T” m. NOVEMBER _2._194o ‘Twawsv NOTES - B! AGBJCOLA -| c...........1 rum-l .. . t t from a Hm y“ ‘m texlilkgsIy to be a - 111-r Fliéhlkililf , - iiic A mighty gave, "H1 the lion-flags of if. ' \l\i..t'l' yaw-nod the hor- lllt) 1111111 ne. Shall lay My d ‘ow- waft blooms with hero- ,,_ \\"1li'll mun from wrong oils- p y, where the tyrant "A ~ - in? V, KfCIEHBJElKIQA/IY England vanish ‘ . 1 ' ?" 9.5;‘: 13f§§3121in a little 1n the I‘ L1,“ 1m», it domes from an "The A1"mada," by , Schiller. Schiller was i3“... G,.,,,._an_1 greatest poets and Qamatlsls, and died 1n 13°5- ymss ox ISLAND PLANTS Tlic Monotropnceae This is 1111- small and exclusive M,“ Pipe Family, with but three "llbtilli in 1111s province. Botani- ‘ g ' -1'v related totheHeath lie plants have a much oi "earning their liv- 11s 11c sl1.1!l see. None of them r ' t‘ nlolliicillly, and II they we any ll‘ lici-nal value it has not discoicrcd. Mfiénpillf“ ~ the Indian Pipe @1101, nnlflorzi L.) l5 OI 0011' =i111111'1‘s',. It must be look- . r 11111211: 1111: thick deposits of 1511111: leaves in the dim aisles of h, lygrlilllfil forests. There one inds a Ylwhber of white fleshy items, six or eight inches lcmg, “ply-w as though modelled in white A 011111c top of each stem is a 11mm‘, equally white and 11111121112 "face downward." t. m»: 11 speck of green on the leaves are re- 1111. lllere t y 11111010 p‘.an ; 1» more scales on the stem 1.. pcrlllhr pallld appoarance has .11..» w. :11"1'1tllPl‘ popular name ~-plar1i . _ .\ a very simple explana- 111x101 1hr structure of the India-n ape, and a lesson as well. Doubt- 15,1119 plant was honest and in- liusirious 11995 “K01 1140146118 501' “'5 m, living. full of green leaves to 5m its 1on1! from soil. air, and p111. But one unlucky day its evil genius -11~e know not how or why Clrlduced it to make use of the food atoivd in rotting leaves by other 1111's. l1 deteriorated from that day: tteleavcs gradually became smaller and lost their green chlorophyll- tin: substance so essential to their 10:11. It is the Parable of the buried ‘iiient illustrates in the plant world. ltitiirs 1.1 11111 of vestigial remains- ttgans, once useful, but now degen- erate because their owners, for some recon, neglected to make use of (hem A rcccnt writer calls the plant nobber but. as I see it. the Indian Rae may with more truth be liken- ed to an indolent but picturesque hobo, content to live on "hand- outs" provided by respectable work- lng plants‘. It ls a most disappoint- ing plan". to the collector, for it blackcns rapidly after being pick- rd. and nothing can be done to re- 111111 its ivzixen purity. The Manuals irate that the Indian Pipe may be red or ro=_v but all the plants I've rm wvrc ‘lite. Not s01 11c is the Pinesap or F1111: Ilccrli-rlrops (Mnnotrolifl 11111111111111: l'\ widely spread plant fzoin Cape Breton to Western On- 11:10. Bomnists believe this plant to be a robber too, but the evid- =c'm.= to shoiv that it is only like the Indian Pipe. -c of the decomposing . 1s1ims= plants do actually 1:1 lIOlIllDOTS by sending suck- e to ilicir roots to abstract the 113-11 T11» only timc I found this . t‘ ‘Pierc r11 thc Kintyre Road. . 1111.1. It had a short fragrant bell-shaped chilly drooping to one r 111c_1' iverc tawny yel- , wllli r1 reddish shade. It v11» 11': in the shade of a 111. ~. and must have died 1" l 12111111 11:11. find it in stic- 1.<'.1"~ Tlic Pinesnp is an- ‘ _:1:1i1-.1, 1vl‘.h scales in- 1 .l f5 . 111 his Manual says ..<l mcnibcr of the group, ‘cps Ptcrospora And- 1 is fouiirl in P. E. I. swii illls plant. Brit- ‘ r pzpiliar name. icst, from its mass A 111: r111: FISIIES 1a) .59‘? fire great eaters, QI 1' .1. :1 i. lllL _ animal com- ‘l 11‘ fun" fecding 011 vegetable - nic liie on the o-hotlicti animals that tor: otlzers feed on s crabs. and ard outer covering. it. extent they feed are smaller 11'. w-zil known the ‘a K _ ' (.0 not ltcsitute to at- ivyihlzlnli 1i_.1ns?lf. In their feed- MW- t..:n. fishes have a re- t." 1n ihe carnivorous tribes s. Birds, and Reptiles. _ ', Pi‘. save the Zoological ‘n. llublin 11 remarkable 0i‘tl1c lupacity of fishes: ' P-ill-flsli two and a half 111 the stomach of which 1. 1.11) icct 1n length. 11 of tire Cod contain-ad sized Whiting, and . 1 leld the half-digested‘ "Vi"? sinailer fishes 10o ll!) to be identified! ~ '11s to an examination . the Fishes. Some ‘ ‘"11" .) 195th but i f- 1'01!‘ oi llizm. As a ‘ ..t confined to the t‘ :1 ca! cn the tongue. l‘; w other part1 of the .lj“‘ 1111119 a distinct ad- 1- 1s: we can ncver have H1 tlic tongue!) N; 111111 nrrrfly for grasp- It!“ 111111 passing it to the 1 have i-reth for cult- ?! mid 1110s? that live l... '.1§;l_,“l‘21.‘.~i1.p.~irs nan; tceni fitted l‘:.l ' I °° “U ‘M r-xcced the number-s of “he? class of Vertebrates: the ;_ ......_. c. .1...‘ .-.. .._.. “.11 going an for centuries with little ap- parentdlminution, and it would seem that that it. can go on f9; centuries more without exhausting My 511111115. ADOUL seven tenths o1 the earth's surface is covered wit!) 1vater (not including the rivers and .akes), and in this immense space are fishes livinil at different depths like the dwellers in our sky-scrapers: ..