot deep, and removes a
"sod" from 3 to 4 feet long. When in,
his judgment he has gone far enough
along, he removes another slice par-
allel to the first and so on till he has
taken the top layer oi1'. If the deposit
is a deep one, he works it ln “steps '
The sods are allowed in drain, and
'then are stacked for GYYUB. Whlcll
takes about a couple of months, dur-
ing which time they are better if
they are turned. That is the sllIiFl€
process, used by the peasautfy- I 11°”
that modern science has in some IRM
countries, revolutionized the industry,
cutting the sod by excavators and
dredges and drying it in heated
chambers.
The low value of the average peat.
-I mean as a fuel-has led to var-
ious processes fol- enhancing its util-
ity. It is now pulped and milled so
that it is more uniform in oon1P°Sl'
tion; it is carbonized and pressed and
the residual water driven off, till at
last it is almost equal to the best coal
and has a lower sulphur content, a-
bout a tenth that of ordinary coal.
Many other products are hidden in
those peat beds. In Ireland they are
getting besides a useful coke, ammon-
ium sulphate, paraffin tar, acetic acid,
ammonia, and calcuim acetate for the
manufacture of acetone. ,
It may also interest my correspon-
dent to know that Sir W. Rams'BY
and R.. W. Wallace, in the Old Coun-
try, produced 26 gallons of motor
spirit (alcohol) from a ton of peat,
and by a. further refinement cipro-
cess 40 gal., of spirit and 66 lbs., of
ammonium sulphate to ' the ton. is
claimed. Processes in transform pest
into wrapping paper, and alsotocon-
vert its nitrogen into nitracts, already
exist: in fact every peat bed is a
potential fortune. But we are shy of
co-operating to realize that fortune.
at Alfred, ontario, there is a Gov-
emment owned plant ‘in operation
which is skid to have produced 15,000
tons of air dried peat last year. The
Dominion Fuel Board’s Report says
that in fuel 'value 22 tons (nearly) of
peat are equal to 10 tons of American
Anthracite. '
Q
has found out how this ls done. The    »
,,,,,.,,,.,‘W“,,.,, 0,, ,,,,,_,e ,,,, INCREASE MEMBERSHIP FEE
Increasing the membership and at
the same time increasing the funds
was apparently the main object of the
executive of the Provincial Fox
Breeders' Association at the annual
meeting yesterday, in the Carls-Rite
Hotel. The financial statement, as
read by the President. showed that
there was a great need for more
funds if the association was to carry
on. The membership had been ln-
cressed during 'the year, but the fee
had been reduced from $3 to $1 tc
achieve this with the result that the
funds. The President claimed that
only a small nlunbers of the ranchers
throughout the Province took advan-
tage of this reduction of the fee, and
though the membership had increas-
ed to 142, it was not enough, when
you considered that the number of
ranchers in the Province registered
886.
Many plans were put forward to
interest ranchers, but it was finally
decided that the only means by
which the association could continue
to function, was ' to raise the fee
again. and ask the National Associa-
tion for funds to cover any\ deficit
that might occur. It was also decid-
ed to further impress upon all ranch-
ers that the association was organ-
izing for the sole purpose of further-
ing the interests of the fox breeders.
grade animals. and a ready market
field, Ont., gave an interesting _ad-
dtell 1‘Slll’d1D{ Odfiditibfld lb thd Noir PAU|\‘ls
mmf no mls '61 the wav tho nhl-
lnlllW9l'9§\k8II6\i’00f§l'l!l’G,lh0
, “At the farm will be found a great
iariety of wild life, including suver. W, may in poor, su; you not as
ind cross and white fox: alscnsher. bmlyag agum."...1,m_,
aoc00n.maI'ten,mink,lynx.b`eavel'.
llnuskrat, stunts, and deer ind Mnandllrs. 3093004 Hiller.
" `"ha-mi|l,."Wehavsals6vnier Clermont, were visitors to the dt!
glean -or muv\nraty me unc --_-_-
swans. ftistnlathat we have not ,Miss 0llvsDslasii.lt
and that when difficulties arise they th
in Canada, are invading e
should immediately get in touch with gmwn .nh
he usocmlom canadian markets to compete w
;_‘.'~§! 
.Ft ` l
. AT At.;
L li,
J rl l t
Y  ` » K., A report showed mn there was gl those Z1'own_ in the United Sta es.
l l' ~ . and grown, in large measure, in hot
' » .1 . ,freat demand in the United States
` _ ` »  nd Bum an cmmmes for mzh_ houses. according to Lionel Devaux,
J pe f representative of the Island of Mwit-
- t who is hers to examine possi-
was always waiting the Canadian Sena' ' _
mf-~ .‘§iI.‘.‘.‘°?..‘i§.”Ii.’Z.“‘3‘.t,.‘.’.§i§‘.‘.“..T'3‘.‘,..f3.
