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- fPA:eE=N'1Nn 
THE OYSTER INDUSTRY 
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Following lathe report on "The
oyster Industry of Prince Edward Is-
land," which was made by Prof. H. li.
Shaw, to the Domlnlon's Royal Tra...o
Commission :-
From the earliest times the oysters
of Prince Edward Island have been
famed for their excellent quality and
the importance of protecting the
oyster resources was realized as early
as 1825. when the following colonial
statute .was enacted:
WHEREAS the oyster beds within
this island have of late years been
much injured by extensive exportation
of the oysters and by the taking up
and burning oysters for iinie.
"(1) And be it enacted therefore
by the Lieutenant-Governor, Council
and Assembly, that from and after the
passing of this Act, no oysters shall
be exported from this Island for the
space of seven years; any oysters
taken up for exportation shall be liable
to forfeiture, and the Master of any
boat or vessel receiving any oysters
on board any such boat or vessel for
exportation shall be liable to a pen-
nity 'of £20 to be recovered in the
Supreme Court of .iudicature by bill,
plaint or information; one half where-
of shall be paid to the treasurer of
this Island for and on behalf' of His
Majesty and the other half to any
person who shall sue for same. And
it shall and may be lawful for the
said Supreme (iourt to order costs to
be paid by the Defendant in such bill,
plaint or inforiiiatioii.
“(2) And be it enacted by the
authority aforesaid that ,from and
after the passing of this Act, no person
or persons shall use any oysters taken
from any oyster bed for thc purpose
of burning the same into lime under
a penalty of £10 for ent-li offence over
and above the forfeiture of the linie
so burned, to bc recovered with costs
in mauiier herein before provided and
to be divided as aforesaid.
"(3) And bc it enacted that this
Act shall be iii force and continue for
the space of seven years from the
passing of same, March 24, 1825.
At the expiration of this Act in 1832
the clause prohibiting the burning of
oysters was reenacted and in 1840 the
exportation of oysters was prohibited
for another period of seven years.
The first Act providing for a close
season was passed on May 2, 1864. it
forbade the flshiiig, selling or having
in possession of oysters from June lslt
to September lst ot' each year. iii
1805 an Act was passed enabling the
Lieutenant Governor iii Council to
grant grounds in certain portions of
Sliemody, Dunk, Ilillsborough. llrude-
iiell and (lardlgaii Rivers. The grant
was for twenty years with the option
of renewing it for u further period oi’
forty years., The grant became void
li the rent was not paid within 30 days
utter becoming due.
’l‘lie application was made to the
Lieutenant-Governor iii Council with
plan attached certified by a land sur-
veyor and after 30 days notice iii thc
(laizette was sold ily public niictiuii ut
the Colonial Building in (lliarlottciowii
to the highest bidder.
’i`iie owner of the forcsliore was en-
titled to receive a grant on applica-
tion.
The taking of oysters was also con
fined by statute to residents in thc col-
cuy. -
in 1860 nu Act was passed reizailat-
ing the cancelling of oyster grunts
.viiereby tim coniponsution was iixcd
by three comiiiissiouers with provis-
ions for appeal froiu their decision
to the Supreme Court.
iii 1872 ii nrniit oi' oyster bottom in
the Narrow:-i iviis made to W. li. Pops
for the sum of £05 and nn niiiiuiii fin t
rent of one shilling. He was permit-
ted to procure oysters during thc
noutlis of July and August of that
:scar and stock the urca. Tiioy w<,i'o
bought at S‘.c. and sold in thi- full ii.
Moiitreal at from $2.50 to $4.00 per
lizirrcl.
In 1873, when Prince Edward Island
entered into Coiifeileratioii, the oyster
fishery came under tho Doiiiinion
regulations which provided a close
season for oyster fisiiiiig from June
lst to September lst in each year.
These regulations uric in force un-
till 1885 when an Order-iii-(louncil
was approved extending the close sca-
son to September 15th in eiicli your.
in 1887 a Couiinfsitioii consisting of
Messrs, Edward Hackett, of Tixziiisii,
l’. Ei I., Alfred Ogden. of liulifax, N.
S., W. B. Deacon, of Sliodinc. N. li..
and J. Hunter Diivur. of'l’riiice Co.,
ig:-i
if
,.6
5.151,
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1 ` 0
A L",i»\
There is Nothing
Mysterious
this
ici
'ii‘.‘ll€“"i»‘»i.li‘i§i‘3.`§”'»1'w=f
and 1 mimqulrlns °ri»°fi°§fr°
is in reality A limPl° lf' °
d ct th ir It 9
chudntz mo" uite .as row!
on their olden. is give 331%
courteous urvic
stent endeavor. Thilbmk Ill:
been In business for 88 1°”
mi our ii ion euioy fl"
promotion 3°: Reserve Fund
nearly double the ClPifl|~ W’
invite tiopolitl. ’°
The Bank 0f _
Nova Scotla
li
° 7711.00
n Y
'ot September in oooh year. both days
i
P- E- X-» WHS Hpnoiuted to investigate
and report on the condition and re~'
quireuients of the fishery and present.
