THE GUARDIAN Pubhluoo ovary Iottetown. P 'C-wen Prllu liver! lltbll LII: Editor and Muiuu. Inn A Burnett. Funk Walker Associate Editor. Branch otliru at summeuiue, Montague and mm at Second Clan MIII by Ibo Pail OHICI Deplrtme Ouuu. by Carri": Charlottetown. summcm when In P E I Ul5.0o per lnnum. nuke-J morning It ill Fmnn strut. can E. I.. by The Tholnlab Company Llmttea. 03.00. other Province: and U I A I12 III II: new" Alberton Authoi III. pct umurn Illn "The ntroruu.-st memory In weaker than the weakest Ink." THl.'RiSl)Al'. DEC. 2. 1954 Impact of A llational Policy Prince Edward Island would quarrel with the proposition that a national, policy aimed at keeping rail freight rates Fe iv in on ar.:riculturaI products as low is a sound one. There would tainty, however, if the effect of such a lia- tioiial policy were to favor one segment of the agricultural economy at the expense of Still graver would be the doubt another. if the effect of such a national in he widespread unemploymc sonal hardship. Such considerations are cogent for the widespread interest in tile Maritime llrovinces in the observations of Chief Just- ice Sloan, Federal Arbitrator ill the recent rail labor dispute, on the subject of Crows- nesl Pass grain rates. In his awar(I, Chief Justice that the railways are actually losing money in hauling grain, which accoun one-third of the total volume of rail freight , traffic, at statutory rates no higher today lie concludes that than in .lSl)9. deli of carrying grain at such depressed rates is falling, in gree, on the railways, the shippers consumers of higher-rated commodities, and upon l'ail employees, including the 20,000 railwaynien who have been laid off during the last year because of the stringency of rail finances. Tile Arbitrator, it is worth not attack the priilciple of low' on export grain movements by he deplores the effect upon other segments of the economy. if, as Chief Justice Sloan collsequential effects of that policy include the paying of a higher level of freight ratesl by the Maritime Provinces, protected by the 20 per cent differential of the Mari- time Freight Rates Act and not by an ab- solute ceiling such as exists in respect of, Prairie grain and grain products. than in. the name of economic commonsense, some-, assure thing ought to be done to equitable treatment of various areas in the country. as possible,l be less cer- the question: policy were China?" tit and per- reason with it lege." Sloan finds bating procedure. ts for about the hm, rection. abnormally varying de- and equal facility. Incredible Down in old Virginia members of the Roanoke College debating team have been considering for soilic time whether or not, they should take the affirmative side of; "Should the United Statesl recognize the Communist Government of: Dr. Sherman Oberly, President ofl the college, has now announced that, on his: advice, the students have decided to steer clear of the controversial question. it was felt that if they were to go ahead. ”many persons might stand and call for investigation of the col- able reports and forms which are inevitablet in any project that is State-controlled. On' the whole, however, they are reported to be ready to co-operate with State officials in trying to make it work satisfactorily.. ,The plan is certainly a comprehensive one i and it appears to be as free from complica- 'tions and ambiguities as it' was possible to 'make it. Doubtless, other ;which have been studying ways and means lof bringing in some sort of national health .. plan, without disturbing the lstructure too drastically, will be watching, the Swedish experiment with interest. t Governments normal tax He said misunder- . . . l 5 This, surely, is a new departure in de-, 1 It always has been un- whatsoever for their personal views. highest qualification any debater can pos- sess is the ability to take either side with derstood that taking one side or the other. in a debate on a controversial subject does not necessarily mean that a debaters per- sonal convictions follow that particular di- In fact, the usual custom has been to pick participants solely on the basis of' y l their critical ability, without any regard The At the present time recognition of the -Peiping regime is about the most forlorn noting, does freight rates , rail. Rather, finds, the ability? more agricultural l cause that could be sponsored by