erlln 1* "n1 1' F03 FARMERS: STOC __i_lI_€ _ CIIARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN K BREEDERS A ND PAGE Tllnlpm /Pr0per Feeding For Rabbit Farm Primer feeding is essential to gucczss with every kind of live stock and rabbits are no excep- tion to this rule. The inexper- ienced keeper of rabbits is indiu- ed to overfeed them. so that care should be taken to feed only what will be eaten at one meal. Gener- ally speaking two feeds a day, morning and evening. are all that are requlred.but for nursing moth- grs or during moulting or when a rabbit becomes in down it is ad- visable to feed oftener. A noon {and in addition is usually suffic- ien . The time of giving the different reeds is optional. one breeder pre- ferring to give the feed of all- grain and roots in the morning and the all-hay at night. Other breeders prefer the reverse course, while still others prefer to divide the feeds, giving part of the hay and grain in the morning and part at night. It is really immg. terial and may be arranged to the best convenience of the breeder. Only sound clean feed should be used. It is imperative that the hey or grain should be free from musiilness. the green feed fresh and never heated, and the roots clean. . ' Feed should never be allowed to remain lying on the floor of the hutch to become soiled. All left- over feed. except hey which should be kept in racks or the dry grain in troughs, should be removed be- fore the next feeding. Water and feed dishes should be kept scrup- ulously clean, and should be inths form of heavy crocks or attached troughs which the rabbits cannot move about. There is still a pop- ular belief in some quarters that rabbits do not require water. Ani- mals fed on succulent green feed d0 not. P97115415. need water to the same extent as those fed mainly on hay and grain, never- theless all rabbits should have clean water available at all times so that they may drink when de- sired. The necessity of having the does liberally supplied with water at kindling time cannot be too lily fimphssized. as neglect of t is precaution has caused theloss o! many a good litter. Full information on the feeding of rabbits. together with tables mowing the composition and dig- estible nutrients of feeds. is eon- tolned in the bulletin "The Feed- ing of Rabbits,” issued by the Do- minion Department of Agriculture and obtainable free on request from the Publicity and Extension Branch tawa. Seed Treatment Reduces iloavy LOSS Farmers are now busy making preparations for spring seeding. G°°d "OPS and heavy ye.ds are directly associated with the we 0d clean healthy seed of the best quality. ‘The annual losses, due to the ravases of seedborne bacterial and fungou; parasites. are much greater than the average farmer realizes. I'm this reason, all seed should be treated before it is sown, "Sardless 0. its quality. Seed treatment of wheat, oats and barley has been greatly simp- lifled in recent years w-th the appearance on the market of organic mercury dusts. These dusts, when pmnerly applied. effectively control the amuts of oats, covered smut 0d barley, bunt or stnklng smut of wheat and the other seed borne fungi and bacteria that are roillflnslble for the blight and root rots commonl found in our cereal crops. Dus their application, eiffectivenem. land stimulation to germination. they are rapidly re- placing formalin and copper car- bonate. They are not, however, recommended as a control for the loose srnuts o.‘ wheat and barley. These smuts are not affected by the use of the ordinary seed treat- ments, but can be controlled by the hot water treatment. In applying organic mercury dusts to the seed, care should be exercised to follow instructions as outlined on the container. The amount oi dust recommended should be evenly distributed over the seed coat. Insufficient dust will be ineffective in control, and an excess will injure germination. Grain. lifter being treated with mercury dust. should not be fed to livestock or poultry, or used for human consumption. It can, how- ever, be kept over, under suitable storage conditions, and used as seed the following year. Further information conoemlng seed treahnents may be obtained ‘by writing the Dominion Botanist Division of Botany, Central Ex- perimental Farm, Ottawa, Can- ada. Look over tubers in the basement for mold and excessive dryness. Seed is one of the cheapest gar- den materials; ordgr enough. Let magazines. catalogs and books play an ‘mportant par‘. in your fire- side gardening; then, let the in- ANI Mill HIISBANIJRY INJURIOUS INSECT! In a series of articles an st- tempt will be made to throw some light on questions regarding in.