§}<1If}hZ`f°ll0wiiis report to the non.
‘. . ester, Minister of Marine and
Bisheriesz-
t Slaid Commissioners were nominated
0 nquirelnto and report upon the
lobster and oyster fisheries of the
Atlantic Maritime Provinces of the
Dominion of Canada, and to offer re.
comuiendations for the preservation
an'd development of these fisheries.
l`lie lobster flsliery of the Dominion
is U19 Blllliect of a separate report and
is of this date laid before your Honor.
'I_‘lie (.oniiiiissioiiershave personally
visited the greater number of the oys-
ter grounds in the four provinces inur-
giiiing the Gulf of St. Lawrence and
have to express their view that the
live oyster beds are of much larger ex-
tent than they anticipated, and if lud-
iciously supervised. must form a not
uiiiniportant item in the national re-
sources of Caiiuda.
The quality of tho oysters on the
natural live beds of the lower provin-
ces varies much, owing to the nature
of the bottoin in oyster waters, the
depth, and differing salinity of the wat-
er, the shelter, thermal ililfereiice and
other natural features tiiat; have u.
bearing on the case.
Along`tlie greater part of the shore
of the (init of St. Lawrence, east of'
Ga_spe, are evidence that oysters once
existed in linineiise diiaiititics as is
shown by deposits of dead oyster
shells, which in places are not less
than twenty feet in depth. lu some
places (but not in all) these beds coiiid
he roplunted or revived.
_ The decadence (death) of thc oyster
in thesc places is expiaiiinlilc by thc
ciicipaciiniciit of the sea on the drift-
ing beaches. by the clearing away of
forests, nitcriiig the siiullow iiinrgiiis
of the shores 'and from other caiisos
too ubstrurc for the (loiiiinissioiicrs
now to go into.
The floiiimissioiiors have, iiowcver,
fo_uiid tliut iiic iinturnl livc oy.-itcr boils
of the Proviiiccs of New llrunswick
and Prince Iddwaril lsiuiid und, per-
haps of Cape ilreton mid elsewhere in
Nova Scotia, ure of large value as a
fishing rcsoiircc. and that thcrc is
iiiuch ground nvziliulile in :ill thc At-
lantic Maritime Provinces for profit-
able privzitc culture under zt liberal
system that would induce private per-
sons to devote their care to the indus-
ry.
The oyster fishery is different from
lobster and otiier fisheries in that it
is prosecuted without expense.
A boat. worth $10 and an oyster tongs
costing $1 are all the material requir-
ed. So fur as the (lomniissioners can
leiirii there are no vessels specially
inillt for thc oyster trade. Large num-
bers oi’ sciiooners iiiovc annually to
tho oyster beds and flsli tiiein with
tlioiinouni crow, but these vessels are
a part of the ordinary coasting marine
and cannot be taken into account as
part of the oyster fishing plant. It
may be ineiitioned that for want of a
systein ot' registration or license, no
account can be obtained of the quali-
tities taken by this fleet of one or two
iiiiinlrcd sail. it ls, however, evident
that mucii greater quantities of oys-,
ters are taken than appear on the
ofliciul returns. And it is not too much
to say that half as many young oysters
are destroyed hy reckless fishing as
appear in the lilue-book. Say a. fur-
ther 20,000 or 110,000 barrels recklessly
destroyed annually without benefit to
niiyoiie and to the great detriment of
the beds.
iii the nbsdiirc of niiy system oi' reg-
istration. tho vuluc of plant employed
in thc (‘uii:iilinii Oyster i¢"shery is
a muitcr of iiierc calculation. Per-
haps the ioiioiriig upi'.i-ox.ii'aiies uae
ii--ui'l_v us p‘ss'.-lc to accurn- \‘;
l‘. I-I. lz=i:ii\.‘ lo" l-oats and tonite;
value $10,050; produce last year, 33,-
125 bnrrels. ra
N. ll.. 550 boots und toiigs,vnlue
$6,100; produce lust year, 28,083 liar-
rols. '
N. S., R0 hosts and tongs; value
$330; protluce lust year, l,Zl97 bnrrcls.
An oiitilt (toiul value) of $17,000
would cover tho whole oystcr fishery
-~giviiig niirllal oinployiiicnf. during
three iiiontiis to perhaps 1,500 men who
'inay hc descrilieil us only "occzisioiiill
fislieriiieii."
