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` FEBRUARY 22,1919 ` ' , _ ' _ _ H __ _
 __   _ __ _ __ . , _ _ , __ . , ,_ _
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..._ f - _ BE G‘lAR.l.»0'fTETf\wN t u/\s._i»\\' _ _ PAGE NINE
 
_  1 Ac;Azll\lE -  -» Guasptl/any 
t/
wan slstcgll units
FARMERS MUST ALWAYS BE ON
TIIE ALERT.
.lownnd Pei-nlcions Plants Are Intro-
_  In lang Ways and rheu-
- usielrence Should Be Noted at
Once-_»-_-_Important Point Regard.
ill ‘Control Is to Destroy All
W0!! Before They Have Gained
lmdway.
No matter how careful a mah may
bein preventing weeds from going
to seed on his land, most of his work
will ‘be for nothing if he permits
seeds to be constantly brought to his
farm from the outside. Another im-
portant point regarding weed control
is to destroy pernicious weeds before
they have gained suihcieat headway
to do serious damage, Farmers
should ever be on the alert for the
appearance of new weeds which are
being introduced and for old weeds
which are developing noxious
tendencies. When a plant shows
any tendency toward becoming it
troublesome weed it should be called
to the attention of _someone in auth-
ority and every effort made to keep
it under control. _
Weeds may be brought to the farm
in various ways. The principal source
of introduction is through seeds.
Many of the purchased graiu.
clover and grass seeds contain weed
seeds as impurities, How can the
farmer purchase clean seed? in no
'permanent way will the quality of
seed offered for sale be greatly im-
proved except by- greater knowledge
and alertness on the part of the con-
sumer. First, the farmer should know
what constitutes good seed; second,
he should know fairly closely _what
high-grade seed is worth; and, third,
he should be willing to pay a fair
price for it.. Laxity on one or more
-;,T. fy-
\‘ *_-'
(El _' _'M
_ ‘I yi( 
_ , \,~
_f
`I“
,agp-
v ~ - ‘r
A __ i 4,1. '~ -~
__
mddddllil
Oliarseterlstle Root Growth of Canada
Thistle, a Permanent weed.
of these points is responsible for
m_ost of the fsrmer’s trouble over
poor aebds. Seedsmen say that they
are forced to carry poor seeds in
stock because many farmers will not
pay for the better grades. Cheap
seedsasre really; the most expensive
kind that can be purchased. ‘ _
in improving his knowledge of
what constitutes good seeds, the
farmer will find the advice of the
agricultural experiment stations oi
great' assistance. These institutions
gladly test samples of seeds for farm-
ers free of charge. That test will
show whether there are any weed
seeds or other impurities present and
the percentage of germination of the
crop seed. In purchasing seed of
alfalfa and clover the most Important
point to consider is the presence of
dodder seed. Clover seed should also
be examined for seeds of the plan-
tains.
‘Some kinds of stock feed are free
of weed seeds, while otbers.are not.
Cotlouseed meal, oil meal, brewers'
and distillers' grains, corn bran, _mid-
dlings and the gluten feeds are prac-
tically fl'ee` of weed seeds; but mo-
lasses feeds, oat chop, wheat bran
and the mixed feeds are apt to con-
tain more or less seeds of various
weeds. This is especially true of that
class of mixed feeds made from mill
ily-products, for the reason that such
by-products are partly composed of
screenings. These screenings contain
weed seeds resulting from the clean-
ing of grain. Some ilrms grind or
heat the screenings that go into mix-
ed feeds, and in such cases the per-
centage of live weed seed is very low.
_ Nearly all purchased manure is full
of weed leeds. If it is hauled to the
farm when fresh many thousands of
weed seeds are introduced. so that_
the farmer is storing up future trou-
ble for himself. As this manure us-
itllly hal lo be removed from the
town in the fresh state, the only
chance \to compost it lu order to
mike the weed seeds roi_ is after it
riches the farm. lt has been found
thot the weed seeds in manure plies
rot quickly. under ordinary condi-
tions. so that practically all of them,
have lost their vitality in two months.
Whether the farmer. should <‘0i11ii0ii'
city manure by leaving ll in plies
after he has drawn it to his farm is
questionable.
_i
 __
_ _Dairy Cow ls Economical.
_Two facts stand ont. prominently
as reasons forlthe increased produc-
lids and use oi milk., »’l`h‘_~ iiriii ll
that milkha :purchased on the mar-
ket usually’eupplies food material
together with the growth-producing
elements, more economically than
either nicht or_egga. The second rea-
son is t,hat,the dairy cow is the most
eoonomicai producer of animal food.
