} 'Il' l= I' 1;.: i ' -z-1 » i 1 if . ll i . i i Mix -": l" ~ _‘rl 'zrl ii , cyl - t, fl mil* -11 I li l ll., . __- tft §'_"§ .1 . . _,H .,, :;§_’ ll, li iff' .lm ,, pq ' ill: - lit; Milli 1-1' -l:__.'~_L§ .l ‘wa ali `l_ (A H . til, .H .-.7.~__-;.=;.-i"_.. I ,:. 12%-1;' ffl#-`? Lili? ->-:lf-5.-.+- _ja _-fc >. lt- ; -uf !~ . i fi"- ; li__ i if ffl 'fi ,--i ia” 5’-11:, if ‘ lv _l, ._ 3‘=`_-7;' ._..s,.-__ -'ft .. itll' '. in . " 1 <1-:am gi. ,_ ]._ *rt *fn- ".¢¢-vs../,~].,i . 'sw' .of ii' .L_ v 'i '14 F 1" ~l.,§. ki' T1 v i‘ |_ _v` Y. Q ;L., fr ,. ix* l- ,r_ ly.; 1 i ll ill’ l l .,., , 'p§l.1_ n fl. fl ‘ fli-‘O SEM n 4. i ,x_ .» l. it -, 3. -\.:.’ ,tt t l l 'fi Fi* . i *ii- . i" in ij; a .f 35. if - .\-n .___ .<~ ' ~'-7. . . 1 my ~i»o-,ir (_. 1 li 5' t _cban_g'es_ at any till are egpenslvei ' ‘ .tooatinusa from use 9) r.,_ _ in this line. for a number come even if the war does Our provincial trend is to- e of more beef blood in ireo which will' give a reli- ement. I-would not advise M83; .llgould dis- place' t dairy A 0_1' t e reason #produce is commanding high afiigiiil liiffii :"f'l|a'supply of bacon is,sn,lmportunt part of our production but ithss been _gradually declining during the past number of years. In 1000 the exports ol. Canadian bacon had reached the proportion of 136,141,424 lbs. but gradually declined to 39,210,377 lbs. in 1913. This falling oft ln exports does not indicate a decline ln hogrsfeing. In 1891' Canada had 1,733,850 hogs and 1911 showed an increase to 3.610.428. The decline can be attributed to tlic _ increased home consumption. Until the last two or three years, Western Canada was demanding a large supply to feed its growing population. The continued high prices for pork in- the manure, it must be collected early this month for the first frnme's._ To succeed with botbeds tho' manure must be of such a character as to supply heat over an extended period. if the manure is not right when placed in the pit it soon cools. and frost enters the structure. ruining -the plants. Early made frames require the best prepared manure, as these must have a supply of heat over the longest period and during the coldest weather. Fresh horse manure is the only kind suitable for the liotbeds. This should come from horses that have been highly fed and well bedded. A sufilcl- ent quantity to flll the pit should be prepared at one time, so that no walt- ing will occur to prepare more manure for the frame being made. Whep the manure arrives it should be thrown on a pile and lie loosely for a few days. If the manure contains more droppings than bedding. add a little straw; ‘leaves or other litter to make it less dense, and if it contains too much litter remove part of lt. The best manure is that which is half litter. At first the heating will begin slowly duced many western farmers to use and iirogularly and sometimes it will their lowgrades of grain for hograis- go t-old throughout. When fermenta- ing and lately they have been ship- ping hogs to the eastern markets. - tion does not start readily pour a few pailfuls of hot water in the centre of This is responsible for it decrease in the pile or add a wheelbarrowful of prices during the same season. poultry manure to one portion of the be violent but more or less irregular The Island quality of bacon is Su" manure. Soon the fermentation will V . , . . . holding favorable comparisons. In the next few years those who anticip- tl ate keeping more swine need not fear low prices or overproduction. ln- “ dications would point to it market scarcity in both America and Europe. At the present time packers are tak- ing all the suitable hogs that :irc ol- fered and are not in a hurry to dis- pose of the cured meats. They calcul- ate that before many months tlicrt- wili be higher prices ond better pro- fit. Our Island conditions are especi- ally adapted for the raising of bacon and now we have an opportunity to increase our production, with the :is- surance of regular high prices for seasons to come. The Sheep inalustigv has been tie- mandlng the attention of Live Stock breeders throughoua_Canada for some years past. A notable decline was in evidence prior to 1906. The Mari- time Provinces had 150,000 less' sheep kept on the farms as a result of this ln this Province we had l|3t`»,4:7'3 sheep’ in 1881 and 71,470 in 1906. Since thc last date the prices of lambs, and mul- ton have been steadily increasing with the result that a. marked increase. hen heating is well under way turn is pile over and stack it up ln zi long, arrow heap about five feet high. As heating progresses turn the manure to prevent burning, and at each turning place the outside manure toward the centre of the new heap. When too violent heating takes place and the frame is not ready for the manure, more frequent turning and the