The bouts are not used solely for
oyster fishing. They are the ordinary
all-work bouts that every farmer with
water frontage possesses.
lu addition to the floating plant
about sixty tliousniid barrels are an-
nually rcqiiircil. but those are empty
iioiir lirirrois nt 12 1-2 cents a piece.
it will tiiiis be seen that the oyster fish-
cry is i-urried on without capital.
Tiioro is no regulation of the fishery
whntsocvcr, cxcoptiiig a close scasoii
from June lst to September liitli iii-
clusive; and shore wardens without
iionts are utterly powerless to check
poachiiig in the close season.
A series of charts of existing oyster
beds and of probable oyster
grounds would necessitate prolonged
und expensive actual survey ami
should be made under thc care of u.
general superintendent of oyster cui-
ture. The Commissioners have care-
fully gone over the evidence and beg
to make the following observations
and recommendations:
"(1) They would respectfully re-
commend to Your Honor‘s con-
sideration that one general law of reg-
ulation should cover the whole of the
Canadian Atlantic sea-board with the
following provisions, namelyz-
"(1) That existing oyster beds'be
reserved to the public and that their
limits be officially defined;
“(2) That mud-digging be prohib-
ited wltliin sixty yards of any officially
recognized workable live oyster bed;
and that suitable portions of bays.
creeks, estuaries or harbor be consid-
ered closed for oyster fishing and
said closed portionsbs laid off for the
digglngs of shell manure;
"(3) That bays of considerable ex-
tent in which there are many oyster
beds be marked off in two or more div-
isions and that the divisions be fished
only in aitemnte years;
“(4) That for the present, the
present close season be retained
iimel from the lst of June to the 15th
inclusive.
"(6) Thai. under o penalty of for-
feiture of boot and appurtenances no
oyster that does not measure fully
two inches in diameter of shell, nor
HIW long (oblong) oyster that does not
measure fully three inches of outer
shell and that posession of such under-
sized oysters by any person shall be
punished by fine.
“(6) That all winter fishing be pro-
hibited for oysters (Commissioner
Ogden dissenting.)
“(7) Temporary or permanent pro-
clainations to close localities where
the supply is so nearly exhausted as to
warrant closure.
“(8) That under section 21, sub-
section 4,, of the Fisheries Act, a lib-
eral inducement be offered under a
system of leases to persons who will
undertake under stringent regulations
to grow oysters on private beds; tiiat
is to say.-that a lease be given (un-
der bonds) for not more than nine
years (renewable) at a nominal rent
for the first three years conditional on
a sufficiency oi' brood oysters being
planted on the area within one year
after date of the issue of the lease.
The Government to have a lien on such
planted beds.
"(9) Easy and inexpensive ar-
rangements, by which persons owning
water frontage may lease their own
loreshores for oyster culture from the
Government.
“(10) That Parliament be invited
to appropriate a sum or sums for the
formation of oyster beds in various
waters and places found adapted for
that purpose and for the transplanting
of oysters and restocking exhausted
fisheries by natural or artificial means
-in accordance with section 21, sub-
section 5 of the Fisheries Act.
“(11) The appointineiit of a re-
sponsible officer of fisheries, capable
of the position and to rank with the
Superintendent of Pisclculture as Gen-
eral Siiperiiitciidoiit oi' -i-,-yster Fisher-
ies and tn have geiierni siiperiiiteiid-
ence of nil public and private oyster
culture;
“(12) A system of registration of
oyster bouts, with otlici' doiuils, to be
arranged by the llepnrtineiit,
“With reference to clause XII, Mr.
(iomniissioner Ogden iuovcd that the
insertion of the word “free” system
of ilegistrution, ctc.
Mr. (iominissioner Deacon moved
seconded by Commissioner Duvar, that
the annual registration fee for oys-
ter boats be one dollar, carried, Mr.
Ogden dissenting.
lu 1892 oyster fishing through the
ice was prohibited. in 1893 a proper
code of regulations was adopted
which were as follows:
“(1) No person shall fish for or
catch oysters without. a lease or lic-
ense froiii the Minister of Murine and
Fisiierics.
"(2) 'l‘lic owner, person or persons
interested in ti fishing boat employed
in the oyster fishery shall cause a
ineinoruiiduin in writing, setting forth
the name of the owner, person or
persons interested to be filed with the
local fishery officer, who, if no valid
objections exist, may, under instruc-
tions of the Minister of Marine and
Fisheries, issue a fishery license for
the same and any boat of fishing ap-
paratus used with such license, shall
be deemed to be illegal and liable to
forfeiture, together with the oysters
caught therein, and the owner or per-
son using the same shall be subject
to the penalties prescribed by the
Fisheries Act.
