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Lowering
In ilu- following article the writer
gt.-< it vivid pen picture of the u|»-to-
luti- nirtiuuis taken by (lnnndlan
-ti-luu~Iiip o\\'ne|'s to secure tho suf-
-|\ oi' llu-ir passengers on the Great
l.i}i,<»_~ us ut-Il as on tho Atlantic and
i‘iu-ilu- om-n|is._ Ii has been well said
lint |»a<.~'|~|igt-rs in Canadian bottoms
im- as 1.-aio at sea as in their own
ilouu-~`. (Eli-)
in tin- old days on the high seas,
ilu- mi-ri~l|ant ship could be distin-
_1'_ui»-lu-d from the man ot' war ii' by
ui-rliiug i-lst- than the luck of discip-
Iiiu- :\uu»n;.',' the r-row. Ot’ course,
'lu r.- \\.\_~‘ a'<-1-rtuin amount of discip-
liiu- .-\i_~iing owing to the superiority
.l vault, hui tltorc was not that dis-
-iu<1i\¢- o|‘zlcrlille:‘.s in the work of
'i..- rr.-\\' whit-li is now a noticeable
4-:.v'l of niuunzi c\'r‘l'y Ship. Since tho
'iu-.- wh.-u mon first went down to
lu- :.1-x in ships, the scien'ce of sea-
-|v;.u.~||ip luis been develo Jing, and
'-up ui' ilu-_ lessons learned hat dis-
-. lun- :tuning the crew is “import-
-uu. tio- aboard a modern ocean
-,l.:|m_<liip and you will seo the crow
'audit-il on almost the some lines as
ar in-:ml it llri-uduought. This is the
»_.u»r;\l ruin _with all the larger
~=<.-wma-liip companies, and especially
l\. it so with iiriiish line-s, who insist
:har their ships he run on almost
|uH"it;u1\' lines, t`or the protection of
|li.»ir p:u==<\i\_»<ox‘s. In all cases, the
n.;ut-‘r has received particular at.-
t.-i:i1»u, lax-;;f-ly because some of the
_=l:i;»_< liuvc liven designed for use in
r;.==.~ of war it’ necessary. Many of
th-~ ot-i~au limits are eo built, that
with it fi-w days' notice they can be
l'l|\_\' vuuippcd with guns and other
mluiiu.; equipment. Boing big,
spt-.-<|_v bouts, they could easily be
nn..|»- to be very formidable in time
ui wal-, and this along with the tact
un.: ilu- crews of the ships are large-
|_'-' 1-muposr-<i of ltoyal Naval Relervo
nu-u has given their decks 9. martial
:ur that has spread throughout thc
\\‘h.»l.»_ oi' the great merchant fieets.
tio on board one oi' the C. P. R. Em-
l'\"‘==-i\‘=~1 as it leaves Quebec for Liv-
vllool or across the three thousanii
n-tha of continent to the Pacific
<‘t:|_~.t and board the Emprtsscs of
india, Japan or China, and you will
Ili once be struck with the general
"IF oi' orderliness and discipline.
|~.\-1-ryililng is “apic and span.'_' There
|>=_:i place for everything and every-
flung is in its piano. The decks are
as clean as a bull room floor and un-
llllylwss is not tolerated, when an
1-nl--r is given there is no hesitation
;”‘ Ui" Dllrt of the crew before obey-
lltl the order. Every man under.
“lands just wi-.at is expected of him,
had unch man is drilled and instruct-
ilu his individual duties until the
W00 crew work together like a
4 re of well-oiled machinery. If
-Nh were not the case it would be
i"f“'U<‘-M15’ impossible for the steam-
Slnp companies to handle the large
i’I`ako for instance the Atlantic truiilv
that has developed between Liver-
ifollowe that these inspections and at sem This latter “vm is nu im.
SAVING li FE AT SEA.
