_ se! L . - '  ' ” me oruutnomwmwnlousltnlsu  l 
s
»‘.¢
M _.r-er-nn-vs iqppsut _ r-*i .i-1*' r' '  ' M
  MAGAZiNE GUAkDi   F”i"..l‘}.Zi-';Li;';’f.1 '°’.$i.‘:°"““°
,'=.;_,¢_»,‘
mers. 
'ro 'rm-: FARMER
Farmer!-and others interested are
`- invited to contribute to The Farm,
The Dairy, The Turf, and Good
roads departments of the Guardian
either by question, correspondence or There is no grief without soniel
otherwise. Answers will he given by
sgpertstonll questions of gene,-M
interest and space will be given to
any articles that will lil ally way
help to advance Princ-e_E<lwerd is-
land interests.
Contributors are asked to have
their articles at this oflice early eacn
week. ll °l11y.a short emergency
item can be handled as late as one
p. ill. Wednesday. _All received after
till! l1°\ll' °5ll¥\°l Bllllear until the
following week.
_;__l_i___.
.1 i \ ,, _l
1 .
 nie scilooi.
g _ iso j<
 THE HOME I
-/,. ./W t.
~.» »
Contributions for this department
should be addressed to
~
President Teacher’s Association,
Guardlau‘e School and Homo,
P. 0. Box 188 Charlottetown.
if you want to keep the children on
the farm, then begin this year to
make farming and the farm home
more attractive for the boys and
girls. So much is left undone by par-
ents that might be accomplished to
prevent the younger generation from
migratlllg to the cities. Tho children
cannot be blamed for leaving some
fsrmsteads and their surroundlligs.
Sets plants of lettuce raised from
September and October sown seeds in
botbeds and semi-hotbeds. A large
_wheelbarrowful of fermeiltliig ma-
nure spaded under eacll 3 x 6 sasll will
generate enough heat to produce the
crop.
DRILL IN MULTIPLICATION. M
i llavc found it-advantageous to
substitute for drill ill the multiplicatloii
tables awsories of problems. These
problem can be prepared rapidly ami
in great numbers in the following
way. The method also has the advant-
age of giving complete drill in all the
combinations. .
'1‘lle selcctioll of the lllultipiicl' is
dictated by the steps previously deve-
loped, the multiplier may be 2. or 3,
or, if two-place multiplying he known,
2,3. Four’s havillg been developed.
and ~-irlnwlplication ~~ br t1lree“‘pla'celi'
known, the multiplier can be 234, oi'
432, or 432, or 324. A lliuitipliclliid
is then selected us follows: 369-.
Stlccessively aroulld thc school I givc
out to repllico thc dash thc figures 1,
2, 3, 4, otc., up to 9. The ilrst l~.liild's
multiplicand, then will read H691; tlio
second clllld's 3602; the third clllld’s,
3603, etc., a condition that alters thc
i'osult of each cllild's' example mill so
puts each child oil his owil resources.
His licigllbor cannot help llllli und llc
ilnds the necessity of doiilg his own
work.
Quickly working the first example.
.l add tholiiultipller to the product alid
get the answer to the second example.
Adding the multiplier to tllat answer
gives the answer to tile third example,
and so on. '
'l‘llis is the device practically work-
cd out:
8691
432
7382
11070
14764
1594512
432
1594944
432
1
l<`l rst c|lild's nllswer.
Second cllild’s answer.
1595378 Third child's liilswcr,
ulld so on.
Tho facility with which each child
can be given il. separate example and
be immediately examined is the fea-
ture that recommends the device for
It least exsnlination.- Western
_School Journal.
.
GOOD SENTENCEB.
great provision to soften its intense-
lless.-G. D. Prentice.
Humor is the disinfectullt of emo-
tion. lf women could keep their
sense of _humor when they fall ill
love marriage would be turned from
a weary pilgrimage through a waste
of tears into a sbinilig El Dorado.-
Miss Constance Smedley.
Speak clearly if you speak at all,
Carve every word before you let it
fall. -Holmes.
Heaven solids us good meat, but the
devil sends cooks.-Garrlck.