anyone in the United States; indeed, the Chinese Com- lmunists themselves appear to be doing ev- lerything possible to keep it from gaining any support. Nothing that the most tal- ented student debater could say in the af- firmative would be likely to have the sliglit- est quickening effect on a dead issue; but it is incredible that students should be de- nied the privilege of testing their debating skill by upholding a view which, in popular opinion. has nothing to commend it. How else can they learn to cultivate true critical l EDITORIAL NOTES The rise continues in American steel That sonwthlng. accolldlng to Chief Ju5l' l consumption, parallelirg the similar trend in ice, Sloan, is formthe 7Nationa'l irt-easui-ythis coiimry. including the Maritimes. om-ciTh.e Problem Of Sleep to shoulder the burden of maintaining low more 8,991 users find ma, it is not a Casc grain fl-eight rates. Such whether the subsidy liivolved western grain producers or to the railways,l makes far more sense than pe situation in which 20,000 rallWa.V 9mPl0.V('95 are jobless because of the indirect but con- sequential effects of the policy implicit in the Crowsnest Pass grain freight rates. New Health Plan Sweden has long been in t proposal. to the ,. , a is rpetuating a llnited States that of choosing but of securing steel. A New York patent attorney, describ- ing Canadian patent law as a compromise then in seven days tiiars ioii;- betwecn that of the Britain, recommends yshould adopt the simpler British law in order to reduce the long per- and this country procedures of iod of waiting for a patent to be granted. 0 l he forefront This year, since Christmas and New of European nations Wm, I-aspect to social Year's Day fall on Saturdays, Federal civil legislation. NOW, a ,.epO,., from gmckholmlservants will receive the preceeding tells about a new health plan that has been 8llCm00l'tS Off Wllll Day- introduced by the Labour-Agrarian Govern- D334 3 P1l0VlllCl?-l lwlldayv falls On 8 Sun- ment and ap its provisions every Swedish resident will be covered by health insurance from the first of next. year, regardless of age, physical condition, or economic status. ,-nut-so. be compulsory. f holiday. 0 0 Girl Guides can speak of ''our'' Friday Since Boxing p,.m.(,d hy mo Rjksdag. Under day, the following Monday will be a legal chalet In It wi11' oflswitzerland and will soon be able to speak The mm Cost fol-iioff "our Cabana" in Mexico. The second mp ms, War Wm be in me V,c',,,-My of g;140lworld centre for Guides will be built near million The State will bear 27'; of it andlC””"aVaCa- the balance will be assumed by the insured l 0V" the World WW9 9”.l0.V9d Wllll” '1” the Casesl and training at their chalet. persons and their employers. of self-employed persons or those whose in- comes are derived solely from 0 investments Establishment of an Since 1932 Guides from all sports international chil- provision is made for their assuming the drcnvs day has been app,.O,.Od by the Social payments Whl('l1. in 0lllt?1' CaS9S- are met byicommittce of the United Nations General Persons the employers. whose annual I Assembly. It would seem, however, that incomes are 33000 or less Will Pay aPPl'0X'.the committee was unable to reach agree- lm3l9l.V 1 W25? l0 llle lUlld- Those Wllo ment on a date for world-wide understand- Parn m0l'0 Wlll be Permitted l0 VRITY 3dd"ling amongst the rising generation, because tional protection. The benefits will be varied and wide- Public wards in Government-com trolled hospitals will be free, as will medi-t spread. cines in most cases. Patients or prefer private rooms will pay for them,l but at rates considerably lower than those. which have been in effect hitherto. pensation for loss of time, due to sickness, will be about -S300 a day up to two yearsl ' under the minimum income provision. i responding benefits will be available those whose incomes allow them to takel out the extra voluntary coverage. Patients. will pay the usual physician's these will be reimbursed by t teach country is left to choose its own date. who require . Com- for. the spicy details. l n l fees; he Canadians do not usually consider that lthelr diet is particularly highly spiced but we managed to make away with 2,380,000 ipounds of pepper last year, as well as sub- stantial quantities of ginger, cloves, meg, mace, tumeric, Cassia, allspice and paprika. The bi-monthly magazine