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I--_ _ PAGE' EIGHT -run l.A'ras'r-News I `T_HE..CHARL0TTE.
_ nl _
.€.,..,._,
'warn rullfs Alle l=noztll._
Hints on Reetering Window Garden
_ `I   _ Flowers to Health.
_.1~`__
atrden
' L__‘_____ ___,:
I During the winter the amateur in’
gardening has much to contend with,
and not the least of the evils is frost,
_ especially where an endeavor is made
ito keep more or less tender plants
' ‘ through the cold dull lllouths in a
“Ks    poorly heated greenhouse or frallle.
My Farmer Can Grow tho Gourd and 1
 Trllllform lt'|nto a Pipe. ‘I
' Doyou want a cniabnsll pipe? li' no. c
'foil needa’t pay a dealer t'l-out $7. to D
Fortunately science has come to out
id and taught us a few things coll-
ernlng the effects of frost on iendel
lants, and with these principles fully
`1g_ for q|_\¢_ (grow it nm] |llal.L- it grasped we are in n position to conlbat-
!°!ll`B¢lf- After F011 1111"# i¢l‘0\\'H Ihr frost. Plants which are kept as dry
gourd you can make the pipe in about as possible during B spa" of fm,-g_\~
9”! ‘U 5°" at “ Cust “f lm" “ dui' weather without being allo\ved to suf-
_. 80 says the bureau of plant ill I.
at N\'llshil|gtoh. And _'sour -A
homemade culabash, if _vou take prop- L
er from this cause will withstand suc-
essfully far more frost than the same
H' Pains in the lnaklnlt. will he just kim] ‘if P|‘1'\‘5“`h°Se "s5“eS‘""’g""‘='°`d
ai artistic and slltistactol-_v as the ex- | w
ith liquid, and sciellce has also tuuglll
pensive imported unc. us that the greatest mischief is caused
The caiubash is luluie from a South by rapid thawing.
African gourd. ilnlil rel-i-nll_v this
lolird was not grown clsl-iviu-rc. but
as well before proceeding further tr ,  _-'»._"_`,f sis _
the Alnerican consul at Cape 'l‘o\\'ll,- just consider brietly \vhat really hap- l  ` __Z___,._-_ 
- - pens \vhcll a plant gets frozen. it is ,   ._   ll;-C5
_ now generally kllown thllt a plant, likt I  "7   .-gi " -,__ tl
I _ 1 the llululln body. is nlade up of tiny , ______j_,___ rw, _ ____/,____,__,___3__   `
`- ` '. __ coils, each of whicll, of course, has its i  _~_; ._   »~ _
‘_ ~ _., = _ own \valls. Under ordinary conditions I lT."_§_  
` -_ _ “__---' and when :l platlt has abundance oi I . ~- 5;,  ,- -;__>_»..-f.-._'=¢-*‘
` _ 6 _ V    moisture at its disposal these cells are I  ":>`~j`- - ` 1 _ _
l
' j _  2, N and ill tho case of tllat in the plant
  ff- ‘_ l-l-lls no cxcvptlon to this law is made.
‘ ""   'l`his e_\'pan.\_-ioll, tllen, results in a rup- ,
’ -  P”f3"§`=*' ` -~ ' V ture ot' the plant cell walls, which un- I
I
'.i`o grasp the above facts it mnv be
urgid with llqllld. Now, when liquid
bet-olucs frozen it is one of the laws
of nature tilat expansion takes placc.
lol' ol‘diual'_v conditions of thawing!
 -H-l' il' - 1~- _-I _ - _
/ POWER CONCRETE MIXER.
‘Homemade Device That is Useful on
the Farm;
Of interest to farmers who need
cement for any purpose. such as lay-
ing floors or 'walks or making posts.
is a bulletin issued by the Colorado
experiment station which tells of mix-
ing concrete by machinery and prints
the accompanying illustration of u
homemade mixer, which is described
thus: ‘
Two pieces of 4 by 6 form the sil`iS.
L`pou these two. uprlghts about three
feet high ure fastened. A one :lull one-
ilalf inch pipe passes th:'ollj_:h holes
bored in the top of the uprigilts. Upon
this pipe the mixing box is turned, alld
through the pipe the water is addcd
to the mixture at the desired tlule.
’i`he water is poured ill nt the top of
the upright pipe and. flows d0\vn and
,out through holes which are drilled
In the lo\vcr side of it. The other end
of the pipe is closed by a wooden plug.
/ig’
si-t
Poivall conommz ltxxuft.