"(3) All boats fishing for oysters
shall have a registration number cor-
responding with that of the license leg»
ibly marked or printed on the bow of
the bout, in which colored letters on
xi black ground mid the initial letter
of the port to which such boat belongs,
such letters to be at least eight inches
long.
“(4) Oysters shall not be iislied for,
caught, killed, bought, sold or had lu
possession between June ist and Sop-
tcmber 15th in each year, both days
inclusive.
“(5) Fishing nf oysters or any
other shell iisli through the ice is pro-
hibiteti.
“(6) No person shall fish for. catcli,
kill, buy, sell or have iii posscssioii
niiy round oystcrs of n size less than
two iiiclics in ilinnioter of shell, nor
any long oysters nicasuriiig less than
three inches of outer shell.
“(7) Round oysters of a size less
than two inches in diniiieter and long
oysters ineasuriiig less than three
inches on the outer shell that may bc
accidently cniiglit slinil be returned to
the water alive at the cost and risk
of tho person so fishing on whom in
evcry case shall devolve the proof of
actual liberation.
Provided always flint persons iiold-
ing fishery llc(-uses may olitnin from
the Miiiistor oi' Marine and Fisheries
permission to iisli for and catch small
oysters for thc purpose of piiiiiting or
stocking oyster beds. Fishiiig for
oysters is prohibited on Suiidiiy and
from sunset to sunrise on any other
day of the week.
"(8) No person shall dig mussel-
mud within two hundred yards from
any live oyster bed and then only at
such places or place as may be pre-
scribed in writing by the Fishery Of-
flcer.
"(9) The use of rakes for the pur-
pose of taking oysters on any beds
prepared and planted by the Depart-
ment of Marine and Fisheries is pro-
hibited.
On September 10, 1898 the use of
drags or dredges on the public bed of
Prince Edward Island was prohibited
for that season; alto for the seasons
of 1898, 1900 and 1901.
On September 13, 1901, the close
season was extended to September 22,
and in 1004 it was still further extend-
ed so ns to prevent fishing in Rich-
mond Bay from May lst to September
22nd which regulation-became effective
elsewhere in 1905 and in that year the,
silo limit was increased by three inch-
es ior round oysters and three and
one-half for long oysters. It was,
however, provided that the Minister
Dil. DaVAll’S FRENCII PILLS f,‘iZ°‘a‘2
ati for wonion a horror thru for
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FRY’S COCOA maintains the vigor and the bloom of youth because 8
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Truro. Montreal Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary Edmonton, Vancouver, Victoria
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Trade Supplied by 76 5
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oysters for stocking purposes.
in 1901 an Order-in-Couiicil wus np-
proved prohibiting mud digging in it
certain portion of Trout River and
Bideford River. lii 1907 the closo scu-
son was further extended to include
from April lst to September 30th und
tlieuse of any impieineiits other tlinii
the oyster tongs and rake was prohib-
ited.
The regulations with the various am-
endments were embodied in the Con-
lid t d G neral Fishery Regulations
so ae__e___ ________ _____
(Continued rn page ten.)
 
1 will offer for sale by auction, on
the premises at Kelvin. the farm of the
inte William Glover, consisting of 100
acres of excellent land, known as the
"Johnston property", situated 1,5 miie
from Kelvin siding, and 1% miles
from Kensington Station. This farm
is in n high state of fertility, is well
watered, ond adequately fenced with
cedar and wire; also 1 6-ft. hay mow-
er, nearly new; 5 jnunting sieighs; 1
miloh cow, 1 set driving harness, I
budalo robes, new.
Bolo takes place, Friday, October
23, at 1 p. m.
Terms to suit purchaser, Anyone
desiring information on above named
proaerty coll to see owner, Mrs. Lo-
vin Glover, Kensington.
, HUGH MORRISON.
Auctioneer.
Kensington, Oct. 18, 1914.
might give permission to take small,
YOU MAKE
A BIG MISTAKE
IF you allow anyone to tell you that we do not sell tickets over the Canadian
Pacific Railway.
We sell tickets over every line of Railway in Canada or the United
States.
We can sell you your ticket from any point to any other point connected
by rail or passenger steamships. 1
, We make a specialty of planning circuit trips which will allow our pas-
sengers to take in the greatest number of points of interest.
~ - If you will favorrus with your businees we will promise you a service ai-
ways the sa_me. We will secure your sleeping car berths for you on any line or
lines and will guarantee our rates to be as low and in some cases lower as
those of any other agent.
If you_ do not take advantage of this service which is offered by no other
agency in Prince Edward Island, you lose more than we do.
w.  T pecans
fisherman shall bring-ndttiro:‘;(uo\pt-' , ,
~- om-ma mount) my mini sua at nuiin nmnwro 8019-SIMM i 
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