*lshot
c:._1:>A,,1_..‘yI.}
' 1
l _  NRI!
CANADA. isArUs`oAv, 1 lions 7, 19.3 ` s{,.s,‘,`e.- iw- ...el  , - i  i‘
.-, _ ` -,~-:_ - Eff.-._  I -XT. _,_
In moving the second reading of ‘dsquate for the construction of u` eenlmsnt that i gy U »
. ‘ ' . il -
the Naval Aid bill in the Senate. H011 fleet unit, which was regarded at the for the most ponweifiiig vsgiifl “deign in Tris; I::xl;1al;)guC,;eat,Z;d a “wa
J. A. nouzueea ure sovernrnent time -n England, and ey tn r i- - _ ” U" ‘”“'
lender, “im » J _ mr wink the mm t _ H use ami sary a war would involve such risks pire which, previous_to 1393 eonnl
This is ii bill providing that t B r __ - ‘_ .
0 . .
nn
there may be paid and applied out an
of the consolidated revenue fund f d
Canada, a sum not excesdlng,thirty-
 Eirositrlou or ri-is .ci
jerieiicrucv. ,Ann How EME
if 1 iii   Louu-HEED oil Ni\v1iL 0uEs'rLoN
" A \ " ‘ I .F ‘ v ~
r - an - i ~ . ‘_ ._ ',__: au” \,__“~'  4 t_.s s 4
cvennusurs rarity snows in ELoo_uEr_ii rsiuoes, Gnu-: time nscsssuv ron me
resrici occiisiorien our si=_Li= respect i>ieiiiu‘iuui mine lu sniiua ALL iimsu 1 
iciiriiibis    G n G   ' 
sc in osnada, s as to rnnke uw; p0n,¢,,»~g own Bu not have been anticipated It does
hperleeéislfi that lglanada could have p emncy doubtful not necessarily follow that between
pon w due regard to her Germany and Great Britain there
ignity -and sell~resi>ect_ The sa- Evinswoss or AN i~;MnnGuNov_ must be iiostiie remions to rouue
raltv gave its best edviee ee f .~ 1 ” °_’
five million- dollars for the purpose as the construe” n I hi ii 5 riva ry in the building of conipeti
           212;.  
erned, but it was Obvious that such states of the triple alliance, namely mands of the sea from Great Britain.
sciwnie was not §`eKi1l'ded as an Austria and Italy. We know of tba Nations are but uggregations of indi-
iqilisiféon to imperial naval defense. withdrawal of the Mediterranean Viduals, and the same feelings and
is in lfmitlf must URW impressed squadron from that seo. for coiicentra- laws of. rivalry that produce in indi-
self upon the late government, ln; tion ln home tvntem In 1902_ were viduals un emulation to overcome
smuch as having received tenders were one hundred and sixty British each other have their reflex in na-`
r the construction of the ships vessels on the oversee stneions, tions This is brought about by those
0 _ . _
g0vernm__m_c0“ncn at the dmposal of b l'll1€B¢i0H. no action had been taken against seventy-six of toda _ 'flint is fixed laws in human nature common
nnvsl forces of the Empire. It pro- c
poses that this sum shall be need and
gnvernordn-council, in the coustfuc- T
tion of battleship!! 01' i1i`m0“"€d “mis” if,
ers of the most modern and powerful a
type; that the ships -when constructed ‘t
.uni equipped shall he pieced by the i
applied under the direction ol the 3'
Il
His Maiesty for the common defense c
t
they shall be subject to such terms, .m
conditions and arrangements as may in
be agreed upon between the'gover~ Q
nor-in-council and His Majesty S 80V" it
ernment, thus giving '10 til!! €0"'9"D` e
ment of Canada the control of the t
entire sublect. p
porn political parties in Canada un- b
til the year 1909, seem to have been c
iuiiiuerent to seriously cntorius Oli 8
gin; question of naval defense, havlngvt
been so enEI‘0ssed with tim d'="'e‘°P* c
ment of the natural resources, public d
works and the internal trade of our
eouiitry that no public interest was
taken in the question. It_ was not
until 1909, that the parliament of
tlnnadu made any pronouncement 1
upon our obligations to enter ul10“ 0-`
. _ g
system of naval defense. This action m
is undoubtedly attributable to the d
met of nnvsl defense in Eiigiiiiid |19-V‘ h
ing become a much more serious ‘l“BS‘ d
tion than it had before_ assumed. u
when the German Naval bill of 1898 n
was passed, European attention was A
in 1909 and the years immediately ,
only Great Britain - but other Euro- C
penn powers awakened to the fact B
that Gsrmsnv~=.imi._cntlincd _thc °f‘ ,1
ganization of a navy lialoiilili'-H1 ai- ,,
some time to dispute the si1l>1`0Yl\Bi°Y p
of the.eeas with-Great Britain. Pub- b
ue sentiment, psrticulnrly in Give* S
Brltnin, became so aroused as to this
_ m
situation that at the imperial confer- u
ence in 1907, particular stress was B
ie than the statesmaflallip they GX- of the adiniralt author ti s of ucli remnc then as su 'e e
y i e s P y. , i ly as th sun
ibitcd when they gave it birth, This facts as are necessary on the sub- will rise on the morrow must there
6D&I'i-ure from the program decided ject and manifestly cannot be disclos- he ii conflict bctwccn those two great
DOH by th” 'late government was ed, but of which they must be thc powers. This is tho inevitable opera-
Ot at 1111 BQBDEC. and found its par- rlepository. The nrt of diplomacy und tion of a fixed law of two great
llel in the German Naval Bill. Th' t t ft (1 l _ ' E f ' t' ~ - t _
not serio“s\y arous@, and the Dx-2: latter was passed in 1898 d 13 B B. 8 CI`8 all BED UHBKO \l'l lll`0])8 Ol‘C€B ill ml) 10|] lil CUl\V0\'gll’lg 0
gram therein outlined was alllillfen p
ly n comparatively modest M10. UW, W
ggduiiif,;’V§gg£‘°;‘£n;’€rg&’;g9- It” girl); f;:iHi1Yt{ that over eighty yof these 'trol indiyidiiugs as well as to nations.