Tile ends of the box are made of
pieces of 2 by 8 bolted together. A
hole bored in the center of each end
forms the bearlngxs. Tile sides of the
box are made of one inch lumber and
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CAIAABASH PIPE G() CHDS.
H. L. Washington. sent some of the
calnbnsh seeds to the ,llr-pal-llnellt ot’
agriculture ill limit. .\`iu<-e then the
government has liiscovel~cd by experi-
nlenttltioli that thc calab:l_-ll will gl-o\v
almost any\vln_-l'c ill the i_`nil<-li Statl~s.
The gourd sl-ct! is pl:tl'.te<l about like
nicion s4~l~||_~' and :ll lilo sulln- pt-l'i;.lI.
It grows lu.\lu'1:lull_v. l-al-ll \ino pro-
ducing nlan_v ;;nlll'lls. Not all of llloul
are suitable for pipe llnlll-l'ial. .\l:lu_\'
are biighlod by ill.-‘l-ct bltl-s or other
causes. .\lost of thc ;;oll|'lis cruoll
their owu necks ill ;.:ro\vill;;. if thc
grower wants a pipe lu-l-k witll arti-
ficial kinks he can el-t what he wants
by belldlllg; lin- pliable neck in tho
way it is dl~sil'o.-l for it to gl-l»\\‘ :lull
then wultin;_' until ilu- ;_'ourli luzllllrl-s.
Cut oti' the big cud ut' lilo glulrd :lt
the point lllllicairll for _vour pipl-
bowl‘s top. Clean out till- pull. i_'ul
Off the neck cud and ulakv a littll- holl-
with your knife lllalll-_ tint ll l-urvl-d
pipe lllotltllpila-e \\ili| :l sl-rl-\v llu1-nd
One from any old pipe will do. hut il
should he c:lrl-t'llll_v lioilvll in-t'o|-4-ll:lllll
to clcnllsl- it from lli.-oline ll|~p.._-ils.
Screw the till‘t-.'l<l into llu~ opt-uill_;
in the lu»ck ot’ _v-ull' ;_»oul'|i.~ it _von
wallt all innor plpl- bowl that 1-:lo lil-
takon out for f»lcallin;_'_ _von can l=u_\ ll
cheap one, sul-ll as is u_-l~li ill lllce-l=
schaums_ at il rolial-l-mll_~l‘s slow-. _\
liiiic illzlsivr oi’ p:il'i~' ]»o|ii'l'lI illlo tll~\
calabasll howl and th»- iullor inlwl
then press|»d down tlush \\l|ll tho lop
Of tho l-lit oil' 1_'olll'li will u::ll;o tin' in-
ner bowl lit sull;1l_\:. ilon’t il-ave it ill
the plllstcl' of paris luore than lllrl-o
minutes will-ll iiitin;;_ for it' _\ou do it
will set ll:|l'l_i and ln- porlnalll-|lll_\
stuck. Take it out at'tc|‘ two or lllt-or
minutes, when the plaster is pau-ll_v
dried.
After the plaster drll-_s tllorollfzllly
put the inner bowl but-k, get :l plpl-t`lll
0! good tobacco, iight a match, pin--l-
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olimnasn rlrlzs.
the bit in your moutil. puif away- nud
dream dreams of nllld lang syue or
castles in the nir. You are now ll cal-
lbaaher, qualified and passed by the
United States governluent.
not imagine that they crm lunkc ll big;
igcome by growing cnlnbasllcs and
'iling the gourds. for pipe material.
Gourds are imported now at from 25
cunts to $2 a dozen. it is the necessi-
ty of hand work in makillg the pipes
_that causes them to be expensive
,when you have to buy them. No two
are of the same shape or aize.
mandy all the cutting and lit-
hrlmet-be done by hand. It ia
#mth while for a smoker to have a
'@!!!l9!i'£'._;**_'__"!44_9.'*!"'_°"~_ 
"Uncle Bam says the fllrlllers lullst j
 l-a
= --.-   5*.-,"~<f has bt-cn fol'ct-li by expansion through
tl
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we visit the greenhouse or frlllnes to
l
lnow tllat if they al'e to be saved
llscs the plant to collapse. _
it has been proved that when a plant i K
thawl-d vol-_v slowly the plant cells l I
re :lille to :ills-ul'b thc moisture wlllcll
i
lo cell walls, and the rupture is to a
rout cxtl-nt lnadc good.
