__ PAGE roux i apparently sabre "We must become a military nation even a militaristic nation. v . TIIE GIIIBLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN Notes By The Way .' .» V Incident-W. Chester S. IeLnn. If. Vleo-Proaldeut, 8.3. Burnett, [I l. - Secretnry-Llont-Col. 11A. Iullnnnn, 0.8 0 ‘ Idltor 1nd llllllflll’ Director-all. Burnett. I‘ J-l. Auoolate Editors-Frank Walker llfl 0.11. Currie. Janina; Daily (founded 18141) per your (in advance) Elven-a. 4M Der rear (in advance) mulled lpjsanada nnd_llnlkd Stain; rattling words. Doubtleee there will be a tendency to catch hold of Mussolini's latest We . THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN Music And Religion (DJ. Macdona-ld in the OttGWB Journal) From far back in the medium/Bl mistli surioundlnz 11116 171181115 of our European music. HD8100 has been a factor of importance in might even add——a warlike nation." That sounds bad. But what about his audience? They were Italian officers, and if only because they were Italians and officers Ii Duce‘; rims prduction. Its importance has varied. but the shifting of the em- pliasis has never meant the com- plete disappearance o1 the P61181005 element. In the primitive stage TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER l. 1934. race and referred to its "noble con- BI In: W.Bgqg_l'j. scuooz on rs as?" w: W at" G i], N, >5 def n. W‘ m“, an pd. -of fill vie ‘P! I 'princc, son of the reigning king .; l. The reopening today of the city schools may be viewed as a mixed -_- ~ blessing by many youngsters, but in a few days they will settle content- edly down to the school routine, and the holiday season will have served to store up energy and vitality for the arduous months ahead. Teachers, too, will come back re- freshed after the vacation period, to a task which is by no means easy, which carries heavy responsibilities, and which can only be well perform- ed by those genuinely interested in the work. The enthusiastic teacher invariably stimulates interest in his or her charges, and puts zest into the dullest subjects. Fortunately, in this Province we have, on the whole, a splendid class of teachers, and there has been an appreciable all round improvement in educational standards from yearI to year. This year should prove no exception to the rule, and both in attendance and in the quality oi wonk accomplished, the prospects are reassuring. The aim of school training, so ot- ten misunderstood, was well sum- med up recently by the Ontario Minister of Education in speaking at the Canadian National Exhibition. "The school," he said, “should not be regarded as a filling station, tvhcre a boy may be parked for five clays a week, to be filled up with in- formation which, later, will repre- sent a. value oi so many dollar-l per week. . , . The function of the school is to send boys and girls into the world with a capacity to think accurately; with a trained memory; with a power of discrimination be- tween that which is true and that which is false; with a capacity for self-enjoyment, and with n sense of tribution to Canadian development." One feels sincerity behind these rmutual expressions of esteem, which must indeed have impressed the Hench visitors. »=———-—- THE’ BIG FACTOR _ Celebrations have been arranged for this week in commemoration oi’ the "Century of Peace" between Canada and the United States. Elsewhere in this issue appears ref- erence to the programme which will be carried out at Niagara Falls, Sept 3-8. Representatives of Great Britain, Canada, France and United States will participate. ‘ There will doubtless be eloquent fspeeches, inspired by the peaceful melations maintained between us and [our neighbours for a hundred years and more along three thousand miles o: boundary line. It is to be hoped one factor will come in for more recognition than it usually re- ceives on occasions of this kind. That is the British Navy-Canada's lmpregnable wall of defense which pretty well ensures those amicable relations being continued. It is be- cause the British Navy is there that we have been able to dispense with forts and fortifications, and not by any means because the mil- lennlum has arrived. EDITORIAL NOTES Congratulations are in order for the RCMP. and City Police. from leisure till “Thanksgiving day. We have the material, if we hail responsibility for the well-being of the community." GEORGES BRIDE It is interesting to record that the Royal bride-to-be of Prince George is a blood relation through his grandmother Queen Alexandra. When after a. prolonged struggle Greece gained licr frecdom from Turkish domination, a struggle in which the po/et Byron sacrificed his life, shc searched Europe for a king of royal blood. The Greeks first chose a, Bavarian prince but his ar- bitrary German manners and ideas made him unpopular. Ile reigned for thirty ycars and than was ban- ishcd. So the Greclls searched else- where on his abdication and