- ii ac s Ds ave :een with rawn from the e ex rnor iuary growth and devel-
0i the E“‘i’iF°» “M “'h°“ 5° plawd' i seems ripliafilflf- that thi’ govern- overseas stations to add to the fleet opment of the German empire since
ent abandoned the idea of proceed- now stationed in thc home waters, its war with Franco in lR70_ ,is with-
g with the scheme which it had We see the German fleet strong as it out precedent in the history of the
volvcd inasmuch as the experts of is today, massed in full permanent world. The expansion of its popula-
he department charged with the commission in the North sen, We tion, of its manufacturers, of its
arrying out of the scheme reported likewise have in the home water prac- trade. and of its world-wide influence,
hat if the construction had been tically the whole of the British fleet, demand an outflow which can only be
P00505” With. the Ships W0iil<i have und all these engines of destruction secured through the strength of its
9°” 05591956 by U10 time Of their in a state uf war. In addition to arms. on land, und of its ships on
ompletion. The scheme was anneiuic this, wc have practically every snip- the sea. Geographicnlly, Germany is
nd destitute in its constitution of ynrd in Europe running day and more handicapped than any nation in
he fron and blood which must evcr night in ` building ships of war for Eurove. It is the last of the great
h_aracterlze_the fighting uuvy. lt this armngeddon of the sea, which powers to have cmnc upon thc thea-
ied of inanition. cannot be far distant. These are the ter of empire buiidiiig, only to find
outward and visible evidences of that the other powers, and particu-
AN ABANDONED SCHEME. nn"‘cmergency" that we have to fuce. lurly Great Britain, have practically
ln addition to this mass of evi- absorbed in their march of conquest
It is not with unfriendly Oi' Guilt- dence, powerful as it is, we havc‘and achievement those great stretch-
OU9 criticism that I Hill’ the into what even trizuscnds the volume of vs of continent, today so coveted by
overnment exhibited more states- facts which I have pointed out, Gcrmnuy. Should Grunt Britain du-
anship when they permitted it to namely, the knowledge and opinions part from. its triidition of naval su
. BH Di”0~ is such thatit is difficult for one na- wards each other with studied rapid-
osed a program of naval defence tion to conceal from another the sec- ity.
Teh WHS Dgactipallg abandoned iu rets of the state. No more sutisfac- AN 0M1N0llS l’REAMBl.i~l
' _ le “Z 9° U1 CB Y charted fr i t - 'l l ld l uir il tb _
following. P’°§"“i‘mlh°°;';'5n?1‘;t\:‘e‘ almost the second year froriimghart fifiigi   tizlxit Grhhfjegiritlhin tlhlf w,I,?;c`,’,mI “hp:,m‘s",lu°i,?\§t‘lm;T;"f1“t 2°
larscd an °'°fi<““ date. Up to 1912, over uve ti- .i ~ t~ - l - ' iuii- “ " "" ""“ ' ‘ W “ .°"
so nliirmihgiy increased' that not ing bills have been inh.0d“cednmfm]~_ _ny m B Him ’;g»"ver.y nervedm )k). ‘ served that the pi‘eiiiii.blc of tlic (rer-
_ » lull lfig lip Eifif IlPl`6ilBlilK, all mtl lily; \ 1 H I _ _
1 . _ _ _ _ man naval nw may inip ici y. ie ton
v-ly departing from the original sinorent its nee: to meet s .uisiu Hmm, as ,, ,,,,,,,,,,m0 ,
chem and thus invol_ved,srectieai:_vni ii..._.i -nererv ust shortly- - - ‘ '7 ° W”
y an 'iinieudin`é`nt' of'tl1e` former in! colnfe. Tumors, ohtigei? avert from f§;§'"’t (',;i§';wB-’1t“i""“he preamble
Uterine “Pon an expansion and ex- those outward and visahle signs ,.13 as d t B' t t G t d
enditure that had not origiiiall in \ 1 1, nlnte,-1 one the stat-,n~`i n °r er ° pm ec "man ra 0
ee ~t t i , Y W ‘H “ve D ‘_ ' . and commerce under existing condi
fi °“_er ri ned. It is, therefore not ments of the admiralty authorities - . . . `
urprizing that when the late govern- alone should 'be"ac'c`ép`ted by Canada :;1°:;;’iy°n‘yGer§:fn;h:§st ;';2B;‘;m°°1;
_ . . .