Ogle great law ol food conservation
l,llto lurn',lhedlhle~feeds into edible
foods is the cheapest lwssibiii “illi-
i_li`i‘_ The dairy cow will utilise coarse
materials, ihedihle io humans-such
9 grass, cornslaiks and hay -- Iii!!
_ ill turn them late milk. other farm
:rituals al¢o‘sre converters of coarse _
ushers into eclhie foods. but are
not so eE 'lout as the dairy cow.
Less Hens In Holland. _
According to Government iltured
the number of he in Holland has
llsreesed from $330,000 to 8.000.-
0 0 in _two years. I
the neu.
_.'.ili‘.i‘.llf
' porrt
aotd ooali at Bee Der lb 'Fha grills
Proper Care Wm pmauce vu.,
Satisfactory Rem|¢_¢_ `
A hw iuvins 200 em in il real- is ‘
not at all unusual. A four-pound hen
lnllng this number will produce 5|;
3\";°“:l;‘le'_' V°_i¥hi ill 088s. To do this
of _ d legit re from 70 to 80 pounds _
__ _ ee _ or economical production ‘
B “°°°““"Y1 (1) that the food be '
lir0lierly selected. (2) that it be fed
iii ii0i’i'9°i Proportion and in a Judi.
cious manner in order that her dlges- I
five organs may be kept in good
condition. (fl-l that she be fed enough
“° tha' *|19 has lilélily of surplus for b
ogg production. _ c
The problems of poultry feeding D
i`€fliili‘€ 80011 Judgment and keen ob- ll
servailon. Hens led lor egg proline- t
tion should have foods high in the f
food elements which are found in H1
eggs. 'fllose fed in the fattening pens s
should _have the foods which most '-
economically Produce fat. The best l
ration, then. is ilu- one which sup- h
plies most economically thc food re- f.
ilulrements of the bird for the pur- 8
pose for which il is kept. d
it should be remembered that one a
_of the principles of poultry feeding ll
is that the lien cannot do well, if fed 11
does a ration of grain fail iu furnish ti
the proper food nutrients. but such u. h
ration is difficult for the bird to di- a
Kell properly. 'i‘he great fault with
the farmer in his poultry feeding is h
that he attempts to feed a whole o
_grain at ibut. Such a ration results a
in poor cgi: produclion and also
causes digestive disortlers and liver
and kidney troubles. Complaints of
this kind frequently come to _the
Department of f'o'ultr_v Husbandry
and u. suggested change in the ration
has usually resulled in the elimina-
tion of the trouble. lliiicient diges-
tion demunds a coiublnatlon oi' whole
and ground grains. A ration should
consist of grains and ground feeds.
(lenerally speaking, twice as much
i grain should be consumed as ground
feed. This depends, of course, upon
the nature of the foods fed. f
A good ration for ogg production,
can be made with a combination oi'
grains and ground feeds. For grains,
equal paris by weight of wheat and
corn, or in the winter time lwlce :is
much corn as wheat, may be used.
For ground feed, a. mixture of equal
paris of bran, shorts and cornmeal
muy. be used. Eiiiclent egg produc-
tion requires also that this ration he
supplemented with 'either sour milk
-all thai. the birds will drink-or
ln case sour milk is not avaliable,
commercial beef scrap. Ono-fourth of
the ground feed should consist of
beef scrap in case ihis is used.
The importance of keeping grit
and oyster shell before the birds nt
all limes cannot be over-estimated
and is especially important during
the winter months.
ldlcvatol' Screenings.
During thc past year elevator
screenings from the head of the
lakes, formerly almost wholly ex-
ported to the United States, have
been made available to Canadian
stockmen. A standard stock food
has been made out of recleaned
screenings, This product, now avail-
able in large quantities, may vary
somewhat in character, but is fairly
unlform,»and wherever used is pro-
viding an excellent feed. The aver-
age composltlon of many samples
used is as follows:
Per cent.
Broken and shrunken wheat _ . 46.1
Wild buckwheat . . . .
_ _ . . . . . 37.1
Wild oats . . . . .
. .
0ats........... _ .
Chall'  
Mustard seeds 
Otherseeds  0.65
Tile actual percentage contained
of wheat and buckwheat varies more
than in thc cast of the other con-
stituents. Both, however, are of
high food val-ue.
A fair cliemicai analysis of re-
cleaned screenings may show ns
follows:
_¢ol¢~ion
463!-IGGS
QQ”
Percent.
Protein    14
 8
It will be seen. that recleaned
screenings shows a higher' analysis
in both protein and fat than either
wheli; or domesticated buckwheat.
The dbro content is reasonably 10W-
Opporinnlty to Coll Dairy Stuck.