- sect pests, their habits, life mg- tories and control, without the use of unnecessary details or un- familiar words. The need for more accurate and complete information regarding our common farm pests is sufficiently well emphasized on the mere con- sideration of the damage result- ing from the army worm, zebra, caterpillar. turnip aphis. canker worm, the forest tent caterpillar, etc. In addition such ‘ asi out worms, cabbage worms, cab- bage maggots. potato beetles, etc. take a heavy annual toll from farm and garden crops. Alltheselnsects can be readily and in many cases, cheaply controlled if the outbreak is taken in time and the right remedies applied. While much information is bo- ing continually offered the farmer relative to better methods of pro- duction, comparatively little is written with respect to the protec- tion of crops during the growing season. For the student there are numerous and excellent tests, but most oi’ these are too long. too expensive, and too technical for the general farmer. It might be wcll to state 1n the beginning that any worthwhile views accuring from time to time are not merely those of the writer but have been set forth by a suf- ficiently authoratlve entomologist as to be of worthy note. Insects are usually known as bugs though a bug is a name which should be confined to one special groups of insects. The term bug is often applied to many small forms of animal life which are not insects at ‘all. If we take an‘ earth worm. s. spider, a. centipede, a millipede. and a grasshopper, we will see that they have one important re- semblance in that in all of them the body seems to be made up of joints or rings. Upon examination it will be seen that the grass- hopper differs from the others in having wings-two pairs of them. it has only three pairs of legs and its body appears to be divided into formation you gather form itself into a plan on paper. I100 lflnnrd’: for colds. 00m) mama 1s AMATEUR/S aasr mrsun m those tantalizing weeks of ‘any spflng, when a warm sun all“! day sets the garden fever burn B and freezing Well-m" m” night chills the courase. a wld "9"" l‘ i less. prggrybody needs one, irhouGh 5° may have ayhOb-beli‘. P? “m” green-house in addition. g0 u"? great majority °f 11mm 3"’ anerii the cold frame will suflice for a ma! needs in early 59191118- - Easy to build. and simple to OP- to go ahead w‘th anything. To make a cold frame. the ac- companying illustrations give full and detailed instructions. The soil which is used in it should be fine, friable top soil. we"! pulverized. Sow the seed as you would in a flat, or hotbed, water thoroughly and firm the soil over the seed, pressing smooth with a brick, or p'ece of board Watering now becomes of great importance. At no time should the soil be allowed to become hard and dry. Yet excessive watering may cause the seeds to rot, sour the sou, Is‘): s’ IS srauoaao SASH 512E HINGE SASH TO FRAME FOR EASY HAN LING. . GROU ND LEVEL %l5'-"a. l sat rams on aalcks 1:29 L K TO PREVENT savruno BRICK i5 couvnumr roe ._ asisiuc. sisu 1o .., ANY uncut ,;~.-.._( _ LNECESSARV. 