nigtoilexigiimttnzf signal mi tthe aut- ima any” nie selitgihvelglnnfniiioleiiihi "‘*m" “ee” °‘ “““h ““"“g“‘ “mi
i 9 ' ° ° 9 ses' 10"” “N mm" rover 1 "_ even for the most powerful naval nd-
on of 1 10 was abandoned. When jest of "emergency " This hill pro-
faiil “DOH thi’ “°°'-“Buy °f °°`°p°r“' this scheme was being discussed be ' ‘ ' i uifici ntly ‘versary a “mr www mvolve Buch
tion by the overseas dominions with mm li t "@0995 m“k“‘5 p“_“"B °“ 5 e . risks as to make that power’s own,
the imperlsl admiralty. Even at that B
conference, Canade.‘s representat ves ,_
uiseourssed any hope ei osneds per-
tyclnnting in any sense, and did not t
P81' “mv” . thc thou 0PP0Ei¢i0il large for the building of three capi- supremac doubtful For this pm,
trongly opposed the scheme for the if tl t t y time be re- . .y '
ease” than get forth. égllesd ip); Ciznaciiil sivmullmanuest ‘_ea_ pgse  is not ahsolzutfglly I (;1eceli=;isari’
The present prime minister was sons it is imposstme to construct ttat e (réilrman flee s ou e as
hen leading the opposition and no th . h_ _ time within our Own s rong as lat of the greatest uavnl
hesitate to so pronounce themselves, policy was more clear; deliiiild th we B ms m ii e,,_ Power, for, as n rule, u great naval
_ Y _ HH country so as to meet t ,e emerg . - , -
l t b 1909-public sentiment in Csp - _ power will not be in a pos tion to
IU Y that W-hicii he laid before the house ey which is the fundamental princi, C ncentr t H .t ,om i Bt
ada had so increased, and become! so 1
intensified as to result in the dec ar- t
house of commons. Bild reading “B d
foliowsi... under the emu, th’ f Shortest Posfibe "ne" ‘ultimately make herself equal to
~"riiie house iuuv recognizes *iw e
uuty or the people of Cfmade- “B e
they increase in numbers and wealth. t
mans that had arisen and that Y 1 t, press the intention of Germany
n 1910. and which in brief was inet ,ng or ure ein. it is impereuve inet  “ " ” i S en neu n
he scheme thenlhefore arli t ' b l `lt here “ ' .
ation and i'==°l“*i°““ PM” “Y ‘he inadequate and unsuitgfi realm:  :Eggs :grips Egouigoneirutlttd inw tire N0 '““g“f‘g° °9“‘d ”’°’° P""“‘*' ef
' O
1 gency at Med the I *lm “Wm” “mt that which has Great Britain on the sea This being
mp re he proposed that a siibstan- .1 H m,ergency" by ' _
isl contribution should be made to giinagnghsltrceauthhritics, by the im-‘ tlfwccasea ‘f,'h‘:,fhBl;°“:i Hifi tcm ;‘,?“t“(;‘f
he imperial government' and fur- penal government by the press of 3 dana a' a B 0 8 e “ _
to assume in large measure the re- ther’ that if in the B ro' cm 1 _ _ _ f 1 bu 1 ,on 'itu e of all the self-goveming dom
SP0i1Bibiiiti°B 01 national demnse' tions he ,came into giiieea hémwgiilcd gre? Bgtggsgniiimihiggs dogg “not "mms beymd the sea? Are these
The house is of Opinion that under commit hi I » _ in t 0 U e_ ' dominions, Canada, Australia, New
the present constitutional relations t
between the mother country. H115 ti” D
self-governing dominions. U15 U“Y` W
ti-lnutlons to the imperial treasury
for naval and military ll\il'D09°°' W°“?
not, so far as Canada is concerns .
bathe most satisfactory solution of
CLEARLY DEFINED POLICY. of the guns, the tearing noise of A
rl li ll, nd swish of the tor-
In the general elections of Scptem- :,233 Billie irish thi colliding ships and It is estimated that Great Britam
they would want to hear the boominil 8
urnish a fleet for the defense of
_ msel to sn emergenc co li f ergency enter- , _ .
