"Mi uke p it”; I‘ng lief PM ‘Mt “k vhf Ill \ ' b I r l 0h w u. if g; I r, ’5‘: emery ii a.- .37, Wqu-» w...» "my WM .H , i, )0. ’ m, in? raw! v... 1 m were. - swore-n.3,? _ Q, r é-‘vrt.m.‘,A—g . l HIS Excellency the l AND L n p @fllflmial @Qralhv PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND ADVERTISER. *7 ,7 mm Seams] CHARLOTTETOWN, SATURDAY, JULY 24, 1841. j [N o. 208 4*- Militia General Order. Head Quarters, Charlottetown, June 7th, 1841. *7 pleased to order the ace as follows: Monday, August 2d—Tracadie and Morel. Tuesday, fad—Saint Peter’s Bay, Gaose River, Saint Mar- garet's and Tullocli. . Wednesday, 4tli—Surveyor’s lnlet and East Point. Thursday, 5th—Sonris and Bay ofFortune. 4th Queen‘s County Regiment; Captain the 4th Prince County Regiment, Promoted. By Command, A. LA , Lieut. Colonel and Adjutant General. Commanding Officers are requested to send to the nearest PostOflice for Orders and Returns. LAND ASSESSMENT. ‘ TaitAsunxit's OFFICE, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, 1st June, 1841. IN pursuance of the Act of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, Island, contaied in the several Townships, longing thereto; and the Townships and Islands as aforesaid; dings ‘for each and ever uncultivated Pasture Lot, Common and Royalty of Charlottetown; and the sum of {orth and every cultivated or improved Town, for each and every cultivated or improved ties,and so in proportion for a less quantity; Land'in the Royalty of Georgetown, called reserved the sum of TWopence per acre on each and every my hands, or the hands ofiny Deputies, “Term, at Charlottetown, shall then be in arrenr _ thereon, agreeebly to the directions ofthe said Act. J. SPENCER SMITH, Treasurer. Commander in Chief has been ANNUAL INSPECTION ofMilitia, to Cross Roads, Saint Andrew’s John Large, from to be Captain, vice Lawson, of the General Asseriibly of this Island, made and passed in the Seventh year ofthe Reign intituled An Act for levying an flssessment on all Lands in this Island—I do here- by publicly notify the Owners or Occupiers of Land within this for which the Annual Assessment charged thereoa by the said recited Act, of Four Shillings, lawful money of this ,Island, for every Hundred Acres of wilderness or unimproved Lands and the several Islands be- sum of Two Shillings for every Hun- dred Acres of cultivated or improved Land in the said several and the sum of Four Shil- or umimproved Town Lot, 0t and Water Lot, granted in the Town Two Shillings Pasture, Com. anon and Water Lot as aforesaid; and the sum of Two Shillings and Eightpence for each and every Town Lot, Pasture Lot and Water Lot, granted in the Towns and Royalties of Georgetown and Princetown; and the sum of One Shilling and Fourpence Town, Pasture and Water Lot, granted in the said last-mentioned Towns and Royal- and the sum of One Pennv per acre on each and every acre ofcultivnted or improved Lands; and acre of such bands as mav be deemed uncultivated or improved Lands, is pay- able, that no ess the Assessment for the current year he paid into on or before the Twenty- first of December, 184], I shall, on the last day of the next Hilary make Proclamation of all such Lands as for non-payment of the sums charged Treasurer’s Office, June lst, 1841. IN compliance with the provisions of the Act of the an Assessment on all Lands within this Island, I have appointed the following persons to be General Assembly, for levying Receivers ofthe said Assessment: Prince County. Joseph Pope, Bedcque; Thomas C. Compton, St. Eleanor's; James Y 0, Port Hill; V“..__A_A,.V“A~llau_ml‘:o satin Cascumpeque. mryzmw~ww~ w - m... . . James Pidgeon, New London; Thomas Fairbairn, Sable; Solomon Desbiisay, Charlottetown; Allan Macdougall, Belfast. King's County. John Jardine, St. Peter’s; Alexander M :icdonald, St. Margaret’s; \Villiam S. Macgowan, Souris; Hugh Macdonald, Three Rivers; James Richards, Murray Harbour. J. SPENCER SMITH, Treasurer. (F mm the Montreal Gazette.) AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT. by previous plougliings. attributed, as much as to any other cause. field, saturated with wet. at this time of the year, pa ticularly if the soil is a heavy clay, ceive the seed when dry until it is perfect them. Plants derive tribution only those portions ofthe surrounding ai around them the nutritious principles required for the growth, and for the exercise of their functions; it necessary that they should be able to extend their root in order to drain front the soil its nourishing juice and to fasten them in the earth, so as to be being dried up by heat or uprooted by the winds. is impossible for them to do all this unless the soil open and well pulverised, well drained when ploughed. every farmer; and there is no them, that must not reasonableness :— ly loaded with leaves of plants are often moist in the morning; the r turn ofthe sun, and the heat of the day, liquid, to be deposited again at sunset, the changes in the temperature of the atmosphere, different periods of the twenty-four hours, water constantly applied to plants, organs. “ The aqueous vapours r-v 1-.