-... v16 know how large a population can thus be accommodated. Sometimes we see pictures of gaily - 15-1-5; these are found near lhfi Tfvillcs; hence it is t that simlfght has something“; ad‘; witn the development of ooloi- ._ which is often as bright a4 that or the birds or butterflies. Some fish- es live at great depths but they are dull in coloration. T0 K96!) up this immense multi- tude. Iii-inst the inroads made by men and the fishes themselves it follows that that fishes must’ be abundantly prolific. It is found that the roe of a herring contains at 1985i’ 60.000 eggs. and that of a cod about nine million! The resulting YWXIB would be too abundant wen their numbers not kept down by the causes before mentioned. As to the number of kinds the" are, it ls likely that nobody knows; it must be some thousands with rcme hundreds still to be discover. “W111i of two: the Electric Eel, and the Torpedo. The former was first’ fmmd by the great IIEIUYSLIIQ‘ and explorer, Humboldt, in south America. This eel is capable of giv- llng such an electric shock to other ahfibgfm‘ °I Q19 9001s and rivers, d“ f-‘y are killed instantly, men m curled“. Humboldt describes how ° e‘? M"! Cfllltured without dan- ger to the natives. 'I‘hey drive a ggmop ofhwlld horses (who seem 1,0 “now W_at is awaiting them) into 9 Pool. the eels attack and when they have "exhausted their bat- teries" on the horses, they may be camuwd with impunity. ‘The "Tor-v Dedo is a. kind of flat-fish, belong. L“? m ‘he RB)’ tribe. and has Va battery" on each side, composed of a multitude of small tubes preg. W‘ clmlv together like the cells in tlhmnEYgmnb. end filled 11111.1 a, ud. With this apparatus it can kive an electric shock at will, to 5m“ "5 Pfey. The destructive implement we hear so much of go its name min U118 fish. ' " origin of Photography Just one hundred years ago in 2340' m‘? firs! "Photo" of the human 111s was taken. 111111 was o... year 5"" Dflguerte had succeeded l“ ““°"°3" “P111318 lmuninate objects by '1" Dwuemotvve meniod. Be- cause of the lengthy exposure re_ qlllred-half-an-llourl-it was 1m. pambk? f"? ‘my sitter to "have his picture troll" with success. anguthwith the hour came the man, is name was John William Draper. ‘This remarkable msm one 2:1 mehkfvflfest geniuses which Am- m 6Z1 as produced. is little known fie a eulfhwlt Keucration though ' T1 Cllflt-{Pd many of the in. tentions which later came on the market. I-fe had worked out many °1 U19 Problems of radiation and at once saw the value (and the ‘veakneslsl i)! Dflfillffrcs invention He investigated and soon found that b1"? 118111. was practically the 01,13. light that affected the sensitized plate. (There were no films than; a, 3L5“ °* ‘in Plate was coated with the sensitive emulsion). As a can. sequence Draper arranged reflector, i° "WW a strong beam of sunlight "Woven a concentrated solution 0g wplwr sulphate. on to the feature; Ofltlile sitter. The copper sulphate "ied "-1 I filter. cutting the Me heat rays and allowing only ue ight to pass. without dig. comfort to the person invo1."d. The 118M was so intense, that Draper was able to take the first photo- graph ever made o: a human being: that of his sister Dorothy cathgrme Draper. That was 1n 1840, and m; sea ' picture is still extant. Ar o expressed his belief to meus-letgg Chamber I .1111; that, Vgfy year, iltat the feat of pliotogmphmg 11111111! Persons was too fabulous to be carried out! Draper, by the wad was the inventor of the adjustal- iron headrest so much used in the studios of former days during the critical process. ‘ Here isan anecdote for those who believe that Edison invented tho electric light. (Swan lighted hi; drugstore tn Newcastle on Tyne by nlectricity. the year Edison applied or the patent!) Draper, in m, work on "The Radiation of Red-Hot, Bodies." made known that “ a sur- face of platinum of standard dim- ension. raised to a standard tem- perature by a voltaic (i. e. electric) cunent, will always emit a Ofmslant light." shortly after, in a public lecture on his platinum standard, he stated that one clay some ingenious individual would use it fol nubl‘c lighting. In the long run this siatement had a curious con- sequence. When Edison applied for a patent on his incandescent lamo the authorities refused to grant i. because they regarded Draper's mcst i Most . platinum standard" as the prior dis- | covery. The Patent Office wrote to , Draper who replied that Edison de- lserved all the credit for the lamp. and on his statement the patent was granted. I lt was owing to Drapcr that 1h Atlantic cab'e was laid: the leading European scientists believed that it couldn't be dcrie. Draper held that the idea was a sound one and on the I =tren1z‘h c!