“button being made' and toy tae ingeigtadt bi; ills: (pppgsexlé of this bm_ siealand, South Africa and India. t
romulgstion of a permanent policy, To satisfy them that there is an em- P
, hieh. before its adoption be .would the would require rivsl
t 1 nl r and periodical con- ' » ci'E¢i1‘=Y. Y f
men o res a submit to the electorate. fleets to be in the line of battle, empire’ of which We an form B D
ely upon the forty-five millions
eollle in the United Kingdom,
s much as the people of Great B
in? '
of
to
this
art
rit-
the question of gefensgi U Www O, ber, 1911, there was no plank in the the ggonieed ery of the wounded, wlill\e:pci::irydi‘iirfitr;7g iflileosgrgiuiuouylgzr
TM 1101150 Wi ‘mr 5 Y 9' conservative platform more clearly ‘ tn this would satisfy ° n ’ m' `
expenditure designed N0li\1iii!_1‘*59 ““ To keep pace with the expending pro-
any necessary defined than that laid down by the the cm-pn-lg critics of an emergency. gram of Germany as wen M thnt of
to promote the speedy Ofziiiiizlli-i°“
of n Canadian naval service in co-
operation with and in close relni=i°i\ to
present prime minister, and consti-‘ m ig 1; ny that when the ad~i '
tutlng the policy which the govern- m§.21t§.em,tn?n-lsties charged with the,;‘;gf;`i‘;l‘;';‘;c3”1y'ifl;‘;;'E;fl"ti;‘fpent£f
ment is now pursuing, and which is staggering resl>0iiSibiiity of protect- H '
the imi>°fi=1_=1°"Y»°‘°“¢ th” _“W eoai ui uu nu1.'rn teitua r - u tu t it moans. *“‘”" W’ ""““'“'“Y '““'° .*".""
S\1RZ0Bi9d'bY “N immiraity “t \th° :hh coiiaseriilstives party Wea: as eight;-' this emmm and lfut toa the entlrvmade' This is “ ra” in the bmldmg
last imperial conference, and in hill
sympathy with the 'view that the
naval supremacy of Britain ii *Sim*
tial to the security of commerce, the be 1911 th ‘md ‘ t t _ . _ temgently, errnsny won ave none of it I
safety Of W0 °‘“l’“'° “mi "‘° "°“°° °' §ne;'toclr 'steps P31? 8 impiehight tree  toiierhhi-:i;ns'IiiE0 can m £232 euiielr nndhinhmhisgaatt Birisigixi
' ‘ B B 0 8
The house exllrelllip its firm con- P10520 he had given to parliament in 'a minimum This was answered by
the world. F
victiou that whenever' the ,need arises
ine onssaisn people will M i°“““
_ - t only io “Sf i t t
ly defined upon this subject as their :;;,1d ,ay there is an emergency, °;;;I:“';?“t:9o6b°é:';§’ B&_';’€l;’i“ g“;‘;_
policy upon the question of recipro- : ' t i ing every .effort in Pre- D ` D
city. Upon coming into office in Oct- ;£,‘.l,,,¥aff?rni1tn then no patriotic sub- g°“°d “ "°d“‘i:‘ii°,;‘ i“ *“"“”“‘°““' bat
1910, and which we have right to say f THE SINE QUA NON ' _
was ‘!'P9r°v°d by thi’ °l°°t°‘°°"° m ' iEifdmgirgherali?eiggyhlilopltilonplolfgraihl
the general election of 1911. Immed- There cnn he no two opiiiions that. d t d t i
ready and willing tbdnake any sscri- i tl th I I th 8, i t i t lm naval crease armsmen s e erm ned upon
"ca that is ,angina tg give ,to the ‘;°1Y91i;ponmee»<;;:¢; onlnhetezes ax; for the emp_;‘e c§mi;i';;l\d8;i} the Beamiby Italy and Austria. Great Britain
imnerisl authoritiail, the :most loyal
and hearty co-operation ln- every
movement for the maintenance of the ‘
integrity and honor-gf the empire.
_supfem-“CDH 1 5 _ cannot. therefore rely upon any
three of his minlsters,,witli a view that she will have to build up an1l,r di “muon , MVA, expenditure but
. i i ‘ii “ f ,
§€.“':“:..:f;z*‘i:‘.°§s°f€.J§.i§”° iii °:::s’.‘:.‘...‘ff»»    er
sown upon this snbiectl proceeded zoftiie triple eiiien'ee), ss to place hcr”“'°f,° ‘QL “‘°,"°“,‘“."“ °‘”,°‘;‘“h“‘°°' bi 1'
111 D“\`l“"_5“°° °ftm‘ 'um 5°v°mm°m' 'f3lngls.nd,'.snd took up with the ad- ‘defeat beyond all human probability. 7°* 7 ° 9 "3 "mg V0 D as ee"