addition of some litter are neces- sary. The manure is ready for the frames when it is n fermentfng mass throughout and has become dark. fluffy and moderately moist. The ordinary manure for liotbeds requires two or three weeks for its preparation and from three to five turnings to cause it to reach its best condition. If the heating has progressed too far, the manure soon cools when placed in the frame, and little heat is generated by it. In manurlng the fruit trees with- hold plant food from the pears and sweet cherries, unless these trees are growing in very poor soil and are making little growth, in which case give a light application of manure. Remember, high-priced land cannot in me number kept has been nomfl be profitably planted with low-priced As well there has been an increase in C,.0ps_ In Selecting crops for Naming . . 0 the quality of the flocks More pure bred sires are being used and better general care is being given. The dipping demonstrations con- ducted by the Department of Agricul- ture during the season of 1913 and 1914 have started a more general adoption of dipping. During these two seasons approximately 13,500'sl1eep were dip- ped and the affect has been credit- ably commented on by those receiv- ing the benefit of the work. Another point of improvement is the Sheep Breeders Association which was ln- .hoose those that will give the great- est returns, even though a revision must bc made in the entire scheme of planting. , FERTILIZER DISCUSSED. At the Agricultural Conference held in Marshfield some time ago, the ques- tion of fertilizers came up, and, it was oiiitcd out tliut potash was likely to corporated fn 1914. -By this Associa- tion each breeder of sheep has the op- _ portunity of insuring his sheep u- galnst killing by dogs. The initial cost is 1 cent _ .for each grade sheep and 3 cents per head for each pure v bred sheep owned by the breeders on July lst of each year. The insur- ance is payable each year. In case of sheep being killed by dogs the owner notifies the Department of Agricul-~ ture and after the killing has been ln- " spected he receives 75 per cont of the value of the sheep. The maximum compensation for the grade sheep is $6 and $15 for a pure bred sheep. Fifty per cent is paid by the Department of Agriculture and the other 25 perl cent is paid from the funds of the As- sociation. A large number of breeders have made use of this means of in- suring their sheep against the dog. Killing by dogs was held as one ol' the reasons for the heavy decline in past years. The future of sheep breeding is| reliable. Prices have reached a very high figure during the past season and tmdoubtedly they will hoid a higher place in the future owing to the pre- valent demand for all live stock pro- ducts. Now Gentlemen I have given you a few facts regarding the present states of the Live Stock trade and pointed out that the future prospects are brighter than they ever have been for agrat many years. I have shown you that Canadian trade can justify full production of all ber farms, and that* the British Empire is depending on us to supply a larger proportion of our- production than ever before. And, for such we can depend on increased prices. The largest part that Canada will play in this war is one of supply- ing produce for the iirmy which is a very important part and will show tho loyalty of the colony to the Britlsli Empire fully ns well ns in supplying ornaments. With the aid of every loyal citizen it will only be a matter of time until this masterpiece of human folly is 'brought to a close. and while wr- feel that we are suffering from a suicide of civilization and a sstirc upon Chris- tianity we also feel that thc powers battling _for_ right and justice will bc victorious. D be very dcnr this year, and, conse- quently farmers could not increase their crops to any considerable ex- tent through tlic use of Comnicrcial fertilizers, as the potash that has been marketed has been almost all produc- ed in Germany. There are, however, some sources of potash available to the farmers which are now being over- looked, or are not being cared for as they should bc. The first and most important source is farmyard nianuros. Practically all thc potash fed in the foods consumed by farm stock is ex- ecrcted is also present in the urine, and when one realizes that one halt' of the total nitro- gen excreted is also present in the urine, he can realize how very valu- 'ible liquid manure is. As a fertilizer weight for weight, urine has ti greater mnuurial valuo than solid excreiuent. and, further, it is more valuable for the crops, on account of the constit- uents being in a soluble condition. To allow the liquid manure to be wasted, as is done on many farms, is to throw away one of the most valuable man ui-es, but, the difficulty