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pool and those shores. Pructir-_all_v
hoo and Montreal during the last'
three months has ln'oup;ht with it at
least 1,600 pzisscngers, and tho ealo `
handling of such a heavy traiiic    
would be impossible were it not' for 
the precautions taken to ensure that "{_i:?f.i=f7§=§=;3?=i"A"  `
the crew is always ready to meet any -__,:__,,,,5,  .
e-we--cy wa- may -rise.   __
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 _   _ _ _ <\~>\ .F=:>=s1?1ssss==2sins-==--'=t>a=eaa=ss=1===§==?<fes;=-==€$fi.=s=e=es=;1:e=s=;=%=1==li2=%:;;£;:e:;-;=&:-_==‘ilf -
me... nvt-1-y Thursday afternoon, -  '
. .1-1~s.==t==-*'.'.'1;_.::s._.=s-1:»=-===f=-=-~.~=-:-1---=<<==¢=sre»=f=:=-=~;=._.._._____.___=2@::_-_._...1=1~~-<=-:--¢. _:»-- ' `  ' '
proceeding tho sailing ot e boat from 
either end ot’ its mute, gi-uc~r.1l vnus- ; $12.2 "i‘€"'*~ 
the Atlantic ocean, most: Steamers £@;_2t_~-_.,».-'M-`1____._
"spend a week in port after each trip _
and as it takes npprovtimately seven - OOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOG
df'-YS W C7059 U10 "Big Wateff' it ing, which are incidental to a voyage
mustors are held every three weeks. portant “S without nn individual
Those inspections perform o. three- k,,0\v],,(|_gB of what is Expected of
mid f““CU°“- First of “IL they 0"' him, a man cannot intellcgently not
sure that tho vessel will not sail frrm in unison with mo ,pst of nu. m~,.w_
the P0" Sh°|"-‘i“““i"d “F durmg th" l~$\`ury possible accident tllnt can be
i"5P0cu°“ it is im “my "mtier to 1°' I thought of is supposed to he takin!-'
cite any missing men afterwards to f],|m,(_ Un board the Ship and they an.
lJl`0m1S0 BUUSUMCS- Then t°°» th" all‘ublv met by various parts of the
Cnmmflllding 0m°“l`5 know that th" crow. ldverythiug is done with thc
ship is in good shape to receive hor utmost regularity and accuracy. The
passengers and that everything is drills are performed smartly and
clc-nn and in good order, and finally. aptly and the whole crew which is
it ensures that evcry man knows his coiuposefd of something over four
proper place, and what to do in tlu- hululrvd mon takes part.
event. ot__any of the emergencies :utr--, On hoard mall boats the inspec-
- - - - ' -   
by the Commander and his staff. On " 
 = -"F '- '==’ r'~  '-1-:2%f‘=’i§i%=@-;i2:-§=-2;2='=:--2* ~=i2\‘ 11;.;lie=;=:§§€.z€:;==fa=1r..a===s=-:=~--===--~-§»1i:112="f‘=ifi-.issL i=: ‘1i=;
 '\§ -.~»=.'--'~'-1-21
w
Life Boat licturning to Ship. .,~_1_____.;_‘g»~_§§;§g§ 1
tions take place at two o'clock in the
ai'torn<»ons of the Thursday before
sailing. \\'Ith the ship`s buglers in
attviulainco tho "General Assemlily" is
smlnded and the wholo of the ship's
cc-mpnny fall in i`or inspection on the
upper prnnwlmde dock. The several
\l»-p:u'tnu\uts of lilo drclt, engine
room. and .~'.i»»\‘.'nrcis, full ln their ap-
pointed places, all arranged accord-
i|\g to rank. Everyone of the crew,
including oven the t\vf_-ive steward-
osst-s, must bc present, withvuuiform
neat and tidy and \\'lth his boat badge
which indicates his exact position on
the lifo boat to which he would be
assigned in the event of its in-ing uu-
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOO
cessary to leave the ship, The im-
.portance of the part played #hy HND
badge numbers in the boat drills can
.be readily understood qs it ig essen-
itial that in the bustle and confusion
attending a hurdtd departure from
the ship that no time shall bo lost
owing to at lack of knowledge as to
‘just where each man is expected to
be at a given moment, after the sig-
uul to leave the ships has been gi\':~n.
Wit.h each num having his own dis-
tinctive number _corresponlilmr with
11 place in a boat, he knows at our-e
-just whzit is expr-ctr-tl of him and us
u result much \'ul\|:|.hlo time is e'.n\'<-il.