1 Forms sdnnun. .
, _
of the dev* me imveiisa to inrrned- ri neon o ui dren it, ui riuee _ s e one nr<>\>e\>ie_ ““°° ° ° "‘ ' “
ieeeiy steers- me seaoe is ,I ,,,,,,,,,,.’,,,,,f §,.,,,,, '{,,’,,“,‘f.,,,,'§,,,,,,. f"m'§,‘§f,,,§f§,f ,,,,,,§,’,,‘§“i.,,,, of i.. steer crm Irrrnnnsrs 'Ar srixn
°ni'ryins-iiitc  e`l1lii5i1ii>f \\°"°\. anne on nsvai defense requirements ‘win-ee the seeurizy or the empire- Under these grave conditions, eosT`
i had by Great Britain, and yet
mirslty authorities the consideration At th present time it is estimated "3" _i
of the whole liihihct, $ he promilud by tht; B,-.nigh ndmiralty that tho 32:1°x£t?%°m‘;f$h°n°':=lr° is ';:;§_`
parliament todo. The situation Bl minimum factor of safety would be, Y 1 Shu t _ai iw B DDB
defense for Gnu ll. “nil ¢°°°\“““!lY prepared by the sdmirsity for.-the whieifmeess the security of Canada- nitrous meeting me entire empire, is
i “ _ l
lil 1909; 611180511 r \‘°\lf¢l°i\*f°'-i'°°»` government of Canada, dated Dooom- 1, dependent upon the maintenance ofgoansdz to stand idly by as e specta-l
0 _
`fi¥iY-Y`to our internal development
BDJOYH On the ocean's highway is
equal to the security enjoyed by
Great Britain. In other words, the
security of life and prosperity within
Canada und the security of ner tr-nile
on every sea are as real, as perman-
ent. uiiii as abiding as if Canada
possessed the command of the sea in.
stead of Great Britain! No foreign
power would any more think ol in- t
RNS FWEEL HUMILIMED AND _ASHHMED AT SENBTES DECISION.
to repudiate those obligations which
will hold our self-respect, the Wm..
_drawai from the empire, to winei, I
believe it is her destiny to belong.
It may he iissunied with thc greatest
_confidence that thc determination of
|Canada is to rcxnnin within the em-
pire. It may be further assumed that
ithere is no public sentiment iii thc
community wurranting nn n1\,n,,¢,,.
ion that Cunudii is considriiiigg the
vadlng or attaching Canada, or evenifiU6Sti0ri of iniicpeiidencc. We may,
threatening or attacking her trade'therei'ore, further assume that the
upon the highways of the seas, tbanipremises so luiil down us to (‘niuii|n's
they would threaten or attack Grcatiintentiou to rcniuiu with the cmpiru
Britain. This sense of security we is so basic that we, tborciorc, have
have accepted and enjoyed cvcr since t
we have been part of e ciiiilre 'ii
thought of pa.rtfcipatiug in, or con-'e
tributing to its cause. Hence it is,
that we in (lanada within the lust n
0 build upon that foiimiiitimi the
uperstriicture of our imfluriiil destiny
vb i .
without seriously entcrtiriniiig tlie'uo part of the empire and nil that it
ntuils.
Having arriviui at that stage of
8.ti0l'\ii.l growth, iiiilmrtunco mill cmi-`
[ew years, have awakened from ourlfidence, :ind having iletsriiiiiied that
dreams of security without defense at o
our own cost, to the necessity of ip
we shall adopt for the protection und
t
l (‘ANAlJA’i~l lild-WPONSIBILITIES. n
t
flnnniia, tiiroiigli n process of,pnrticipu.te
growtlf, has rcaclied that stage of defense. lt is iilininit unnecessary tu
the opponents ei tins ein. 'rue amend-
not exceeded by ‘HW P90916 iii ‘the'sl1e is logililllly and nationally ex- mont moved Ii ‘il Wi
W0F1d. 'P110 Bcwrity which our trudelpected to assume, must menu if we to this bill miiy ire Misfit! g;am:|::
iibcrnl policy upon this ,question. 'rim
Uliilositiuii to the hill cannot be on
tilt Krouud of the expenrlignre whkh
the bill proposes to make, inaaniuch
as the amendment which calls for the
building of two fleet ,units, one to in
stationed on thc Atlantic, and one on
the Pacific, would mean an original
expenditure far exceeding that inv01v_
eu in the present niii. in uuuition to
this consideration there is the coat,
‘if iliwifiillg and maintenance, whlgh
in thc immediate future would fur.
ther involve a doubling of the ex.
peuditiirc. The carrying out of sueli
l*i`0Krnm must admittedly mean a
‘|*f|“.Y Ui years that would preclude
BU'~'il 1lCi€i`iui by (hiiiuda being of any
‘_""""i‘f“ fl’ iii” liiilllirc in theimuied-
inte future. -
i<'i.oirr~"riNu .i»iini.Io suN'ri1uEN'r.
