` \~. `;mRUARY'9’ ’°‘° ' icseialorrarowu-GUARDIAN PAGE gm; ' mi 2"- "»‘-"“'#?l' "s.¢.‘._.:ct-1..-.§..::,*¢ _. .--;,- ‘ 1- .-=~.---f..,r -.;;.'-,rf-f , . .. 'f`3»,"/‘,$T"’t‘ '-if .§~>,."°“.i`.`-\»"ff‘f»§~"i,i‘ 4? 131,?-,;.,\.i,i 5 -- "ff "-".."5.`-a`-l "-.9 ‘ »' T1" =',;:-,""~"">“"» For Parents. Teachers. Pu Ds. 4 'm 'rim FARMER Farmers and others interested are invited ,-to contribute to The Farm, 'ii‘he, Turf. and _Good roads departments of The Guardian either UI ouestion. correspondence or otherwise. Answers will_bs give , sy experts to all questions ot’ géiier-al interest, and space will be given to any ~ article that will in any, way help to advance Prince Edward Island interests, _ Contributors .are asked to have their articles at this office early each week, as only a short emergency item can be handled as late as one p. m. Wednesday. All received after that hour cannot appear until the following week. ..___._______ THE $CHO0L AND THE HOME \ . » MEDICINAL PLANTS E. G. in the Weekly Cape Times, South Africa, describes some of the fruits and flowers to be found in the Public Gardens of Cape Town. He says "there are some who visit the garden for the healing virtues of tree or root." and he gives the following de» scriptlon of some useful medicinal plants and of some thai. are dan- gsf‘0\lil. "For example, here is a small tree with a light-green leaf. known to the jealous fraternity of botanists, who lock up their secrets under pedantic labels, as the “Cutba. Edula." The leaves of this tree at one time disap- peared as though a legion of caterpil- lars emerged in the night to browse and then mysteriously vanished. One dayau Arab was found plucking the leaves. stuffing some of them into his -blouse, others into his mouth, He was taken to the Police Court, and the first thing he did, when the leaves were ex- posed as an "exhibit" of the crime was to snatch them up and illl his_ mouth. "Mad," said the police. “Not mad," said the prosecutor, and the Arab was fined 10s.~ and told if he re- quired the leaves he was to ask. when he would receive a due allowance pro- vided be explained their use. The Arab explained that the leaves were a good medicine for stomach complaints and they gave immunity from dis- ease, and served also to keep the sen- try‘ot\ his post wakeful. Evidently the very stuff for the trenches, The Catha easily propagated from roots. Then, 'owing-,flow down. in the\sh_ale is _ _a thy, road assegai blade, known as the Sauseria to botanists and 'iii the Snake Leaf to farmers in the coast lands. where it grows thickly. The root of this plant is taken, bruised and used for piles. Urgent requests for it are made from officials who have lived In the Trenskei. Then there is an Agave. which is in certain request as a cure for rheuma- tism. A poultice is placed on the skin over the affected part_ and raises a blister to begin with. The Paper Tree also has its votarles among the Ma- laya, who strip off the outer bark till they expose a flue silk and elastic lay- er, which they strip off to use for cov- ering sores or wounds. Another blist- ering juice is obtained from the Baunt and fluted Euphorbia. which wecps white when it is pierced. This white milk would take -the bristles off a wire-hair brush, and it is so hot that when .assoinetimes happens, a swarm oi wiid bees build honeycomhs in the hollow of the_tree the honey is like ure to th_e throat. If lu a country district where the Euphorbia grows nomo youngster asks you, with easor- uess i _“you like honey." go carefully lest. you ties liquid fire into your mouth. li, beware of the Toxlcop- hilae! Veneata. The name alone is enough. but the bush has a pleasing appearance, and its berries are of a deep pu le, in size like a ripe olive. Sqgsggqrghe berry and out comes a white ntl It which was used by na- tives ag,a poisonous dlp fp’ lllvll' arrows.” . - ..._..