picked out Queen Victories son, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Prince Chrisfian, of Denmark. Prince Alfred iefured. The Danish and brother of Alexandra, then Princess of Wales, who was to be- come queen of England, accepted and he ascended the throne as George I. The new Greek king mar- ried a, niece of the Russian czar and when, after successfully per- forming the duties of a constitu- tional mcnarchy. he was assassin- ated by an anarchist, he was suc- ceeded by his son, Constantine I. This was the year before the out- break of the Great War. The new king only reigned four years when his pro-German attitude, due to his marriage witn the Kaiser's sister. incurred the displeasure of the Al- lies and the Greek people and he was deposed. The Princess Marla ‘ZS the daughter of Prince Nicholas. another son of the Greek King, George I, and of a Russian Grand Duchess. Prince Nicholas W85 PTO- British during the war and the. young princess speaks English per-l ggetly, and has indeed spent much of her time in England. ML-ITUAL ESTEEM I French Canadian loyalty W Brit‘ 1m institutions has been shown on no many occasions that proof of the existence of such sentlnlelli scarcely nccds to be emphasized- Nevertheless, it was a striking testi- mony which Premier Taschereau gave in this connection in the wurge of the Cartier celebration at Gaspa .. “All the cherished thln8s Quebec Inherited from France," said Mr. Tggcmn-gnu, "would have been im- possible to retain had it not been for Great Britain-a 86119”!!! PTO- egetor, This is the explanation of the French-Canadians unswervlnl glleglance w the British crown and of the entente cordiale which exist- ed here between the two race! which share Quebec ions before King Edward VII cemented it." This, sentiment the Canadian Prime Minlster m. Hon- R- B» Bennett, reciprocated when he 00m- the funds, to provide an excellent duplicate staff for P.W.C. Our next Confederation celebra- tion will be in 1937—not so very far off. This month's review of Canadian business conditions, in the Monthly Letter of The Royal Bank of Can- ada, strikes an optimistic note. '1t suggests that there is strength and stability in the trend toward recov- ery. It mentions higher prices for wheat, heavy production of news- print, record exports of lumber to Great Britain, new records of elec- trical energy generated, and other factors suggesting that an autumn expansion of more than seasonal proportions may be anticipated. At one time a busy, harassed man took to sea to escape contact with current events and to enjoy free- dom from business or professional worries. Alas that is not practicable nowadays, as Premier Bennett will find. The wireless makes life aboard ship almost as nerve-racking and full of strain and anxiety as in the centre of business. But of course, callers can be avoided, save and ex- cept the ubiquitous reporters, whose business it is to accompany great men even in the seclusion of their sea voyages. Mr- Fred Cooks recollect of the Ottawa Home Guard br g to memory our own bold attempt in that direction, with such stalwarts as the late Col. Moore, Mr. James Paton, the late Mr. Fred Nash and the late Captain Palmer in the front rank. Captain Palmer, who was an artillery officer, was also A.D.C. to the Governor, and wore his uniform at the Legislative din- ner, The Guardian reported that Captain Palmer was dressed “in the new uniform of the rect-ntiy_ formed l-Iome Guard"-at which the Captain waxed righteously in- dignant. We will now have a little rest ~ a communication to other nations. Also what about his other words? "No one in Europe ivishcs war, but the thought of it is all around us." Unfortunately the thought of war is all too prev- alent, although nobody wants war. In this case Mussolini had probably no desire to add to the disturbed reverse, because it cannot be denied that at the present time if Italy were to show weakness or a. wish to avoid war at all costs Germany would probably be tempted to take such action in Austria as would embroil all Europe. Italy's prompt action last month very likely saved a war. Science has a new puzzler-which comes first, the heat or the flame? A theory announced recently from the United States Bureau of Mines challenges the common belief of laymen and engineers that heat is always first, says The Associated Press. It shows how flame, or one of its elements, can precede heat, and Drflbably does in explosions of 8B5. such as drive automobiles. This day twenty years ago the King passed in review outside the roadstead at Spitheacl 493 men-o'- war, For three hours the line of ships steamed by, travelling ut el- even knots. It was ihc greatest Brlrlada the world has ever seen. Britain has no fleets like that to- day. Nor, if she had, would shc enjoy so sure o. safeguard against invasion. The airplane changed that. Yet Britain is committed by her politicians to fight for the main tenance of