ur destiny is to be within the cm-I
ire, the question of participiitiiii: in 'mill ‘i“0HUi"ri of “@1llf~‘¥`gL’iiCY" Under
dealing with the largest question imperial ilcfciisc iiccomcs piwaniouiit,
which we todiiy have to face; that uf and its solution as n problem is
the system of naval defense which imperative. ,
If the self-govcrriiiig parts of the
integrity of our interests. empire are satisfied that thcir iles-
iuy lies within the c|iipir'c, tlicii
otliing is more manifest than that
heir duty in this cincrgeiicy is to
iii ii syi-item of common
ill-if-iifillli l`05i>Ui\Hi\>iiitY iii Wiiifiii Bile fiirtlicr enlarge upon thc proposition
the cnipire. and with such growth t
.sponsibilities of ii national chnrncterin
as much a part of the empire asfd
ed in the development of the different a
parts of the empire. Their develop- n
our growth and prosperity. We are in
as much interested in the command- 1
affecting the empire tb felt in t
Canada. The loyalty and patriot-ism i,
nnd fenfty to the crown existing in p
the administration of imperial iii
suppress the self-governing dominions D
onial possessions which today ¢0f’9h‘
have developed into self-governing
dominions_ exercising within their
respective boundaries the some sover-
eign rights, powers and freedom of,
Britnin exercise within their owul
kingdom. At no time, within recent
years, has there been a general dc-
mand on the part of the self-govcru~,
ing possessions \iD_0il the D“f°“t`
state, to concede a right in lZ0"€"\'i
ment which has not been granted to,
them, and the assertion may be con-|
quest on the part of the neitiscveru-
ing possessions were made to the'
parliament of Great Britain to give
ns n voice in the councils of the em-I
pire, that request would be granted-
to the full extent of thc demand'
wiueu might be nisue. ‘
As Canada and the other sclf-gov-
erning dominions occupy the status!
in the empire which I have thus
briefly outlined, the further question)
spines ss to what our attitude must:
néneggai-ily be in thc growth of our
national affairs with respect to the
empire. With the rapidly growing
population of Canada, with its wealth
of natural resources, with the devel-‘
opment of its national wealth, and
with a consciousness that we stand
upon the threshold of having to de-
termine through the great develop-
ment of those factors which
I have pointed out, what
t
government that the Dwiile 0f Great t
o
. ' Y
fldently made that if today. H re’ least expensive upon the participants.
has become ii self-i.:ovei'niiig part uf that ii common and ci>i»|it-riitivc sys-
cni of naval llvfciisi- is not only ner-
liiis i'exiclicil that position when re- ossiiry, but irnpcmtivrx '|‘lwrc will
ot be luimd any uiitliority on niivul
must DP iiSHUmcll by ber- CB!!-will is tactics who will pronounce in fiivor of
istinctly separate national fleets,
Great Britain herself. We are interest The imveriai gnvnmmrrng, the ,,dm;r_
ity authorities, and all writers cn
aval tactics agree in common on
ment reflects correspondingly \ip0ii`that all important sub cct. This is
i
ecoming more apparent cvcry day in
uropcnn ivaters. We fiml today the
D
inf: importance and fate -of the em- British fleet and the German fleet
pirc ns Great Britain herself. There practically massed in the North Scsi.
l
ls no deeper interest fel in tho iirif.-.( |-r-ng llritniu has fuiiiill ii. iiurcsi-:iii-yi
ish Isle on any impii Mill lll1¢!Hi»l°" to witlidriiw irriirit of lici- flcvf. fro~_n
f
such ii policy would thus be denied
and ignored, und this is essentially
the feature of the present bill, and
PFC-elrninently the subject, which Can-
ada is cnllcd upon at the present m0_
ment to cuiiiiidcr. Assuming that
such a Dfilrifuni as that outlined by
the Luiiricr amciidmeiit is adopted
it at once means tliut Uaiiada sotl at:
“““ght» ""l- 011|? British sentiment
but the iii-liberate views of the gd:
uliralty L-xpmsseil tu the government,
of Ciuiiidii at the time of the gravegt
crisis which has arisen iii the naval
history of Great lirituiii for the last
one hundred years. It meant that we
fiiiliilt public sentiment in Great Brit-
ain, and the deliberate views of the
imperial government at B tlmg when
it W B'1l`Hi“ii1H every nerve financial
and moral to meet a condition in
E“\‘0Pe that she has never been onli.
eil upon heretofore to fnce, and vnhlghp,
if she sncceasfiiliy confronts, may
not arise ngulii for il generation.
ls Uiiiiiiiin |ii‘npiii~ed to assume this
respoiisifiiiity? is sho re nr
_ _ P, _P ed to set
ic Mciiitcirniienn iinil from thc nnviil\_iip her ollliiitin will Judgment upon a
asia in the outlying parts of the eni-
ire. It is recognized beyond nil cun-
Canadn are as great as Will be f0““d troversy that the next great nnvnl
in any part of the empire- _ ibattlc will bc one of concentrated sen
Truc. we have not thc Home VON” power between the natioiis eiiizageiln
nil will-rein will be iimssed practi-
in i ‘ n
fairs ns Great Britain, riotwit\\stnn<i~ cally the full strengtli of the rival
ing that our sentimental interests BFS fleets. In the face of the document,
equally great- Yet "0“'l-‘0ffiCiP{"|lnid upon the table to which I have
tion in the Cviirifriis Of the Ompife lslreferred, prcpnred by thc ndniiralty
not owing to any reluctance on the authorities, this point is made pcr-
Purt of Great Britain to <ifill'ilfe_ °r|fectly cleiir iiiul to iittcnipt to dc-
art from n system of common und
from thus having a voice in the em- eo-operative defense for thc entire cm-, _
plre’s councils, but rather as a loizi-ypire, would be nothing short of sac- reject ii modest contribution of ships
cal outcome of_ the cV0\l1U0“I “t'\"d,rificing the very cxistepcc of the em-such as that involved in the bill,
growth of British institutions. n c pi,e_ /and _ to enter upon n program of
first liiace the parent state had to ble ` 1 ` ` V ` ` ` ` ` ` iliiiiiilfill lip ii navy for ourselves.