The association decided to change Wim” nd B nh' mont”
the name from "Ontario Branch" to In tm’ ‘ D ‘
l Provincial Silver Fox Breeders' Asso-
ciation. 'ro smusto with the Nation- f'°“‘ M°"“°'°“"" ‘M ""° w’“‘“"'
al body, the Pl-esteem clolmos, they “"4 ’-'°°““‘ ""““"' h” ‘“'°"“’ "°
would have to have a membership of 'Wed lm? :ld W" ";°“'°;:‘g`
33 1-3 per cent of the ranchers in “my by °° ";:m'°L“ ' th ‘W t
Ontario, and so an effort must be "W" “ld 'ml' ‘mm ° °'
made tu mmut mon bnsdm Indies can be marketed here at prices
Dt Rahud :Avi “mhz m.nl§°t of Wl'ii¢h Will OOIIIDGQO With H1086 lm-
the Experimentslrur Farm at Kirk- F‘°'°°d nm th’ Umm 5i"l“' .
I methods employed. and 'what they out you, mmm] qmmgu-3 hm
expoctedf to accomplish in the fut- 5° uv, “mm Wm. mu” mm 5”.
i UFO. gn," ' 1
alive, but the department is securing
as many as possible. The farm has
'only been in operation for a compar-
atively short time and the study of
most of these animals is still in its
infancy in regard to their breeding
habits and nutrition. It is very easy
to draw on the imagination and pub-
lish quantities of literature on fur-
bearing animals based on pure sup-
position as I am afraid has been too
~°f=§,,$5 A   NEWSY FARM NOTES _V"°’°‘ R"~"‘
» RAUST i . By Agricola For The King
a a long lurk book to the eo- m te 1 sl - "’°"*"’ °°“"""'“" '° “" -
ment by ultra-violet rays lies in their
enect upon the blood.
Besides the ordinary red corpuscles
(the tiny discs which give the blood
its characteristic color) there are a
minority of small white cells nost-
ing in it. The first might be com-
pared with the merchant navy, which
carries cargoes of oxygen. The sec-
ond, fiying the white ensigrl instead
pared with the merchant navy, which
repels and destroys invading mic-
robes.
Ultra-violet rays, acting on the
blood-vessels of the skin, stimulate
They can penetrate only a minute
it is impossible for them to have any
direct action upon the deeply situated
chemical changes in inanimate sus
One of these clianges is the produc-
yet of these rays. The sun‘s light is
the human eye.
crashing through solid substances,
Gamma-rays of radium, they are
the body so as greatly to increase the °‘°h' whim kept Cfmftantly burningj
number of them cem_ Each lamp, of 45,000 candle po\\‘er,`,
Haw they do it is sm] E mystery was placed at a distance of about five
feet from the plant, illuminating a.
rraouoo or on meh into the body, so 5“’f“°° “me” fee* S°“‘"°- f
mac” ` medicinal application of ultra-violet
' rays. _
tion of vitamins. It is likely that the crated by DHSSUIS HH eleci-F10 SDHYK
some kind of thing happens. when through a long quartz tube, one end‘
they act directly upon the blood. ofwhich is filled with mercury. An- l
It ls not strange that this secret other usual type 1s.Pra¢t1cai1y.an or-
should not yet have been discovered, dinary 81'!! lump. With Carbon Or'
for, indeed, we know very little as flmssteli €l€¢tr0d9S-
largely composed of them. but to cali is a fairly simple matter, their abpli
them "light" might appear to be a cation for healing purposes is not. It` A'  & 
mignomgr, ginge they gre invisible fp l'€q\lll'€S DOL only t€Cl'iI1lCal Skill, blli. WHULESALE as RETAIL
STBAWBEEBIES COME HIGH
The illustrious members of the
French Academy of Science, recently -
had an epicurean treat. Imagine them 
"tasting strawberries with the care and ’
sped.; ¢,“f_m¢n¢ given me King is thoughtluiness which a gourmet gives 
described by a physician in the fol-
lowing article in the London Daily
Mail.'The great advantage of treat-
to a glass of rare wine. These were no I
ordinary strawberries. They had cast,
$5 each, ripening beneath an artificial `
sun.
The President of the Academy, M.
Mangin, who had kept everybody
guessing as to the contents of a bi!
basket before him, at last opened iii
with a flourish, and announced;
"Gentlemen, we will now have some
electric strawberries!"
He revealed fifty little pots, each
holding one strawberry plant: the
leaves were pale green and the ber-
ries large, luscious, and bright rcd.
They had been grown in t”-he cellar,
th president explained. under two.
