on IGHT I Yotfvc Been Wanting a Fur Coat I for a long times-you can get it now! Last winter in the cold days ytilliStlltl "I'll have a Fur Zero days are herc—— and with them a l‘€‘lil2ll'l\'£il)l(3 tipportunity to secure a high class Coat for the zero weather next winter." coat at practically your own price. You can choose from the liest rongii of reliable fur coats in (‘harlottctoivii at a series ot’ reinarlizililti Wtlllfllltillfi 1~ Ladies‘ Iireneh Seal coats. length 5t) iii., sized Iiti and 13B, yirice $1 50.01) ‘ selliii-g at........... coat. wort h lug" at 2 only Ladies Hudson Seal coat, length U8 iii., sizes :36 and 2138, price $3 ine at 1 only Hudson Seal (‘oatalziljle (‘tillar and (Iuffs, length 1-» in. $315 __ u size ~10, - . I only Ladies‘ length ‘Ll-YOU .'+ll- . . $1515 l Iludson Seal Clout length 1Z8 iii., size I36, selling at l only Ladies’ Persizin Lamb (‘out Sable <10 ‘ A se selling; at; ... Ladies’ (Vial, Salile $315 l only Persian Iiilllll) length 111i iii., silt: 3H, Collar and ('ufi's, price 4.30.1111, selling at .. iii., wit (‘oat sizes 3i}, 21h‘, 110, length 42 ileep ‘“"j'.".". Til‘??? .1“. . 5135-50 h Hudson seal 4i) iii.,size 112, Collar and Cuffs, iii., size 42 price $221.50 Natural lllllSliftlll horilei‘ price ‘l5 inch Marmot Coats $115 for $80.50 Rich brown fur, verv warni and very ilur-ahle-inzikes a ~ ‘Tin: "oimitnormrowui “ouanman Western Guardian -$HOP lroin Holman‘: Catalog -MEN’S POEICEV BRACES. good ivehhing. only 2hr per pair at SINCLAIRS. 883-111-251. --WANTED-- SMELTS AND EVAN. Write or telephone, James lilntziaintl. ‘Travellers Rest. 373-1-10-5-1 —LADIES' PATTERN HATS: balance of season selling worth up to $12.00. January Sale $5.00. 8113-1-11 2i. —BIG DISCOUNT on wool and Fliinelette Blankets. See thflin at. SINFLAIRS. SSIE-l-llrill —LADIES' RAT COATS. also sniall Furs reduced for January Sale at SINCLAIRS. SSSl-l-ll-Zl. p -LADIES' MELTON and Ilroad- elolh Gaiters regular to $22.50 i-liearing nl 209% illseoiint iil RINFIMAIIKS. 8834-11-21‘. —FOR SALE.——21-’_- year-old coll. peril-oily sound, lots 0t‘ style. Ily Laeopia. iiaiii liy Enron ideal. (liwiiiil-(Iani Parlisiile, Grout Grand- daiii lleriinnilr). {lpply to Alexand- er Ill‘l‘;.',lll\. (‘ape 'l‘r:iverse. STZI-ltl-fll. —30 INCH STRIPED ENGLISH plilllllfilvlll‘ only 19o per yard nt SI.‘\'(‘l..-\lllS. SSfi-l-ll-Zi. —MISSES AND LADIES’ Ilfllllflfilillll Dresses- clearing $37.98 (‘LAIRS SMALL and Serge at SIN- SSil-l-ll-Ili. -—-WANTED.-Seeond hand sale ol‘ iiiodei-iile size, also a eitsli rcgls~ li-r. iiiiisi hi- in hood condition and low iii price. Write. giving iletaii- oil iiosi-ri|itloil. size and lowest price io llyrun llelioiialil, Suiiiiiii-r- side. —SUMMERSIDE METHODIST CHURCH-Sunday, Jan. illiti, 111221 . l'ri-iii~lii-i'. Itev. J. li‘. lii-ii- l ‘I‘iie 'I‘riii- .\|<-aiiili_i: of Siiiiritiu- 7 p. Ill. Annual l'iilpii i~I.