Asslllning that the plants have not
it-en wlltered lllore often than is abso-
utt-l_v lleccssary and that one morning
ind that frost has reached them, we
llzlwillk lntlst be done very slowly.
i
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I
first ot’ all, we must take core tlult
lure simply nailed to the ends with
welvcpenlly nails. 0n}0-hail' of the
lox is made so that it can be detllclled
and lifted oft’ when the mixer is to be
ilied or clllptied. Tile detachable half
is secured to the other halt’ by moans
of strong hooks so placed that by slip-
ping this half about all inch to one
side all of the hooks are loosened at
once. After it is ill position the re-
movable portion is held in place by
lllcalls of n bllrn door latch.
The driving gear is slnlple, but very
efi'ccti\'c. lt consists of the rim taken
from the wheel of an old rubber tire'
till- hc:ltin¢: apparatus, if ally is usl-ll. ,
lloos not get into working order agalll,
and if tilcre is ally likeiillooll of :ll
burst of .sllnshine shade the stl'uctu`re _
with thick nlats or anytilillg else illut 1
l-:lu be quickly secured. Thcll procurl- i
all abundant supply of ice cold watt-'I'
and syrltlge or 0lllel‘wise_ drellcll tho
plants with this utltli frost is grad-|
uall_\' lt-lllovvd from the tissues. This |
will pt'oilabl_v lncan very cold hands!
:lnd cll:lttct'illt,' tel-th, but it is either
this or losing the plants. For several
days sllllseqlllllltly the plnllts should
he kl-pt as cool as possible witllout
allowing frost to reach them again.
ages Six Hundred Baies a Day.
'i`lll-ollllle (iuidl'y. ll l'<~.<l<ll-ll
: for the ilvl- years were $174 per acre.
a sum sullicient to pay 15.75 per cent i
_ on $1.000. Accordingly rl valuation oi' 
.
tfilllrcll i'olnt, La., who for many _verlrs
has hcell llltl-rcsil-ll ill farlnillg llnli
lluprovittg thc devices uscll by farnl-
lrs. has received ll patent on a new
llouhle bulel' hay pl't-ss. This press is
unique il_l its constructloll, llavlng doni-
:lw:l_v with the large springs ordln:||'iI_v l
irl use on sllvll lllllers and dt-<:re:lsoti
tho draft to :l tulllilnlllll. 1<lxpel'lu:ellts
wiill models have detlloustl':1tcd tl ca-
|»:lr:ii_v of iii`t_v'or sixty bales all hour.
It is collstrllctvd with :l baliug chain- I
hcr on botll ends Oi’ the press and coul-
prcsscs till- lla_v by a pluugt-l' working
on a <_~l'tlnk shaft past the fred box on ‘
l-:lcil onli. 'i`lle crank shaft is collucct- I
cd lo ll beam to which one horse is
hill-lll=d for powt-t‘. and at each roulld
oi' the llorsl- a stroke is made on two
lllti'l-rellt bales. one on l-nch end. It is
possible with this iuodcl to get ll bale
of any dt-sil'ctl \veight. the same being
l-olltl'ollctl' by .l\vo springs attached to _
ll lllovable side of the balct' which fog-
lllatrs thc compression oi' bales.
.\il'. tiuidry says he thinks the baicr
will beat anything on the lutlrkei; for'
spl-all and simplicity. and Ile is now
lil-;_'otl.llIllg with ulllllufacturlllt: colu-
pauil-_~‘ for its construction und sale.
Orchards Worth $1,000 Per Acre.
.-\ i`l-atlll~e at a recent fruit show was g
all exhibit of Nova Scotia apples and `
:l printed statelnellt showing the prof-
its of fruit growing ill that province. I
especially ill the Cornwallis und An- 5
nl-lpolis pl-ovillt-cs. The average esti-
mate of cllltlvatlllg. fertlllzing, spray- `
ing limi |ll'lll'l|llg pol* nr-ve \vns $25, and ,
the cost nt' pil-king and packing the
fruit is csiiulntcll at :’»0 cents por bar-
rel. 'i`lte _vicld rcpurtl-d from eight io
ten ol'<-llalrds shows all u\‘cl‘a1.:c for the l
past live _vcars of from 100 to ill; bar- I
rels of shipping apples per acre; sold
ht an llvcl'llge price varying froln
$1.00 to $‘_'..'.0 per barrel during the
ilvc years. The gross returns por acre i
range frotn |5100 to $30-i llnd the not l
rctnrlls frolu $117 to $‘.'li). The nvrr- '
nge not rl-turns for ull the orchards I
$1,000 per acre for these orchards
set-ills not excessive. '
quick Improvement of Sweet Corn.