sufficiently strong I0 80111-life U10 C0_' THE ONLY El<l<luL\'l‘I\l<. Dial* LN( lu. which nilmittcdly must take years to
his question of contribution is our
hat has ncvcr been urged by (vrciit
Britain upon the self-governing iioni
nnnns (heerfiilly have thc defenses of
he cmpirc been borne by Great Brit
aiu licrscll, und not until thc pnssugc,
ost important of all imperial sub-I
jects been thrust by its very necessity
upon the attention of the self-govern-
ing dominions. If ri common defense
is the only effective system of de-
fense so must it necessaril be thc
The maintenance of separate national
defenses by the self-governing domin-
ions, entirely apart from the weak-
ness and infirmity of such a system,
must necessarily involve the maxi-
mum of expense and the minimum of
security. If a scheme of co-operation
were promulgated throughout the
empire by which its different parts
should participate in n common sys-
tem of naval defense commensurate
with the ability of each part, or even
leaving it voluntary with each part,
the moral effect of such n response to
a common system of defense would
uiieutluu or imperial unvai defense,
at ii time when no other authorita-
tive voice should be heard than that
of the ndmiralty authority of the
British government? Is Canada pre-
pared to say that notwithstanding
the representations of the imperial
ndmiralty made to us, that notwith-
standing the serious menace which
threatens the supremacy of the Brit-
ish fleet, and thereby the existence of
the cmplrc, tha,t we in Canada, in ds-
finnce of this mass of evidence and of
imperial sentiment, are prepared to
do, niiil then when built would be
tutc the emPir€~ 'H1059 li055e“5i0“5 If, thcrcforc, in niiviil tactics thc futilc und hopeless against any or
naturally in tilpii' i“fH“°¥- WW" de'|dcfcnse of the empire should bc' u;e\'er_v naval power that would be
Dviliivnli “U0” the Parent *‘tf‘t’5_~ ‘md system common to thc entire cmpirc,,foiinil within reach of our coasts,
looked entirely £0 Gfeflii B\`1t“‘“ mrlthen the corollary of this is indisput-'either on the Atlantic or the pn,¢lf|¢',>
their admiuistraf-i0¥i Mid de[e“°e° able that such a system shoblil be Against what power could such a.
Through n series of SCHKSB 0"maintaineil at the cost of the em- navy prevail? To meet what power
growth, many of these posscssiohslml-e, and not alone of Great l3ritain.,do we dream of building such a navy?
T _ __ . _ A ,
_ ` c 0
f - ' _ _ ' - r *
m
Would such n. navy guard Cannqng
ousts against the fleets of any f
he lturopean powers, much less that
of Japan, or of the United States?
No navy which Canada can build for
a generation to come could serious-
f the Gcrmnn naval bill has this‘ly think of entering upon nn engage-
ment with any of the naval fleets of
today.
ANNOUNCING 'SE1l‘|ARATION. '
The consideration then presents lt-
sc-lf_ that if Canada refuses to ans-
wer the appeal of Great Britain, or
to show any sympathic sentiment to
meet the naval crisis now pending,
she no longer with any self-respect
can look to the empire for naval de-
fense. Having adopted this spirit and
policy of separate action and of de-
fiance to the representations and the
sentiment of Great Britain, Canada
thereafter must assume the entire re-
sponsibility of ber own navel defense.
She can no longer invoke the sea
powers of Grout in-itsin on the
hizli seas. She can no longer sunk
mon the stron nrm of the Bfitilil
` f K
not only be startling amongst thc'nnvy to protect her trade routes. She
the most effective blow that could bc
race in the ' building of armaments
are engaged. 1
powers of the world, but would bc can no longer have any claim whet-
soever upon that navy thilt i1B9b°°“
struck to bring to an end the mad supreme on the seas from the days of
Trafalgar down to the present tfmm
in which today all the great powers In other words, -Canada absolutely
se aretes herself from
i ' mom!" ind ir pwhich have protect
C da ld t k t r,th bieso omP 6 'T
0"' “"ti°“°1 “ti-“'“d° m““" ontgiirutloncgg imlp(;riarilacoens£:>liii:ic3ioen 'edebeiz Sho deliberately adopf-I A