11/» . The Cold Frame Story- Row to Build and Use It crate, it enables seeds to be sown several weeks before it would be safe to sow them in the 0pm- Wm‘ the protection of the glass sash 0n frosty nights the seeds will 881'- rrdnato, and the seedlinils 8m" sturdiy, until they are lame 811011811 h transplant into the 0P6" Emwd- Success in cold frame practice de- pends upon the ludillllellt "5"! l“ timing the sowing. so that when transplanting date arrives the dan- ges- of frost injury is past- Bowlns dates may vary with different crow; depending on the length of semin- ating periods, which vary Greatly l" flower seeds, and on the tendsrufltl! of the seedling plants. Wh l0 Ill baby plants. like baby annuals. m less hardy and resistant than adults. some wil stand light. frosts Wllllt others will dl: at a touch of frost. The earlier you wish to sow seeds. the more imnoriant these consider- ations of driall become. If Y0" l" content i0 wai: with sovsinn untl tou- weeks before it would rt- w» b plant outdoors, a nbo uldbesefo essoouelyouoen- use LuMauz 'Z"TH\CK.5"NAlLS AND Abe emanate moms As snowu m saercu 6 FTL l we com‘. uv THE xiii“ PISUESEPLBIEGISZAILED FOR VENTILATION. HOW SEEDS IF (‘DVJS THE NADLQW WAY OF FP\ME 9 make out with the naked eye. There are also a pair of "feelers" attached to the head. About the mouth are certain jaws, liptlnetoo called thorax are attached the three distanct parts or regions. All but the earth worm also have paired, jointed legs and other ap- pendages. In the case of the centipede and millipede, the sig- ments behind the head are almost exactly alike. In the centipedc there are many legs, one pair to each sigment, which in the milli- pede there is a still large number of legs, two pairs for most of the body sigments. 1n the spider the body is divided into two distinct parts and there are only four pairs of legs. In the grasshoilllel‘ the body is divided into three dis- tinct parts or regions and there are only three pairs of 108$. "W" are also two pairs of wings. In reality, the grasshopper is the only one oi! the five that should properly be called an in- sect and what is noted regarding it applies, in general, to all We thus see that insects can be distinguished from all other ani- mals by having Jointed bodies divided into three regions known as head, thorax and abdomen. with three pairs of legs and usual- ly two pairs of wings. This ap- plies, of-couise, to adult insect-B only. Inmature insects have’ no wings and differ in other import- ant respects, which we will study later. insects. Studying the insects more care- fully we see that the head bears a. large pair of eyes called corn- pound eyes. seen under a microscope. each of these eyes is made up of a large number of six-sided divisions each of which represents a distlnt eye. 'I‘he animal has also three simple because as can be' yes but these are dlfflfllllii I0 To the parts”. wings "mouth i-d ping ofl." When the (plartitsuszppeg: thin them out, n1- mwmg egich m grow singly wit-b- out crow n8- After the seedlin88 appear. Wei"- ihg is still important. Good drin between whch the sol! dries some- what without becoming crusty and hard, should be the rule. And fresh air is the next sleet nwd- Wulila‘; ny dgyg, the sash should be early in the morning. Olllilwl" u" tgmperaillto may quickly "l" ml?‘ dangerous height. Inspect the 00 frame at least svofy 100mm! 5nd arsemoon, and remember it when- ever the weather changes abruptly- You will soon learn the p108!!!" needed to keep the younl P1811" growing vigorously. which means with good heavy roots and =90"! mm, stocky rather than tall and spindlinl. When transplanting time comes. take up the seed] rigs with as little disturbance of the roots as P05511315- and get them back into the ground ' feeds on the juices of plants, and and legs. It will be seen that the part forming the foot of the grass- hopper is composed of a number of seg-mints and bears a pair of claws The abdomen bears neither legs nor wings. Small openings celled breathing pores are found on each side of the body. These connect with air tubes which conduct air to all parts of the body. As has already been pointed out there is situated around the in- sects mouth a number of sp- pendages called “mouth parts" and these may be fitted for either bit- ing or sucking. where the mouth parts are fomied for biting, the insects feed upon solid food. bll" ing off pieces 'of the food plant with a pair of head jaws which work sideways instead of and down. Where the mouth parts are constructed for sucking the insect such insects possess a beak. which contains certain structures by means oi which they pierce the plant and then suck up the juice We must first learn to r ‘ these two groups. 