As ll result of several years' selec-
tion Nelson S. Stone of Mnssachllsetts
reported last season sweet corn which
mlltured nearly a week earlier ibnn
PATENTS NEW HAY' PRESS. _
Makes Two Baies at Time and Aver- 
bulzgy, \\'ith the tire l'elno\'ed the
grooved rim makes n very satisfactory
wheel upon which to rlln a thl'ce-quar-
tl-l' inch rope belt. The bcit is driven
by :l small sheave pulley, which is fas-
tened to the coulltcrshaft. A belt
tlglltener is used upon the rope, and
by using ll very loose belt the tight-
ener is made to act as :1 friction clui.ch.
This particular mixer is driven by a
two horse gasoline engine, which is
belted to the countershaft. The eu-
glne runs continuously, and the mixer
is started and stopped by means of
the belt tightener.
Many other systems of driving might
have been used in place of the rope
belt. Tile unlin gear of an old sell'
binder lnltkes an excellent gear for xt
mixer. All old mower gent' may also
be pllt to good use in this connection.
It is not llc¢~essllt'y to have thc lnixcr
driven h_v all englne~or horse power. A
l
t of* `
lcrallk ul:l_v be attacllcd and the ma-
chine tllrllcti by hand. llillny prefer
turning such a nlaclline ratllcr than
mlxillg the concrete with a shovel.
CITY MEN FOR FARMS.
Many Would Make Good Hired Hands
if They Had Chance.
Many farmers throughout the coun-
try iind it :t diiticult matter to get
hired hands, wilile in the great cities
there arc thousands of men out of
work. The problem of inducing some
of the down and outs of city life to go
ollt_oll the t’al°lns is claiming the atten-
tion of social students.
A commission of the New York leg-
islature recently has been making an
inquiry into the matter, though it has
not taken up the subject exhaustively.
John Mitchell, the noted labor lender,
was present nt one of the sessions and
made suggestions. .
The chief trouble seems to be that
those in the cities who are always
deep in poverty know nothing of coun-
try llfe, seldom if ever having seen
the green fields. They were born to
their conditions and know nothing
else.
Thousands of these men, no doubt.
if they should be taken out and given
jobs on farms would return to the city
as soon as they earned money enough.
'i`llnt is because the city sights and
sounds have bccomelsecond nature to
them. They would pine for the iilth
and furore of their native element.
But, on the other hnnd, there is no
doubt that many men in the cities
would welcome a chance to get away
to the country for themselves and
their families and would develop lam
excellent funn hands. The problem Is
to put these men in touch with farm-
ers who need them. ‘
Dieeaees of Fowls.
Most of the diseases that aiiiiet
fowls are the result of carelessness
and indilerence on the part of the
owner as regards the surroundings
and conditions of his poultry. No
poultry will show to advantage on the
credit side of the cash account unless
they are healthy and well cared for.
iiow to prevent disease should be the
watchword rather than how to cure
disease. -
` Beef and Dairy Cattle.
When a dairyman has faced the ac-
tual practice of selling cows from hia
hard for beef bo will not feel encour-
oiller early kinda which he hnd tried.
and the enrs were almost double the
'size of other early varieties. The im-
provement was made by choosing the _
earliest eara and then using theee
grains that grew on the middle of the
cob and then atiil further lelecting the
1_*£lE°_*.*_P¢|.l"!l_*».l!1$l°.Ll!'l|!1_l-_ ._ _ .-
aged over the outlook of combining
beef and dairy qnlliitiea in the same
llcrli. There ia a popular prejudice
against eating beet from an old, play-
cd out dairy cow. and there ia no ad-
vantage in trying to combine the two
q\l;~l_|lti‘es in one _5nima|. _ _ ' _
CALVIN IN THE WINTER.-
Strict Attention of Dairyman Required
During This Period.
A prominent authority on dalrying
says that the best and safest linle for
a heifer to freshen is in tile summer
when she is in pasture. us she thou
has the most natural food' and environ-
ment. But it sometimes happens tllut
,she must freshen in the winter on dry
feed. and under these conditions it re-
quires the best intelligence and care of
:hc dalryman to produce a gold cow.
She should be free to take all the ex-
ercise possible. '
'i‘ile heifer. while having plenty of
feed, should never be allowed to be-
come fat. Neither must she be forced
to dc-pen\d entirely upon the straw
stack for. her food. Food out of which
she can make blood, bone and muscle
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' A GOOD STUDY OF UALF HEAD.
and nlilk is produced from the same
class of feeds. To be explicit, 100
pounds of wheat; bran, 100 pounds of
outs chopped, 50 pounds of corn chop
and 25 pounds of liusecd lneul or oil
cake mixed together make one of the
very best feeds at this time.