be within this empire of which we th t had tn i l tin 1 oliey which cannot be otherwise con-
are an integral part. It is iinnscess- ia :Engng (nf fgewsnyairixtepifrnlghl 1;? it: :buried than ii separation from those
ary to elaborate upon the proposition
Milli! f-B6 _their ' \\i*f.°Y" °_l Yililitm lber. 1912. Mr.-v Loiighsed. read - fi t by Great Britain; and ‘tor w lie the fleet of Great Britain ~ .°°’““‘°“ ““‘"“ °°'°“°° °f the °m"h`°'
and tba' minister-2lif._msr~iue and. fish-. tial extractdvfrcm the \_;n_i_iinorsn,=um. ?;lr°1\1‘n; this, the security which ‘ we ‘ie thus being called upon to strain ell g:tpS:::f°|,fKn¢:;mé:gf°,;1at?§§‘i‘g 9"” B'“'“i“' fs,” sh; '°“;‘:: fzglzgtnrgztigzly inzite but practically nn-
Th* Fin* iii *U0 NU ‘b°f°" ‘i' 1’ itodsv enfoy in Canada. mlm* bf’ P"°` its “°‘“'°°9't0 m°l“¢°il1 i-U0 intel”-Y the empire that she his done in the m the papers W C av? ial ste fri nuance DGPHIFB'-i°“ "`°m 9"” mit'
fh°m|°l_ in \E°¢l°.'¥g ‘"5 mil *M09 an “emorg_"\ii'ey" grant. This questi0n~`p,,;~eionetely lessened. of the empire? These are eonuitions`pa'st. She has arrived at the cross :;:m'§' gen “kg e ;§;:e|em gills
them r vropolitionfll -to *het Cen- of ,emcréenev is one with widen it il, we seve before us. pieced cn the sneezing censor so seriously ,,,,,,,,, when ,M mm ,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Q, ,_` e ire# on, an . dommoh to
erica. attended, to..-_thc sdsnirhlty su-
sda proposédfto db. The principal mwhat ,nmvmlt to dual. °"`U\l‘£° tabl f arlisment s memorandum ” the, ,nm gmt Britain 0,. _ Y W upon the self-governing
I ‘ge opponents to such agrsnbprspti- on Segal pdefense rehuirements pi'°',jany other part of the empire, and ;'g` minnzg, \,::::1‘:|';“,»\:g“;,tg,i:B :Es Ei" recnnmou *O this
iilllfliif-i°‘1¢  ».W.I°".'m5/P§\'0l¢. _U tshngithe position thet_-,this pm-ed by the admiraitv for the 80" our material interests demand that mm m. *_ re nu.” -thou om, 91° Whml I h‘“'°
t° W R"`b°h"»'°‘ 5”  'WU' `- 5h°“1‘l' \’° 5°" ind ernment of Canada- 'Phil i! In 0U‘|“ws shall at once take an attitude. tion; M59 P muhunp” hi h \ KT *mi “° put °' tm
in they piss. It ecniui not be said with  eseemeda L ` ' eisi aeeuneee eeeune :ei-ei. :sets uses this quest 1 i,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,"'§,°m ,,,,m,,';,°, °“,` “rd '° bi' ‘°“"°"°;“ es
assure- ei um 'senate vu-tim its
wine-,
quail- i
for- ,
to iid  Qi ' . fiiili’-ill! PW" genus) f /ll which it is bslid which cannot be zsinsaid. as to the! 'rife fundamental cause of 0snada's c d h mn" W“"d m°V°'”°“" It’
_ _ y V -, _ _ Mfon. V _
°f- _*nil if I-not  to mai imo 'a.3§»*t§ ` ie. "ii ir f the German filet ‘erm develoe est 1, i e “" ° “° "°"°" " ‘°" "‘° “°" °’“"` we D°mii=*°" *°
“V  *’l*.\°°*V`°°°“|f*‘°'*'-  ‘*'*{‘aalll\iil'=` _'ig Gv"fi:ln;:P¢\i:l;;l§t:;2ts2i°:iff.er§oir»§ Tis 'ailpmiou rfeistéen  th? °1,i\pi=‘e :ng tviflrobntig 'eii=i::n':iA`;:ni:i‘i°e Wm M in ivhi-2120;" shuts;
~  . ~. r ' ._ ___>gres.tcnt\`-.fi at-lisl sv hoeu'~.=.,'b\\lit Q fin y of the av _ fi _queu van ages that w o ' ` ' `
fu the protlcfd oui‘i'i`indc¢` one 0 T50 JN* 398 eandmtiie uve ennctmeuts which +i,¢|~en-nm The "surrey wines as-znfmi 1 mm DESTINYI
of _L politics  own cout!-
f _ _-J' r  " 3.- - ».- W ~- _  . . ` ‘ ' _
"liilfiill: _ slid.  interests; cinblisrot-the  sm Bill. as have since been passed. both expend- joy-gym the interference of outside
 lift' ellrisflioat, iiislresl.iic~cc_»-ring use eeeeiersung the original l>§\‘°f pow _ _kivcf a nermiineney _and e fr, 34,, '
H.,
Pt this latter position, vis.,
pi-opoiindsd by
51 l te eats which should be her
imperl I? hu reject this bill you
pin. Canada to maintain her ¢elf-re-
spwt, ‘ her dignity and her pride.
mm say in expressed terms to Great
oiit,iiBri`tein hereafter, that having in the
time of necessity refused to answer
your cali, we propose to defend our-
selves, and our pride compels us to
ebsolve you from any lense of duty
em-ion your part, or expectation on ours
its to extend to Canada hereafter the
help and prestige of protection and
defense by the empire. It Canada
Bif0pts such s policy as that now,
(Continued 'g,n_ps¢_¢ egg ) ~ _ _