‘ Ms opinion the cilblic invested their money and did ll. l-lis last great work. "The His- ltory of the Conflict betwcen Re- ligion and Science," (1896) went through twenty English editions in 1 the ten years after ifs appearance, ‘ and was translated into nine hmzu- l ages. Yet how few in t'1!s generation have even heard of him. vanitatleml composition of Cabbage 30w many of my readers rem: _ ber the Summer B31001 m‘ Tflm“ ‘m, which m held at 1m did P. the surface, and are associated i111tli . Of the many 1i I fishes 1 will wneizdalfiitiiwfliloixp Vanllas 0' Weekly Live Stock Market Report lgfllvorrswa, Canada-October 24, SUIVHVIABY P11" 908118811 were few in thel cattle market during the past week and any recorded affected plain and trashy material of whichnthere were] far too many included in 111101119,- heavy total supply. Sinppers, up. parenily, paid little attention to re- cent warnings regarding offering plain to medltun stockers too freely and further liberal numbers of this class show-ed up contributing to a Very sluggish trade. An increase in southern orders was welcomed by the trade and sewed to relievq the situation considerably. some cal: sales were made at a redu¢t1m1 o; 50c in Toronto but elsewhere the market was steady to firm. Hogs and lambs were mostly unchanged, Eastern Cattle Markets A few top grades in the killer division at Toronto sold steady but others were down 10c to 25c and a similar situation existed in the stocker division where the lower quahtws dropped twenty-five cents to fifty cents. Some 1600 cattle remained unsold at the close after a few choice weighty steers hackwPPcQ at. $8.25, with others milking $8 down, and butcher nia- terial up to $7 50 and $7.60. Good stockers and stock calves moved out at $7 7-0 $7 65. Montreal had a large percentage of plain cows in the offering and these sold lower with other kinds of stock holding steady. Good steers made from $7.50 "D 10 I t0!) 0f $8.25 and good coivs were on a basis of $5.50 to $5.75. Maritime sales held about steady with good to choice steers quoted at $7.25 to $8. Western Cattle Markets Lilbcra! numbers of plain and med- ium cattle at Winnipeg served to bring about a sluggish trade and common to medium light stockers were hard to move. The better g'l'arlcs,ho\1"evc1', were fairly well taken care of by outsidc orders a1. $5.50 to $6.25 and some fleshy feeders moved south at $6 50 1o $6.75. Most killing classes held steady to firm, with best slaughter steers at $7 to $7 50. Cows looked about 25c higher in spots with good kinds at $4.50 to $5. Calgary‘ had fair action and sold good to choice butcher steers 11p to $7. A sirnilai" 1113b. $7. “'85 mid at Edmontonfl while Prince Albert sold good butch- i er steers at $6 25 to $6 50 and Moose Jnw paid an odd $6.75 yith good sttcrs mostly around $6.50. The. high at Regina was $6.25 and Sask-l atomi ivnsflraggy and lower with only a sprinkling of good steers at, $5.85 to $6 and an odd $6.50,. Vancouver was active at $7.25 to‘ $7.65 fcr good steers. United States Market A iiutnbci‘ of loads of Canadian steers o!‘ fairlv heavy weights sold cn Saturday last at Buffalo at $10.50. with others down to $9.40. ‘i .11.. e11 \V. C i1i Clirirloiictoivn? Tliat must be around twenty-five years ago or so. I attended closes there, and still have 111i the complete notes 1111111 .£-‘.‘!Cll0S. One stibject inter- ested me greatly-Abe anaLvsis of ilic 110.1110 and since then I have scrnpcd acquaintance with the composition of several other of our common vegetables. Here is some- thing concerning the cabbage: This vegetable, like others, in the green or fresh stage, contains a high pcrc-cntage of water: to be ex- act-, 80.6 of its entire bulk It is 101v in callulose, 1 1 per cent; all the bellcr for the digestion, though a certain amount of roughage is essential to health. There is the same percentage of protcid matter even to the decimal: bsdv-building matter. but not very m11c11. Energy and heat producing carbohydrates are more 111 evidence. 5.8 per cent. Mineral matter, an important series of constituents with almost medl- cinal values 1.3 per cent. A little fat. 04 per cent; and what is known as “cxi1".1ct" which gives flavor, oror, etc., 0.7 per cent Make tals up 111 the form of n tabular statement for your note- book. When cabbage is "boiled ragged," as it mostly is, there is a serious loss of its solid contmits: it is esti- mated that '10 per cent are dis- solved iiito the water: and all thc extract is taken from the leaves to flavor the water and to perfume the air! That fate overtakes most green vegetables when carelessly boiled: they gain water but lose much of their nutrients. Cabbage should be put. into boiling water and boiled fast and furiously: when this is done carefully-and no cook- ing should be done otherwise —the cabbage remains white and delicate with little odor or none. Raw cabbage is rich in vitamins and usually is cheaper than lettuce. especially in the colder months of the year. The inner tender leaves may be made into salads. They are said to be more digestable