_ As the time approaches she should
be placed ill n roomy box stall liber-
ally bedded with clean straw. And it
would be well to mix a good hnlldful
of epsom salts with her grain food
night alld morning for several days
before cal\~ng. Be on hand when the
calf comes. even if you must stay up
llli night. Tllls is especially important
in cold weather. See that the calf gets
up ns soon as possible and that it gets
the first lnilk, lrsubstance necessary
to its life llnd health.
Tile cow should new be fed lt warm
mash of wheat bran or something: silli-
lltlr. in cold weather give bel' sluall
drinks cf warmed water several times
a_tla_v. Never allow her access to ice
cold water.
If the udder swells bathe it with hot
\vater: use n flannel cloth wruug out
of a bucket of hot water and hold it on
the inflamed parts. Keep this up per-
sistently twice n day, ll half hour if
nerd be at a time. Then rub with
melted lard to which has been added n
- little turpentine. _
Rinsing the Milk Cans.
Milk calls ill Denlnark are sprayed
with cold water, then thoroughly
sprinkled inside and out with hot
willor. They are then fastened to a
rl-rolviug wheel which turns them
tllrou_~_'il rl solution of lltnewater, and
lil.-_v are finally sprayed with steam.
'i‘lle milk bottles are usually washed
witll soda ond water and the inside
clcallscd by means of n mechanically
worked revolving bt'ush and are tllen
rinsed out with cold water. Tile hot-
ties are then tllled and corkcd by a
mechanical process, scaled and tied
down with thread. Tile bottles are
then put into racks and packed ill ice,
ready for distribution the following
morning.
L
'l`liE FEEDER
Mixed feeds go further than single
feeds, and this saving, added to the
growth and development, makes it all
the more desirable to feed as wide u
variet3\as is possible to obtain.
Good Ration For Young Horses.
Equal parts of ground oats and corn
make all excellent ration for young
horses. Some add bran, thus making
tllo ration more rich in protein and
phosphorus, which build up bone and
muscle.
Grind Feed For the Calf.
Delft feed the calf* grain it cannot
nulstlcate. Gnlnd it for him and don't
insult hiln with straw while he is
standing where he can see and sllleii
the sweet clover hay you are feeding
to your milk cows.
For the Sheep.
Succulent food of some kind should
be provided. Mangels are excellent.
but rather expensive to grow. Turnips
meet the requirements well and are
inexpensive to grow as a catch crop
when sown among corn at the last
working. They should be fed in ai-
tnost any quantity the supply will ad-
mit. _
Value of Salt In Feed. '
, Put a little salt in the cow's mashed
feed or chop. It enhances the ilow oi
I
I
I
saliva while the allimni is taking' her
feed, which is a good thing for an unl-
lual hs well as for tt human being. it
is not a good thing to force a cow to
cnt more salt than sho needs, so only
n little should be given in the feed.
and tllcll frce_nccess to rot-'k_ saltvwiil
perllllt hcl' tolhave all she wants.
Feeding While Milking.
Cows that are trained to be milked
wltllout feed seem to give down their
lnllk just ns well as others. Some ex-
tra nervous cows might do better.
though there is doubt if the food would
not make them more nervous. specially
if it gave out before the milking ended.
A little choice feed may uct as an
incentive to make the cow come up
to a desired point where it ia more
l-nnvenient to milk her. This may be
better than to hunt tho cowl up and
:ttI_l_'t._'lt<~.ta where, found. _ _ _ _
 . O
FIRST OF ALI:
i
SUCCESS WITH
THE DAIRY COWS
Au experienced dallgvlnau has lil~~
fellowiug to say regaining thc ral.-litre'
and keeping of dairy co\\'s: 'i`lll-rc
la quite ll marked dilforeucl- ilel\‘vl-eu
the _dairy cow and other types of cat-
3 tic which should be clrllrly unzlrr-
stood, that the right treatment nlay bo
given to produce the best results and
make a success of dnirying. The dairy
cow does not lay on ll very great sup-
ply of fat tissue bcllealh ilcr skill to
fail back on for nutrition and sub-
I
I 0
A JERSEY DAIRY PERFORBIEB.
stance from which to produce mill: in
case of shortage of feed. The grczltcr
part of the nutl'imcnt's of the food eat-
' ell are converted lllulost at once into
Ilniik which nati1l'e has iuteulloll for
the calf, but which man has loul'lu-d
to utilize for himself. If the food sup-
pl_v is reduced to tl lninilnuln the follll-
taill soon becomes dry, -for the cow
has few reserves from which to pro-
duce milk. This being the trutil, it is
l-lcariy pcrceivable that the dairy cow,
lf she is to give the ilow of milk re-
quired, must be supplied with nn abun-
dant amount of good, nutritious food
from which to produce it.