I Ai`t.i»r the'Connnuuder has ilispvct-‘f'»\St- uh" limi- Uvillti lu»l.l up l:;_~i.t,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooog il
Q ,
(J 1 A . P
1
.ag'ai!1, another portion of the i'l'i-'.\.' i., ` ll"`.\ 1ll`\' L"\"ll» 1'-\'l‘l'_\' hill# 1'
'iguin.it. the '~ut‘l.» ol' ilu; vvest-l sto s
- tht- li.,-at; rusli ol” water and prevents
the \'o;=_.l i'loun1lrring' while n inure
st-4-ill'c punch is iieirig put. on frolni
ilu- i|\sldr¢_ 'lille npeiullluli in coni-
pieitd in n \‘.ond<-rfully short time
-'~on:;idering the ditiiouluos to he over-
` vcfnle. 1
C‘OC<'_VJOCCOOC~OOOOOCOO 'JOCOOOOOOGOC OOCCOCOOCCC 3‘O'1` 303000
. 'then ronfies the speutauiilsir feu-
itzru oi' the insiptm-limi. /\t'l.cr the mut-
flrill. the tire nlarin is sou`ud-,-ti, andl
on 'hc . _.uunt_ t,-avil :nun ol' the cre\v-
spliligu to his ;.|>_-vi.-l Lztatioll. '|‘l\e
fire l1o..~: :il 1;_-- pixrii- .zla-r gmiiii i' dl-‘
.<:;;tv-d i; put into ef.,-‘."_.-, .iff _-.:=nu‘
Lu number ul' .1-_ivy 1=\\‘.>u\u.s ot \\'uu::‘;
playing into the w;.1.~\'.~l around the
ship. A 1:+_-rtuin portion of the stew-,
.mls of the crew are told off to
carry liuckc-i.»' and lilalllmta ior uso-`
'in smoLli._-ring tl--.\ ilsc, and :L num-`
ber ot' ovllvrs are told nfl' tu attend
to the 1n'.".\‘i;.\..:=,.g of the lim-its in
_ci-so the iirr_» should go in such a. hold_
that it would lm lxeci_~si-al.\1'y to leavei
the ship, ani; take to the lif.1 beaten'
..'.ll di-tails are carei’\\lly considered.
nothing is left to chance and as A
‘ result so ;.;.'stenluli\; is the drill -that
lun observer is led to over that suoi.\`
for-,qcuiizuiion would make short work-
Jock Crevrlilnsiered for Inspection. _ 
fed the crew, they all marcli past him mg 3 mwgn' ]':"""'y nm" uf we CNW"
:in ordM_} and mc" to nw Sound of tm .xcf-pt tliose eugagd in running the
hugle lm fall in m mp" X N heat at the time has -ionic duty tu‘
order alound the life boats in i, _ _
positions indicated by their liaclgt-i=, - immlses ho  m_ugm to do It mor
Ono life boat, which is picked out (”"i"my and "u°Ct“ely'_
without notice, is then swung out,` Ml” "V" ‘Wm is '~`0l!\l'\‘=‘l°0 l1Ud"‘~°‘
lawn-ci] mm mp “~._m.r_ and UH, C0mmunii~_\r and his vzxrious ofticcrst
,crpws Sturt off on u shun `(,,.m,;\, seo that 1-‘fcryluidy .lnrlorsiauuls their*
im-gum] um shin Each mm, is p,ovi,|_ position and their ciuiies in ille-
iea Wm, ,L ||f,, Dress,-wr and ¢_],,.S,. event of tin-se evnf-rgeixcius arising,
ithpy nt on in quick oyden ],~mH_m_ the ptr-.\»-llpzvl' quarters; of the ves-
lihe crows rctum to the ship an-.1 ilu- ' -""]- “l"" U10" "1l\"*f\l\\.V l1\-‘lP0<‘U'<-| ill \10"l
mats are hnlsfpd back into pia,,,,_ V t._il, in ord.-r to sae that the rooms
|133; pigking the |,,,_,¢ which 15 U, ,;._g____:i|'i¢ el.-.in and tidy, beds properly
pap; in these ,,x(,rciS(,S iudisH.in\.|n_ |r‘.ad¢\, c-leetrlc lnellsi. lights, fc.-_n>l, et<:.,,
atcly' It m~0\.id,_,5 that un HW _,r_,“.§`;\ll in proper \\url~.in\; ..>rdcr.. in the-
wiii he ready to p<_|'i'orm tluzir <1-trio.: i *"‘U">"' U" UU-' IMP! Of £1112 ilil'-l>*“'U°l1
when pgtlgd U “_ 'php mm, M-,. \-_,I-_. _ the \\`ut\»l'l:;;i1t dum‘s, Whillii dividel
P0 _ _
keen on this part of u.._- in-ul .mu 1'--> \‘-»~--‘l~> iuto <‘uwx‘-~11'f\g'1e11-‘-»<- Wllhl
there 15 ¢°m|dem|,1,. m-,._|,-y ,,,m,,,,:,:. \i.;-w to r~oui“1ni1_»;; l.-nltunc élo one
the vm-[ous crews “S U, “-muh will _ 1-:null si;-<~l‘.o:l, are L-losnll units-Jpeuet1‘
do the ymrk in qw Rpm-¢,.,;¢_ l,U,..,1|,1./. l li; .~i,;ual to show ilurt ll >_»_\ :Ire not:
Q-rum, am! at me Smm, Um" in ;,_<~uly in |'.r.\pi~r \\or|f'u,§ |>1'rl~-r'i_~nt that;
smart md Eennmnuku mam,,,]__ ilu- luvu \\i\.».~‘.e .lu._.' il is in .lite-nd.