of the Cm” I Department of Trade and Commerce has all nut- Hernando Cortes. conqueror of Mexico, hut'died in Seville this date 1547. He went to Govern-lstudy law at Salamanca, but a love of ad- ment to the extent of 750; up to a certain? venture caused him to sail with a relative ceiling. This will apply also in the case of who was governor of Hispaniola. dental and clinical care. with the birth of each child: either in the hospital or at home. phyllclans are not too happy plan; mainly, It is reported, because they He dis- . ltinguished himself in the conquest of Cuba A 530.00 bonus will be paid a motherland was chosen by Velasquez to command in addition an expedition into the interior of New Spain they will receive frie obstetrical attention (Mexico). His commission was revoked but Somethe refused to turn about thci due! the '.'-9t-'.E";."X 9.H.l.11i98 93" .!"1llP.1?:"'.lC9mma"d- ....j -e-tug. back and captured Montezuma by a trick. He practically sub- dued the country but was rellevgd of his -C-. 5933;. J ..,,...-. chec i i l l l '.-..-.-.s.1.. . . i A new circulation It-up please! W . COMW-'55r.l9,ll'i. V- at: .6 anti. . va., lfoeiil Gum BACK SOON I leave the door unlatched and hang a terse ”Back soon" upon the knob. Not meaning to Elude a visitor, and yet averse To measuring by a clock each thing I do. "Back soon" may mean before the mist has dried From meadows where at dawning sings the lark: Or in the fragrant dusk when fire- flics glide, Lighting the fields with iiltrrinit- tent spark. "Back soon” is noncemmittal as a star We call by name in its appointed placc: Were it to change its coiirsc and stray afar. No one would charge it with a lack of grace. Then think not ill of one whose strategy Avoids time limits on felicity. -Bettie Cassie Liddell in Chrlstiail Science Monitor. tBBC Talks! ”Whcn we come to add ll up. yynu know, we Sp?ll(.I so much of our lives in sleep that we may feel a little ashamed of ourselves. Sup- pose we sleep seven hours a night. nine hours and that again equals ,two whole days." said Professor Sit lGeo:ge Jefferson, CB.E., F.R.S talking in the BBC's General Ovc:- ,'seas Service. Some people thought this a waste of t;me and felt badly about it. but, said Sir Geoffrey. "What we leally ought to do is to feel extremely prcud of ourselves for having been awake for five iivhole days out of seven. So much ,have we changed since we were lbabits and were awake scarcely ihalf a day in all our seven days.' lPhysiol;gi:;ts, rlo:to.s and neurolo- ggzists today were much more in- ;iei'csted in the neurological mecha- nisms of awakening and rciriain- ing awake than in sleep alone for the investigation of arousal oi '1IYBI(Cl7lI'I2 controls had lR"plaCCf intcrcst in the no-called strep can trcs. When human beings spoke of lslcep they were usually thtnkin: labout iizsoninia and some of the lbcst rclcrenccs to sleep in litera- ltu.c referred to the lack of it. j'Pcrhaps if proplc had n-:t. brcn wanted by insomnia tllcrc woulr. have bern less poct.l'y," he said. . . . Sir Geoffrey listed the man) pliysiologwal cliangcs that ncrure' durinf: sleep. The general ln1p'.'rs- sion that pvople slept. "like lrvzs" was quite untrue and all P-OPS of little niovcmcnts were made qtlll” uncoiis:-louslyf during s'erp for It was uncomfortable to Ir in one positlnn for ally length nf linlr and the sleeper m-vcrl tn rctluzc pressure on n g.vcn point. Only during the first two hours dad peo- ple sloop really deeply and after- wards they were more easily mus- ed. Different times of year also affected the depth of sleep. and the early sunrise of summer, the noise of birds and animals or of people going to work all provided stimulation: that aroused people slightly or completely. People did not sleep so well in hot weather because they perspli-ed more freely and conditions were better for sleeping in winter. provided the bedroom was warm. Another tn- tcresting fact was that no one was at his but early in the morning. "Performance mt: show a rise in ability from 10.00 u.m. onwards. reaching I maximum about noon and commencing to fall about 3.00 or 4.00 pm. It these tests are to be believed. we are only at. the top of our form for I brief period of the twenty-four hours, though obviously we are expert enough ,for many hows t." he said. O I I l There was rt:.il.il controversy love: how IOIEE people should sleep but Iome people needed