Not only docs the nutritious part of
the i’ooli-erltcn gn to produce a tiow of
tnllk, but the wurnout tissues of the
body ot' the cow llcrsclf ulllst bc re-
built. This also must be taken from
l ilu- fond, for the cow cannot give a
cl-cat quantity of lnllk and be poor in
body. So the food eaten is divided bc-
lwocn the lnalntellance of the holly
and the production of milk. Qualltity
and quality of food both count in dairy-
ing. A great qllatlllty of fooll will not
prollnce a great quantity of lllllk if the
fooll does not contain the propel' lullri-
ments.
Not only is a good s\lppl_v of lultri-
tions food the prime factor of suc-
cessful dalryillg, but rcgula|_'lt_v of food-
Inj: is essential' as well. if once the
time is set for feeding and regui:ll‘ily
is started thc cow will be ready for
llcr ft-od at that hour as l‘c:_'ularl_v as
the llollr comes. Iicr digestive org:lns
will have alrcllstollled tilclllsolves to
do it, and thc cow will not be llnu_;'l°_\'
till tllat hour, hilt if it is overrun sho
becomes lllln;;r_v and frctful. Freitlllg
and worr_vlng is ll great llllndit-ap to
thc ll:lil'_v 1,-o\v. _ '
With reullltll-ity of feeding there
must also bc rl-_:llla1'it_v of milking.
The full supply oi' lullk is not in tho
bag rl-:lll_v to be drawn out before lnilk-
ing time colllrs, but :l great lllllollllt of
it is pl'odlu-ed by glands during the
oporatloll of luiikintz. This injllrcs the
'_'i:lnds :lull plmllllcos lt llecl'c:lso ill the
lnilk ilow. it is also tuivisaltle that
thc pl~l'soll.< milking the cows do not
cllallge often. for each persoll has ll
little dlll`cl'cui_ lnanller of lnilkilnr, and
n t'll.‘lll;`_'c causes the cow to fcci un-
easy. and ill some cases, if the change
is repeated too often, it may injure
the bag, and the cow will give it-ss
milk. .-\t milking time it is bcsi; that
the cow be comfortable and contented.
She should have consumed at least tl
part of her food before milking be-
gins, so she will be satisfied and will-
ing to give up her lnllk. it is also well
tlult she should have had access to
clean. fresh water before milking.
Tile barn ill willier must be kept
lllollerlltcly warm and clean. Fifty de-
;:t'ccs is a fall' average for lt dairy barn.
It may vary some for winter and sum-
mer.
, As for exercise, it is very essential
that the dairy cow should have plenty
of it.
Sulnmcd up, then, the requirclncnts
of the dairy cow are good, wholesome
food, regularity in feeding nlld lnilk-
ing, good care nlld treatment and
plenty of open air exercise. These con-
stitute the essentials of successful
dairylug.
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Dipping Sheep. .
To rid sheep of external pnl'asltcs or
the scab mite they should be dipped in
solno cfl"cclle'e dlp. Coal tar dips arc
cl'i‘t-<'Il\'o, uohpolsonous lllld do not
ordlllilrily iu_lure the wool. They are
tllcrcforc collnlliercd nluohg ilie best.
lil-fore using all dips should be tested.
llix one tcnsponufni of the dlp with
ilfty or seventy-live of water, accord-
ing to dIl'cciious. Wrap n few ticks
or bellbugs ill lt gauze and dip thcln
In this lnixlllre for tllirty seconds.
i‘heu place tlleln`undor lt tulublcr, anti.
ii' all are not dead ill six hours the dip
is not strong enough. it should be
llladc strong enough to nlllke n thirty'
second dip eifcciive. Sheep are to be
kcpt ill the dlp one minute. Flare the
dlp ill the tlluk before the water, eo the
nllxtul'l~ will be uniform.
Tile best time to dlp is when the'
wool is one-fourth to one-half inch
long. so that the dlp will adhere to
' time to remove the forms depends
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They Are Durable and I-iaaithtui For
the Stock.