is, How is it to bc saved? Last year there was an abundant growth of straw and, if this were used plontifully for bedding, a great amount. of it would be nbsorb- ed. Where possible. however, it is best to allow the animals to run loose in box stalls. then, if plenty of bedding is supplied, all the liquid will be ab- sorbed. The gettlng of it onto the land is another question, and would -take* a full evening to discuss. Wood ashes is another important source of potfslh and very many farmers waste the rfiaslies. \Ve must bear in mind that ,the potash salts are readily sol- uble,_and, if they are exposed to heavy rains, n great deal oi’ their fertility will be lost. Farmers should this year plan to keep their ashes under cover, und to spread them at the rate of 25 bushels an acre on the land in the Spring, and barrow in sos weed, where it can be had, is another source of potash. and. as many of our farms lie on the sea coast ,farmers should plan to make use of this fertilizer wherever possible. The Donilnion De partnient of Agriculture has issued a circular on "Potash iu Agriculture" which can.-bc had on application to the Division of I’ubllcation,_l)cpnrt- ment of Agriculture, Ottawa. - 1‘:;_-: ~ - an-_-_-: - ~ - - - - - ~ -_-_-,~,-_-_-_-f - - - - » -_~_-_-,-,-_~_- A. _-_-,~,-_-_-_-_-_-¢_-_-_-_-Y-,_-____ _ _ _ _ _ _ » _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | I i S prune his shrubs too much and at the wrong time. or else neglect to prune mens that do not bear nearly so many flowers as they are capable of produc- ing. All the shrubs can be divided in- to two general classes: First. those that flower in the sping, on wood pro- duced lsst year, and, second, summer and fall blooming shrubs whose flow- ers are borne on the current season's growth. To the first ciiiss belong the larger number of shrubs usually grown in the garden. Some of them are for- sythia, Japanese quence, the' Spring- flowering splrens. such as Spiraen Thunhergli, and S. Van Ilouttei, weig- ela. syringe and lilac. To the second class belong such plants as roses. the hardy-hydrangeas and the Summer flowering spiroa (Caryopteris niastacanthal. They should be pruned late in the winter 'or in early Spring before growth takes place, as pruning at that time will glvo it greater ylcldrof flowers in the Sum- mer aud Fall. in the northern States -lu the vicinity of Boston, for in- stance-the blue spirea kills back a little each winter so that pruning sim- ply consists in cutting oft’ the dead tips. After the blooming season is past the time to prune the spring flowering shrubs, l. e., those of the first class, and the pruning should consist large- ly of removing the flowering wood which bore flowers this year. Do not cut the branches back very far except very old branches that bore but few flowers. Of this class of branches. the fewer the plant has the better; so cut out 'thc old branches as near tho ground ns possible. Do not attempt to prune specimen shrub son the lawn into set shapes, and do not think that pruning con- sists in lopplng off all the branches at a given point, sothnt the shrub is flat-topped; such specimens are hideous! Unfortunately, however, they are too plentiful. Try to retain all the natural gracefulness of the plant, and if the branches on one side are mak- ing a little less growth than those on the other, or if some branches ure not quite so long as others, do not cut them back so much as the stronger growing branches. This will help to make a more uniform plant. Some of the Spring flowering shrubs that produce long. willowy branches, such as Forsytbia suspense, will need very little pruning; but, in any case. at least some cutting back should be done, for it will increase the number of branches that will bear flower-buds, which will result iu more flowers next year. _ Roses in the average yard ure too often left to shift for theinselves. As a result the plants grow long, be- comes full of dead wood and produce smaller and fewer flowers each year. The following rules should be ob- served:- Strong-growing varieties must not be cut back so severely as the weak- growing ones. for it will tend to make litem Produce too much wood and not enough flowers. ‘ Cut out all the dead and weak shoots first; than tlio strong shoots should be out back to thc desired length. To produce tho biggest flowers, the pruning must be more severe than xlzigre quantity is wanted rather than _Cut the branches about one quarter of an inch above a bud that points outward. Hybrid tc-.ns and tea roses hood not bc pruned until they start to open their buds, and then twice as much wood can be left as one the hybrid pcrpctuals. _- Climbing roses need but little prun- ing. I¢d md goods are _always fresh si” call when i_n lief and in one hour lwas well of mv' > l ~ 1 1 i