\ change. l'l'l'llt'lli'l’, Iii-v, A. l\'. ller lniiii of the liapllst (‘liiii'i'Ii. —-SADLY BEREAVED.— ’l‘hi-ii' uiiiiieroiis friends unite in sympa- llll-Hllll: with I\Ir. and Hrs. Roy Sil- lipliaiil iil‘ this town in the ileath oi‘ their iiitiiiit daughter which sail "\'t'lll lll'(‘lII'|‘t‘lI on 'i‘hiii‘silay' lastv li. Bi g. Now on January will he TNIS BID a month o1 WONDERFUL VALUES IN EUEIlY DEPARTMENT STDIIE Buy al liome in ‘I924. Slaughter Sale THOUSANDS 0F DDLLAllS WDIITN 0F SEASDNADLE MEIIDNANDISE WILL BE SLAUDNTERED This is your opportunity lo secure. some lleal Bargains o 24 llundsolnel-v --suiviMi-:risini-: AGENT.—— Mi‘ very satisfactory coat indeed. sizes 3S 4U. ll ilvron Aiai-liiiiialil 0i’ the hint-Don- finisheil and lined, regular reduced price . . . . . . . . . . . . A Striking Bargain in pWomcn’s Underwear Specially reduced prices on all winter weight underivezii.‘ "for 'ee flillfiiitl. special J women and girls. If you have not secured your requirement, it will pail vou to 100k through this S])l(’.i1(ll(l assortment and liiiy at the present heavily reduced prices :— Iladi-es‘ Vests in natural and white Ladies‘ vests in long SlCCYGS, short sleeves, no sleeves and tiperzi top 85c 9t‘ for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . With tirawers and bloomers to match Ladies Vests in long sleeves, short sleeves and no sleeves $1.110 for 80" Ladies’ a good weight for winter, made in all styles $1.25 for . . . . . . . . . . .. ‘ Ladies‘ fleece lined unileiwvezii‘ in white and natural $1.25 for I $1.80 finest tpizilily $2.95 for . . . . . . . . with drawers to match. (‘ihililrenis llnilervests in natural and white with (lrawers to match 75c for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .00 Vests with drawers to match Ladies‘ Vests in natural wool with drawers to match $2.25 for Ladies‘ Vests in pure wool. (Yhililreirs lllltlt’l'\'t‘.<l.\‘ in nat- ural Wool 1.411 for 1.12. 1.27: for . . i: ‘liiiziriliiiii J —~SMELT FlSH|NG.—I.ai'ge eat.- lll‘.\‘ of sniolis are lieiliK ilally tak- _~ eii hy our l'islii-iiiii-ii. .\ir. Joe Link- " iiiziiiju. Faioiriilili- riporls ari- |llll Iii-iii: i‘o,, is now Guardian re- ‘presi-iilalive in Siuiiineroliie and iivill he ])l1'1l'.\‘f'll to roi-eivo news lidverlisiiiu. iii-iv and renewal GUI)" lsefllllitllln‘ and .iuh-i‘i'intiii,:. Mr.‘ llai-iionalil sells IIlll Morning at his still-t», 11p; [plop-l ‘hone N0. is 1313. 1f I leiltr has lihnselt‘ iken over four‘ LIAITQ o1‘ smells Illl.‘ week and si-v-l viral other-i have Iain-ii nearly as; lei-rived from other parts. sher- ltll :' lii-inn llllilllllll over their sue» and a l‘l)illllllllllli't‘ will ile~ ll1‘Il\l iiu weather‘ t-niiilitltiiis.-»Il. -PiE EATING CONTEST-A ri-iv evenings ago, in the (‘hliitsii lti-siiiiiriint. a dist. ssion artisi- on ('l'\~ one PRICE TO evenvaoov SPOT cAsi-i The Dig Prowse Bros Ltd Store Do Loyal lo your Dwn Goinmunily ONE PRICE TO EVERYBODY SPOT CASH "1 iii-i ling" ivhen a nian put up a‘ he; oi‘ s2 that no one present could.