than cooked cabbage. For my own part I prefer the early quick-growing Chinese cabbage. which comes into bearing long before the lettuce in spring. That's The Trouble! And to conclude. here is a litllc story with a moral for everybody but. ourselves. Om day a rich but miscrly Chassid came to visit a Rabbi The "cod man led him to a window "l-rick c11t there," he said, "and 1e" mc what you see." "People." answered the rich man. The Rabbi 1e’! him to the op-I nnsite side of the room, before "' mirror. ‘And what do you s1‘ now?" “I see myself " "Yes." nodded the Rabbi." in the window there is glass and in the mirrci- there 1.1 glass. But the glass c’ '1" minor is ccvercd with a little silver —a'.1d no sooner is a little silver added than you cease to re- frna _cnAltLo'r'ra'r0wN __ GUARDIAN IABSBFIZLD. I CONSERVATION I A WEEKLY COLUMN OI‘ PRACTICAL OPINIONS OI I'll! VITAL ISSUES AFFECTING TIIB USES AND ABUSIB OF NATURAL RESOURCES BY All. LUIYIDW JINKINS. RESEARCH FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS (Designed for nature clubs, scout and similar groups; or teachers may give special credit for this work). TOPIC I. PERSONAL ACQUAINT- ANCE WITH TI-IE WATERFOWL Home study. Familiarize yourself with pictures of the waterfowl: beautifully illustrated books are available at libraries. Be able to name quickly the pictures of both the males and females of at least fifteen species of waterfowl. Know which species are migrants, and which nest in your locality. Know the "river ducks," the "sea ducks," the "diving" and the "shallow-feed- ing" ducks. Know what food is taken by the waterfowl, inboth salt and fresh water. and on land. Know the routes of migration, the ‘fly- ways," of the various species; where they nest. and where they winter. Field study. Once introduced to the waterfowl through pictures and through an interest in their habits, you will not forQgo the delight of study in the field. The knowledge gained by pictures will stand you in good snarl especially if you have noted careful! the silhoutte of dif- ferent species. But at a distance, color in the birds will often be scarcely distinguishable. For work in the ficld Peterson's Field Guide to the Birds is recommended. If possible take photographs. There appears to be no limit to what may be leamed about birds through back to Ontario country points from_ $7 50 to $8.50 or considerably better than prices obtaining at Toronto. Several loads of stockers were taken from Toronto for Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Recent quotations from St. Paul m1 medium to good cows The movement of stock 011 export to ilic United States during the week included 3,903 beef cattle, 330 dairy and 788 calves, making the totals to date this year 98,834 beef, 12,169 dairy and 65,933 calves. Exports in the corresponding per- iod of i939 were 158,082 beef, 10,- 697 dairy aiin 75,925 calves. Ex- ports from Octobcr 1st. to October 24th, under llie fourth quarterly quota, consisted of 10.550 beet cat- tle, compared with 17,281 in the same period last year A"."ci"ding to a rclo-zse by the Un- ited States flfieasury Department imparts oi calves into the U. S. from a1 countries from January 1st to October 12th, inclusive, totalled 911,616 head out of the annual quota of 100,000 at the reduced duty rate. Calves Mostly Steady Only one oi" two changes oc- curred in calf places. Toronto open- cd with best veals at $11 to $11.50 but had none above $11 at the close. Montreal paid around $11 for -good vcals with no tops on offer, ivliile Wlilnipcg was firm on lights 11L $8 to $9. The to“ of the Cal- gary, Prince Albert. Moose Jaw and Regina markets was $7.50, Edmon- ton $8.50, while Saskatoon was low- er at $7.50 making sales late last week up to $8. Good calves made $7.50 at Vancouver. Hogs Mostly Steady The basic price for hogs at To- ronto remained unchanged at $12 for B-l grade dressed, and a simi- lnr price was paid at lvfontreal. Winnipeg ruled mostly at $11.15 but closed weaker at. $11. Calgary was on a basis of $10.75 to $10.90. while Edmonton closed at $10.60 after making a high of $10.75} Prince Albert paid $10 75 to $10.80, Moose Jay $10.80, Regina $10.80 to $10 90 and Saskatoon advanced 20c to $11 on Tuesday". Lamb Market Unchanged ‘There ivas no change in lamb prices. Toronto paid $8.75 to $9 for good ewes and wcthers off trucks 11nd $9 to n 10p of $9 25 for rail deliveries. Montreal sold good lambs nt $9. Winnipeg up to $7.75. Cal- gary up to a top of $8.25, Edmon- ton and Vancouver $9, Prince A1- bert, and Saskatoon $7, Moose Jaw 1s and Regfna $1.50. POTATOES bulldlngn, contact with us at once. and accounts must be paid. purchased your fertilizer. gard others and see only yourself." i ATTENTIUN FARMERS NEAR GIIARLOTTETUWN Fertilizer accounts due us must be paid during November. There are growers ln this locality who have‘ not moved any Potatoes. I think you are making a mistake for the following reason: The sale of Seed and Table Stock to the American market