Continental frontiers, just as she was in 1914. The rival- ries and fears of Europe are us great now as in that fateful July twenty years ago. The grouping of the Powers is ideniical. The ciasn is coming. Keep clear! Denounce the War Pacts! No more war for, usb-L/ondon Daily Express. ] In a few days another Test Match, will begin. Players who formerly fought for England will take their typewriters to the ground and tcll their successors how badly they are doing their job. The selectors will be branded as idiots, a misplay on either side will be iminortalised in a torrent of exclamatory comment, rumours and taunts will float from both camps, and the evening news- papers will placard to visiting for- eigners that England hus collapsed, says the London Sunday Referecn; Fortunately, the VJIHEC greens will continue to prove that cricket can still be played as a game, and thut a dropped catch may not. be as im- portant as the burning of Rome. Life is a building. it rises slowly dog‘ by day, through the yen Ev- ery new lesson wc lcaru l a Ibck on the edifice which is rising silently within us. Every experience, every touch of anothcr life on ours, every influence that impresses us, every book we read, every conversa- tion w have, evry act of our com- monst days, adds something to the invisible building. General Eoln 0'Duffy'g Blue- Shirt party, aiming a blow directly at the Irish Free State's ccnoomic war with the United Kingdom, pas- sed a resolution pledging refusal to pay annual land taxes as long as President de Valera continues the trade dispute. The resolution was posed at the annual party confer- enoe. Soelallsnrs greatest obstacle rc- mains, as it has always been, mud- state of Europe's mind; rather the- FAILING HEART words would not be chosen as foi-ITHE EARLY SYMPTOMS 0F‘ A Some ycars ago medical students were taught a great deal about heart murmurs-their exact location in the chest, whether they came with the first, with the second beat, or just before the first beat, whether they were strong or weak, soft or blowing, whether they increased ' with exercise and other points about them. To-day the murmur, while still important, is not the "whole" story any more and the size, muscular strength, rapidity and regularity la now carefully considered. Now the first tests of the strength or health of the heart are whether the individual gets out of breath easily, is too easily tired, doesn't sleep or eat well, is dill)’ 8t $111198- These little signs or symptoms give the first warning that the heart muscle is beginning to fail and mean that the family doctor should be consulted at once. These signs do not mean that the individual having them must have a failing heart because every 0X19 91 them may be clue to something else. For instance the breathlessness may be due to loo much acid food- meat, eggs, cereals, or too much acid waste in the system. The use of a little baking soda or other alkali will correct this, or even better would be the eating of more fruits and vege- tables. The loss of appetite may be due to n number of conditions-not enough outdoors, not enough exercise, eat- ing when tired. constipation causing the intestinal wove or movement t0 go upward insicad of downward. Slceplessiicss may be clue to eat- ing too much food at the evening meal, worry or anxiety, or a number oi things occupying the mind. The dizziness may be clue. to an car 01' t0 a liver condition, or occas- ionally to a central nervous condi- lion. The point then is not to belittle or try to forget the above symptoms by persuading yourself that they fife not clue to a heart condition, nor should you become unduly alarmed if they do appear. The commonsense thing for the safety oi your heart and your peace of mind is to consult your doctor should you have any or all of these symptoms. THE DREAMER Oh. books, books, you have undone ma! You filled my veins with poppy- jufcc And bound’ mo. in a. silken web with cords I never can unloose. Tempting pie with priceless treasure You scattcred jewels on the page, Gifts of kings from ancient altars For which was paid a heavy wage. Where are now your great adven- turns- Romance and death beside a, wall? “Glamorous island"—"dlstai\t sail"- Your old cnchantment used to call? Oh, books, boo-ks, you have undone me! Dcceived, betrayed me day by day; While I quafled your phantom vin- tage The wine of youth has seeped away. —-Virginia Spates, in "Poetry World” died thinking. Thus we are told that the Miners‘ Federation, which is holding its conference at Edin- burgh, “wants the coal industry for the nation." But that is nonsense- The coal industry already belongs to the nation. British capital runs Demands Of Provinces (Victoria Colonist) A rather unexpected thing has happened. Two of the provincial premiers announce that they are satisfied with the better terms of- it, wages and proflm go into Brit- ish pocltets, British Governments poke paternal fingers