As the equipment of the farm and
dairy takes on an air ofpermanetlce
commensurate with the well estab-
lished plan of farm and dairy opera-
tions instituted by industrious busi-
'ness farmers the tinai prolits of the
place are distinctly increased. Perina-
nellt material costs more at first than
pcrlshltble construction, but where t-llc
|business is to follow a tairly settled
policy durability far more than rcpays
the little extra first cost it necessi-
tnies. Of all exasperating, short Iivvd
' tillllgs on the dairy farm cheap wood-
en water troughs and tanks are aulong
the worst. Collcl'ete tgnks ure pl'llc-
tleally ladestraeuhle and never leak
from age or from exposure to_the sun,
Tile ilrst cost is practically the lust of
this al~tliil~inl stone tank, so that the
forest-,gilt to install it works an appre-
cillble reduction in the annual ex-
penses of dairy farm operation.
Tile conditions for mnklllg a trough
water tight are, tlrst, lt rlciler mixture
of concrete than is required for ordi-
nary work; second, enough water in
mixing to give ll sloppy concrete. und.
third. the placing of all concrete at one
operation. it is cxtrelnely diillcult to
make any structure water tight unless
all three of the above conditions are
complied with.
Tile best of concrete should be used.
.\iix one part of good cement to one
| alld a lnllf parts of clean, course sand
Ito thrw parts of screeuii gravel or
brokeu stones. The llmount of excava-
tion necessary for the foundation de-
pends llpon the size.
Place a two ulld a half inch layer of
concrete ill the form and ituuledlutely
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STOCK DRINKING FROM CONCRETE THOUGH.
after placing and before the concrete
has set' place a sheet of woven fence
wire or some other wire fabric over
the concrete, bending it up so that it
will conle to within au inch of the top
of the forms at the sides and ends.
-Place two and a quarter inches more
3 of the concrete ill the bottom and ralu
‘ Il_'.:iltly to brillg the mortar to the sur-
face and smooth it off eveuiy.- The
llpou conditions, such as tho wetlloss
of the concrete. the weather ami the
temperature. Paint the inside surface
with pul'e portland cement mixed as
thick as cream.
The Best Type of Farm Ram.
Fnslliou and thc judgment of our
best breeders decree that the low
down bloeky type ram. Ile tilat-weighs
“heavier” than we thought, “the little
big sheep," is the one wlllcil will bc
sought these days of ncaa prime joints
I of mutton. Look for brclldtll of loin,
fllll brisket, deep body. masculine
head and neck, strong legs, strong
full twist, dcep tlcsh. thickness
through the heart and thick level. well
ict down flanks, strong constitution
and all these good things clothed lu as
Line, long and dense fleece as possible.
lf coarscuess is on either side Iet_it be
thu ewe rather than the rum. What
we are lool:in;; for in our lambs are
"*lps of the old block."
he novice when selecting ll ram of
the Downs or other hornless breeds of
shccp should be very careful not to
select ' one with stubs--miniature
horns, Althougll rams having sucllde-
frcts are almost invariably robust nlld
nulscuiino ill cllaracter and in lnally
other ways desirable as flock headers,
still stubs brand them as being of lu-
ferlor breeding. Such animals nro
gcllcrnlly uufnvorllbly noticed by show
_vard judges. and they should in every
instance be dlsquulliled.
iiollow backs, slack backs or bucks
with the “fatal” drop behind the
shoulder are very serious detects ill
rams. and caro should always be taken
to avoid ltllinlals of this conformation,
us, like so many other deformities,
these are faults tllnt both rams and
ewes allnost invariably transmit to
their offsprillg.
Machine Milking.
` 'i`hl- milklu;; ulllchine docs not seem
so uulvl\l‘sllily popular as the cream
sl-pnt~a|or. nor is it so successful in
l-\'ol'_v \vu_v. The owner of a machine
mln.-t follow the mrlnufncturer's direc-
llons clllrfllliy if he desires success.
’l‘hlr. makes it necessary to run the
mnclllue himself or place it in the
hands of most intelligent and skillful
help. ,
inmlltless improvements will yet be
umlle which will remove some imper-
fections and ditiiculties. One trouble
is the diillcuity of cienn milking and
the llecessity of some stripping by
hand. Certain cows do not give down
their milk completely to' the machine,
while oi hers do. There is a difference
ilu- ill-ere. if the licks are present nt
silt-nrln;: time the whole flock allould
be dipped nt once tn prevent the tick;
from actual: to tim iambe. _._  _J
with individual cows. There la also
Mm ana
atrden
I
BUILDING A STONE FENGE,
Connecticut Farmer Telle How is Uh
in aewlam 'rust A»» °.. tt.. wa"
One of the most ic ur .-
in New England is fheessfixeslzflg'
fence. The utilization of loose slonxl
which otherwise incumber the groullli:
for the construction of barriers tlet-ag.