Whit() gms bong is Wim: |0“,_I.,_,, to tin,-so matters, are in tlu»il‘ls!;itliuls
into thc water and lui on limit-.I ill-ii \l“(iCY`-"'i¢‘n‘l UW 5145"’-'I-`% “'i“'“'
lui rur-
l
will oft’ tu iu\\'\~l‘ tim <-iilivsioli Inu! """ 'li ii“' Wil' if ""*""i‘3H‘ W-’i"' """r»
(D co-nr ,ul ;,,mgiuHry 1101,. in |;,,, :ruin tlw first clams diniut-,.;..=li~un lo
hull of UN, ,;],ip_ f|‘|“. |,,,,_,,i,,,, ,,,» th.-1‘t_i-.»|‘u\'olavuiori--faluul-§lu»:»pitnls._
this imaginary iu»l1- I1: d.-it-ruiin.-.I l\_\ . '|`l...-~ ...1~-:'ff--ll<'_\' drills und the in-i
the (‘unluu\iui»-r, and it dill. ri-ut ptr: _-it-.-_.»|i u »:_il_\' or-i-upy 1:..-u one
of the ship i,| iii--;iali.u/-d i-af-li rEu-.- 1.- _~ -i _-. l:::3\ 1-- `.‘-.Hit-_»\l1`>~ lim-'. _H111 ifi
‘thai the mon learn lniv.-' to im:;.ii~- .-\.-i-~-:l1:._i; 5.- isunil in l»~»_ _~=i||=sI,1.--
the mai under nil :~\ol't.~‘ oi' dliii.-ulL.i--._ .1 |_~._ the nu-i, :ir.- gi.-1u~r.tl|> 1' “1\l"|"‘l
For tlu- spectator' this is our of tir- mth u l-;.i|' li»»luiu_\'. Thi* i""lU‘ 0711>’
most illtl\l‘z~Stll1g' of thc 1il.'=.||_\' _<!r|\l~f_ |'.=ui: .il»|n'|‘r-l.|=~\il ill' thc ln.-l\.iU‘|l i\l\5 '
'i'hi\ L‘l'r‘\\' tain- fi mat oi' l|<»_.\`_\' run- :~. tor.-‘.~n\j, :fi il-'vp li`-\‘lll ill' ‘U 'il'-l
vas, pass it over th.- i,u~\_.' oi th-r l».~i:t u ._ii= in ~-;~i=.‘-'i“-" ""1 lil'-N? l\=~lUll`\1“
:uid til-_~n pull ii nic-uf_-_ until it 1-.»~.~r. 1.-nts or ilu' .'ox..!'»‘ll_\-
the inn1_'in.ir_\' hui , :ini 1; ti ru r . ~ _ _
` ` ‘ " U H " ‘\\ilil:\lu li. lirown.
CANADA’S NAVY
"DW te 'fell a Naval 0fi'icer’s Bank.