50681188 they i" "killed in different ways. Those that eat solid food can be killed by food poisons such as arsenical compounds. examples of which are Paris Green and arsenaic of lead. which may be sprayed or dusted on the plant. Those that suck the juice of plants are not affected by such poisons. and we must there- fore use materials that kill by con- tact, that is. a suffocating or corroding substance is required. or one that enters the breathing nores of the insects. or passess NE WSY NOTES a A NATUBALISTB In “ te ' . ‘then comes the dlwlnthe change, the fall‘, as Tennyson says of another occasion. The night closes in earlier. and with the adiveut od’ cooler weather our tourist visitors from other lands “Dart. So do our summer-resi- dent birds. The grain harvests are CALENDAR gathered_ in; the pastures look brown and bare. Popular belief credits the “‘ ulncctial period (Sept. 30-29) with gales, but a ro- eearch conducted by the writer some years ago. brought out the‘ fact that half of the years under observation had gales around that period. and the other half hadn't! This will not, of course. stop folk from of "Equinocual Gales!" Often s. sharp "killing frost" occurs in September with disastrous results to tomatoes. pota- toes, cucumbers, pumpkins and Dahlias. Out wheat, Sept. l, 1916; this was hauled in Sept. 10th. Slight frost, night of Sept. 1, 1923. Pota- toes killed by blight Sept. 1, 1927- blights and rusts very prevalent this year. but very few potato “bugs" (really beetles). Tomatoes ripe, Sept. 2, 1931. Maximum of 79 deg. recorded Charlottetown, Sept. 2, 1930. Bad N. E. rainstorm, Sept. 4, 1924. Wind N. E. Sept. 5, 1913: getting into a bad art again! Cucumbers, etc, frozen night of 4-5 Sept.. 1918. Nuptial flight of ants, Sept. 6, i926, followed by rain on 7th. Note on Sept. 7, 1923; "Insects scarce this year; very cool summer." N. W. wind, cool, 52 deg. in house, Sept. 7, 1917. Wonderful display of aurora at 9 p.m., on Sept. 7. 1928: again on Sept. 8, right up to zenith; followed by great storm, wind and rain, on the 9th. Tiger-lilies in bloom Sept. B, i929. Heavy gale and rain from N.E., Sept 9, 1913. Woods full 0d fungi, toadstools, etc, Sept. l0, 193i. This was a bad year for harvesting grain: wet weather. Humid; water-pipes in cellar dripping, Sept. ll, 1924. ished cutting oats Sept. 13th. 1915; 14th, 1918; 15‘.E1. 1921. Flights of swal- lows passed over Sept. l3, 1920. migrants from more northerlyre- glons. Birch leaves falling, Sept. l8, I931. Cedar Waxwings plunder rowans in the lane, Sept. l3, 1934. Observed several hundred grack- les flying S.W., Sept. 14, 192.9. Guardian reports maximum 58 deg. in the City, Sept. 14. 1933. Severe frost kills tender garden stuff, Sept. 16. 1919. Lovely weather, 68 deg. in the house, at 2.15 on Sept. 17. 1917. City reports 74 deg. Sept. 1B, 1930. Leaves begin to fall, Sept. I8. 1932. Aurora "dancing" to zenith, Sept. 19, 1919; many displays this month. Harvested garden beans, Sept. 20, 1926. luxtraordinarliy wet summer in Northern Hemisphere, while a drought in South Africa. destroys three million sheep and nearly eight milian perish in Australia - note on Sept. 21, 1937. Flight of thousands cf small Aphodius beet- les, Sept. 21, 1930. THE GOOD OLD TIMES Let us go back rather better than a century, and see how matters stood on this continent. In March 1842 Henry Clay uttered these words in the American House of Representatives.