sary to farm life used to be ll ieulllp
‘industry in New England before thi
advent of the barb wire fence. I-Even
no\v many farmers extend their stone
fences -just to get rid ot the rocks And
there are pgeélty of rocks in ',,q,,.,.
parts of the untry that can he "seq
to the same useful purpose,
Here, however, is ll brave turn,”
F. H. Plumb of Tolland county, Cena'
who goes further than picking up aaa'
piling stones. He believes ill in-cllking
up bowlders and using the fruglueatg
for fence material. Says illr. Plumb;
An occasional boulder here and
there in a level, fertile tleld ought not
to dlsheartea any robust, enthusiastic
farmer from breaking them up and
clearing them away. Dyanml¢e_ I
sledge, a few chains and lt steady yokg
of oxen or team of horses will work
wonders in a short time in many e,
tlcld.
A knowledge of rocks, however, will
prove of great assistance before work
of any kind with them is undertaken.
Some are apparently as hard as tliut;
others so soft they can almost he
crushed between the angers. Some
have n grain similar to a log so they
may be split by wedges and half
rounds quite straight and true. Oth-
ers will hammer or split into all sorts
pf forms and sizes. But there are few
stones a stone mason cannot trim into
ally form he desires. -
,if we closely examine a bo\vider,
say, three to six feet long, we may no-
L STONE WALL FENUE.
tice it has a grain its entire length and
all the way through.
l noticed my stoneulasnn would take
a drill twelve inches long and three-
quarters of an inch in diameter and,
with a two or three pound haluluer
mounted on a twenty inch handle, drill
a hole six inches deep in tile howlder
in ll few ullllutes, depending on the
hllrdlless of the stolle. Then along the
same scam of the rock another hola
was drilled, and perhaps another and
another. these holes being about six
inches apart.
lilllf rounds and a wedge were then
inserted in each hole, the wedges gen-
tly started, and then the entire length
of wedges driven home evenly by
luonns ofa twelve pound sledgc. With
this treatment the big hard rocks
<1-elncll to generally split evenly and
stlaligltt through. If they did not. aft-
cr the rock was split a few heavy.
blows with the big sledge would knock
off any protruding |‘lccrs.
But there is ll knack in knocking a
stone to pieces or trimming the stone
with the side of a sledge hammer or of
its cutting edge that takes tlln0»
thought and observation to acquire.
M_v job was this: Extending easterly.
:llong tlleroadway from my house will
an old tumble down wail that was the
most unsightly place to my family on
the entire farm. The land inside the
wall is about ideal for a rallk growth
li’ timothy, and pient of stones of all
azos. from a pebble tg enormous bowi-
vlers, were there.
The snuliler bowlders, such as a
yoke of cattle could draw on a st0D9
boat, and all the smaller stones the
boys and myself had picked off after
the plowing of the past three sprllllll
and hauled along the wall. Of c0u\'S9
this made the old wall look even \\'ol‘S0
lilan before, and all sorts of ivevdl
:md brush began to grow up nmoulf IL
As the wail lay, it was made up Uf
stones of all sizes, many so biz Wei'
had to be spilt or broken and used Bl
l'ouudatlon pieces before work could
be begun. _
Ordlnnriiy for a new wall a strip Il
plowed and dug out just below the
frost line. As my wall was only t0 D*
rebuilt this was unnecessary, for i had
n good foundation.
My wall was laid with a straigiif
face on the road side, while on the
field side rough cobbies without I
straight face were set up at a slant 0!
about one foot to the four foot willi-
In no part of the wall were til0
stones just thrown or dumped ia. EV'
ery stone was placed one at a time. 11°
matter how small, and so placed tllllfif
rested iirmly on its base, with as IIN-1°
l
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tlppihg or loosencss as polsiblv-
'A wail put up in this careful mail-
ner ought to last several I¢U°"“°“" -ii
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Record Corn Yield.
a llltfnrellce ia dan-ymen-who use mn-
chinee_ some lacceed and some do
noi. according to individual makeup.
in a corn growing contest in N070'
Carolina 227 btuheie were INV”
one acre. It ia behaved till* f
break! oihdill _l’l_U0l\il _ill_1|||l.W““
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tall in
FOREIGN NEWS OF WORLD WIDE li‘ilEREST‘ TO IILL CLASSES
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