H\;;:'l‘;;f»\;iiD8S indicate n, lieutenant, an
mvmxm- eutenant, a surgon, or a
‘hé ~k¢;\‘ - always having regard to
Mwst; circle on the uppermost
me radar the lieutenant, or the pur-
mrgpcn 1 01° white cloth between the
bmuch» Bhd no circle, for the other
mlddlees- Three stripes, of which the
or the 01; is only halt the thickness
,hmm “t °" WD. indicate a senior
mrg(;nu.n or senior engineer, a staff-
"nee éu_°l“` "~ _SMI-paymaeter; white
me den L10: all of the same thick-
mrgmm 8° 3 commander, s. fleet-
A carhnf ° fleet-nurmastsr.
MS of “dll his four stripes. Offi-
me broad mirale rank have always
cu". and ‘Sold stripe nearest the
md sm_ rom one to !oar_ thinner
admiral :es um." 1°' Tm" " "°“"
U the broad stripeaad one
` -..._ _Y __ _
stripe above it; a vice-admiral has ELEP"'\NT HUNTING'
two above, an admiral has three, ____ .
while an admiral loin theo:e(;§v__n(gE|'l‘0ok Only llnlf nu l-[nur to Shoot!
'h th r are ony vc » - _ _ _ '
tivtgrilist eofie of whom is King Georgo $2»*’00 “Win of I“"'y° I
--has four. An admiral always _wears a ----
aiguillettes, as do the officers on his` W. Buckley, H16 l~U`f’i1t Elliliifih "70-i
staff, such as his flag-lieutenant oriphant shot, in talking of his favor-I
ms Bee,-eta,-y_ -Ito game says: i
Midshipmen. have no stripes, as "There are three curious things.
they are not commissioned officers; inbout the elephant. ;
but they have n small square of white i "First, although lm is the liiggest
cloth on the front ot the collars ofinnlmnl in the world, he is the hard-l
their c0,,_ts_ last tio scat, for-ho is the same color as 
_ -------- | -e ores.
Further census returns show thatl ,.sL_cond’ for an his va" uma :howl
ih9|'° "9 1-175-317 fcmnles in excessiis little more than a square foot ofi
°[ mum! in Great Britain" The “gm” Ihlm that is vulurrahle to a bullet.
h0W'0V‘-if. Wflliid be K"""uy ""‘|""'°d if  "'l‘l1lrd, all elephant.-‘. ar! "loft hand-
the soldiers and sailors abroad were lem.. ns is proved by me fact that uw
counted. Females continue to increase mn msk ,B "]“,m.S ,___nm.tCr, hnmg'
f“9t°|` 1h“~“~m“i°5» N* may huw con' 1 worn away with work. `
Bi5f°“i-15’ 5i"°° 1821- - i “My biggest bag of elephants ini
i Ions day was ten, but the most profit-i
Lite i\vouidn’t be so uncertain if lt
waen’t for the suvl-‘~||‘“¥“~` ) 'lable was A day when I shot eight, and I
_f /H
_ \
their tuslis wcighcil 766 pounds. lt
took me half un hour to shoot them,
und the ivory was worth .$15.00. tli'
course that was an exceptionally good
dfgy.
"The tusks of the biggest elephant
weighed 282 pounds -tho right tuslt
1-i7 pounds, the left 135 pounds.
"The cleplinnt is it very blind ani-
mal. From tests carried out he can-
not st-e further than 170 yards, but he
can scent a man for half rl mile, and
can distinguish between a white man
ond a hitwk man. When hc trlinrgvs
hc al\\'uys lunkcs for the white man."
A Portrait of Perbanies found
What is b.~liv\'ed to ba- an autturr-_iif~_
llortrult of _(`_erl):u\t1-9, puinti-rl by
Juan Dc .l:`.urogin, has born iounzl at
.\`l4.-co. lt is n panel, and is dan-d
1600. The features' are quill- diff:-rr.-ut
from those of tho familiar picture oil
the Spanish .writer. »
no\'.\L 'rAs'r|-:s IN nnnss.
l\'ui_=orin dresses more fashionable
than Queen Mary.
lt was noticeable during the visit
ol` the Gorman royalties to London
that the Kaiserin did not sliare the
ll»I'\‘jl\diC€9 of Queen Mary in regard
_to curtain styles. The two ladies
drove everywhere together and nl-
iways Queen Mary wore the modest
little toques of which sho P_ppro\'c.:.