- .nmlonaod and (magi suspended in the air beg 32mg and wt which have arisen frow the earth during the day; the always injurious to man, and it that he fears and shuns the night damps. is supported by the dews, Just published, foolscap 8vo., pp. 128, Price 25. 3d. - MORAL RENOVATION; or, The Empire of Bac- By the Rev. JOHN chus destroyed. THE Pxizn ESSAY. KNOX. CHARLOTTETUWN : COOPER & BREMNER. effects upon vegetation. it is should unite certain qualities, possess. “ When the soil is hard and compact, which it does not alwa by rays of the sun. without having moistened the roots FOR SALE, By order of the Honourable the House of Assembly ,x THE CHART of HiLLsnonouen BAY and the HAR- ' noun OfCHARLOTTETOWN—a CHART of (humour BAY THREE RivaRs in this Island, surveyed cap. 5, by the Hon and the HARBOUR of . . under the Colonial Statute, 2d Victoria, George Wright, Surveyor General, and George Peacock, Esq, R Said Charts 'are now on Sale at the Office of the Surveyor General, at the Store of Mr. Henry Stamper, Char- .N., Commissioners appointed under the said Act. Royal Gazette Office, and the I lottetown, and at the Custom House, Three Rivers. . the plants, or softened the earth around them: dew, while the roots, which are the principle vehicles nutriment, when the plant is fully developed, are not any degree benefited by it. cases, that the soil should be softened. which it is charged to the roots of the plants, and AUXILIARY BIBLE SOCIETY. THE Committee of the Bible Society have received from London a small supply of large and elegant Bibles, Mr. 11. Stampcr’s which are now on sale at their Depository, Book-Store, Queen Street. June 3, 18‘“ . ALLIANCE COMPANY. Subscriber has removed his Office to mises lately occupied by Mr. JAiiiEs H. Down, Catholic Chapel, will please‘ apply to persons can have Fire Insurance :without reference to London. Charlottetown, June 29th,1841. L 1 ’1 of Charlottetown, to commence business in the the 8th day of August next, fin the Charlottetown Market, after that date; and hopes, by share of' public patronage. "New Bedeque Road, July 5th, 1841. N. B. WANTED,a good active Man, -will be given. English LADY, accustomed to Tuition? both _in is desirous of meeting with an engagement in a ‘1‘“)! governess. For addre85,&.c. inquire at the Herald N A: her own country and in France, Pul’ll' “A Music, French and Drawing, or family, as Office. Charlottetown, June 30. the pre- near to lhe where the assured in the above Company have their Policies renewed, and where effected at moderate rates of premium, on Buildings, Furniture, Stock in Trade, and Ships on 1he Stocks-A share of the profits allowed to the assured. The Subscriber is empowered to settle losses in all ordinary cases, CHARLES YOUNG, Agent. 7 H E Subscriber begs leave to inform the Inhabitants and the Island in general,that he intends BUTCHERING line, on Saturday, whenfi; is hfis ilptlgntion ted gavel; an ' l of all kinds of eat, re utter an on tr nxcenem Slippy and to attend every Market Day; keeping a good supply, to merit a THOMAS HAYSTEAD. as u Slaughterer, and who will occasionally work on n Farm,to whom liberal wages depth; the reviving moisture ; its roots is more lasting than that which it absorbs rapidly, are speedily dried by the heat. readily to the action ofthe roots, whether it be the soil its nutritive properties. custom observed by all agriculturists, and of which as peas, beans, potatoes, and other roots, are sown ’ furrows, at equal distances from each other, the soil thus rendered light, soft, and favourable to thee whilst, at the same time, weeds, ment afforded by the ground, are destroyed; and. soil rendered more fit to receive the rain, and com it to the roots. real, but I hold them to be secondary, to the advantage derived from opening access to t earth in contact with them. and upon the . efi'ects ofthis meth “‘I have uniformly observed the to be equally of beet-roots, and Ihave never employed any other came yellowish and drooping; in' themselves out, although no rain may ONE or Two APPRENTICES mesn to the P‘m‘P and Blockmaking business. Apply to WATSON DUCHEMIN. February 19th. 1841. I the other culinary roots. “ In the south of France, It is in such a season as this, that the' necessity of perfectly draining arable land may be clearly demon- strated. Ploughed land, that is not sufficiently drained, will in :1 Wet spring be converted into a mass of mud, and when dried again by the heat of summer, will have lost all the good effect that should have been produced Indeed, it is to the imperfect draining of arable land, that our light crops are to be A ploughed must be unfit to re- agaiii ploughed—It may be sown and burrowed, it is true, but there cannot be any reasonable expectation ofa good crop on land that is too hard to admit the roots ofthe plants growing upon iteo extract and find nutriment to support and their support from the earth, and are not like animals endowed with the power of locomotion, but are always fixed to a limited portion of the soil. They depend upon the small space which they occupy for the supply of their wants, and can place under con- earth and water that come in contact with them. It is necessary, tlien,that they should find immediately secure from It ed and this it cannot be if not The following observations, from “Chaplat’s Agri- cultural Chemistry,” are well worthy the attention of farmer who will read be convinced of their truth and “ The air may be considered as a vehicle, constant- a quantity of water in vapour, of which the coolness of the night causes it to deposit a part upon the earth.’ The surface of the ground, and the evaporate this 7 m'di’l'fng ‘he‘l‘m‘llr' ’bm“°"“ “yield the means of reproduction and night; thus, by an alternate movement, determined by to preserve them from the excess of heat, which would wither and dry up their them is deposited the greatest part ofthe M exhalations, though beneficial to vegetation, are almost is not without reason In southern climates, where the heat of the sun is more intense, and rains less frequent than in the nothern, vegetation which are very abundant. ' In order that the dews of night may produce their best necessary that the soil and forms, the action of the air,'an impenetrable crust, the dew is deposited upon the surface, and evaporated by the so that ofthe organs that serve to convey nourishment to the plants, the leaves arethe only ones benefited by the It is necessary, in such lightened, and divided, so that the air may convey the water with every part of the earth surrounding them, to a certain thus the plant can imbibe, through all its pores, and that which it received by any other way, because the roots, being sheltered from the direct rays ofthe sun, evaporation takes place less and the moisture is retained, whilst the leaves Besides, that earth which is most easily affected by the dews, yields most fix the plant firmly, by their extension, or to draw frOm “This explains, in a natural manner, the origin ofa acknowledge the advantage—When vegetables, such the intervals is hoed, or dug. With the utmost care, and which would be hurtful to the cultivated plants, by deperlng lhem 0f nOUI’lSh' I do not deny that these benefits are and subordinate air, and permitting it toneposit its dews up0n the roots, speedy and favourable in the cultivation restore their vegetation to its freshness, when they be- three or four hours it will become a beautiful green, and the leaves spread have fallen ; and this often when the soil had not contained a single weed. I have observed the same effect produced upon where it hardly ever rains during the summer, the foot of each setting of the vine is laid bare, by digging around it a circular trench, deep and Wide enough to contain, uncovered, the stump, and the radicles proceeding from it, and the opening is speedily covered over bv the leaves and branches. It is evident that this method has no other advantage than that of facilitating the access of the air to the roots, that it may deposit there the dews with which it is more abundantly charged than in cold cli- mates—if it were not thus, this practice would expose the y’ines to be dried up by the scorching heat of the sun. t The above observations are manifestly correct, and it must consequently be evident to every experienced farmer, how necessary it is in this climate, that the land under crops should be in a loose and open state to re- ceive the beneficial effects of air and moisture. It is on this principle that it would be extremely desirable to introduce drilling crops of grain, and subsequently hoe- ing them, at least once before coming into ear. This would insure a more perfect cultivation of the soil, be- cause seed could not be drilled. in, unless the soil was open and well pulverized. ' ' There is not clertainly much encouragement to ex“. pend capital and labour on our arable lands, while wages are high, andproduce low; but it is equally certain, that unless the labour that is necessary to produce good crops be expended on our tillage lands‘,it would be better to leave them waste. The prospects of the Canadian agriculturists may soon be more cheering. If any measures can be adopted that would be likely to prove beneficial to the interests of Our agriculture, we un- doubtedly are entitled to expect that they will be adopt- r- [a ir is S, s, 's I think I cannot better conclude this communication than in the following words of“ Bronterre” 2—“ Of all human occupations, agriculture is not only the most essential to man’s existence, but also the most condu- cive to his health, his innocence, and his happiness. Surrounded by the beauties of earth, as it were under the eye of heaven, be naturally imbibes a more genial temperament both of body and mind than those confined in the murky atmosphere of cities, amidst the din and bustle ofthe workshop, or the higgling and chicanery of dishonest barter, with its attendant cares and devour- ing excitement. Agriculture is, moreover, the most profitable occupation, as regards the whole community; for, being the basis of all other occupations, its pros- e- prosperity to all the rest.