‘ ‘j cal a ivliole pie in 15 minutes. 'i‘hi<- he; was lzilten by a yoiiili! uiaii. whoin we shall eall ‘Ziiizgsf’ mil nriiiiliiioii that the loser would ill-l " fray expenses ol‘ pie. A whole rais ii pie and 1i tuiarii-i‘ ol‘ a eoeoaiii t uas set Iii-inure “-lir;gs“ with a supply oi‘ r-old ivatei‘. 'l‘lii< lie whol~ ', 1y iI"\'UIl!‘l'll lll a tow seconds lest . than ltl iiiiiiiitiis. ".li_it;.;s“ is: now op- (iliililreirs sleepers and plush linedwziists similar reduction. NO ORB 6 N°LEO turn) ~~'I'lll-Z lllbllllllihli .' \i..i ....i.i.i‘ dnininxi 1.. l i viiiiqi i»... lli‘ lliillilili-s ‘*|"i..- -i.--i...- in-zo ll- ,\'[|‘n-lil_ ‘mi-i l\i'l‘_\lllllll iiniwi l...» _.|...,_-1..-. ti... in mom i-. ' U piniiiln lii lli-iiilili-s! ‘l (in .\‘< w Appear-iii gnmi- \\\\ Iini-ii-s. And soinv 1m lii-zi-ii ie-‘i. upon our NM“, Ilililll ‘II on is‘ lill II -,'l‘li-- |'.|tliI|\ iii. his aide. \\’il|i l'ii|-i:iiii XIHII is-lli \|.il~‘. pen-ind l\\\|Il\ las- ‘Willi .\I.'IIII\ - IIiIIIIT} l‘ iiii-il Th.“ rl““m“q Sllflfl‘ Plum" uallw lllnIlL! With Ilniiirt’ .\iid Snnshiu >. lam-I. jgnprt-ipp n xi-w Yvlll‘ llllt" i.|....-_-'..i op m. m r i. w Ill"lI l~lli '1‘: ini- ul 1'Il‘i'l ‘.Ii Illli _ 'i'i..». ~-i--;i|.~i Th’, \|,,|mm,.m m |'\..\\i~i~~»l l\Il;\\ .\iiil iitiisliiiii-iiis W,“ ,-..,....-.t-i-..i.~.i iumil [with si-iaii-i- liluh twin i... to.» ‘In tinifoini. Ilt‘ sin-id -‘ to L\"5\|. |\}|u»>lI i! llil‘. I'llI\ l'\\‘.\\ IIli'\ ‘ mod-- i \\"\‘. I":|tl\i-| Rriiitli" \\-l\ IlTFl\\i\\<»tl litlwli ‘\u-i i-i'ir_\ iiiriii div] h- \n-l lii-n llv". ‘i‘|i-- |~I:l\|1I in. .. IIII And “non 1| .\|u4loru Illlflll" 'l‘i;iili-.' -"\\'np hrflllEIlI lvi-fori- lilll ii--\-_ “m! hard iii \\|ilI. ll..'l‘l iii-ii i!" IIIIIII . .. _ - "f. . yin-ii t“ e" ‘|)|n\[ [n rvvn, \ mi: 'n\‘ll‘ lii-ii _-...... lmuii. ili- ii siivifis ".'l'ln»\' >III~IIIIII liilllI \i.ili i-lv-i-r lii surely iiiis u j-ill} \\"\.\’ i rid thinly ertnliirea i-ltrn KiIIIIP/l l'l'i- sinrl tli- hriniil on thin went. slowly‘ omit t". N. "r -\'- h T0knnW1wuwnl‘ ‘make believe." Nilile. l’. L. n. 1- lii-Iv ihs ioor \iiliiii'-i iii-I iiil ,'l‘lii- IIH-Ullllllllrl pliiviivi Illiiil‘ ii i-iiiie‘ llllil lIYlIlh. ...-iii: "New Yr-rii " WHY A SHOE IS THROWN | 'i‘liroiviiii:_ a shoe otter the ' .i.~i ilii- survival ol’ ii i-iistmn _ ‘upon ancient. .~l_\'lllliiilll'lll iisugvfl I" [ionuertitin with imnrlills or shot-s [lii livi-iQr of a shoe. wmi used a3 ll Iiilllllllll)‘ in trziiis-thirriiig a posses l_-.p.;i_ _\ mull ])IlI('I\'l"iT oil‘ ‘iii-i idiot’ .'i:iil nave it to his ntdlllihnr. Hlltl ‘this iviio ii testimony in lsrni-l. l Throwing ll shoe on llriirert)’ Wviis a sviiiliol 0i new ownewhii. ii‘roiii these ‘iineinnt prilri s i-iiiiie the old lhlzllsh and Scottish customs oi’ throwing an old shoe l\1I(‘T l\ lnltle on her departure for .ii new home, syiiiholizlni: that the iuireiits flllVP up illl i-lizli or iloinin- ion over their (laughter. , lii Anulosiixon titties the father 'ilrlivi-ri-iY ihr- bride's shoe to IllP ‘bridegroom. who touched lier on [the lii-lid ivitli it to nllOW his nulli- ioriiy. in Turkey the bridegroom in IPIHIHPII RTier marriage. hy the wed- lillmz guests and pelted with nllp~ poi-s. en to tLtZCvpt all lit-ts ol’ a siiiiiliii‘ i\.i illi‘i'. - il. PERSONAL§ ~- .