- "In casting our eyes around us the most promin- ent circumstance which fixes our attention and challenges our deep- est regret is the general distress which pervades the whole country. It is forced upon us by numerous facts of the most incontestahle character. It is indicated by the diminished- exports of native pro- duce by the repressed and reduced state of our foreign navigation, by our diminished commerce by .. crops of grain perishlng in our barns and barnyards for want of a market; by the alarming diminu- tion of the circulation medium; by the numerous bankruptcies; by a universal complaint of the want of employment and by a u nsequent reduction of the wages of labor; by the reluctant resort to the peril- ous use of paper money; by the. intervention of legislation._in the delicate relations of deemi- and creditor, every description of the whole mass of the property of the nation, which has. on the average, sunk not less than fifty per cent. within a few years. This distress pervades every part of the Union, every class of society, all feel it. It is like the atmosphere which surrounds us—all must inhale it. and none can escape it." With a few unimportant altera- tions, thls might well serve for a description of our own times. Have we gleaned any experience, either at first hand or from history, that will help us to mitigate the next slump? A former vice-president of the United States, Charles Gates Dawes, the well-known banker, told a gathering of financiers that “i931 and 1938 will probably cover the peak years in this present per- iod of prosperity." While wam- ing capitalists to play safe with their money. Mr. Dawes made no on the living mailer. Nicotine and soap sprays are examples of this class of compouud. It is there- fore necessary to know how an in- secils mouth parts are constructed before we can tell what poison to use. In addition to this. the struc- ture of the mouth parts. together with that of the wings. helps us to recognise the different mah: groups of insects such as beetles bugs. flies, moths. etc. This know» ledge therefore serves s double pur- P059. AGRICULTURE!‘ througbtheskinandactsdirectly suggestions for helping the unem- ployed and other sufferers in the dgilrression he regards as inevit- e. some Asraonosnosr. rmAsvamralv-rjs WhenIfirstbegauiotaksno- tics of the stellar universe. it was the custom to grade the visible stars into six classes. This con- venient system originated with Hip- parchus, of Nicsea, an astronomer who lived in the second century 3.0. The brightest stars visible to the naked eye, he said, were in class one, or, as we afterwards made it, were "of the first magni- tude." Those stars at the extreme limit of human vision were of the sixth magnitude. When astron- omer! invented exact photometric apparatus they abolished the old classes and set up a new scale. Taking Alpha Centaurl as magni- tude 0 (zero) they graded upward by means of—-(mlnus) figures; and downward by unmarked or plus figures. The series ran:-4;-3;-- I; 0; l; 3; 3; 4; etc. Each magni- tude is 2 l-2 times the one below it: a star of magnitude 0 is z l-2 times as bright as a star of magni- tude 1. On the 12th of February. 1937. the planet Venus was-AB magni- tude and therefore 100 times brigh- ter than Regulus, a star of magni- tude 1. Readers may figure this out for themselves. Sirius, the brightest star in the sky has, in the new notation, a magnitude of-1.6; Alpha Centauri (long thought to be the nearest of the fixed stars) has a. magni- tude of 0.0 (some say 03); and Aldebaran a magnitude of 1.0. ‘Pherefore A. Centauri is 3 l-2 times, and Sirius ll times, as bright as Aldebaran. I cannot say that I regard this scale with a favorable eye; the zero in the middle and the use of the minus sign seem rather clumsy expedients: but there they are! In some special cases the dis- tance between the earth and the sun is used as an astronomical unit of measurement, just as we use the mile in terrestrial dis- tances. This is equal to about 93.- 900000 miles, but large as it ls, it is too small for the measurement of stellar distances. It was neces- sary to seek a longer “yardstlck" and it was here that the light-year came in. Light travels 186,000 miles in a second, which figures out to 5880 billion miles (or 63,310 astronomical units) in the year. This distance —- nearly six trillion HURSE MEMIJIRS EVOLUTION 0F THE TRUITING HORSE U. B. MACKENZIE While pursuing the pages of "The Horscmarflof December 17th, 1991, the writer noticed an article on the evolution of the trotting horse and I feel that it would be of lnlbmsl to the horse fraternity of this Province to reproduce .at least parts of this article. In the present century nothing has been more rapid in its incep- i-lfln- 