is not more than a fifth of the usual amount at. this time of year. There are too many Potatoes In the United States. The movement of the Table Stock Potatoes to date has been heavy. but. there ls only one market of consequence, Ontario, and it won't take long to f!!! that province up. We are prepared to pay market price and haul your Potatoes, Seed or Table Stock, with our trucks from your farm, either graded or un- grudcrl, it is easy for us to place them now. If your supplies are in out- We have a splendid outlet for large qusntit‘ and do not overlook the fact that your accounts are about due. If you wish to speculate and store your crop, that. is your affair, but the notes For the next ten days we are open to purchase Potatoes and Tur- nipa from ah growers near Charlottetown, irrespective of when you FRANK R. ULARKE l field observation. Observations by careful and accurate amateurs are the foundation of field ornithology. Write an essay on your field ex- periences. ’ TOPIC II THE CROW IN RELATION TO WATERFOWL Propaganda against the Crow has been skilfully fostered, so that many nature lovers believe that the crow is generaiy harmful. Compare the propaganda of the commercial in- terests who seek a larger sale of guns and ammunition with the find- ings of biologists. The "Rod and Gun" coloumns of daily newspapers are rich with anti-Crow material See also Outdoor Life and Field and Stream: Outdoor Life: 1933, May, October; 1934, March, May; 1935; February: Field and Stream: I933. July; i934, January, April; 1935, March, July, flovember. Write an essay showing where the writers in magazines and newspap- ers are right or wrong in their state- ments about the Crow. TOPZC III LEAD-POISONING . lead-poisoning is the most wide- spread and important cause of wat- erfowl mortality, next the di- rect kill of hunters. Find out how many shot are con- tained in shot guns shells of two or three different sizes. Note that the size of the shot makes a great difference in the number. Estimate how many shot will have fallen in one year into a duck lake on which twenty hunters shoot fifty shells a day. three days each week for six week. If the lake is 160 acres, how many shot have fallen per square yard? Write to the U. S. Biological Survey. Washington, D. C., and ask how many gunners during the past season shot in each of the “sanctuarles" in which public shooting-grounds are included. As- certain the acreage of water over which the shooting takes place. Estimate the number of shot fai- len in one or more of these “sanctuziries." If possible, talk to a civil en- gineer. about the possibilities of dredging in order to remove shot from the bottom of duck-shooting waters. Write an esay, telling your find- ings. What action should be taken by the Biological Survey to put an end to lead-poisoning of water- fowl? TOPIC IV. MIGRATORY BIRD TREATIES WITH CANADA AND WITII MEXICO Compare tire two treaties. (See: Text of federal laws relaling to the protection of wild life: U. S De- partment of Agriculture, Washing- ton, D C.) In what respects docs one treaty give better protection to migratory birds than the other? Does the treaty with Mexico reflect the advance of public opinion. par- ticularly with regard to the re- storation of the waterfowl, which has been made in the twenty years elapsed between the writing of the Canadian and the Mexican treaties? I-Iow may the Mexican treaty be improved and extended? If a treaty were proposal with some nation to the south of the U. 5., what provisions would you wish to see included? Discuss whether the terms of a treaty affecting wild life, the pro- perty of all citizens, sjuld be kept secret until after ratiiicntion. Who should be consulted regarding the terms of a migratory bird treaty- sportsmen? conservationists? biol- ogists? CLASS ASSIGNMENTS For Younger Students l. Chart I. Rule e. sheet of pap- er into three columns. Head the columns: "Predators." "Other Causes." "Hunting." Under "Preda- tors." list any and all birds and animals that prey on waterfowl Under "Other Causes" 1m such things as drought, disease, etc. Un- der “Hunting," list all the means that have aided man in hunting. Make a note in this column of the number of waterfowl hunters before TURNIPS of Turnips weekly. TIMELY NOTES ON TOPICS CONNECTED WITH Silver Fox Farming ¢| Two weeks from Monday —Nov. lBti1—-w1.._1 be the opening date for the Provincial _Fox Show at the B1- hibltion grounds, Charlottetown. All! entries must be in the show room by 3 p.m.,_Monda' afternoon. All‘ Monday will be evoted to classi- flcation and the committee consist- ing of Parvin Cass and John Jack.1 Summersidc. and Douglas Bell, of) Cape ‘Traverse, will be on hand shortly’ after ninc dcluck and W11 continue throughout the day at their very particular and exacting task. Judging will commence at 11.11101 dcloclt Tuesday morning, Nov. 9th.} There will be 20 classes for regis.