\ir. W. ll. Alien. l'iiilon ('(Ii'Ill‘l‘. paid a business lril) to Summer-- side on 'l‘liiii':iil:1y. —- (‘aptii in 'i‘iu'ner. Graham's Road. i visitor to Sliniiiiersitio on 'l‘liiiisi .i_v.—~‘i. piiiil a business trip to Suinnior- dde. \\'eiliie.~iiitiy~ts‘. I\li'. IILHTY Eauiiders, lilooin- fii-ld. was in Siiiiiniersliie, 'i‘hurs- day on IHIHlITUHN ~S. Alairliiiiitziill. to Suin- ~ .\ll‘. lloiiiiiiiiis Iiirliiiioiiil. “'11s :i ristiloi‘ nii-rsiilo on 'l‘hursilny.--S. ---.\ir. llilfry li‘rant'is. Albany. paid ii visit to Siiinmersiili~ on 'l‘hiir.~'ilay.~-S .\ir. Doniilil llowzilt. Augustine Pore. w: ' a vi" 1‘ to Siiiniiiersiili- on \\'eiine.~iiia_v. ~ \l". (‘liiis. (Kimeron. Alhiiny paid i- I)|l.'~‘llll“i‘4 lrlp lo Sum-mersiili- \\'eilnt\s'ilziy— , ~-.\iensrs. lildwnril dieniiess-ey iinii Russel \‘\l'l('ll|‘I1, Borden, were in Siirriineroiile Thursday 0n Iillslll- i-sra-S. v-Mr. Alllllfilflt‘ Aluminium. Kink- orii. paid n visit to Sillllimflffltlt‘ on Tiiiirsdiiyt- S. —.\lr. John A. 'l'honiyison. hiat- n-rite, |l1lllI Siinnnrrsiili- ii hnsinelis trip on 'i‘lilirsilny Q. ~~Mlss hinrrraret (irillin. Suin- mersiili‘ spent Thiirnilziy iii Kensiiiiizlon irlieri- she was the Kin-t nl‘ Mi". and Mrs. Leighton Roi:- ers. ---li. —~i\ir. and Mrs. Franklin Gillie- ple. were visitors to Sunimeriskle on Thursday. They leave for Coli- lornln on the 15th were they in- tend relidinl for the yrlntor. -~-.\ir. liowiird Clark. Alherlon, 1 h 5....‘.-1-$-\ii --\ir -\ Ali-Paul. Freetown iiilitl 'l visit to town on 'i‘liiu'silziy.~~ll- \l'..~;.-< Lulu ‘ililtfk oi‘ Nerlilfllil- ' l\llllllltllill, is home visiilil; l!" "ill" ,..||[.~l lilr. nnd Mrs. James Jack oi‘ I-‘reiieli River. \Il||nrnl‘n lilnlnn-nt llcniluolil- for Eastern Guardian "JSHOP iroiii Ilolniaifs Catalog ..*EASTERN AGENT -—Mf-_-I- w. iiiiirnnck is now Gimrilifl“ Agent in Aionlnniie. and will l)!‘ pleziiieil to receive news items, titl- VGfllSllH-Z, Joli Printing. new "ti" renewal suhscrilitlons. ‘I rvisrrinc PASTOR-Jflie iiiw. Mahmi ])l‘i‘.'l('.llt'II .'il lioth ser~ vices iii the hioiiiziitiie l’i'i‘-*iliY1‘\‘l" ian (lIlllTFIl on Sunday lllill- “l” i-tmilitlon of the iveiitlirl‘ lil‘l‘l"‘"l' ed tho llllfilltlillltff‘ helnll "ll i" lll“ sianiliiril. and tlt']il'l\‘t‘lI the ninJor- lty ot‘ the congregation of a rare treiii iii the shape oi‘ two K0011 >‘<‘1“ iiioiiii. The ziiiniial inei-tiiin "1 1111*‘ l'llll1't‘ll will he hold on .I:in. ltitlii when we hopi- the atteiithinei- will he largo -.i. ' ..'