The inability to endure solitude
and silence is the pressing curse of
modern life.-Artliur Pcndenys.
Life is a comedy to those who
llllllli; a tragedy to those who feel.-
Emily Post.
The schoolmastcr is generally a
nian, wllu having learlled to teach
has long ago ceased to learn.-Judge
Parry.
Opportunities seldom come at the
moment we most desire them.-I-I. E.
Rensburg.
One _obtains success today nlore by
the lloise one makes rather than by
the talent that one has.-Edouard
Pailleron.
In general, the foundations of a
happy old age must he laid in youth.
-Cooke.
Don't work for wages. Work for
the accolnplishment of something.-
Leslie M. Shaw.
Truly there is nothing in the world
so blessed and so sweet as the heri-
tage of children.-Mrs. Oliphant.
Young men who isolate themselves
in college and pore over books are
ilot the men who succeed in after
CHILD STUDY FROM A
TEACHER'S STANDPOINT
By G. A. Adams. inspector
Early philosophers and psycholo-
gists have written mucll on phases of
child life, but the systematic study
of the neutral and physical nature of
children has been reserved for moderli
and quitc recent times.
Tile subject was first apgiroached
from the point of view of the educa-
tor and lllaliy of the authorities oil
this subjejct have insisted oil the vl-
inl iillportallcc of li study of cliildreli
to the lille who expects to teach
tlicill.
All of the curly writers advocated
thc liccd of beginning education
with all appeal to tho senses..
The great cnlplliisis thrown by child
psychologists upon thc focblcilcss ol'
intelligciico und the illlpcrfcclloll of
ini-ltiilcts in the infsllt nllturully
rouses oilr cliriosliy us to wily thc
young of liituies. should be so iliucli
llloro clipalllc of helping themselves,
but one finds lil ilie vcry liclplcsslless
oi' llifuiicy lilo secret of liiall's capsc-|
ity to lcurll. . ’l‘llo lilo oi` ii brute is'
gelieiviliy sinl-ji,lc. it docs llot need to
do lleiv things liilli is fillrly woll lixoll
ill its ilinnlirr of lifc hy its ilisilllcts.
while lllilll, on thc other lliilid. is coli-
llliuslly crlillpdllod to louril to iiioct
clllorgoilcles, llclicc he is horn helpless
with ilnpcrfcct illstincts and ull enor-
mous cilplicily io lcnril.
Wcll, having tukell those thoughts
ilito consideration and tllkillg it for
granted that wo are aware of the
great possibilities oi' the child. wo will
now transfer him from the llonio to
thc . school.
lil sendiilg the cllild to school wo
iirc sending hlill, us it were, out into
the world where he will meet with
different characters alld environ-
luelits, botll of which will have alnst-
illg effect upon ills future life..
Tile ciiviroilnleilts of the child stim-
ulate sense perception alid provoke
illqulry.. They are always arousing
llilll to see, hear, smell, taste alid
iii exercising ills senses begets in-
creasing desire to their furtller exer-
cise and these experiences are his
iiieiltal food, as well ae. the means
of ills physical development. .
Parents usually pay too little regard
to ilielltnl culture in the first five
years of the cllild’s life, little realiz-
ing its relation to the after life,
tilougli his eagerness to know usu~
l acc iiiulates ll rest fuild
before he enters school. These years
powerfully affect his life long habits
of investigation. thinking. acting, lan-
guage etc. .
This knowledge is already of
things in nature as well ns of things
in the household which knowledge
furnishes s. flue starting-;ioint for his
school work and. suggests the wisdom
of contiuuiiig it on the very lines_so
well calculated to maintain and en-
large his interests and encourage
him to study.
Now we commence the systematic
development of tho activities of tho
child, whlcll is the true end of form-
al education and can be accomplish-
ed only hy the directing influence of
an individual will: a will which sets
up an idcal which the child is to
realize and tllen proceeds in a metlio-
dical way to help it realize that ideal.
Herein is found the specific duty of
the teacher... It is also the function
of the teacller to encourage lu every
possible way the lmitative or realiz-
ing activities of the child, but it is ev-
en more important that he. with
great wisdom, continually stimulate
the exercise of the idealiziilg activit-
ies. perception, memory, imagination,
judgment, thinking, reasoning.