__---- How rornsrsse A cl-fucken the head and feet taken pot so delicate as th it on the body of he chicken and can be thrown sway; HOW T0 ROAST A CHICKEN ' A young. tender chicken needs to roost about twenty minutes to the pound. lf the chicken is tough, cover the bottom of the roasting pau with water and let the chicken steam for about an hour. Then let it roast in a hot oven-till tender. - . Fill' f°“\ios. the chicken is first stuffed with dressing, then dredged with flour and put -into a hot roasting pan. Pour a little hot _water in the bottom or the pan. Bsste the chicken if frequent intervals beginning after the chicken has been in the oven about half an hour. - A few slices of bacon. or a little but- ler or chicken fat, placed on top of the chicken while roasting improve Its flavor. ‘ DRESSING FOR ROAST CHICKEN Stale bread _ 2 tablespoons butter 2 cups bread crumbs 1 onion cut in small pieces 1 teaspoon salt ‘A teaspoon pepper ‘liz teaspoon celery salt. Soak the bread in cold water. Steam the -onions in the butter for flflve min- utes. Squeeze tbe bread out in a piece of cheese cloth, Mix with onions, add seasoning and fill the cavity in the chicken with the mixture. Sew the opening together, or fasten with scewers. The liver, chopped fine, is a good ad- dition to dressing. If you want to use the liver elsewhere, an egg will add flavor and richness, or chopped ap- ples, or cbestnuts, previously cooked soft, will improve the flavor. CARRIER PIGEONS- » ARE USED AS SPIES A harmless appearing pleon flying over the trenches may be an danger- ous to the safety of the army as the fastest scouting aeroplane. In the January Popular Science Monthly ap- pears a timely description of how the carrier pigeon often carries a tiny camera fastened to its breast, and how it takes 30 photographs during a flight of six miles. “Last of all,” says the writer “in the revival of methods and instru- ments used in the warfares of medieval times and even of an- tiquity comeg word that pigeons, the carriers of intelligence in times of stress in remote eras, are used as pho- tographs of the positions of the enemy. lt is a strange medley, the airship, the last, and most daring in- vention of man‘s brain, rising in the early dawn to search out and photo- graph tbe foe's movements, and the graceful pigeon, so .frequently men- tioned in the stories of early days. soaring, perhaps nt the same moment “But modern ingenuity has added, something to the elder roles of the into a photographer. The only authenticated reports of the pigeon’s use for this purpose have been of a German invention, some of the pigeons having been brought down behind the allied lines. Whether the allies have tried the same means of getting photographs of German en- trenchments and troops is a matter of conjecture. HOW TO CORN BEEF. Use the cheaper cuts of meat from the lower part of the body. Cut into convenient chunks of about equal thickness. Pack the ment first in salt. using eight pounds of salt for each 100 pounds of sugar, two ounces baking remitlned eight or twelve -hours in the salt' pack. add a brine composed of four pounds of sugar, two ounces beking soda. four ounces sail-PB”`°. dissolved in four gallons of water. This should be enough to cover the meat. but if not, add more water. Put a weight on the meat to keep it beneath the brine, as any exposed parts will spoil. Keep the vessel in a cool place, and leave the meat in a brine until you are ready to use it. lf the brine appears ropy or thick, pour it off, wash the meat and repack in new brine. Tho brine or corned beef must be watched closely. as the slightest taintlng of the brine results in soured meat. hoof spoiling much more readily tfhan pork. -G. E. Morton. Colorado Agricultur- al College. q ”Mqm “tgp ge coctmf § \ WHITEW-ASH FOR MITEB. Cover the Inside oi' the Poultry House, Uss.8prsy PUMP- to be a successful you must sap all They BTO are the your floclr_ can get rid of them _if 1-lsve a thorough house- some fine da! f-llll' °°m"1¢ Clean up the dirty MUN the room sud scrape them. out the dirty nests If me mly infested. hilfll us _QM ` alll!! BBW 0116!. own the bwebl from the to act as an aerial scout. 1 carrier pigeon-and has turned him, 1110512" time -to do the job. lt you will do 6003111. _ FEEDING I-IEN8 BY LAMPLIGHT _ _.