='SERiOU$LY iLL-Tiii- \'I'I‘\' serious illness oi Miss (‘ii Sti-ivart ol‘ Aluiilagilo la reporit-il. niiieh to the regret oi‘ her inany 11-point. li ;i|ip('lll‘H that Mist-i Stew- iirt wile \\':ll1l1il1: on her sister. Mrs. Hamilton, New Perth. since passed u\\ v. and contraeleil pneumonia her: lloi‘ (‘Olitllllltlll is reported evtii-mely erltienl. it is earnestly hoped however. that the linnd oi‘ the zrini reaper iiiny yet lie. stayed. aiiil that she will hi- fiilly restored to her former self—--I ..=’*MEASLE$ PREVALENT. — it is DIPHSIIH! to learn that blaster Maekli- .\ieKlnnnn oi Montnlziie ls llilly reiiovereil sitter iuifferiiiu from n very heavy nttark oi‘ mooni- es. This TTINNISI‘ is reported as he» iiuz very prevalent in Alontnizui- ni present. n llIlIllIWI‘ nl tnmilies he- iiip: afflicted. It l8 to he hoped that the school trustees will see to ll tliiit none ni' tlie vliildrcn lroin those. nfilicteil homes. be allowed to attend iurhorl. and prevent the spreziilinp: nl‘ tlihi ninlnily. With such nn vffleieiit iiiiil (iopalilr- iiliill‘ of teachers ns Montague has nt present. it would lie a great piity to in any way hinder the marked pro» gross the scholars are makinlt- liy having to clone the |chools.—-J. old friend .\ir. John l’. \i glltlttll‘ known as "Jaeli." ~ make the inislalii» who has - ..‘1’IN SUNNY souTH-iir. “‘ I-I\\'elilli)i1sioii of Altiiillilriie has ‘ Just. I't,‘l'I,'I\'t'tI aii iiitirri-stiing and niiirli ippreeiateil letter iii hisi‘ l H ',\ lilV u Its wife ziiid lliile lioy left Il\‘l‘(‘ iioino l'e\v IllOTllIlH ago for Etoiilli l“, erii (Yaliforiiia. illr. lioiistiin priz this letter very higiilyi at, it seeni.~.|‘,-,,.,-_I of Ilit urgaiiiist. lo tiring zihoilt ii l‘(‘lll‘\\‘;iI good friendship whii-h has loin: ex- '1'“ isted Iietween lllr, Ilii-Phersoii and dii llIlllSUlI. \ii'. lllePhersoii Rives a fii ulowin: lit-count ol‘ the unsurpiissi-l lie heniilies of that country, espeoial- ly the cliiiiiile. some idea oi‘ which | will he uloaiii-il froin_ the fiiet that while the letter ls being ‘\\'l'l1lt‘ll.l lira. llePlii-rsriii, who it is pleas‘ iniz to learn is nreatly- iinproveil in m, health. is in the Ul'l‘IIllI'lI pit-icing a 1., hai-aket or nranues. This lelii~i~ willi n" its iniiiiy gilded attrnetiiiiis has ap m] priri-ntly given Mr. Houston cause uliieli eeii i)i.'il:>_4iii* "'i"iresoini-1mm. i" (‘liarai-ters as follows: (iliri- . (tourni- . Ernest as . Sela; Sziiiiiiiy- Hot-pt; as "PYIHH" and .\I:ii'loii lilacliett a.- llIll '; (‘hniiis 1.}: (‘hiiilri-n: after the National .\utliein ivas hriln-tilll: lo ii rinse n iilil iiistriii-tlvi- even- ‘ ‘aiitla Acorn “pg (pp in.» young lady left 0i‘. esday niuriiiiig lo resume her lies iii I’. \\'. (‘. Iler SOIlFln‘ ends wish her iniii-li success in r studies. -—~—-_<-0>-__.__ PERSONALS --“'I‘Iii' filllllll’ oi‘ .\u-. Joseph ‘\\ilI'l of Sea Vieiv, are all ahle he oiil ainain after a severe a.