more sleep than others did and the body adopted the routtm that wu na- tural to It. Experiments had been made to find out. what happened If man were kept awake uttflctally for very long pei-toda. After thirty- nlx hour! subject: had to be con- stantly lupervised for they ex- I NOTES BY Hunger, says an expert, tends to make a motorist an unsafe driver, and the noon-time rush hour in Edmonton appears to confirm the Lheory. Britain and France are going In swap electricity through an under water cable duliiig peak periods. Like lzving by taking in l-ach olhor's washing. -St. Thomas Times- Journal. This nutumn's livestock shows emphasize that not only is there very lllllf! diyliglit showing under -Edmonton Journal. THE WAY I state." Indeed at the moment. wlthl a Book of the Month Club selec.-l tion to his credit. and a motion picture based on it coming up, he rates as Canada's top novelist. In achieving this eminence. he doubt- less repaid Canada, through income taxes. a substantial part of what,- cver it has spent in maintaining and guarding him to date. The in- come taxes on several hundred thousand dollars are no mean sum. Mr. Gouzenko did Canada a great service, whatever is spent in his behalf will not be begrudged. Butt it is better to see him making his ".1l'1(.I?2'n brcf cattle, but w;th ll bit of wc:lllir:'-Ktl'ippili;: there W”,-l" "5 ll" ccnalnll-V appcms 1” l-"3 wculdn't even be ta draft. :E:lmnn- g';tls'm Twmds" ar. ',-in Journal. Ottawa Journal: In a Toronto court. a mail of fifty-two years tried to argue that tllciity-eight convictions since he was sixteen did not m.lke him a h.ibitu:ll crim- inal. The judge held. however. that the accused had lost. his '.llll('tIClIl' status. - Saint John Telegraph. What happened to a parrot at it competition for lalkllit: birds in Barcelona, Spain. shouldn't hap- pen to any bird. He was dis- hoiiorably dismissed because in addition, toWtlic.;r.vei-1 pg; ope r lziiiguagcs iii whirli he is pro elcnt. he also is l)2'0fIt'lt'lll in an eidlltli -the protaiic. This seems to us a case of foisting the sins of the man onto the bird. Birds don't learn the hulnan llligliagc from other birds; they learn it from men. And- it isn't C(15), if it is p()S.;.'IlJlC, for even it wise old bird to d:scerii proper from improper 1;uigtie.gc.-- Windsor Stir. Out. In Kansas (lily. a young mothc: died from injuries suffered l ' fur-,c.ir-old son ul- , .eileIilicmlti'iy.:':i' lot a loaded i')iflcIl5' 6ds'Vclh'ldl'c" M" Wlccr" .nfi the bullet. struck hcr in the. ”"iR”53 ucamllev N9V- ,7: 1341- ,tDioramn is thus defined in :a:l;. she was.in the kitchen of her ioinr. p:'cpa:il:,: the Thaiiksglving iiliiicr at tile timc. Such a tragedy as this could be avoided if people :nly learned that loaded firearms .2iould not he kept in the home. ind csp.c.ally within lcach nf ir- 'CSpt)llSll)I0 pcaplc. Ccrtaiiily the .-oung child calinot be held respons- Lilc. An accident like this can o.cur Again and again unlcss pcglpie arc ncrc careful. -Qucbcr Chron- f"lr-'I"fICE:i'11)Il. A man drove into in filling xta- .1un to hwvc a tire repaired. After it! had driven away and gone a hurt piece down the road, lie-licard I. noise and pulled to the shoulder o lnvestigntc. He fnurd that the t.:tirin at eii:i.tnt had failed to re- ilacc the lu;,-s mid that the wheel 2':-s about to mine nil On one side if the road tans a tall wire fence which Cll0l'tSC(I an irsanc nsyluni. On the nthcr side it and ilo sign of I'.'1l)IiC i motorist cnntenipfatcd his pI'”di('fl- llf'llI. an ivunatn r-vllrvl through thr r'-:.'lum fcilcc, "uhv r!nn't you take me ill; from each at the other 2"IlCf'l2 and be on )f7lll' way?" The notoltst first lrokcrl surprised. theri "elicved: than a little (lI”l.1!lril1".'l "Don't. feel bad about it," said the 'cllow ecrnss the fence. "I'm in lierc because I'm crazy, not stupid!" -Atlanta Cnnstltutlnn. Word that Igor (iuuzcnkn In working on his srcn:id novel is im- athrr reminder that this nlnn who bxposed the Soviet spy ring in Canada in 1945 hrs no intention to remain a virtual "ward of the pcrlenced an almost. irresistible tendency for the lids to droop and close. "Now do we sleep bcsausc here are sleep centres in the brain which are stimulated by the waste products of our normal daily ficti- vltiea? On the whole the evidence .5 against. it." said Sir Geoffrey. Healthy exercise was conductive to sleep but. over-fatigue