__ "I have rgbiie a little _advance in Poultry foo ,s for winter eggs with Plymouth Rock hens thatbas not P09!! ' told before _that I ln'to'w_of." writes James ll. Bellamy, Kleegkeyyshi Seek-. in the Nor'-West Farmer. "One cause of failure to get winter eggs is the shortness of time that hens have for feeding in December and January. lhave tried warming the house, and saw artificial boa; tried with poor suc- cess. Now. l have taught my hens to feed by lampllght, both night and moflllllg. i_n,a. cold house that frezes the eggs. This proves that the length °f f9BCI|llZ time is the cause. I em setting 1 sood supply or eggs since December 10th.” Tl-IE FARM FLOCK IN WINTER On a few farms there is a liberal supply of fresh eggs daily, but on the majority of farms, the complaint is made that the hens will not lay dur- ing the winter months. There is no particular breed that refuses to lay. but all come in for condemnation. If a few farmers can secure the much- prized hen fruit the year round, and especially when prices are high, why cannot all do the same? Yet, the same breed of fowl has been kept in the same style of pen and fed the same rations by two men living not over twenty rods apart, and the one flock was laying while the other was idle. The reason is hard to account for. If eggs can be produced anywhere it should be on the farm, where every facility is present for rearing strong, healthy birds. and me feeds grown to give a ration suitable for egg produc- tion. If the chicks are hatched the last of April or the first of May. they should be developed enough to com- mence laylng by November_ The hen is particular that her winter quarters are clean, well-ventilated, free from drafts, light, and dry. If a suitable pen is not already provided, there is fre- quently an .old building around that could be fixed up, at very little cost. to answer the requirements mention- ed. A cotton front appears to give the most satisfactory ventilation, and a window in the south end of the bulld- ing allows suflicient light, The ven- tilator in the roof is not satisfactory, us if allows the heat to escape with- out a complete change of air, conse- quently there is a clammy odor in the building. and a certain amount of dampness These conditions can be im- proves by closing the ventilator, and putting cotton on a. portion of the front. It does not make so much differ- ence what kind of a floor is put in the pen so long as it is dry. ln order to allow the hens as mlich floor space as ,pbsslble, a dropping board can be paced under the rosts, high enough from the floor to allow the hens room underneath to scratch. Where the dropping board is used it must be cleaned regularly. A mistake frequently made..ls limit- ing the fowl to one or two kinds of feed. Like everything else. they like a variety, and nowhere is this available to the extent it is on the farm. Wheat is considered the best all-round feed, but is not enough in itself. On every farm oats are grown, and yet few feed them to the hens, claiming the hull to be too thick. They may not be picked _up as readily as other grains, bu; if crushed just enough to show the white kernel, they are readily eaten and are almost equal to wheat for producing eggs. Com is a very good winter feed but is of too heating a nature to be fed to any extent during the summer. Buckwheat is also a good egg-produc- ing feed, but must be fed carefully, Green feed. as cabbage or roots,should enter into the daily ration. These are usually grown in abundance on the '-farm. but are often forgotten when feeding the hens. Another feed gener- ally available is clover leaves, which are exceptionally good for the birds. and can be fed either dry or steamed_ The city poutlry keeper often pays a good price for these things during the winter,” but where they cost the least their value is seldom recognized. Dur ing the summer the fowl pick up grit and shell when on free range, when winter comes and they are confined to closed quarters they have no means of securing the material to grind their feed, nor make shell, unless it is sup plied them by the feeder. Grit and oy ster shell should he before the birds all all the time. I; is surprising the quantity of shell the hens will eat once they start laying. Another feed found on most farms is skim-milk. this has a hlgh‘value, especially when sour- ed before feeding to the hens. lt takes tho place of beef scrap and serves as a drink In feeding for of grains should of straw. this and the blood the feed can birds are on _the time. A would be a mixture a deep litter birds work circulation lf secured the o winter mis, you :vin nas that :hs uss__a».ve " f -~ _H Dlrtbd or som t heuhouse’ “ o. whose owner is ngt at god a 7 . _ -trymsn as you.