810mb. development and pre- sent fonn of advancement than, that. of the trotting horse. He cams from original elements that had little trotting inheritance or development. Neither Imported Messenger ca- Grand Balhaw werc lwousht to America because of any Mtllns instinct. The former was e. retired running horse from Eng- land of indifferent turf success The latter was a little black pony 1mm Barbary. - beautiful w the eye, but only useful as an ornamental saddle horse. Justin Morgan was not bred for trolling purposes and he was noted more for his pulling matches and his quarter-mile dashes, than for his trotting capabilities. Neither one of them could trot a. mile to saddle in four minutes. from these unpromising begin- nings and within g, short space of less than a. century, have evolved the swiftest harness horses in the history of equine race, until at the then time 1891, a horse would not be recognized for his speed qualities unless he could trot bet- ter than 2.30. Philadelphia may justly be termed the cradle of the trotting horse, was formed in that city in and the first recorded race in America took place within the limits of the City of Brotherly Love in i810. The record is worthy of reproduction in this connection. The Sporting Magazine of London Fhigland published a. letter from a. “Constant Reader," dated Phila- delphia Sept. 3rd, i810. in which he reported "On Saturday, Aug- ust 25th. a chestnut horse called The Boston Horse" trotted in a. sulky one mile in two minutes and forty eight and one-half seconds for a purse of six hundred dollars. to the astonishment of all present. The horse was fourteen years old and barely fifteen hands high." The Year Book records the raice of Yankee in 2 59 at Harlem, N. Y. in June 1806 but vitlate the performance by adding the note that ‘the track was short. Then miles-was adopted as the unit of measurement of stellar distances, and named the ‘light-year". The star nearest to the earth is Proxima Centaurl, a faint tele- scopic star of 11th magnitude, about two degrees from the Alpha Centaurl mentioned above, and about 4 and l-5 light-years away. Other stars. lying far out. in the universe, are said to be distant hundreds of millions of light- years. The "par-sec" is another astron- omical measure. equal to 3-26 light- years. It has to do with angular measurements and is composed of the first three letters of the word “parallax" and of the word “sec- ond”. A Kilopnrsec is one thous- and, and a megaparseo is one mil- lion psrsecs. A NEW DISH I fancied I knew most things about my native county, but here is something new—from an Am- erican magazine! Truly one lives and learns. - "In the bleak English County of Northumberland a. favorite dish at this time of year is pork-and-ap- ple pie. Hearty and tasty, it's jus as suitable here as there. ‘ "Thinly slice 3 pounds lean fresh pork and cut in strips. Line a glass baking-dish with piecrust. put in a. layer of pork, dust with salt, pepper. and s. little powder- ed sage, then put in a layer of tart apples sliced and sprinkled lightly with brown sugar. Repeat layers until dish is full. Top layer must be apples. Dot with half-inch cubes of bacon fat. Piaur on one cup cider, cover with thick piecrust. Out two good-sized vents in the crust, brush over with milk, bake one and one-half hours in moder- ate oven. “Serve it hot with boiled cab- Looks good all right, but quite new to me. The people over there. who are fond of viands of a solid character. made a pie similar to the above with layers of sliced bacon alternated with layers of egg, and furnished above and below with l crust. 