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      Brain
      Sex
     
    
   
   
    
     
      into
      account.
      But
      as
      Witelson
      studied
      other
     
     
      parts
      of
      the
      corpus
      callosum
      she
      found
      some
     
     
      definite
      distinctions.
      She
      found
      that
      in
      men,
      the
     
     
      corpus
      callosum
      was
      larger
      in
      left-handed
      men,
     
     
      but
      there
      was
      no
      difference
      in
      women.
      She
     
     
      believed
      that
      this
      meant
      that
      ‘‘the
      neural
      net-
     
     
      works
      that
      are
      underlying
      behaviour,
      are
      differ-
     
     
      ent
      in
      one
      sex
      than
      another’.
      This
      discovery
     
     
      fits
      well
      with
      the
      theory
      that
      women’s
      brains
     
     
      engage
      in
      more
      communication
      between
      the
     
     
      hemispheres
      of
      the
      brain.
     
    
   
   
    
     
      ver
      the
      past
      couple
      of
      years
      there
      has
     
     
      been
      a
      lot
      of
      controversy
      over
      the
      study
     
     
      of
      brain
      differences
      between
      the
      male
     
     
      and
      female.
      Many
      people
      are
      disturbed
      by
      the
     
     
      suggestion
      that
      the
      human
      mind
      could
      be
      at
     
     
      least
      partially
      shaped
      by
      sex,
      thus
      the
      storm
      of
     
     
      controversy
      surrounding
      research
      in
      this
      area.
     
     
      In
      1982,
      the
      controversy
      began
      with
      de
      Lacoste
     
     
      -Utamsing
      and
      Holloway’s
      report
      on
      the
      corpus
     
     
      callosum
      (a
      bundle
      of
      fibres
      that
      connect
      the
     
     
      right
      hemisphere
      of
      the
      brain
      to
      the
      left).
      In
     
     
      measuring
      the
      corpus
      callosum,
      de
      Lacoste
      -
     
     
      Utamsing
      and
      Holloway
      found
      that
      thesplenium,
     
     
      one
      end
      of
      the
      corpus
      callosum,
      was
      16
      percent
     
     
      larger
      in
      the
      female
      sample
      than
      the
      male.
     
     
      Studies
      had
      previously
      shown
      a
      difference
      in
     
     
      brain
      organization;
      men
      tended
      to’
      be
      highly
     
     
      specialized,
      with
      the
      left
      hemisphere
      serving
     
     
      language
      functions
      and
      the
      right
      serving
      visual
     
     
      and
      spatial
      skills.
      Lansdell
      in
      the
      1960’s
      re-
     
     
      vealed
      that
      women’s
      brains
      were
      more
      evenly
     
     
      organized,
      with
      centres
      for
      some
      abilities
      in
     
     
      both
      brain
      hemispheres.
     
     
      Unfortunately
      for
      de
      Lacoste
      -
      Utamsing
     
     
      and
      Holloway,
      Witelson’s
      own
      research
      dis-
     
     
      proved
      their
      ideas
      when
      brain
      weight
      was
      taken
     
    
   
   
    
     
         
     
    
   
   
    
     
      ‘The
      flair
      of
      Lebanon
      in
     
     
      downtown
      Charlottetown
     
     
      Baba's
      Iousge
     
     
      "A
      safe
      &
      friendly
      environment”
     
     
      (Above
      Cedar's
      Eatery)
     
     
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      4
     
    
   
   
    
     
      Newer
      research
      points
      toward
      the
      effect
      of
     
    
   
   
    
     
      sex
      hormones
      on
      the
      brain.
      These
      hormones,
     
     
      produced
      by
      the
      male
      and
      female
      reproductive
     
     
      systems,
      influence
      the
      rates
      of
      protein
      synthesis
     
     
      and
      masculinizing
      or
      feminizing
      certain
      key
     
     
      structures.
      Scientists
      are
      now
      asking
      if
      hor-
     
     
      mones
      play
      a
      role
      in
      laying
      down
      networks
      of
     
     
      male
      or
      female
      circuity
      in
      the
      fetal
      brain,
      and
     
     
      switching
      them
      on
      in
      puberty.
     