into it, and its fortunes are locked up with those of the British people, What the miners’ leaders want is that the Coal Industry shall be run by the Government, not because they think the Government can run it effi- ciently, but because they are con- vinced that once it is incorporated into the bureaucratic machine it will not matter to the coal miners whether it is well and profitably run or not-London Evening News. The editor of the Renfrew Mer- cury was playing golf a few days ago on the local course and off the Ev-‘n the wealthy city of Glasgow, ed her to show a deficit on the civic year's finances. ended June 30. Dur- lng the past year- Public Asslsance r5119; we; the ratepayers of Glas- gow no less than £2,669,367, which exceeded the estimates by £140,130. 9'11, and the revenue was only] showed a total expenditure of £2,- 327,004, including 514350.435 for teache s’ sllaries, which exceeded the previous year's cost by £3170. In respect of housing the combined expenditure on the revenue account during the year was £1,713,575 compared with £1,510,126 in the pfgvlcflg year, and $271838 was left to be met out of the consolidated “to, Th; public health accounts ghowed a decrease in the net ex- penditure as compared with the es- timates of £23,223. The total rev- pllmentsd, on the same occasion. n" Ignflll of Bic French Canadian enue oi’ the rating depamnents dur- I in! the year amounted w nomm .,~ fifth tee drove his ball to the lip of the green it was seen that a cater- pillar had been crawling past the cup when ilie ball gently rolled up against the caterpillar and stop- ped, without falling in. The editor was tempted to murder the post, but retained and, on the caterpil- lar moving, in dropped the ball. This case vans reported to our golf body touch-vi the ball or the cater- pillar was touched both the editor and the c: ‘crpillrir are disqualified. -Toronto Stnr. and the expenditure totaded £10,- 801428. To this there fell to be added the deficit of ordiiniiy. rev- enue brought forward from the previous year of £128,586, leaving a net deficit at the close oi‘ the year of £82,788 due entirely to the ex- traordinary exprizcimre on unem- Dloymcn: relief. ‘rin- ‘Y: r‘. loan Jew‘. of the Council now stands at iii,- 070,066. fered by the Canadaian Prime i Minister. All the others want more; ‘one of them wants a. great deal ,more .. .__ .. | The conditions as between the [Dominion and the provinces are not perfect, but there are two sides to the question: the side repre- lsented by the dissatisfied premiers nnd the side represented by the prime minister. One side is aggres- Lsivc. the other defensive. The de- ;monds of the premiers are sectional; the attitude of the prime minister is thiit of a defender of lilic case of the people of the whole {Dominion The sum of the whole mattm" ls not what is the Dominoin [Government willing to give. but so u d '1 flan mg the m e; the cup When the editor reached‘ h°w “mm m“ 1* “mm m 3M‘- o an , s clrpe C ', ' fects of unemployment, which caus-' An argument has been presented that the Dominion can afford to give much, because its credit is so 1 : ample that it has lately borrowed a l sum of fifty million dollars at the I uncxampled interest rate of 2 per | cent. The reply is that while that is l true it is important that the quality , of the credit of the Dominion The actual exptrldltul’! W85 53.575‘! rules expri . He states that if no- l “mum m" be stmlned" one m“! g not be either a learned professor of lplllar the hole was made in one! “mnomlcs o" a pmwnd 5mm” 5156mm‘ n’ “mum,” “mums But if eithrr the ball or the cater-- man to understand that if all the , demands for more which have been Himsented were granted the credit inf Canada might be strained to the | breaking point. ‘That is a possibility ;which must be contemplated. Mr ;Bennett has stated the possibility. ‘He has said in effect that the Government of Canada, while it ‘would like to be generous, must be just. The premiers should be just ‘and acknowledge the difficulties _ tvhich beset the responsible head of ‘the Dominion Government. MONTREAL — Canadian North- ‘crn Power Corporation's eamings ,for July were more than $41,000 [ahead of corresponding month of HUI. almost the only recorded music was that performed in the church- es. At the height of the classical age Bach's Passions, lvfirsses and Church Cantatas, which include much of his finest music, show the close association that still persisted between music and religion in the mind of the most profound oom- poser of the period. At the present day some of the best music that is being written ls the work of young church compos- ers like Eric ‘Ihiman, whose fine feeling for the spirit of such words as Merbertfs “King of Glory, King of Peace" makes his anthems the delight of "quires and places where theey sing-g." The link between music is strong and continuous. There is a sub- conscious motive here that is