'I‘hls was baked in a deep T- saucer. and was used on occasions like picnics or hikes. We nick- named this "geological pie." from its strata when cut into. On Sundays or festive occasions the miners‘ wives made a rich cake called a "singln'-hinny", a hot cake made with flour, currents and butter, and baked on a "girdle"-—a round disc of iron with a bail handle-over the open fire. As it baked it hissed. which was the “singln‘." The Northulnbrians had a great fancy for "black-puddings." These resembled sausages but the filling was composed of bug's blood. thick- ened with oatmeal, and liberally mixed with cubes of fat pork. Salt, pepper. and sees. were used as seasoning. The "lack-puddings were fried. as we fry sausages. This comestlble was known in very early times and is mentioned in the humorous old ballad of "King l-fenry II, and the Miller of Mans- field." ‘Ihere is a kind of historical cookery-book, telling of many the records came in slowly in point of time. The trotter had not yet been thoroughly divorced from the saddle, which equipment he derived from the running horse. Hiram Woodruff, William Whalers and James M. Hammlll, and all All earlier records therefore were made by the later dispensatlons requiring sulky and driver. instead the older trotting trainers, pre- L ferred the saddle to the heavy, rlmons Wllom I Xlllglll 11190101} cumbersome sulky then in use. Rev- Wll-lom H» H- Mulmlg FARMERS delivered cash price basis. fit for haulins. and Wani- Y0" ATTENTION Wt have made arrangements to deliver Fertilizer (2 ions or over) to our customers at their barn, who live within a radius of i2 miles of cuARmTTaTowN. at the advertised We will start making deliveries as soon as the food-s l" to BOOK YOUR. ORDER EARLY so you will have it. on hand whenever Y0! "B"! W use it, and not be disappointed. Another reason for wanting you to book your order early is because there is always a. shortage later in the season, with an ADVANCE IN PRICE OF ABOUT $2.00 per toll- DON"! FAIL T0 CALL or mall us your order as won ll possible, so we can book our full order with the lfiflllllfil" Plant and guarantee early deny"! l‘ W" 1mm‘- We mrdlslly solicit the Fertilizer business from new cus- tomers as well as our old ones. A. HORNE S? CO. CIIARLOTTETOWN bWant A Good l Lawn Here’s How T0 Get It. ‘.@assoonasthesoilisdl’ylmd firm enough W Walk um“, ajttfg the snow has disappeared .s l time to commence operations 1°‘ rnsuring a good lavrn. The first. ithlng to do is to remove a.l tilt Idead grass by‘ glVlIlg the lawn a thorough raking “Mun”: should be directed fixing up lllt 1mm p3fghe5 by sowing fresh seed. fiThe seed should be broadcast 1 levcnly on u“; bare patches aster , The Hunting Park Association the, have been raked to the depth 3 . of two inches. The seed shouid U13“ lbe covered lightly Wm a tiff-mp? inf sfied soil and necked <l°""- l firmly. The patches should be krill uicut. but not flooded. mat leg-ill l ,' two weeks through tho Mill‘ Plum spmv. i of; fine ‘for Amp i DEVI‘ 5S3 I'- i i when the record has fallen below] the two minute mark and where‘! the king's sport is ll“? 14mg “l sport games not only lll NW“! America where it is practiced, n0t~ only in every state of the Allleflfifl" l Union and every provlllw ln Cw" | ado. but has spread to almost ilie utter-most parts of the world. _ But let us turn from statistics to the more consequential phases oi this evolution. We find that Sllfill m“ as staid professors of some of oul‘ leading colleges have made the‘ trotting horse the theme of lec- tures, without apology Ol‘ Shame“ and whereas in the earlier years‘ of trotting evolution leaders frown-y ed on this sport as a gamble. WE, we even find ministers of the gospel have been successful breed- ers of the trotting horse, notable who was not only a breeder was also the author of "The Per- fect Horse" a valuable book on instruction to breeders. of rider. weighting one hundred and fifty pounds were ruled out as not according to regulations then put in. force. Hence the splendid performance of Topgallant 2.43- 2-313 September 1821, and of Screw driver 2.40 2-3 on May 10th. 132s, and of Rattler 2.38 3-4 at Philadelphia, on May 11th, 1837, are not regulation records, because they were all made under saddle and therefore deprived these noble horses of championships whichlthey were in succession able to win. In 1837 is the first recorded evidence that the 01d 185N011 thnlng watch, which marked the one third fractions on the dial. was displaced for the quarter second chronometer, and the fly- back and split were not known yo; many years afterward. Watches. like harness sulkies and boot-s marked by