was alien to it. Scientists now believed that there were arousal areas in the brain stem and base of the brain and that these stimulated the mil- lion: of nerve cells in the brain, the arousal c '2 n tr e s themselves having been tuned up by the ar- rival of messages from eyes. rat"! and other senses. It. was probable that those arousal centres fired and then, when the brain was no Zonur alert. blessed sleep stole over it. "That sleep." bald Profu- sor Jefferson. "that Shakespeare culled 'Bn1m of hurt. mlndu, great natural; uerond course, chief nour- lane: in life's fensl.."'H, Old Charlottetown and P. I. I. l l MOVING momma "Thc celebrated Moving Diorama, lftolll Spring Gardens. London, which has attracted so much at.- tcntloii iill(.Ll'Ct,'CIVed so many flat- tering notices from the London press. was exhibited last evening and HWIII be continued for a few -cvciiaigs. at Mr. Cantello's large building. Market Square. The views l'Cpl'CSPlll. Captain Parry and Hoop- nrrs last voyage to the Arctic or Frozen Regions. the Storming of Sciwngapntani, and the Battle of Trafalgar, with the Death of Lord Nelson on the Ship Victory. Aa nothing of the kind has eve: been seen here before, we have not the least doubt that the public will gen- erally avail themselves of this op- portunity of visiting so novel a scene. Admlttan:-c, boxes 35.. gallery Webster's Dictionary: "A mode of scenic represenation. invented by Daguei-re and Bouton, In which at painting (partly translucent! is seen from a distance through an opening. By a combination of trans- lucciit and opaque painting, and of transniittcd and reflected light, and by contrtvan;-es such as screen: and shutters, much diversity of scenic effect is produced." It was thus the I0lTl”lll'lncf' of our modern Ytntel-ii slides and motion pictures I The Passing Scene I: Ohu-var NEWFOUNDLAND PLAN M in well known. ClDldl'I new- est. Province at the present. time In in a stage of great tnduatrlll expulsion and of an-cncthenln: through scientific methods of the fishing industry which has been its mainstay for three centuries. It. is pleasing to note that, while all thus is going on. education is being given very vigorous attention. And this. not only for its usual cultural benefits. but as an aid to scientific conduct of the fisheries and other Industries. Fitttngly enough, the fresh em- phasis on the place of education in any free society. regardless of the nature of its economy, is being sponsored and carried forward by the Memorial University at St. .7ohi1'a.. This Institution received its charter shortly after the Island became a Province of Canada. For twenty-ftve years or so before that it had been known as Memorial college with standing similar to our Prince of Wales. Thus far arts, science. and edu- cation are the departments in which degrees are granted; other departments such as law, medicine. engineering and dentistry, will have to await. further developments. At present three years in these stud- ics can be completed. . . . Dr. Raymond Gushue, the Presi- dent. of Memorial, is a native of Newfoundland, an accomplished scholar, a well known lawyer, and one time head of the Newfound- land Fisheries Research Council. He is well qualified to direct. the work of the university in the dir- action of Newfound1and's industrial and fisheries expansion, for he knows a good deal of the many sided factors which are Involved. Encouragement is being given to the university's faculty--which Includes eminent. educator: and research scientists from many countries to engage in research in connection with the island! nat- ural resources. Already, so reports say, several works are under way. One, extremely important, though it may not seem so at first glance. has to do with wood bark in which there is much wastage through various mill operations. The scient- ists are trying to see if it. can be used, economically, in some WW- Another is centered on the ef- fect of drying conditions on fish muscle. In itself a small matter. surekv. but. in the whole picture of the fishing business, worth hund- reds of millions of dollars annually. it has importance. Other scientific teams, specialists in social sciences. are working on research into the island's history: Dr. Gushue's main conccrn, how- ever, is to use the unlvcrsltyts fac- ilities to broaden scientific know- ledge of every angle of the country: fisheries. "Newfoundland". said Dr. Gushuc recently, "Ls situated. in the centre of the greatest fishing banks in the world. Fishing plays a larger part. in its economy than in most other countries. The Fish- eries Research Board of Canada has a research station in St. Johns. We'pro'pose' to integrate " the re- sources of this station wttli that of the university In providing the course. Through such :1 course we use '4 'l'lIo.Guardian Ti-Lin out make u. contribution to flsh oi-tu knowledge in the Nam, Amerlun u-es which I think can- not be duplicated elsewhere." "We have planned". he contlnuea And have under discussion with tn.