No dairy breed produces a smaller
number of undesirable animals than
doel' the litilstein-`l~‘rleslan. yet we
havelthem; and now is the time for
the close culling of our pure bred
herds, while the cuils will bring
twice us much for bccf as in nor-
mal tlmes. in season and out of
season i ha-ve advocated close culi-
ing: fur with the high prices for fled
and la-bor it is an economic waste all
around to keep an unprofitable cow.
We keep cows for milk; thc calf is
a by-product. No cow not. |‘ei_urnii1ll
a good profit on milk produced
should bo retained as _n by-product
producer. We may be sure that for
cows und heifev calves slaughtered
in Europe for meal will bo less than
normal, and that the shortage will
be made up by meat imporiatlons.
We shuli get"o`ur share of the trade.
and it-will have its effect on the mar-
ket price to. bc obtained for cull
stock. Then if you have not done so
already, clean up now: you will nev-
or have another 0Dli0i'lunl|i' “K0 Ulf*
present.-hi. H. (lardner.
dot Pl-ont. from Dalrying.
in dt~.ir_ving large production and
proiltgiu hand in hand. Breeding fur-
illlhes the most economic-ul way to
qmgln -large-producing cows. The
bore-brtid hull. with generations of
high-producing mncestors back of
him, must be used for breeding, and
only tht- best heiférs from the best
cows should be chosen io b'e the
dams' of the next generation.
C190.-tl (irons Per (`ow. A
At lg coulbc ldxperiniental Farm
th", were 25 pure-bred Iloistelns in
1917. All the milk_ produced by
e built of wood, brick, hollow tile,
ement, or stone. Wooden houses are
referabie. because they are cheaper
nd easier to keep dry than the other
ylles. Ii is dllliculi to keep moisture
rom collecting on the walls of at re-
uch houses are built for sweet. po-
alo storage they should hc lined with
umber so as lo keep the air in thc
ousc from coming in contact with
he masonry walls. It is best to build
weet potato storage houses on foun-
ations that allow a circulation of
ousc built partly under ground, is
_ _ ot satisfactory for storing sweet. pn-
, on u whole grxuu ration. Not only tatoes at any time, because it is prac-
cally impossible to keep this type of
ouse dry. and moisture in thc stor-
ge house will cause the crop to rot.
ouse may be in the form of pillars
r solid walls and should he of such
he level of the bottom of the wagon
F‘E\\ l.\"l‘l`RE§'.l‘ING FACTS IDI
BUILDERS.
oodon Strlscturea Are Prefer-able
 They Are Cheaper and
Fseior to Keep Dry-They Permit
- Circulation of Air, But "Dugout"
is Not‘Elatisfactm'y on Account of
Moisture. '
Sweet- potato storage houses may
ent, stone, or brick house. Where
r under them. The "dugout," or
'l`he foundation of the storage
height that the floor is about ou
t
bed, while thc foollnxzs should iw
§ -A is'y£nr
‘_"

TWD E I4 47191 7
4
llllllll
--__.l__|
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l
l
EIB ~/Ollfl I6 04
[I 6940: I  l
1
" " |§" \ ~-"t7‘\‘i' :~»`
in [fi _ su
/e-'a'
Cross Section of Small Sweet-Potato
-Storage House. 12 by 16 Feet.
carried below lthc frost line or lo
solid ground. (lirders ii by 10 or 8
by 8 inches in size are usually placed
on the pillars. _
Where ceuleui, brick or stone
foundation walls are built. they
should extend 18 to 20,inchc:-1 above
the ground level; and plutes`2 to Ii
inches thick and 8 to 10 inches wide
should be placed on the wall. In us-
ing wails for the foundation it is ne-
cessary to provide means for venti-
lation under the house. This can be
done by placing small windows in the
foundation every 10 to 12 feet. Even
where solid outside foundation walls
are used it is advisable to sus pillars
for the centre supports. The rows of
pillars should be not farther apart
than 'R to 10 feet.
The space between the walls
should be left open, because any ma-
terial used to keep out the cold will
absorb moisture. Many storage
houses have been built with sawdust,
shavings. or similar material between
the walls, but this practice should
never be followed. Sawdust will take
up moisture and when once wet will
never dry out. The moisture will
keep the house damp and cause the
walls to rot. The air space is a good
insulator if the walls are made tight..