‘ tered foxes. The yraiilliu, class 1111s been cutout, and instead of having six sections there will be four, one for adult males, one for adult ic- males, one for male pups and one for female alps. with five colorlngs. There v.1!!! eight classes for non- registered foxes, adults and pilpa. and a number of classes for 1111: new types, adults and pups. ring necks, llilhllic fat-cs, near llfllilhdlllS and T . L . d u l, , . mink .k . g g and platinums, with a novelty class durmzollgnpailgn uguuxm: em ’ mu’ “u” ‘m Gemtie. to Montreal of meeting Donmnechel belt market prices paid. at- eir l_L-52-i1-2—6d. ev W Y" for other kinds of freaks. A. Callbeck will judge the classes. E By all means make up your_ mind‘ to attend this show because it wi be not only interesting but educaf tional. The entiy 11st is expcctctl. a very large prize list, so if you have‘ the drastic reductions 1n bag-lim- its and seasons went into clicci. 2. Chart 2. Rule a shccl. 11f paper into three columns, and list: "Predators that have iiicicoscd in the last fifty years"; "Predators that have possibly held their own in the last fifty years"; “Predators have been gi-cally reduced in the last fifty years." Think carc- fully of each animal before decid- ing whether it. has decreased or not during the last fifty years .If pos- sible, verify your conclusions from magazine articles, and by talking with your family and friends. Arc there 21s many prcciators left to- day as fifty years ago’? W113’? 3. Write a short history of crow- killing campaigns. When and Why were they started? Who sponsors them? Why has the government re- fused to aid in crow and magpie control ivork? 4. Study Column 2 of Chart 1. For which of these causes has man been chiefly responsible? Which do you think takes a greater toll 0f life, those in Column I, or in Col- umn 2? State why you mink 50. 5. Study Column 3 of Chart l. What was the increase in hunters between 1911 and 1928? What 1vr1s the increase in the number of duck hunters between 1934 and 193B? What aids do hunters have to-day that. they did not. have 20 rears use? What devices whereby‘ the liunlcrs took ducks 111 the pas‘. are 110w for- bidden by the government? Why were they forbidden? 6. What percentage of waterfowl are crippled and lost? If predators cat the cripples, should the preda- :ors or the hunters be blamed for the loss? What are tho 1i tings of trained field men rcgnixiiilg: the condition of ducks often eaten by predators? 7. Comparing Columns l and 3 with Column 3 of Chart, 1, what factor do you believe has been most destructive to our waterfowl? What are the three main causes of the shortage of watcrfnvvl, according to government officials? Which of the three do you think is the greatest? Why? 8. From class discussion and from the dictionary. tell 1n your own words what the word sport means to you. What does sports- man mean? Many hunters claiming to be good sportsmen come under headings listed below. Tell 1n your own words whether you think the prac- tices listed are good sportsmanship: and tcll why you think as you do. A The hunter who kills more birds than he can eat. so lets the birds spoil, or throws them away. B The hunter who goes out with others, gets his limit before the rest, keeps shooting. and gives what lie shoots to the others until all have their limit C. The hunter who cannot identify the birds, but shoots what- ever he eari, hoping they are not protected. D. The hunter who has rmly one or two more birds to complete his limit. and then shoots into a flock of ducks, perhaps bringing down four or five. E. The hunter who shoots into a flying flock which he knows is out of range, hoping he may be "lucky enough" to drop one bird F. The hunter who shoots at birds that he cannot retrieve. hoping Pie wind or current will bring the ‘lead ashore. O. The hunter who wastes no time hunting for cripples. fearing he will lose 11 good shot. and so gets his birds more easily. Write a code by which a hunter could be measured 1o prove wac- ther he is, or is not, a good stiorts- man. 9. What is baiting? What arethe arguments in favor of baring? What are the evils of Dfllflllil? W111‘ did the government stop 11111111111? What are "rest days"? What are the aruizmcnts in favor of rest days? What arc the evils of rest days? Check through the smriinr! magazines. and sec if FHFTT-lllful were satisfied with the 1034 sea- son. What. were the ooyecii. 