uirile the German Empress favored
large and much plumed headgear of
ilu- sort which Quorn Mary has de-
clared against. '
l’rinr|-es Victoria also revelicd in
larsl- hats and own worn fitirly tight
slliris, not of the lmbhlo \'ul'iet_v l-.ur
u'_\u~ii slcirnpior and more clinging
than those Euglnnd's Queen consid-
ers suitable for court wear. One good
oh' fashion all three ladies clung to,
in-nd that was a p.;r~l..-t in Pliuw- ot' il--~‘ "`0im"'li:y [N J‘u'AN°
lu' \\‘h`<-l ~ ~ _-1  ~.~<-__-:~._~_ _  "'
_ 'F _ I ‘ll ‘U 'mln' ' H " nw H _ ,\,|tl|1»rit|.-~~ in-iirwc in (`one<i-nation-¢
. i"n`"_‘ "U "_“""” I " """`""""` lirru planting for I:.i0tl ycilrs. `
'|~t.<'l:ols In lu-r :=!1l1'|s and ul|.l.r-l\\1`f_=~. i
| ‘oven hor <>uro|\atiun;;1~~'|\li:\d:i;>i\f-J.-‘ _-,`_|,_.m ,ms |0,\¢,.r mn" ,my Omen
ri c ` ' 'i
- nnrozilv.. in thc pil'-I 1- ‘\\l\ f7\<‘ --wintry ora- ircil tt-clinical forestry.I
front, and it was nntml tlzut Hin tier- -.\;,y, _.KH-:,,,r,|,,,,,|~y skm and uy,s0|um
ulun i~.ui|;t'.\s= until lu-r o;i\i:_i1tfél' _'i‘.‘,.'~ii .u,.,.(,_¢$ UV. mllimrmkts have for 1'-_.00
“W” ‘" " ii -` ‘ " """"-" ‘l U"'ll` mars pi:\nt»:u` and cared for tho forest
"":‘f"'f~° “""m‘ |""`»" ""l‘“-lil: l“l"‘»U1'-‘\" ii-._-1-.-=. "flu: r.~sult_.~;," \\'rilos a corre-
‘ "" -"- ~“““.’ " “"'g"`» "“’-~ ‘ ‘ffillif ‘i'i'i" s'\i/mfitnt. "hare bron realli wooden
""‘|""m'“"5 ""°'"‘d I“""“‘“~ lul,t`orthrough the extremely sedulou
""“‘“ '“‘“*""" “_” 'm:unu<cn\<~nt and the knowledge ot
0pi||u| 'l`rn|`nc to I-fud in 1917. skill by df-grove atmilied thc financiaii
__ _Hull-.:.‘ lun.: ht -n very large, inderd.
'ri ei ». 1 u_|u-1 _ _ . _ .‘\°‘ “ "“_‘f", ""  " ‘”“*"““- 'U10 "vest
A 10 ll-I-f I si -ltlru-luint p.‘o-`»»r1- r\~;;a:‘1.i--t as almost sacred pro-
vul.-,= for ;:t‘n=l\:;\l 4-\iiur|i|_xn ol opium ll\¢\'1I~. fl li' WW li lH\\`U'-'le Of NW DNS UU
r-ull\|r_\ :u..i truilii: in both i`ii`|:1n und ""`“‘.l” "i“”“`~"‘iL"l “"’,I‘;‘:bm`“h» B” floss?
._ ` _ ` ,_ ` _ _ i.. tin- ui./.uLiou. innng nn: a 1
'Him' M ` "`" ‘""m"" '" wx" <li~pur'.n\enfs of nrlaoreabculturo are
-- - »-  - - ~ 1 \--r_\ oun\"\l!v conrluctcd. At. the midi
s},,..»,g_; I. __-,M has ,sud 3 ],\_(,c,am_ l .-fi' iii y.-ar.-, from planting o wood lot'
ation proniisliriz ainnosiy to thc'Ai-  zaecrgfcrésé T;""_(:'II)l:\‘t(f{';:)y
\'""_"‘i' """"H""S it U"-'Y “'51 lik" ‘i°“"~ La. _rg-urs; the avcrzuro period of th
their urlua within ten days.  .  riihivntmu of a ect of ir.-es.
:-
. . Y
,K ‘ _.c
~. _ _
1 1
~ .
.1 ip