worth analyzing. Taste in secular music has varied from time to time. 1n the 18th century everyone tried his hand at opera. A little later it was the ambition of all to write sym- phonies. But there has been no period when the urge to write church music has not been an al- most universal one. Bach, Handel, I-Iaydn, lvfoeiart, Beethoven, Men- delssohn all spring to mind, besides a host of lesser names. There are, of course, some nota- ble exceptions. Chopin will occur to everyone. but he is unique in many ways, and his works. all but a. very few belong exclusively to the literature of the piano. Wagner wrote almost as exclusively for the operatic stage; though a drama like “Parsifal" makes it not easy to draw the line between secular and sacred music. "Parsifal," in fact, raises an in- terestug point. From one angle it may be regarded n5 the apotheosis of the mediaeval mystery play; the journey of the soul represented al- legorically by the adventures of a mortal in the world of earth and faery. The mystery play exhibits the primitive groping of the medi- aeval mind after an artistic form capable of expressing some of the mightiest emotions of man. 1t could not achieve perfect expres- ison because of its literary poverty. No art comes to fullness before the tools are ready, and the tools in this case were language. Striking as are the mystery plays in dramatic situations and solemn pagent effeck, their inarticulate and clumsy expression leaves a feeling of disappointment with them as works of art. The same thing may be observed in the de- velopment of the musical side of religious themes. Not only were the folk-songs that dealt with religious subjects —the ballad of “Diverus and Laz- arus." for instance-immature ex- pressions of the singer's emotions, howevier deeply felt. tine church composers, too, had to feel their way slowly toward a complete mastery of their medium—form, counterpoint, harmony, the proper employment of voices and instru- ments. etc-before they could rive perfect and w" to the religious ~ splred their music. This mastery was not attained nntl the end of the 17th Century, though there are some among the great pioneers. Byrde in England, Palestrlnit in Italy, who are names to conjure with even yet. It was in the age of Bach and Handel that the perfect fusion be- tween religious inspiration and techinal mastery took place. Thencefor-th music could stand on its own feet as firmly as poetry. paintng, and the drama. It is tnie that in some hands the musical interest then began to outweigh the religious. But such works have not lasted well. when faith is not there, music is empty. But faith can find Only a faltering voice when 't has not mastery of all the musical resources. Faith. however, is a large thing. It doeg not find its only outlet in oratorio and the other formal dc- vices of ecclesiastical music. All the great composers are prophets. like the poets and painters. so far as they give an ideal expression to the feelings of the many by virtue of higher wrought powers and sensibility. All have faith in some beauty of ilhe spirit. which alone is what makes n. faith worth having. “Paint the soul’ never mllnd the legs and anus!" the monks told Pm Iippo Lipp’: but his Vision was no less divine bcaause he printed beauty 8.5 he saw it. So the purest music, that is, the most perfect music, comes closest to purest beauty and divine excel- lence, whether written for per- formance in a church or not. Beethoven's symphonies have moved thousands through the God- like quality in his though‘. as a man, who might be far less st‘rred by the mystical awe of Bach's St. Matthew ion. "On God and God-like men we build our trusW-that has always been the foundation of the best in music; even where the expression of it has not necessarliy led a com- poser to what is formally regarded as devotional music. The instinctive reverence for music as something purifying and ennobiing and divine finds utterance again and again in literature-perhaps nowhere better than in the passage Where Brown- ing makes his organist meditate: "Bit here is the finger of God, a flash of the will that can. Eximent behind all laws: that made them, and. lo, they are! And I know not if. save in this, such gift to be allowed to man, That out of three sounds he frame, not a fourth sound, but a star. Consider it well: each tone of our amle in itself is nought: It is eWfYwhere in the world- .\\ r. \ y...<it..,,i:g'.