11s to the "staggered seasmi“? l0. Why did so many hunters change from the use of the old wooden decoys to the use of 111-o decoys? Dces thr- httnter 11110 baits and uses live decoys flt into 1on1 definition of a sportsman? \Vl1_v. or why not? ll. Give a short review o‘ water- fowl proiectlon. Ilns this protcc- lion been adequate to save the birds? What faults do you find with past protection? How do you believe such faults may be remed- ed? l2 If the saving of lhe wafer- fnwl ivcr." left entircly" 11p to you. what methods would you use to save the birds? a good fox in any of the categories bring it 1n. In last week's notes we mention- ed that we did not believe it would be wise to start pelting before N0- vember 15th. We must reverse our- selves to some extent, because we have found in going over our ov1"n iuxes that some of the adults that were a bit greedy, have arrived at or near the pelllllg stage. but 111a tnayority will not be rezuiy until af- ter the 20th of November. This season of course, has been l. very favorable one for the development of fur because the cool nights start- ed in August, and there has been no warm spell such as usually characterized other falls. Most cl the foxes we have examined show, 11. good fui" development WlIlCh has improved particularly during the last three weeks. , .____ 1 Alfred McNeil], of Well. McNc-ill &. Son, returned the other evening from a business trip wMontrcal and wife. She was wear n. 1 mum fox coat, and. nature ly talk centred on the platlnums. _ were greatly interested to learn that M1". McNeil! and his dad are raising _ _ this type 01 animal in Soutlipoim. . . I 4 to be a large one, but tlicre is aso, They “fire unaware m“ pyatjnumslilsazi ca“ “U,” “WW H could be procurable ezocept from NOTWSY. 1 Had l nice chat with Peter O. Clark, manager of the Prince Ed- \1"111't1 Island Fur Pool, at the alr- port the other day. Mr. Clark made us feel real good when he mention- ed the prices received from recent sales in London, and also stated that the dark skins were in good demand, with three-quarters mov- mg irccly‘. Yesterday afternoon we 11111! a telephone call from Mr. Clark. and he read the contents of the cable. which follows. from Lon- don. dated October 31st: "Market continues active with buyers inter- ested 1n all grades and levels. We lmve snlcl this wreck 7113 pelts. 'I‘l'1is does nm. include 300 which we sold last. week. We can secure a price of £8 5s (equal to about $36.55) 11p‘ a case of yours containing 100 pelts." Mr. Clark's orgariizationhumade a pelt survey of the Maritime: and his considered opinion is that Prince Edward Island. fox ranchers wil not pelt more than 25,000 foxes this season. That is less than half o1 last season's pelt crop. Nova Scotia will only have half a crop and New Brunswick will be in the same boat. All over Canada it is the same story —fewer pelts for 194i. The above should be heartening news to everyone engaged in fox farming. We have had vwo tough years. one particularly bitter one .ast season. but we are confident that this year if we maintain our poise 11nd do not become stampeded and accept the first offers that come ,:1l0ng, we should come out with a profit. Our ranchers must know that it is the early sales that fix the prices, and 1f buyers find they can get pelts for very little money the news quickly travels, and that becomes the standard D1109.‘ With the facilities that are oiiermg 1n regard to advances, and the fact that we have every prospect of _I. tremendous circulation 0i money 1n the United States and Canada in 194i, it is to the advantage of every- one to keep prices up. Ranchers will make more money, buyers will make more money and retailers will make more money. when good prices prevail. We do not wish to info: that the buyers are out to do the rancher- nnthing of the kind. The buyer cre- ates a healthy interest. in our mar- kct and without his acluxitv SHI‘B would not be so bYlSk. His D1199! are fixed by the Montreal market for Canada and ._tl1e New York market for the United States. and these prices in turn are fixed by what the buyers pav the ranchers. The 1.ords unscrupillons and such lcrms should not be applied to btl_\'— crs who come hcrc. As a mutt?!‘ (I fact. the writer knows that turn over pelts at as little as t) dollar apiece, and very often turn them over at a loss. Some 01919") have been coming here for years. They- were with 11s in our g _ ‘ when high avcrflflf‘. DYKTF (“filmy and no doubt thcv made far more n1oney' on one pclt than they" 11011. on four or five today. United Fur Brokers. 1n a IBt-iffw shippers, 1vhich is vqtloted in’f\lll ll‘! Womeifs Wear Daily. Nciv ‘iorkfvxn Thursday. October 24th, hays‘ the .11. lowing to‘ sat" 1'(“.1ill‘flln2 51-)" F"?- “’I‘his article- has sold well throne 1- out the summer 11nd fall. anchhere are only small sllplllli’! 0" mmd ‘t’ present. First receipts will be D good demand at prices about 25 ‘w! cent higher than last year at he start." Canada's tn;- production for 193B- 1111111 showed an 11 1r" (""- lllfif“. ,- Ontario was M115 Wm,‘ $?-°38‘6°8' Quebec comes next with $2,230.28). New Bluiisivick, Alberta. Prince n 11 artl Island, North West Territories. ltfanltolan and British Columbia fall- low in the order named. each v1 "1 a value of over 51-000999- 5053M‘ cheivans product was Yfllllfld 11'- $9B3A47 and the Yukon Trrritory at $267,721. Thc total number of pelts of all kinds sold was 56.492.222- Mink production on farms reach- ed a 1111111 of 220.1159 mils. valued i" $2.l00,000. Silver fox. which isal- mosl entirely n product 0f the N!‘ farms. 