'ruhgsten electric lamps of 1,100 wams i
The plants started growing the first
day they were submitted to the treat-
organs which normally control such|;';m1°"d dm; ?°r:'°r5 mrmed gui”
an increase. But we know that they r pene ° Y days' just ” t
are capable of causing profound _
In this type of lamp they are gen-
Though the working of both these
the wide knowledge of medicine as a.
i
the time it normally takes lniullfllet
in the open sir.
By this means strawberries could be
obtained all the Wir around, M. HIM
gin assured his audience, but some 9!
the eminent professors seemed dil-
posed to treamre their berries rather
than eat anything so little which had
cost so mucil. The Tungsten lamp!
employed in the process are especial'
ly rich in the. yellow and orange ray!
which are essential for germination
and ripening.
_ A morn our-reamlrs '-
A meeting of the Masonic Dodge
will be held on Thursday night ln.
the halL-New Zealand paper. '
Unfortunately most wives are up
to the Masonic Dodge-Punch. -
|dlnard'l Lhllmcrlt for lore Throat.
Sugar Beet |
Pulp
Is recognized as one of the best
and most prontable Feeds at
this season of the yell:
We now have on lmnd a good
supply which we are selling at
a low ltioe compared with other
Feeds. Special prices in ton
lots or more.
All! f0l' Prices and advertis-
ing matter. _
They are curiously delicate as coin- whole, which only training and ex-` 
pal-ed with other nys, Instead of perience can give. , 4431-2-8-12-lt.
5
"ke mek mmm th, X_m,s and the ill ,
...........,....,....... Headquarters for Silver Foxes
t _ _
‘T mm M “el” on the skin is an . For a number of years I have made
insurmountable obstacle' to them.    
(Every woman knows that an oily
cosmetic will prevent sunbum, which  ‘
they caan) smoke' 5°°t_ or moisture My connections with Earls, London and belpslg assures you
, best results. My commission is 5%. All other Raw Furs
in the air will prevent their passage. I Mum outright
They will not even penetrate ordinary gh", ,vb ,mg ng bm |»,m|¢|_
glass. Quartz, which the rays will
pass, is used as a substitute for glass P' J’  '
ln the homers or the “Mercury vsp- ' "5 "- """ 3'" W" M°"T“”‘- °“'~
vur” lamp wmmonly used for the ii
ness-lo-zu susan 12 w -
/
often done in the past. but it is an-
other thlng to secure really reliable ' €“
ata
d founded on facts and actual
practice, and it will not be accomp-
lished in a short time but will be a
more or less gradual process as vs
gain experience (rom year to yea
Domestic animals have been und
observation for many years now, an
yet there is still a tremendou
amount of work being carried on lr
every civilized country in the world
regarding their health and nutrition. `
As a matter of fact it is during the
past five years that the most impor- 
tant contribution to our knowledge of
a rational feeding operation hsscomc
to light, and the problem have by
no means all been solved yet."
Tomatoes From
West Indies
Garden tomatoes, similar to those
The first shipment of tomatoes.
__._9__.-_-__
"The way for you to -straighten
'Within our means! Certainly not I
E
as-yetonbandalargsnumberofihe :st pressntasoeltofhcr
fsainalassihlwan hanitosmrs
§
r
\  
_ “|MPEIiIALS” are Ideal Winter
“fs
FOX
AND DOG
BlS§_UlT
f»D0
IM P ERI/1. [_
Their Gholee
Fox Food
°/
'94lANcEb'\1i3\°`
(
At this season all ranchers are interested in obtaining of large litters of young
form. Proper feeding of the vixens at this crucial time is most essentlaL Our out-
standing successful feeders have found IMPERIALS to supply the necessary food re- .
quirslrwnts of the breeding season. They also correct irregularities, keeping the animals
healthy and Viliirous and in addition, ensure vlxens a plentiful dow of milk for the
nuns vuln-
Wlnter feeding 0|’ IMPEBIALS has practically eliminated destruction of young li!
fsalsies. ' ‘  .... ........
RESULTS IUSTIFY CLAIMS FOB UIPEBIALS
The largest litters born  season and aisoths highest average of papa raised to
maturity-were in ranches where IMPEBIALS comprised a most important put of the
lsily winter diet.
, xoopalllmslnpplyolnsraalansoahsosaeuisomna
_ Seldbylsadlngdlstribatorsordlrsetfromfsotory.
IMPERIAL BISCUIT CO.. LTD. “
Phone 721. Charlottetown, P. E. I. '
. Ii
 
BOX 500
- ,
Liatscz 4 ~ _~r~o--- ;-.-s -~ ~ _
_ ,_ ` ~.n“m,fss:aa;ie ‘X ==='=-rf ~
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_¢_,