~tr,,,.' REQT-WEST LIFE fr 1 COMPRNY E. JLLi/fill III III III r h” § A Century Of Peace (Exchange) Representatives of Great Britain, Canada, France and the United States will all conjoin to celebrate the century of peace which has been maintained between this Dominion and the United States. There are three thousand miles of boundary line affixed. The St. Lawrence wat- ers flow between two powerful na- tions. The ancient relic of this fort is the sign that any though of war between the peoples on either side of the river is as dead a. letter as the debris of those crumbled pixies which tvcre cut down by troopers in the march of the invaders of i812. The dates for the four-nation celebration at Niagara Falls, N. Y., are Septem- ber third, fourth, fifth and sixth. To participate in the dedication of restored Old Fort Niagara, to at- tend the unveiling of a monumental memorial to the Rush-Bagot Treaty and to witness the great pageant- drama of Old Fort Niagara, nightly feature of the celebration the four governments have designatedoffic- ial emissories. Dedication of Old Fort Niagara, completely restored to its antique grandeur after seven years’ labor and at a cost of $500,000, and the unveiling upon its Lake Ontario par- apet of the memorial to the Rush- Bagot Treaty, which has brought 117 years of unparalleled peace to the 4,000-mile American-Canadian fron- tier, will supply the occasions motifs of war and peace. . These contrasting themes have been woven into a historical presen- tation, “The Pageant Drama of Old Fort Niagara", to be staged nightly during the celebration under direc- tion of Thomas Wood Stevens} fam- ed dramatist and producer. With a cost, of 3,000, it is to be presented in full costume upon a stage Z50 by 150 feet at a new municipal stadium seating 15,000 which the city of Nia- gara Fnlls built for the purpose al- most within earshot of the renown- ed cataracts. The Old Fort Niagara, Association, which maintains the Old Fort as a patriotic and historic shrine under nominal rental from the U. s. War Department, is sponsoring the Four- Nation Celebration through a speci- ally organlzed non-profit corporation financed by private subscriptions and by $50,000 appropriated by the State of blew‘: York. By means of the celebration, the Association hopes to awaken the consciousness of the peoples of both continents, 111 a period of world unrest, to the com- plete success of the peace which had prevailed for more than a century along the second longest of frontiers. With the Old Fort, local point of prolonged and saguinary conflict, as a martial backdrop, it is planned thus the more impressively to pre- sent refutation of the dogma that lusting international peace is an ideal beyond actual realization. It is said that North America af- fords no more popularly nppeahng a stage for such dramatization than Old Fort Niagara. As part of the modern Fort Niagara Military Rie- servatlon, it is the only U. S. Army Post to fly foreign flags. These memoralizing the nations and the periods at which they successively pssesscd it. are the triple fleur dc lls of Louis XIV, and Great Britain's double-crossed Union Jack of 1759, when dynamic Sir William Johnson ‘wrested the fort from the French. Above and between ihcm floats 15- starred and 15 barred Old Glory 1796, the year in vivhich the victori- ous colonies took possession of the fort under the terms of the Paris Treaty which had ended the Rcvolu. tionary War l3 jtears before. First established by La Salle in 16/78, the fort quickly became be- cause of its strategic location at the confluence of the Niagara River and Lake Ontiirlo, the military, commer- Tit. L. s. suns of London, Eng. Noted Physician, treated euc- cessfully and obtained per- manent curee of Stomach conditions, such as Indiges- tion, Dyspepsia, Sour Stom- ach, llcart Burn, Gastric Dis- tress and many other ailment: percullor to the Stomach with a prescription. which we have procured and sell under the name of EVANS STOMACH MIXTURE We alone have the sole right] on this prescription and since selling it have received numer- ous testimonials from satisfied purchasers. Don’t fool with your Stom- ach. serious conditions are likely to arise If you allow Yourself to lapse into a chronic state of gastric trouble. loud. soft. and all is said; Give it to mo to use! I mix it wfl twp In my thnlwhl And, there! Yc inm- heard and I seen: mnsider and bow the heed!’ The 2 Macs DRUGSTORE clal, political and religious key to the exploration and settlement of the entire west. It proved a strong- hold of military consequence in. no less than three wars and exerted a. potent influence upon the establish- ment and colonization of Buflalo, Chicago, Detroit and scores of other important cities. Long neglected, even threatened with destruction by the very inland seas over which it so long stood guard, the Old Forts restoration was begun seven years ago at the in- stance of W. W. Kincaid, founder and now president of the Old Flort Niagara. Association. With the co- operation of various civic, patriotic and historical organizations and aided by private contributions and public funds, the long and exacting task of reviving its simple 17th Cen- tury grandeur was begun. Atop the sea wall on the Lake Ontario side, with $16,000 furnished by the Federal Government, Will A. Cannon, noted Niagara Falls archi- tect, has set the imposing sandstone monument to the