    
   
   
    
     
      Two
      Canadian
      psychologists,
      Hampson
      and
     
    
   
   
    
     
      Kimura
      devised
      a
      set
      of
      experiments
      to
      test
     
     
      hormonal
      effects
      on
      women’s
      performance.
     
     
      These
      tests
      focused
      on
      the
      menstrual
      cycle
     
     
      since
      hormonal
      levels
      climb
      right
      after
      ovula-
     
     
      tion
      and
      plummet
      during
      menstruation.
      The
     
     
      results
      of
      these
      tests
      showed
      that
      when
      hormone
     
     
      levels
      were
      high,
      women
      did
      extremely
      well
      on
     
     
      female-biased
      tests
      but
      not
      well
      on
      male-biased
     
     
      tests.
      The
      experimenters
      now
      believe
      that
      high
     
     
      levels
      of
      estragon
      may
      hinder
      inter-hemisphere
     
     
      communication
      in
      women.
     
    
   
   
    
     
      The
      controversy
      over
      this
      theory
      was
      led
      by
     
    
   
   
    
     
      a
      host
      of
      critics
      who
      worried
      that
      the
      findings
     
     
      would
      be
      used
      to
      characterize
      some
      women
      as
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
       
     
    
   
   
    
     
      "MEDITERRANEO"
     
    
   
   
    
     
      Dir,
      Gabriele
      Salvatore,
      Italy,
      102
      mins.
      Subtitles.
     
     
      Sunday,
      January
      24
      at
      2:00
      pm
     
     
      ee
      eo
      Mall
      Cinemas
     
    
   
   
    
     
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      JED
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      SUE
     
    
   
   
    
     
      ‘‘impaired’’
      during
      certain
      parts
      of
      her
      cyc!
     
     
      But
      Hampson
      defends
      her
      findings
      since
      §
     
     
      believes
      that
      the
      actual
      effect
      of
      the
      estrogen
     
     
      small.
     
    

    
     
      Undeterred
      by
      their
      critics,
      Hampson
      a
     
     
      Kimura
      continue
      their
      research.
      Most
      recent
     
     
      they
      have
      found
      that
      men
      also
      undergo
      cyclic
     
     
      hormonal
      changes.
      In
      autumn
      a
      male’s
      level
     
     
      testosterone
      rises
      while
      in
      the
      spring
      it
      dro
     
     
      On
      sex-biased
      tests
      during
      these
      two
      seaso
     
     
      Kimura
      found
      that
      men’s
      performance
      on
      s}
     
     
      tial
      tests
      rose
      when
      their
      hormone
      level
      \
     
     
      lowest
      and
      declined
      when
      the
      level
      got
      too
      hi
     
     
      These
      differences
      in
      spatial
      ability
      appear
      to
     
     
      universal
      evident
      and
      not
      just
      in
      humans|
     
     
      also
      rodents
      and
      primates.
     
    

    
     
      The
      difference
      in
      spatial
      ability
      appear
     
     
      be
      that
      women
      have
      spatial
      ability
      in
      restric
     
     
      areas,
      for
      example
      remembering
      where
      thit
     
     
      are
      at
      home,
      while
      men
      are
      better
      at
      unlimi
     
     
      spatial
      skills
      such
      as
      reading
      maps
      and
      orient
     
     
      themselves
      in
      a
      space.
      In
      some
      research
      it!
     
     
      been
      discovered
      that
      this
      ability
      is
      affected
     
     
      hormones,
      and
      therefore
      coincides
      with|
     
    
   
   
    
     
      Despite
      all
      the
      proof
      that
      this
      research!
     
     
      brought
      to
      our
      attention,
      many
      scientists!
     
     
      claiming
      this
      research
      is
      an
      example
      of
      bia
     
     
      experimentation.
      Previous
      research
      may
      pt
     
     
      this
      by
      being
      overly
      contradictory
      so
      that
      i
     
     
      the
      scientist’s
      personal
      belief;
      however,
      ther
     
     
      enough
      evidence
      now
      to
      show
      that
      men!
     
     
      women
      process
      information
      differently
      asl
     
     
      been
      thought
      for
      years.
      This
      difference
      mi}
     
     
      a
      key
      to
      our
      survival
      as
      a
      species.
      @
     
    
   
   
    
     
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