theirsfadualirl- troduction of improvement the silent history of the evo.ution of the trotting horse- Mr, Wallace gives the record of Sally Miller, in 1aa4 of 2.37. to harness. but other authorities give the same record to saddle. In i844 Lady Suffolk was acknowledBed the queen of the turf not only be- gauge o: her saddie record of 2 26- 1-2 but also of her harness per- for-mange 0i’ 2.28. Prom this time forward the saddle performances disappeared. although the practice continued for s long time as the old time trainers still held sway and even when Hiram Woodrufi, foo old to rdc lfinmelf. put the famed Budd Done up on the noted Dexter. he made a worlds record to saddle. 'I'lie mare Lady Suffolk continu- ed her reign as given for a. period of fifteen years, if I mistake not longer than that of any other horse in the trotting Lady Suffolk lost the crow-n to that wonderful little bob-tailed pony mare Flora Temple when she made the mi‘e in 2.19 3-4 to harness in 1959. This record held ior eight years when the then noted Dexter made the mile in 2.17 l-4. Dexter also held the world's record for eight years when in 1874. Goldsmiths Maid trotted a mile in 2.14 From that day on. down through the splendidlcareers of such note/i horses as Smulzgler. Lulu. Hopeful. Maxey Cobb. Phallus. St. Jillian Jay-Eye-Sec. and Stramboui. still dvwu into the mare dazzling bril- liancy of Arion. Nelson. Alleston Polo Alto. and Maud s. and so 0n l-‘Ung the line to the present. in the Old Country. and we]; worth the attention even of m. masculine readers. 1t is calico "Good Things in England". and may be consulted at the Public dishes peculiar to various localities I have so gone back ages and recounted how, in the misty ages of the past we read of the the Oriental horse of Mohammedism. the Chariot horses of the; Bpman Emperors.’ the Basb h0r$es"0f the Moors; Tuskish steeds for saddle purposes. as well as the heavy draft ‘horses of the earlier Czars of Russia, on down through years of ment and selective breeding until We have trotter and the aimost perfect type horses. suited man. I might also mention that Rev William. I-I. H. Murray was the bNedef 0f "All Right," so well lqiovm in this Province. In this story of evdutlon. which imperfectly sketched from the beginning of the eigh- teenth century, I might have still‘ ular horse of Job, the Persian, Arabian and develop- now the two minute draft and general purpose to every use of; Should this brief sketch of thc_ evolution of our present- day trot- ‘. We and pacers. be interesting m‘ the readers of Memoirs, I will con. ‘IIIIUB IVIIII IhC story 0f the (~01; trotters not Only c1" our own. pm- vince but of the whole equine race. IM .. . take to allow the grass uooeeooeeoooecoooocc” ‘GOOOGOOOO0OOOQQO§OO-OOOOOO-V&O$O&OOO lawn and should be applied just as soon as the raking and see-din! have been done; and as soon as the fertilizer has lx-cn Il-Pil-lfid ll should be well watered m. cum being taken to use a line lllrfly. so that the sand ‘.5 nm. disturbed ill the newly; seeded areas. When the Lme for culling arrives, which 1.1 us sOOIl as the grass is. long enough i0 allow the mower to filncncu properly, regularity in the procc... Should b1.‘ observed. 811d li- 15 3 mm‘ to grim over two inches at any time. Reliable grass mlxlllms frilly be , obtaied from secdsmrn but for those people who wish to mzx their own. l... C. Young 01' the DOfllllllOll Experimental Farm at Fmderlctvnl “"110. as a CGIIBCLEIII autllorlqv on _rasscs, has lectured on honli’ Lawns in the United Stairs, re:- clnmends ior the average lawn a- mzxture of four parts Kentucky 3111c grass and one part Red Top at. 1?..- raic of three to four pound! _l per 1000 aquatic feet of lalvn. If if l5 desired to include Whale Clover one-elghth part should be added to the mixture. Vvhere the above illlX- ture docs not give satisfactory rc» suits owing to local condltlnlzr. Rliode Island Bent grass should bi. used at the rate of two to three pounds per 1.000 square feet. Fol shady areas, one-third the qunnilifi of Rough-stalked hfeadon" grass should be added. 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