Rush-Bagot Treaty for which Augustus Luke- man, renowned sculptor is making the commemorative bronzes. This epochal agreement reached in Wasti- ington in 1817 by the then Secretary of War and the British Ambassador, simply committed the contracting parties to the limitation of naval armaments upo nthe Great Lakes. But, the spirit of amity and in- terriatlonal good will which it crea- ted and fostered, has, by tacit ex- tension, come to prevail along the entire 4,000-mile Canadian-Ameri- can frontier and has survived re- current pique on either side over differences which otherwise might have led to aimed conflict. Pr (Walter Lippmanrrs "The Method of Freedom") It has been the fashion to speak of the conflict between human rights and property rights, and from this it has come to be widcly believed that the cause of private property is tainted with evil and should not be espoused by rational and civilized men. Insofar as these ‘dens rcfer to pluocratic property to great impersonal corporate properties, they make sense. These one not in reality private properties. They are public properties privately controlled and they have either to be reduced to genuinely private properties ,or to be publicly con- trolled. But the issue between the giant corporation and the public should not be allowed to obscure the truth that the only dependable foundation of personal liiberty is the personal economic security of private property. The teaching of history is very certain on this point. It was in the mediaeval doctrine that to king's belong authority but to private per- sons. property, that the way was discovered to limit the authority of the king and to promote the liber- ties of the subject. Private prop- erty was the original source of free- dom. It is still the main bulwark. Recent experience confirms this truth. Where men have yielded without serious resistance to the tyranny of new dictators, it is be- cauw they have lacked property. They dared not resist because re- sistance meant deslzltuti-n. The lack of a strong middle class in Russia, the impoverishment of the middle class in Italy. the ruin of the middle class in Germany. are the real reasons. much more than the ruthlessness of the Black it i perty And Liberty shirts, the Brown Shirts, and u,‘ Red Army, why the State 1mg 5g come absolute and individual liberty ’s supressed. What maintains liberty in France in Scandinavia, and in the Einglish-speaiglng mum tries is more than any other Lhln‘ the greet mass of people who are independent because they have, u Aristotle said, “a moderate gm sufficient property." They mm, the absolute State. An official, a. teacher, a scholar, a minister, g. journalist, all thew whose buslnggg it is to make articulate and to lead opinion will act the part of free men if they can resign or be dis. charged without subjecting their valves, their children, and them. selves to misery and squalor. For we must not expect to find in ordinarw men the stuff of mar- tyrs, and we must, therefore, secure their freedom by the normal mo- dives. There is no auror- way m give men the courage to be free than to insure them a competence upon which they can rely. Men can. not be made free by laws unless they are in fact free because no man can buy and no man can coerce them. That is why the English- man's belief that his home is his castle and that the king cannot enter it, is the very essence of the free man's way of life. This is the substance of liberty, not perhaps as diaJectlcians or doc- trinaires might define it, but as the people who have won and main- tained their liberties have lea-rat’ to understand it. Post-Positional Preposition (Hamilton Herald) A few days ago, in a letter that appeared on this page, a corres- pondent referred somewhat apolo- getically to the fact that he used a "preposition to end a sentence with." There was little net-d for the apologetic note. Objection in use of the preposition in this posi- tion is now confined largely to word prudes and stilted stylists. A debate on this question has been going on for some time in a London paper, and it has been pointed out, quite properly, that a word cannot literally be a “prepo- sition" if it is placed last. However, if gracious use of language is a worthy goal, it would be better to change the name of the part oi speech than confine it to use as I "joiner." Free use of the preposition, ac- cording to the New York Times. is "a grace to strive after," and it points out that post-positional us! of this form is often helpful in set- ting rid of the word "which," the “sign manual of a stuffy SW10" If there were rigid rult-‘S 85 "l use of the last word, the world would be denied the beauty of 11ml such as : "Only the dead world know! ~ the tunes The live world dances to." And it would have been neces- sary for Shakespeare to writer "We are such stufl as that of which dreams are made." 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