As the emotional and notional life
of the child gives vitality to mental
and bodily activities. the teacher's
work sllould not only include a com-
prehensive study of the child’s phy-
sical and mental organism but of
tile child lil action as well; of the
child at home, at ills plays, at
work, alone. with his playmates, in
ills moods, in his studies; of the
normal and abnormal child, of the
cllild's motives. of the child in the
different stages of develoginielit and
in the processes of transition from
one stage to another.
Witll such an acquaintance with
child nature, the teacher is able to
enter upoli a study of the underlying.
principles of Education and the meth-
ogs by wllich it is to be accomplish-
e . > .
Nature study, then, nlay rightly en-
gross a large part of the course of
study for the lower grades... The
teachers individuality eild ingenuity
will enable him or her to utilize the
children in gathering the material
and the data for talks and studies;
or in other words nlelltal life should
not be too rapidly crowded upoil the
body claims.. Tile child slloiild not be
railroaded too quickly out of his
world of things into a world of
books.
Wllen llowcvcr the body has had a.
fair cliunce to get it good start, lol. us
say, between tho ages of ten and six-
teen years, li considerable amount of
book work should be acl-onlplislied.
We at the some time slio\l|d-rever-
cllcc tho pause that often ushers ill
sdolescellce. This is Nnturo's lui-
perative. A lnultituilc of boys and
girls are buried alive oil thc threshold
of llliolesccllco by tcncliors who do
not lillilorstalld the race-clalills oil
early youth... Youth should bo rever-
ciitly and wisely supervised
lil this ago thc Supremo llolllg luis
given us lilo op;~,ortuiiity as teachers
to shape the personality ol' boys and
girls by llolllilig their confidence long
cilongll lo give them li. view of llfc
beyond tho school
POULTRY 
TO PICK EGGS TO SHIP.
¥<l'3£4
I have scllt eggs fo llatcllillg to
cvcry state in the South alld io a few
Nortllcrll States and have yet to get
lily first complaillt of brokell eggs or
had hatches. Now, this sounds boast-
ful, doesn't lt?~ But I do not feel
boastful or collcelted. I write this
that other farm women who are ilow
lu the business may profit by my ex-
pcrienco.
For many years I shipped by ex-
press, but ilow I ship by parcel post,
which reduces the cost two-thirds and
over. I have always used split bas-
kets. Tlley arc made lil various sizes,
but I prefer the .small ones that hold
only one setting and the larger .size
that hold three settings. I get the
baskets and other needed material be-
fore sliipping season opens to avoid
delay when the orders begin to come
in and to keep my customers from hav-.
ing to let their hells set too long.
Maily of them write: "Please semi
the eggs as I have a lien setting now."
al y u Z Ol'
clllld kllowledge and even child skill`
When I gather up the eggs every
%l§"'_‘-""1
'lm-*use-_l
what is s REAL Fence Birpllvfl
PAGE FENCE
lille.
Why does PAGE FENCE COST
‘, _LEAST to use?
it WEARS BEST.
LIFETIME.
any ordinary fence.
FENCE WEAR
ALL FULL No. 9
the locks.
woven and correctly
U,
. Why
lt's'
wire-
part.
rusif
.luikw rsscll-All
lPAG`E Fence-Fa
. I 90 p. o. o B” was to you in
m my ling-expens I _y
proof-the finest ever used
on fence. .
Ace Fence
why :assess gizmos il REAL WM* ¢’V'§X";8'§‘,=38§,
 "°°' *" 1-Aon Fsmcsis . molly Darla
B°°°“°° lt COSTS LEAST m of Canada havin; been up for
20 years-and some Bllll
look good for 20 more. ,
why osn sash :HGH-QUALITV
Fence be so e esp
Because PAGE FENCE lS Bvlil
DIRECT, from factory W
farm. _
"Sellingexpense ' (W ll l if ll
boosts price without adding
value) is cut to the very low-
est notc l. ‘_ .