~ ‘k oi‘ measles iind are very urate~ ti tlirir hind friend..- iinii iieiiziiiiors who did everything pa?» nihle tor tliein iluriun their illness. Margaret Rli-Kiniioinii student iin Prince ot’ Wnloi‘ College qprnt the l Cliristnizu holidays in Montague the guest oi her nistixr ltiiiss hiiiinle. hllsii Mt- Kiiinoii is a young lady oi‘ exec? tional hrlnlitiiiri-is. and passed the entrance. oxiuns with high marks. She returniiil to eolleize on Monday lusty-J. ...*.\liss \\‘lii-ii Miss Joaepliint- linnier lie- l'.‘lIi|l' llii- bride of‘ .\lii_|oi' Juiiiiia \\'. Joni-s. l‘. S. .\., iii ii Iirilliiiiil ivi-rl- iiiiii: in .\‘i-\\- York llll‘ other dull she ivas l|lIll‘l‘lI iii llie iiiiiiie lirldlil :. \\n iini was worn hy hei‘ Rrenl- l=raiiiI-iiioi|ii-|' l.':u retire: nno when slii- \\"|-l |IllII‘|'It‘(I lu the fiimflil" siiiii-‘siiiiiii, Alpert titllllltlll. Minion-urn lJnlnu-n! Ilrllovnu (Ynitl #4 [or serious eoiisiileralion- and set-ins to have cast. soineivhiit. oi‘ al diinipi-i" on his hitherto optimistic views. as regards- our I’. 1'1. lsdanill- eI-ininio. and Iis ileparliire iii they neat‘ future would he no surpilisel lo ll‘<. lliii ill|()\|- all we eariii-stlyi hope that Air. lioiistoii. spiiitiiliill fellow llllll Ilt‘ LlN, will ever hear iiil iiiiiiil. that lii iilniosi l‘\'t'l'_V ease; ilislaiirs- lends eneliliiitiiieiit to the: view. illlII iii this instance not, of leaping I\l‘~‘ tori.- h1- loivlni, and ronie to the rou- (‘Illfilfill that after all, Montague, 'l‘lie Ileautifiil, where his IPIVIVIH ore niziiiy is good tinough for hini ~~.I. ..‘ANOTHER CONCERT ~ 0n .\ioiiila_v evflllilll; some oi‘ llie i-hil- rlren .il the Ali-llioilisl (‘liiiri-li. Soiiiis. gave an entertainment for the lhiril time, the program lii-lug, at ftIIIIHVFH Ileninrks-i hy Chairman,‘ the Rev. Robert M. llrodle: Rfiflllr, atlon hy Hertha Pooh», "Our Wei- i-onie": (‘horns hy children: Re-' iitalion I)_V iliilly Acorn. "illsj (‘iirlslnias Worry”; Solo hy t1live= liroilie, “iloniitlfiil Star or iletliio». hem"; liiill hy Beiqlia Poole. lildlth tiI'FOI’I..\Il|l‘I0fl ‘Flint-knit niid liornieo‘ iioriie; ileeiuitlnn hy Ray iieiirrlg‘ Ulflllfl recital hy Olive. llrotllei| (‘horns liy children; Organ rel-ital hy \\'riidell Imaril; Ilfltillllltlll In‘ .\I'llI(\.'| illarkett; liii-itruiiientiil. duet l>,v Olive lllodii- and .\lnrioiii Illarkoti; Ruvilfllllili ll)! lClsii- (ill-l iaii: Hurt hy .\ii'ii. Illlleltlhi Nlaiy liillum. "Silent Nllzht“; citation liy (Hive llroille. "Wee. aloe-kit. eowuln tImTous-heanliez" iteeilaiioii hy ifloronco (lreen Drill liy night children "tfhrlstmas" Spirits"; Recitation by Violet ‘Pa it o-day Did you get a bill, from us, in the mail during the last day or two? This is just a reminder, that i_f you rec- eived it, it is due for payment- THEY ARE DUE WHEN SENT. Please pay it today, prompt pay- merits keep money help everybody. Thank you. MOORE a M°LBOD in circulation, and IMIED