—-The agriculturist produces and reproduces not only the food consumed by all em— ployed upon the land, during the process both ofculti- vafl'on and vegetation, but also the food of every other description of person. whatever his occupation in so— ciety. Without a sufficient supply of food, and of the raw materials ofclothing, such as wool, flax, hides, See. which agriculture alone yields; without this sufficient “plydnfinghme re reduction, all manufactures and commerce would stan ‘slill, as well as agriculture it- self. Considered, then, merely as a means to an end, and narrowing that end, as the political economists do, to the mere production of wealth, with scarce” any reference to its distribution and enjoymem, agriculture is the first and most important of all industrial per-suited! In no country on earth is it so, if not in Canada, and one would imagine it should be so regarded, and valued and encouraged accordingly. at is in th SB Y5 WM. EVANS. Cote St. Paul, June 2, 1841. BAD PRACTICES or FARMERS.-—1. That of exhaust- ing land by over-cropping. President Madison attri- buted this to the effect of‘ habit,’ continued after the reason for it had ceased to exist. Whilst there was an abundance of fresh and fertile soil, it was the interest of the cultivator to spread his labour over as great a surface as he could. Land being cheap and labour dear, and the land co-operating powerfully with the la- bour, it was profitable to draw as much as possmle from the land. Labour is now comparatively cheaper, and land dearer. Where labour has risen in price four fold, land has risen ten fold at least. 2. The evil ofpressing too hard on the land has also been much. increased by the bad mode of plowing up and down hilly land, which, by exposing the loosened soil to be carried off by rains, has hastened more than any thing else the waste of its fertility. 3. The neglect of manure is another’ error. It is traced to the same cause with excessive cropping. In the early stages of cultivation in this country, it was more convenient and more profitable to bring new land into cultivation, than to improve old land. The failure of new land has long called for the improvement of old land; but habit has kept us deaf to the call. 4. Among the best means of aiding the productive- ness of the soil, is irrigation—a resource which abounds in this to a much greater extent than in any other coun- in t in of of in to in to all tr. '5. Mr. Madison conceived it a gross error that horses should be so generally used instead of oxen, and his reasoning is pretty conclusive in favour of the ox. 6. Too many neat cattle are kept in proportion to the food provided for them. As a farm should not be cultivated beyond the point at which it can be kept in good heart, so the stock of cattle should not be kept in reater number than the resources of food can keep in ir, he FY ANECDOTE or THE DUKE or PORTLAND.——-The Duke found that one of his tenants, a small farmer, was falling, year after year, intoarrears of rent. The Duke rode to the farm, saw that it was rapidlv deteriorating, and the man, who was really an expeiieiiced and in-' dustrious farmer, totally unable to manage it, from po‘ verty. In fact, all that was on the farm was not enough to pay the arrears. “John,” said the Duke, as the farmer came to meet him as he rode- up to the house, “I want to look over the farm a little.” As they went along. “ Really,” said he, “ everything is in very bad case. This won't do. I see ‘you are quite under it. Allyour stock and crops won’t pay the rent in arrear. de1 tell . you what 1 must do; I must take the farm into my own hands; you shall look after it for me, and I will pay you your wages.” Of course there was no saying nay—the poor man bowed assent. Presently there came a reinforcement of stock, then loads of manure; at the proper time seed, and wood from the plantations for repairing gates and buildings. The Duke rode over frequently. The man exerted himself, and seemed really quite relieved from a load of care by the change. Things speedily assumed a new aspect. The crops and stock flourished; fences and out-buildings were put into good order. In two or three rent days, it was seen by the steward’s books that the farm was making its way. The Duke on his next visit said“ “ Well, John, I think the farmdoes very well now. We will change again; you shall be tenant again, and, as you now have your head fairly above water, I hope you will be enabled to keep it there.” The Duke rode off at his usual rapid rate. The man stood in astonishment; but a happy fellow he was, when, on applying to the steward, he found that lie was actually re-entered as tenant to the farm just as it stood in its restored condi- tion. I will venture to say, however, that the Duke himselfwas the happier man of the two.——W Hewitt. Tun ‘\V0NDERs or Hon'rICUL'ruRE.