! the saving in sel-
o BETTER.
the form
FENCE.
cts I "ll
'afternoon, I wipe off any soil that
may happen to bo on tllem, mark date
on each one with a led pencil, select
those of uniform color and size for
hatching purposes and put them in a.
basket kept for that purpose. All thex
off-colored, small and rldged eggs are
put aside for culinary purposes.
When packing them to ship, I lino
the basket with a thick layer of ex-
celsior. Tear s large square of news-
paper, lay uncgg on one corner and
roll it up in the paper to the opposite
corner. This leaves two empty rolled
ends of paper . which must be folded
hack oil opposite sides of the egg. The
folded ends make such a smooth,
thick padding that nu amount of jolt-
ing can injure the egg. It requires
soft newspaper. such as the big daili-
es alid tri-weeklles. No thick, stiff pa-
per will do.
After the eggs are all wrapped in
paper, I pack them in closely as I con
get tllem, put a. thin layer of excelsior
on top of them. tuck a. sheet of news-
paper all round this and put on a.
clean pasteboard top, cut to fit down
inside the basket and sewed on thro-
ugh the splits with a darnlng needle
and cord.
lt requires. time and patielice to
pack them this way, but it pays. It
means a well satisfied customer that
will know where to order the next
time.-D. H. R.- Farm Life.
...__.._______?_
Asour aAN'rAMs.
Bantam fowls are generally looked
upon as mere pets. but as a matter of
fact they have many strong economi-
cal points and useful qualities. Five
Bantams can be kept in the space re-
quired for two of the large of three
of the small sized breeds. Legliorlis
or Hamburgs, for instance. They af-
ford good meat, and are good layers
as a rule. The Black Africans rival
the Leghorn for number of eggs pro-
duced, while 15 of their eggs will go
as far in cooking as 12 or most breeds,
so that for small quarters, what one
loses in size, one makes up in number. ,
Game Bantams are especially good
eating, and if hung until a trifle
“gsmy” and cooked as quail should
be. are no means substitute for that
worthy bird. It is said that some re-
staurants make this substitutioil. One
having room for. say 20 liens only
would do well to occupy it with 50
Bantams. The Black Africans are not
settcrs ill many cases, but a couple or
out here. For small back yards Ilan-
tanls produce the largest e ' null are
bl‘€‘0il. but ull of theiil arc cusily
tamed. All the vlirlctics cxccpt thc
Cochin rcqulro netting over tlicir
yard they can fly like quail. -
lt' you want to cut the wings ofl`
your fowl so that it will not disiigurc
tllelll leave lllc two loilg flight fcutii-
ors uncut and when the wing is folded
it will have ilo clloppcd oll` look. The
cffcct as to Ilyliiff-.will lic thc same as
the old ugly way.
THE POULTRY HOUSE.
'l‘l1e fnrmcr`s wife usually cures for
the poultry, and lt” ullyolic ileclls to
_silvo steps il, is the fltrnlirr's wife. ilei'
work kcops llcr illovilig it grciitcr por-
tion of the tiillc, and oven :l siilail silv-
iilg lil steps llieliils it lot io her. it is
all easy matter to nrrlillgo tlio feud
bills, nests, coops for breaking up
brooding hells, water supply, and lllally
other nlinor things, so thc greatest
amount of work may be accomplished
with the least number of steps pos-
sible.
lf one has only s. few hells the feed
alld water is not a vital question, as'
usually one trip call be made to do for
both, but if one has over a hundred
hens this is impossible, and the wcigllt
of the feed and water is no small load
for an already tired back. When this
carrying can just as well be avoided
year in slid year out. Make e. good
tight bin under the scratching shed
with door for putting in the feed from
the outside, and openings at the bot~
tom on the inside, covered, of course,
at will, for taking out tllo grain as
desired.
Arrange for a Convenient Water
Supply.
The water supply cull bc arranged
by running a pipe froiu the well to tile
trough used. if this ls made so tile
pipe can be run up through the bot-
tom snd both ends of the pipe be
about level. a vessel may be attached
to the end next the well. and wllen it
`f§"'ifept"full` the water in the trough
will he at thc same level. I ilnd that
a twelvequart galvanized or enameled
ware disll all is about the best thin
as not it is foolish to keep on ciiryiiig i
I 5,
of this second floor are loose so they
can be removed for cleaning. The
next one I make I shall raise the jail
ten inches higher and slant the drop-
pin! Door to-the front, and giving a.
little more room above the nests.