-University of Wis-_-» » _ ' ' ` ` _ ' nA_l8|No Tl-is oslsv cow. . A prontable cow cannot be raised in ayear. It dates back to the ancestors. and. if they were unprofitable the ,cbanoeoare that their progeny will be hprofltable. and vice versa. Having ’Hr3 righththe dalryman must start his -fe w en the calf is in the embryo _stage by -properly caring for the mo- ther, _and then be prepared to' care for and feed the young calf from the time it is droliiled. the proper rations required to produce a strong, lusty ani- mal. It is well known that a neglected heifer calf never makes the most proll- table dairy cow. The value of the call at birth depends largely on its hreeo- ing, but the feed and care is receives while young is an important factor in deciding its future usefulness. Whether or not the calf is allowed to run with the cow the first two or three days is a. matter of custom, but it should receive whole milk for the first two weeks at least, and then gradually be 'made accustomed to skim miJk.The change may he made at the rate of one pound per day, and increased until the calf is getting about fifteen pounds of skim-milk ped day. Many feeders fail to have their calves do well when fed on skim milk, and immediately decide that skim-milk is of little value as a n little meal ,ln the bottom of the pal-l after the milk is finished and keeping fresh meal and hay before the calf, it will soon learn to ent, After it has he- come accustomed to eating, only as much as it will clean up. should be fed. A calf six weeks old will usually eat fom onehalf to one pound of con- centrates per day. An important point' is to keep file feed box, pen and palls perfectly clean. With proper attention along with suitable grains and rough- age, a thrifty calf should gain from one-and-one-half to two pounds per day. The aim should not be fo fatten the calf, but to keep it in vigorous condi- tion, especially when being raised for dairy purposes. if the calf is dropped in the fall it will be best to keep it in the stable or padlock all summer in order that iii may receive attention. As a yearling, the best winter quarters will be to run a number of them loose in a large box stall or sheltered shed. It need not be too warm. as nature will supply them with a coat of 'hair sufficient to keep them warm. Slings. roots and good clover hay, with a little salt and plenty of water. will bring them thro- ugh tlle winter in frlme condition. The hoifers should be bred to drop their first calf at: about thirty months of age ,and then -milked as near the full year as possible, it being claimed chat a helfer that is only milked seven or eight monfihs the first location period will have a tendency to go dry in suc- ceeding years after milking about that length of time. » It Is a good plan. to frequently handle the beifer before she freshens tfhe first time. Less trouble will then be ex- perienced in getting her accustomed to being milked. As the dairy animal is more or less of a nervous disposa- i.ion, kindness at all times is essential if the highest returns are to be secur- ed. The cow will also givefn. larger flow of milk throughout the year if fed and milked atlfregular inf,‘ervals_. __.___..¥.-_ INDIVIDUAL COW RECORDS On practically every farm a few milk cows are kept, ranging from two or three on one undred acres in some sections, to ten, fifteen or even twen- ty-ilvo in o. dairy section. These cows are milked morning and night by dif- ferent members of the family. and the milk disposed of. ln less than one per cent. is the individuality of the cows known. But,»a set of spring scales, and one-half minute of time per cow night and morning will tell-'-ex- actly what each cow is doing per day, month or year. The main reason given for not keeping dairy records is, "it's too much bother." This seems,a lame excuse when one considers the many advantages. One minute per cow per day, or ten minutes for an herd' A seg of spring scales anywhere from twenty five five dollars. sc cordlng to a sheet of without equip necessary to of the milk If can 8 cow. or mllker. one can say ber of pounds of gave during a highest daily the milk it is or it is high