-—Innumerable are the advantages which mankind have derived from the horticulturists. Few would suppose the. peach (from which branched the nectarine) had its origin in the almond; or that the shaddock, the citron, the wild lime. That favourable edible, celery, springs from a rank and acrid root denominated smallage, which grows on the sides of ditches, and in the neighbourhood of the sea. The hazel—nut was the ancestor of the hi- bert and the cubnut, while the luscious plum can claim no higher source than the sloe. From the sour crab issues the golden pippin, and the pear and cherry originally grew in the forest. The garden asparagus, which grows, though not very com 'Inly, in stony and grevelly situations near the sea, w en growing spon- taneously, is a diminutive plant, and none indeed but apractised eye, examining into the species which is reared by artificial culture, can discern the least resem- blance. Wondrous to relate, the cauliflower, of which brocoli is a subvariety, derives, its existence, together with the cabcage, from the colewort, a' plant in its na- tural state and scanty leaves, not weighing half an ounce. The Crambe Maritime, 'which is found wild adjacent to the sea, has been improved into seak'ale; the invaluable potato is the offspring of a bitter Ameri- can root of spontaneous growth; and the all-tempting pine-apple rdos-rgnd‘s from a fruit which in foreign cli- mates grows Wild by the sides of rivulets, and under the shade of lofty trees—English Periodical. ' . could scarcely go on without tar, yet we seldom think of enquiring how it is made. Fir-trees (plnus Silves- tris) which are stunted, or, from situation, not adapted for the saw mill, are peeled ofthe bark a fathom or two up the stem, this is done by degrees, so that the tree shall not ,decay and dry up at once, but for five or six years should remain in a vegetating state, alive, but not grow- ing. The sap thus checked makes the wood richer in tar; and at the end of six years, the tree is cut down, and is found converted almost entirely 'into the sub- stance from which tar is distilled. The roots, rotten stubs, and scorched trunks of the trees felled for clear- ing land, area“ used for making tar. In the burning or distilling, the state of the weather, rain, or wind, in packing the kiln, will make a difference of 15 or 20 er cent. in the produce 0 tar. The labour of trans- porting the tar out ofthe forest to the river side is very great. The barrels containing tar are always very thick and strong, because, on the way to market, they have often to be committed to the stream to carry them down the rapids and waterfalls.—Luing’s Tour in Sweden. ATTAINMENT or KNOWLEDGE—The late Dr. Olin- thus Gregory, the friend and biographer of Robert Hall, has made this true and important remark: “With a few exceptions, (so few, indeed, that they need scarcely any thing upon which he sets his heart. To” ensure success, he has simply so to discipline his mind as to check its vagrancies, to cure it of its constant proneuess to be doing two or more things at a time, and to compel it to direct its combined energies, simultaneously, to a single object, and thus to do one thing at once. This I conSldel' as one of the most difficult, but one ofthe most useful lessons that a young man can learn." Loom—Some persons appear to be always lucky in whatever they undertake, but the secret of this is ex- posed in an excellent little book called.“ Hints to Me- chanics.” The author says, that generally speaking, plight. If a poor farm is unprofitable, so are poor cattle. 7. Ofthe all errors in our rural economy, none perhaps is so much to be regretted, because none so difficult to be repaired. as the injudicious and excessive destruction of firewood. It seems never to have occurred that the fund was not. inexhaustible, and that a crop of trees could not be raised as quick as one of wheat or corn. —-Amerz'can Paper. THE PLouen.-—It is not known where he that in- vented the plough was born, nor where he died ; yet he has effected more than the whole race of heroes and conquerors, who have drenched it with tears and manu- red it with blood, and whose birth, parentage and educa- he od 10 your “lucky fellows,” when one searches closely into their history, turn out to be your fellows that know what they are doing, and how to do it in the right way. Tbeir luck comes to them because they work for it; it isluck well earned—They put themselves in the way ofluck. They keep themselves wide awake. The, make the best of what opportunities they possess, and always stand ready for more; and when it mechanic does thus niuch, depend on it, “must be hard luck in- deed if he does not. gm, 3‘ leash employers, customers, and friends. - . V “ Speak to a child-«any child——in a calm, positive, clear voice, and he will be sure to obey you, if you speak tion have been handed down to us with a precision pre- cisely proportionate to the mischief they have done. once; and only once.”—Mrs. Sigourney. orange, and the lemon, proceeded from the diminutive . MANUFACTURE OF TAIL—The machinery ofthe world“ N ' be taken into a practical estimate,) any person may learn ,