A Convenience for Watering.
The feeding and watering problem
ill this jail is easily solved. Fasten a
long narrow box along the side for
the grain and shell, and e. shelf for
the water fountain. ’l‘he door to the
jail is hinged at the top, and drops
down against a cross slat at the bot-
tom. This allows one to simply push
the lien in and she cannot open it from
the inside and get out. A simple catch
holds the door up when I want to let
them out. Above all things, don't do
as I have done, 'pile rubbish all over
the top, for 20 to 25 hens in the coop
will need all the air they can get when
the hot sultry days come.
These nests are all right except that
the partitions should extend higher.
Then hens pick the nest material out
and put it in the one they are in, or
,else drop it outside, and they try to
pull the eggs over from 'one to the
other, often breaking them. I would
make the nests lil inches wide, too, ln-
stead of 12, and put the partitions 12
inches apart. Put a four or six-inch
board across the back of the top nest
for the hens to jump up oil to get into
the nests. and two or three of them
ack of the bottom nests, so they can
jump from the bottom to the tcp.-
Michigan Farmer.
POULTRY POINTERS
Words oi Advice
Look olit for head licc oil 'baby
chicks. Tlley sap the very life blood
out of a chick. Lord alid kerosene will
stop their ravages.
it is riot the best policy to crowd too
lliauy eggs under a hen especially if
the weather is a little cllilly. Set less
and get more.
Fence oft’ a part of your yard and
ill a few weeks you have all elegant
crop of tender green feeds that will
make the chicks thrive.
If a baby chick is very sick it hard-
ly ever pays to doctor it and li' it does
live the cliaiices are it will licvcr be a
strong, robust fowl.
llioro oi' good old “blddies" will help . 
tanis are of great viiluc. Cochin Bull- If  
H85.
the iiiost docile of any ot' thc little 
FOR DOG-BITTEN SHEEP
"'l'\vo _venrs ago," wrltcs ti subscrib-
oi' to all excliaiigc. "l Ilnll eight. purc-
llrcll sllccp so badly bittcil and torll
iliilt. sovr.-rul of lily neighbors pro-
iiolilircil tllvlil wortlllcss. Ono ewe had
i.wciiiy~oilo cuts niid telirs. . Ill solnc
plliccs il lnuil's hand would not
cover the wouild, wlloro the skill was
toril nwny iilld gulic. I dressed encll
woulld by dusting it liberal supply of
boric acid oil it. Tllcrc was no silh-
sl-.qlieilt silppiiratioll, ns usually oc-
curs ill sucll wonllds. 'i‘llc wounds zlll
liczllell liuickly. Their gelicral llcnltli
slil`l`i-roll hilt vcry little. Within foul'
llloiiilis. recovery wus complete. Later
ill tho suilll: your l llild li ruin lulnll at-
tacked by il dog. Ono shoulder was
badly lacoralteil, and oilo hind leg was
so badly bitten in lower part tllut lic
could not put his foot to the ground
for ten days. I used the boric acid
treatment. with splendid results. The
lamb gained weight rapidly, and kept
ln perfect llenltll. Iloric acid is a good
dressing for ally » wound oil man or
beast. I cannot rccommelid it too
lllgllly for- wounds oil sheep resulting
from attacks by dogs."