1111s first place in value of 1111 tnrs. It “'11s followed by mink. while nniskrnl is third 111 import- .11. . products “'11s greater than any pre- 1" us season, but the 911M880 D114‘? “'11s the lowcst in the hlstoryoftlie intlilstiy and the total value drop- ped to’ a liuurc below that of the preceding season The writer had a letter frum D1‘- J. A. Allen, who is in charge of the D1 sion of Animal science, Uni- vc. 1y of Manitoba. Winnipeg, in which he expressed the deepest re- gret in the passing 0f . W95 Burkc.. "As you know." writes tile Doctor. "Fred and I were closely”- sociaied iii the pioneer days of fur animal research. He was my first and most conselcntiotis assistant in ‘this branch or endeavor. But- he wns more than that. He was atricd and trusted companion. 111th a na- Tiic numlwr of silvcl" fox. PIILVEWX Actually kills all ma; instead" of merely siupefying them. 1x11111311 mos- ' Full,‘ ' - 11111111111121),- O 0111'" PULVEX 1 " HIIIW:I:‘: . vSecgfiéEfrdclfu§ 01111111111111 co-orrnilrlvk f. - wool onownis 1111mm °~*~=:.11:mascot 111w runs“ The scuson is open on silvrr fox, , _ 11.x. §A\|lAAk\' lropcr Vllltlilliufls given and J D. JENKINS. tive ability and kcl-n l; 110i ' concludes with deepest s; :1 .. Mr. Burke: wioow and lain y. "The October issue of the Cana- ldiaii Sllvtr lkx 111211 r11; 1W3 10181.11 most a1‘. 1,111.1; c111 |CO\'(‘l' l5 t! llliisltfjhtiu (11 1.11 "Bffllmvfs art. with photo eng... n; it)! NOFWCQIQII pizitiiiiuii 10.x 141's £11.. "actively displayed. 'I‘.'1cy arc really l . 1beautifu1 if a trifle exotic, and that ylatter quality may 1115,0111 11 1 nude distribution. It_ sccnis lo 1~ c .1'1":11r ‘that viewing v tncsc i.»~'-:.11t..11. 111:5 that they will not suit as 111 v types of feminuic faces as s1. I d0 with their WlGI-t variety of color- ings. However, the future will tell, _I.!1I£l'5]’)(‘.l’S€d Illfhllgh thg nmga. zine are liluslrzillptzs <1 1:11".r...s white face or ]l.'.ii.!l'.illl 110.11., .1111] among the at111-11._.1111-.-i1ts .1» 111.15 C. C. olmans, J 'i‘:".o1ii;)s2n. Mcllquham 8r McGlll. sncivziig 1.11 male purchased from Wei“ @559 351111511’ and one of inum pups, Ruuhveii 1'11. Forest Fur l-‘nrnls, lli . .. y Cflmllmuy. Dr. R. 11, Xlxziucuiald with a page ad sliulviiig some of i118 best platinums and winte- faces. There an also gOl/Ogfilplls with GQOYZU A. Cflllbec . Dar. .\1cl~‘a.rla.n0 and} Dr. A- K. Canieiozi holding platinums at Dr. hlacljlonaldb ranch. There is also a vex}; fine tribute to W. Fred Burke, IIUVLJL. ' Pox Fieldman. The commend-dine "words in theppenlng are: or. 0f inc fin- est citizens of Prince (iVvgfd Island died at Cllfli'10‘l<'Z()\\'!‘-. 28th. It was \\ most llkcabit: - . name even oeioiiu ' zgth and breadth of his lsldi llomc 111-tok- ened appreciation and respect.“ ember kc. a very o.’ Canada October numbtr. l5 n. very fine fox pilblicaitltiii, 1 1111:1111"- orably with 1.it- b1-~' .1111 1n the United Siaitw . nus a 111111.111: of interesting n1 ‘ ‘o. 111cm. its pages with an atria article by C C, Holman, eiilitied, "Practi- cal Platinum In " "e 1| ,1."1lso a good. 111111 llodg- .5011, entitled, "\\ l .1 l..111'0r- from which two oi the p ioxcs recently" iniporleci to side came from. On page l4 is l. very attractive ed 111;" 111111111 Rey- mond's foxes. oiicriii; tor slilc 130 platinum and white ‘ ’ nigh q11a.1l_1". 'l‘l11~. \ :1: the, 1iroge11y' oi 11:11 .11. 11111115 among which the 11 ll 1111a latiniuil maze =1.» who tale 19 .duced Bipups o1 111 lilllm flflfl IA llit‘ .1 malcd 21 Iflllflns’ 111111 p110- x143 are plat,- ti: ‘nmig r tziiic tun: clean. If 1.11131 111:1: their tip. .. turning loo llllltil or1 _\' 1.1‘. 1111.11 bones 1-1111-1- .1111‘. ' 1 1111c tllt‘1li.\t'.\( s. 1111s by tlic use of 1).. - the feed it you arc 1:1». .t0c.s 0r any nCiti 10,41: . can get some (tunnel s subs. or 1vhat l5 1101111111 1,1i:..\11 11~ salts, 111111 1m .- ~ la-‘W -" l)l‘li])c‘l'llt 1 lor folu" :o.\1.~ ior three 11.1 . nights and cutting down “ll-v ing this prep-alumni vW-l “U CW" 111p biting DIUVldlllg the 111111-11.» not tan insect or lluis. 1111.111 1S 11')‘. 115d- nlly the cine. We mentionctl 111.11 \‘< nggcsgary 11. was to cuiiill ling the foxes cvcii ' Iwcatllcr is licr . . lwnlvr your 10x15 become consllpau . twill quickly 111111111. \\ 1e10, ivatcli tlic 111\1.<‘ 1i. jscason 0f tlic year. 111.. ._ dencytogct, e11iis11p.i:e11 1". . piano’! other roughage and more 11~1:<1a.11es. lPlllllilYNillES (continued from page 1Q y sue l‘('.~l.~ with you. We cannot demand tlzai .l'o11 show. S0 now tilt‘. we can only pcnsxiudo you to. but do think how nccessar)’ it l‘ m keep gging, If 3-011 have 110i. al- ready sent in your entry's. (in 50 Rf once, bccausc etitrics closc Novem- ber 20th. Send a‘! cntrirnrto the manager, Charles Worth, 226 Great 000., St. City. No charge. or entrance fec. Classrs will be uro- vidcd fnr all brcctls. Prizes wi‘! be awarded and tlic birds will 1111's the best. of cnrc. A" potllfry raiser in P. ‘F. I is 11 1:- in- viierl to cxlillvil r1111! to ctvtnu and [attend our show. ;~_- 1". l