a record is father. takes good cows cow may beside 1118)’ indivi drst that were OOWI able individuals: indicates if the cow isoif her feed or,if it would psy to feed a little heavier on concentrates. Once recordaare kent. they will ai- ways be kept. lf .other men find the time spent ,on keeping records re- turns a Isrlo dividend it will do the some for yon. Why not start this win- ter sud know your cows? KNOW YOUR COW. '1'he'keeping of dairy records has revealed many high-producing cows in average herds, but there are many high producers yetto be discovered. and Chas, F. Whitley. of the Dairy Branch, urges the dalrymen to know their cows by the use of the individual record and Babcock test. The labor re- quired fer this work is not great. but the results are o. weeding out of infer- ior cows and a gradual filllngpf the stables with cows which pay good dividends. Every farmer was strong- ly advised to set a standard in milk and butter fat for his herd, and to get' rid of all cows tba.t_do not come up to the standard. lt has taken a long time to impress on many of the dairymen, the value of keeping records, but the experience of those who have profited is having a. leavening effect. and the number of converts. is increasing. A few figures taken from record sheets of dairymen in the district proves the 'effectiveness of the work. The first year's records of one herd of 10 cows showed a variation from 5965 lbs. of milk and 197 lbs. of fat to 12,773 lbs. ence of 6,888 lbs. of milk and 204 lbs. of fat between the best and the poorest; cows. Only the scales and tests could reveal this difference. The same re- cords showed tbat the owner, after two years of keeping records, increased the average for his herd by 2.151 lbs. of milk and 65 lbs. of fat per cow, thus bringing it up to 11.519 lbs. of milk per cow. Where each individualcow in the herd was known to be good, the aver- age could not be poor. Mr. Whitley also pointed out that a cow giving 9.- 519 lbs. of milk at u. cost of $60 for feed, would leave a profit oi' $44.70 at: the present price of milk, or 23 such cows would give a net return of $1,000 per year. _On the other hand, a man feeding cows giving only 4,490 lbs. of milk at a cost of $44.55 for feed would only have $3.84 for his work, conse- quently would have to keep 290 such cows to clear him $1,000. The best cows possible to secure were none too good to keep. True, the records them- selves would not make the cows pro- duce more, but the knowledge of what each cow was doing would be an in- spiration to the owner to weed out the poor cow and give the remainder more care and better feed. consequeptly lessening the labor without decreasing the profits. A lively discussion regarding feed- ing for records followed the address. Some men believed thai: by feeding feeds rich in protein. as cotton-seed meal. that the percentage of fat in the milk could be increased. it was point- ed out by Prof. Harcourt that a varia- tion in the percentage of fat might-be influenced for a short time by the con. dition of the anlmals.The flow of milk can be increased by feeding. but the percentage of fat was peculiar to the individual animal. iuaneuwwxomoonmnwwsflw THE MARKETS EIHSIQO TORONTO. \ Hogs, fed and watered $10.20 Cattle _ 8.25 Lambs _ 12-50 Butter 320- Eggg - 310 Cheese (large) ' -190 MONTREAL. ' Hogs, off cars $10-9.5 Cattle . $8.25 Lambs , 11.00 Butter (com. deducted) 34%c Eggs (Com. deducted) 35c Cheese (large) 18%o BUFFALO Hogs, fed and watered Cattle Lambs S 8.66 9.00 $11.50 3l.%u C 18’/ec NEW YORK Butter Ease Cheese (large) CATTLE MARKIT Top prices . .. 8.25 0 0 5 8 0 6 This week Last Week . . Two weeks ago .. .. Same week 1915 .. 1914 . . . . . . . . . . 1913 . . . . . 19 2 . ._ . . SHEEP MARKET Sheep Lambs This week $875 $12 00 Last week 8.7 1200 Two weeks ago 850 1200 Same week 1915 650 9 1914 0 0 1913 .0 9. 0 1912 .. ll 0 HOG MARKET Top price off cars This week . . . . $10 20° Last week . . . 980° Two weeks a 0 . . .. 9.85* Same week 1916 . 8. 0 19 4 il 1913 9 1912 GRAIN MARKIT H Wheat Oats week . 49 week .. 1 Two weeks ago .. 1. Same week 1915 100 1914 . 1913 ._ 112 .. IUTTER MARKET Fsrmsrfcreamry Separator Prints The week .. Lost week .... .. 32% Two weeks ago . Same week 1915 . 1814 . .. 1018 .. .. . 