' l*`l’~+.§
if THE TURF
-ri-lr-: w/lsr/ies or Houses
.Tile ordinary life of a good healthy
horse, rarely exceeds from twenty to
twenty-live years, but when he goes
to war it is shortened to all average of
seven days. Artillery horses last in
military service three and four times
as loilg for the average of each oni-
mal. The war has already, been go-
ing oil around two hundred and twenty
days. Putting the number of horses enl-
ployed at two hundred thousand this
would indicate that already upwards
of three million horses have been
destroyed. lt is also calculated by
so eminent an authority as Lord Kit-
cllener, that the war will last three
WHEN you want lt from P F
paqgf to use. The pipe can be run up through years, or 875 days longer, which, at
gecguse you ww; 5ERv|CE_ the bottom and lock-nuts used to make the large rate of destruction, would
Ami PAGE FENQE |35” a it water-tight, using white lead freely mean the wastage of nearly twelve
L1pET1ME_ under them. Bury the pipe a foot or million more horses. In the meantime,
'1‘||e;~e'g 5 PAGE Factory. ‘more ilnder ground and the frost will it is impossible that breeding can pro-
Brand, m Me,-y big fem. not bother it in winter. and the water ceed to the same extent as ln normal
“nu-g_.;0 ship 4,-gm 'gi-,ca in the pan -will not freeze as easily, es- times. What a tremendous shortage
the “me day your 0.-de, ar. peeially if the pipe is s large one. this indicates can he as well imagined
,-|v¢g_ Second-haild pipe may be purchased as described. With cessation of breed-
you donvt have to wait fm. very cheap. I bought llalf-inch pipe ing included it can safely helrelckflglsd
_ Shipman” from 9 facgory 9, that served s. good purpose for years that the deficit will he near y n as
from PAGE?
get the BEST
at the LOWEST
Why
y0\ll‘ h‘l0l\8Y
WON ll'll6_B
not one re-
and one inch pipe for four cents
Stakes should he driven down about
.two or tllreo lllches apart all around
to keep the hens from getting into the
pan. Green poles about all inch in dia-
meter at the base and drawn together
at the top a couple of feet above the
pan work well and are easily pro-
cured.
A Poultry House Jsll.
I think the greatest labor-saving do-
in my hen house is the jail and
There are some
nests I would change.
is all right. 'Pills
82 inches wide.
A iath so it
for the
side or
0ll6
thougand mm, away_ as water pipes for two cents a foot, much again, that is to say, that there
' ' - _ will h
e a demand in the next few
for from twenty to twenty-two
more horses than would be
ordinary times. Whether the
sets in, as some people
think is likely, or there
to be a woeful
done
e
has
the
t
0ll Oil
|3811
DOW
bred
reasonably fitter
yssrriéhhencs it
reserve e mares
season to tlle best
sound advice on
rearing of horses is
which can be had
to the Publications
or .qi/leuitcls, I
i THE FARM
nililml |;|.|5m5|5m.||Em.|<|.|éH.|.m.|.
Cut a few shoots from the early
flowering shrubs and place them in
water in the window garden. They
will soon cover themselves with
bloom. <
lli spreading thc stable manure. see
iliat the coarsest are upplicd to the
fields to bc plliiltcd in thc full season-
ed crops and the partially rotted man-
urcs to the curly crops.
Cabbage plants being Wintercd over
in cold frames should now be set a few
inches apart in another cold frame and
grown to transplanting size. Keep the
plants no cold sid. }
Héléiéll
THE FRESHENING COW.
Tile accumulated experience ot' pro-
gressive dalrymen proves that ll cow
should have a rest between lactation
periods. If milkcd _continuously up to
the time of freslienlllg. thc period into
whlcll she freshens will be less profit-
able than tlie preceding. Without rest,
it is impossible for her to renew her
depleted strength, or to lay up a sup-
ply of fat for the new lactation period
nor can she properly nourish the now
rapidly growing fetus.
it may seem like wasting food to
lay fat on a cow’s body, but in reality
it is not, for the fat will later appear =
as fat in the milk. Moreover, when al
cow fresheils, she ls usually more or |
less feverish, and her digestion ilupa-
ired to ll. certain extent. To place ller
oil full feed at this time is to invite
trouble. But lt' she is in good condi-
tioli. the wiltholding of her feed will '
result ill no harm, inasmuch as her
needs will be taken careof by the fat
stored on the body. A thin cow has no
such reserve and one has to choose be-
tween decreascd productloll or take
chances oil her powers to stand up
under full fed.