-,' Fisheries Research Board a you of subjects wlth their base in tn: humanities, then branching oft lmo science. with the emphasis on biology and oceanography. Tim M” lead to 1 degree in science. Which will be of Interest to UXIIVBISIIIC5 and others in both Canada and the United States." 0 0 I Another field in which the uiil. veraity hopes to be of service 1, that of extension courses. This was decided upon after a report had been submitted by Dr. Raymond Miller of the Harvard UnIVel'5.ll,y Graduate school who had mad. an exhaustive study of the pc5. stbtlitles. Dr. Miller's recommend- ations were made In what he call- ed a "Newfoundland Plan". Briefly, the Plan calls for 00-013. oration between the university and the Newfoundland Federation of Fishermen and the establishment of agricultural sub-committees in tile fishing areas. Extension Courses will be carried into every nook and corner of the Province and villi Include instruction in fish problem; home ecoi-iomlcs. youth work. tom: munlty planning. mechanics, agrl. culture, credit. and almost eterv. thing else in the calendar of use. ful subjects. The Youth Program is to be glv. en special attention. "You can use your youth”. wrote Dr. Miller In his report, "to build the new New. foundland. Wltli proper leader-,.,,5,, this department will probably tut. strip all the others in valu' itlld recognition." Certainly, Dr. Gushue Rllti ll.s colleagues have established nil am. bltloua and comprehensive pro;:;tm, They will have the good isim of all who are Interested In .sr'c.iiz the development of lndustrr ml the extrusion of education goililiid in hand. The Age Old Story Hen ye the word of the Lord. 0 house of Jacob. and all the families of the house of Israel: thus saith the Lord. What. InIquIt.y havr your fnthern found In me, that tlin are gone far from me. and have walk- ed after vanity. and are became vain? PICK TOP CHEESE-M.4Kl:'lt BELLEVILLE, Ont. (CF)-Vt .- Aickcii of Belton, 0nt., was mlncil grand champion cheese-makcr lit the British Empire dairy show Tuesday. The reserve CIl3mll10h- ship went to H. D. Montgomery of Monkland, Ont., for the second higil csf. scoring cheese. UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. lAPi-- The Western big three and India wertrrepnrted bogged down Tucs- day in their attempt to agrrc mi :1 joint course of action in vlir Korean deadlock. FRIDAY. DEC. P.E.l. HEREFORD BREEDERS Assoclnloll ANNUAL MEETING Farmers Hull ion.-. Richmond Street Full attendance required 3-2:30 P. M. AN ; throughout I955. Contractors. rush is upon us. tractor. ciatod. 1855 CHARLOTTETOWN CENTENNIAL 1955 INVITATION TO OUR CITIZENS T0 0 LICNT IIP FCII CENTENNIAL YEAII ' With January lst set for the Official Opening of Charlotte- town's Centennial Celebration all merchants and citizens are urgecl to co-operate in the lighting up of our City through special plan- ; ned street lighting in the business area and by extra special Christ- l mas lighting of their homes. all of which we urge you to leave up Up-town merchants will be contacted regarding participation in decorative street lighting being planned by our local Electrical It is hoped that many of our private citizens will make an ex- tra effort to light up their homes for the Holiday Season and fl"? ensuing Centennial Year. Arrangements have be 0 n made for special lighting of CllY Hall and many of our Churches and other Public Buildings. As Christmas is only about three weeks away if is respectful Iy suggested that the lime to light up is now before the Christmas For suaoestions, costs. ofc., contact your local Electrical C0"' Your support and co-operation in providing for the Festive lighting of our City for its l00th Anniversary will be greatly apPf9' Charlottetown Centennial Commitl99- 441 .,.l