1012 .. .. ICG MARKET This Las 2333?-° '$2.1 3°. ' :'::° one ~» S2 -sein series ss ‘e savers s of milk and 401 lbs. of fat- a differ-` ~ AMONG THE HORSES 0 The date of the New London races has been changed. The new date is February 23. U it O The Cleveland half-mile trucks will give $1,000 early closing purses at their June meetings. It it Q M. E. Sturges, oi' New York, own- er of Dlrectum 1, 1.50%, has con- firmed the report that the champion will never race again. df >! l Major Guntz, 2.08% slro of Major Ong, 2, 03% but now a gelding, will he campaigned again this year. lie is eleven years old. ot lil vs Paddy ll., Fred Hal, Queen linl, Dayspring and Billy M., are five good pacers that should be able to fake care of themselves the coming sea- son. O it # Eel Direct certainly had hard luck when he stepped in a hole in the ice at Ottawa, causing him fo be dis- tanced in thc $1,000 pace, as llc had ul- ready won the first. heat. O t 4 A bill has been introducr-ll in thc Maryland l.eglslnl.urc to prohibit wrig- erlng on races in that state und ihc printing of thc results oi' races hclfl in other states where wagers are laid. It ii U Charles Dean of Ralailuu, Ili., has sold a 2-year-old by The liarvsster, 2.01, for $5,000 to Sol Schloss of ln- dianapolis. Dean paid $750 for the colt as a yearling at the New York sale. li Ili li The trotting record of Australasia is now 2.07%, having been recently reduced from 2.08 il-5 at Addington. New Zealand. Country Belle, a marc bred in New Zealand, is the holder of the new record. lt' If U P. Doherty, the well~known Sydney horsemen, has bought, through Wil- liam Marvin, of William (1581/4) fame a fast green pecer. the breeding oi' which has not been made known. Mr. Marvin is wintering the pacer. * i l Baden. 2.20%. tim property of Sam Williams, of Newport, Vi., has the (lis- tlnction of having stepped the fastest quarter in New England so far.---tllis season. The pacer was timed a heat in 29% at the last matinee of the Mem phremsgag Driving* Club, W 1 I). R. ftoulhun, of Woodsvllle, N.H., has sold the pacer, Peter Dlrectum. 2.13%, to li. C. Sawyer, same city. Peter was six times first ami four tlnles second last seasoll. winning 'il nice sum for his owner, _vet is eligibil- to the 2.18 class over the small ovals. is fl 0 Leo Flosko, the :'.:ur-year-old trot- ter that Dr. E. Bodenwelser, of East Orange, N. J., bought last. full at thc _0~ld Glory Sale, reared mul fcll back- -wards in-his stall-11 row :lays nge, breaking his neck. 'i'll> gcll‘s on the i)evereuu plan, 2.10 paccrs null ilm>1--year 2.12 trotters. .;. :'.» rc Arrangements arf- now being pcr- fected, says tho North Sydney I-lernld. for the holdillg of a big f`our--cornered contest between Bob Mac, Dun Paine. 'i‘omnl_v Cnilor null Waller .l.. four ol' the fastest llorses in lhul pl'ovln<‘c. Al|‘o:nl_v the prollminurii-s have been perfected. and should the intentions of those ut the bottom oi' the affair be successful, the race will take place in if very short time on the Syll- ney ire. ities.-ers. lfltlgnr ftnmphell, Nat. Doltoriy, l’l~lcr Mucllonulil nlui .I. (T. Ilerldlnir. lilo rl-spilicilvo owners ol' l'||o` l\orscs,liuvc signified their willingness ' 'Y'@tF`tE`&-¢§1`”B§§'c"'t?r5“"V" THE ACUTE PAIN FROM NEURALGIA PERMANENTLV CURED THROUGH THE USE OF DR. WILLIAMS' PINK PILLS. A cli-vor lllvllivill wriior lui:-I infill limi. "Nourulgin is ll cry from lliu llnrv- vs for Imilvr hlnoll’." Ill miller words. ucuralgiu is not u. ¢liscnsc- it is only a symptom, but xr very painful onc. Neuralgia is the surf-.st sign that your blood is wcnk. watery und impure, and that your nerves are litnrally starv- ing. Bail blood is the om- cause-rlcll. rod blood the only euro. This gives you the real reason why Dr. Williams' Pink Pills cure uouralgie. They arr- the only medicine that contains_ in corrcr-t proportions the elements need- ed io make rich, rod blood, This new. rich blood rruclies the root of flu- irouhlv, sonihns -lhr\ juuglf-ll nerves. drives :iwny ilu- nnggillg, stubbiru.; pain, ami liralvoa up your hoallli lu olllvl' w:l_\'s as wvll. ln proof of illeso sintelnonfs Mrs. A. T. Uulfon. Little Sllclilogilc. li.. .-u1ys:~- “A few years ago my nloillor wits rin illivm-lv sllllcror from nt-urulglu. wlil<-I1 was l0|'nii.»