A cow should be given lit least six
weeks’ rest. It' internlittellt and par-
tial milking fails to dry her up, with-
holding tile grain ration and feeding
rougilages such as tlmotliy and straw
will bc found helpful. Ten days to
two weeks should he allowed il cow to
reach full feed after freslieililig.
CLIPPING THE UDDER
in advising tllrlt the uiidcrs of dzliry
cows slionld lic clipped. Mr. ll. E.
ilvornchck (Colorallo Agri(-iilillrlil (Tol-
lcge) writes:-"It is not nnconlilloil
amongst dairy cows to find lilo lilillor
covered with it ill-ilsc growth of long
hairs, which, ultlloilgli they iuay lic of
sonic protection to lilo uddcr, ncvor-
theless, frolll the stliiidpoint of smilin-
tioll and colllfort to the cow durliig
milking are ri llctrillicilt. Uliill,-r orrllli-
ziry i`l-lrm colillitloiis they :irc gclif~i‘:llly`
covorcll with filth, :ind cveli in 'thc
best-kept dairies. iillless clipped, col-,
lect sonic dust nild iiltll. l1`url.lierliloru
because oi` their location, it is highly
probable that sonic of tllclli will find
their way illio thc lliilk pail - dllring
lnilkillg. ln order flint such collrlitlons
may not occur, these liairs should bc
clipped ollcl' or twice cucll your, ihliro-
by prcvclitiiig collcctioll of iilill and
pcrniittilig greater l-orc in wasllilig
thc uddcr. It has been nly c.\'pol'icllcc
that ‘kl('ksrs' ilru also ilovclopcil wlicii
llrcnkiilg ill ill-Ifors to illilk lu-l-:iiisc of
tllcso long linirs. When the niilkcr
grasps illc touts during inilkillg, the
snrrouildiiig llrilr is illclndcii, with
cacli streaili drawn the liliirs arc giv-
eil ii good vigorous pull. ls it lilly won-
der tllat the lieifurs kicks you, pail
slid ull, into tho gutter? If ii large
herd is to be clipped, a llunll-power
machine should llc provided. The
clipping should extend over the flank
and tlligll oil the right side, as this
will make it easier to keep thc side
about the milk pail cleali. lil the
production of special or certified milk,
this precaution should always be oh-
scrved in addition to the customary!
washing of uddcrs. lil ordinary niilk,
production it will help to elimillatci
much illtll, which means better nlilk,
and better nlilk eventually means bet-
ter prices. '
PRUNING THE APPLE.
The nionths ot’ lfollriinry and March
are ill best molltlis for heavy pruning
alld the following suggestions may hc
helpful:
lil removing lurgc brililclics, make
a sillootli cut close to thc stein or
brallcli frolll which it is reuioved.
Stunips left invite fungi nlld decay.
In reducing the heigllt of thc tree,
or dellornillg the tree, never leave
linked stumps, but clit to a leader.
This means that the sitio branch still
would take tho place of tho centre
leader removed, and thc tree would
not look as if it had bccll dellorlled.
if systematic pruning is done froili
year to your there should bc little oc-
casion for the removal of large
branches, as they would tlieli have
beeli removed when small.
Heavy Winter pruning generally
encourages the growth of water
sprouts or suckers. slid unless these
are removed as soon as they appear
the amount of pruning to be done i.ho
follwlng years will be greatly in-
creased.
A good fruit-grower will prune at
ull seasons of the year, for every time
he walks through ,his otchsild and
sees a branch or a shoot onto! place
lie removes it. By such praotluewlnl
ter pruning is largely dispensed with.
The necessity mr heavy Wllil.¢l'.DNl-
ing arises from the fact that the trees
were not properly shaped lnd'D!lU\¢||»
before they reached the bearing 08%
and lf the pruning and shaping has
been carefully attended to up loathe
time the trees have reached the sixth
year, the subsequent pruning would
he very little. It is the neglect of the
young growing trees that makes the
Winner pruning so heavy in later
years.-E. P. Bsndsten, Colorado,
Coleman’s Rural World. »
BAND YOUR SHADE TREES.
Tlle Spring canker worm has killed
more Kansas apple trees in one loa-
son than the Ban .lose scale has killed
in its entire i history in the state.
while at the same time the worm has
attacked thousands of elm and other
allude trees. It has been equally de-
structive in various other states.
Here are some simple and practical
methods of preventing these losses. lt
is often impossible to spray shade
trees. so Professor Dean, of the Kau-
sas Agricultural College. recommends
this remedy for shade trees and advis-
es that it he applied immediately:
Take a strip of cotton batting two
iilclles wide and long enough to go
around the tree. Over this cotton
place a strip of tarred paper or bulld-
ing paper, slightly wider than the cot-
ton. Fasten the paper tightly over the
cotton with four or five taclcs. The
cotton is used to prevent the worms
from going under the paper band.
Some sticky substances. such as
printers’ ink, coal tar, pine tar, ol'
dendrolerie, should be smeared upon
the paper. The best preparation to
use is called tree tanglefoot. On
badly infested trees it is necessary to
somb or replace the sticky substance
every few days. The sticky substance
illay be applied directly to the bark of
the tree, but it will leave a dlliigurlng
lliork for many years. The cotton and
paper bands may bo removed at any
time and will not leave a mark.
REASONS FOR KEEP-
ING LIVESTOCK
The following are a few reasons.
as outlined by it Wisconsin shep-
llcril nud stockmnn, for the keeping
of good live stock!
ltliisllig superior stock is the best
:ind easiest wily of keeping up the
fertility of our soils.
The larger profits ohtaillcd from
thc raising of prolllictlve live stock
elllllilcs the farillor to equip his place
with liettor illavhillery. which, in
ilirli, iigllieils heavy tasks and makes
farili life more pleasant.
A stcnllily growing population will
voiilillllc to supply all cxcclleilt mar-
llct for nlore und better llvo stock
onli llvc stock products.
'i‘horo is _lllorc pleasure in caring
for good than poor liyc 5l0Ck~
Livo stock raislng'tends‘ to ,_ en-
courage boys and girls to remain. on
thc farm.
\\-‘ell broil livo stock furnishes the
host possilllo lnllrkct for thc farm-
i~i~`s rouglisgo nlld grnln..
lioticr liclp may he secured sud
kept upon a farm iipoil which profit
proililliiilg aliilnnls sro rail-lod
All things being cuiilll, the produc-
tion mill vuluc oi` ll livo stock farm
stlizlllily increases.
LAWN GRASS SEED.
if you would kilow wllat sort of
grass to use for different conditions.
you con do no better than consult a.
reliable seedlnan, whose lawn mix-
tures he will guarantee as he does
his reputation. But the following
descriptioll of grass Plants. comlllled
by Mr. Luke J. Doogue, will be of
help.
Kentucky Blue Grass-Pea pra-
tcliisis. Fine for lawns; EYOWB Blow-
ly, but vigorously, almost everwwhero
but on all acid soil.
Red Top-Agrostis vulgaris. Shows
results more quickly than Blue Grass:
will thrive on a sandy soil; fine in
combination wltll Blue Grass.
English Rye Grass- Lolium per-
cllne. Grows quickly and shows al-
most immediate results; good to com-
bine with tho slow-growing _.Blue
Grass.
Various-lcaved Fescue- Festuea
llolllmpilyilll. Good for shady and
liloisi. places.
Rhode island Bent-Agrostis cani-
im. Iles a creeping habit; good for
putting-greens, sandy soils.
Creepilig BIlcnt- Agrostis stolon-
fcrll. Creeping habit; good for sandy
places and to bind banks or sloping
places. Coiilblileil with Rhoda Island
Bollt l'or putting-greens.
(irestcli Dog’s-tail- Cynosurus cris-
tntus. Forms a low and compact
sward:g0oll for slopes nild shadlf
places.
Wood Meadow Grass-l’oa nemor-
alis. Good for shady places; is very
Ilnrily.
Ited Fescue-Festucs rubra. Thriv-
es on poor soil and gravelly banks.
White Clover- Trlfollum repens.
(lood for slopes; not to be recommend-
ed for a lawn.
Sheep Fescue-» Festuca ovins, Good
for light, dry soils.-House and Gor-
den.
@ 
Sow 'rss