Thorough ventilation is necessary
ln n. storage house. This is provided
by means of windows, doors. and
vontilntors in the floor and through
the roof.. The openings in the floor
around the stove prevent overheating
the potatoes near thc stove. The bots
tom of the windows should be Within
18 igehes or two fcei oi' the floor. The
_win ows and doors must. be made so
as to close tightly to keep out the
cold. All windows should be made
to`opon from the outside. as the bins
will .interfere with opening them
from the inside. Where glass win-
dows nre used, outside shutters are
put on. and these should be well
gzdded. Some ofthe windows should
_made of glass, so as to admit light
without. letting in cold air, as it is
necessary to have light when working
in the house angin cold weather the
house should not be kept open.
The arrangement of the interior of
the house depends upon thu methods
of storage used. Some growers store
potatoes in boxes, crates, baskets. or
hampers. while others store in bins.
The smaller containers are to be pre-
ferred to bins where it is practicable
to use them, because they eliminate
the next few years the number of,
th s .hertl was uuide into cheese and
_‘ _ _
average return por cow was $190.44.
considerable handling and reduce the
amount of decay. Many growersstore
in the hampers that are to he used
for marketing the potatoes. This is
s satisfactory plan, as it requires no
outlay of money for storage recepta-
cles. and the packages for shipping
must be provided in any event if tho
crop is to be marketed.
Value from Ensilagc.
Cutting corn for the silo before il
ll ready is too general. a practice.
The-full feeding vaiuc of the crop
oa_hno|_ be obtained until the soft
dough stage is reached. The lower
lelfvea will then be dead, some of the
husk! will have turned brown. and
the 'ears will be hard. but thelstalks
and upper leaves ol' the plants will
still be green and succulent. Cut-
ting before this time is like market-
ing cattle or hogs before they are
finished.
Tollcoo Seed for Southern Ontario.
_ Tobacco growers of Southern On-
tario can. by applying to the Tobacco
Division, Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa. before the end of February,
secure one-quwter ounce samples of
and of either hito liuriey or Warne
tobacco. This quantity of seed is suf-
Ml`$tt to sow, 150 squarefeet of seed-
bed, and to plant one acre andls half.
The supply of seed ls__limited (potato
_ _ _
HOW IT LOOKS TO C:\ NADIAN
AGRICUI/.l‘l'RlS'l`.
Soldier Whd Was Formerly an Expert
l in Buch Matters Tells His lm-
ll pression of _the French Methods-
_ Orchards Destroyed by the Hun
Invaders Are Very Sail Sight. '
NE of the best accounts of
agriculture, as' practiced in
the vicinity of the lighting
front in France, ls' given by
A. Il. Cutting, formerly an editor of
several ‘Toronto agricultural periodi-
cals, who enlisted with a. Canadian
battalion at. Winnipeg, and, as Sergt.
Cutting, saw considerable service
with the colors. His article appears
in it recent. number of “The .l~`arm~
er,” Si. Paul. of which his brother,
M. C. Cutting, an Ontario College
graduate. is an associate editor.
Scrgt. A. ll. Cutting, who is also u
graduate of thc O. A. C.. is now lec-
turing on horticulture in the Khaki
University.
" The following are extracts from
Scrgl. Cuttlng's article. which is
under thc invading, "Agriculture in
and Near No Mun’s Land":
“The agriculture of No Man's
Land is mostly non-existent. By
'No l\ian's Land' I refer lo all Franco
that has been thc scent- of battle.
Every foot of such land has been a
No Mnn’s Land nt one time or an-
other.
“Fsrming was carried on there in
some sections that remained quiet
long enough for preparing the soil
and sowing the seed. but the swaying
of ofienslves from Marcin to Septem-
ber so trampled under foot or ‘blew
to smithereens’ the promise of crops
that the harvest was infinitesimal,
compared with what might have
been. Sufficient. was salvaged. llow-
ever, to make the work of harvesting
worth while. Everyone knows which
side did the harvesting after the mid-
dle oi' July!
“To agriculture lu No Man’s Land
thc ‘uukindest cut ul' ali' is the wan-
ton destructiun'oi` nrchmriis every-
where ihat the Hun has been. Nearly
every tree not ruined already by shell
Dre has been felled or irreparabiy
damaged by axc or saw. To me these
orchards are among thc saddest
sights oi' the battlefields.
"ln tieilnlle and dc_iigllti`ul cou-
trast lo the desolation of No M:-1n's
Land lie the ilelris of Franco behind
thc lines, Every effort to make lu-
creased production help win the war
is being put forth by the people. And
thc wonder of It all is. to nie, how
they manage to till such large areas
and produce the line-qualitled, heavy
crops thai, they do by the practice
of almost primitive methods-prau~
tices and implements like those of
pioneer days in America-»~eveu on
their poorest land, clayey, shaiey,
some of it half chalk. Everything is
done intensively, to be sure; exten-
sive fsrmlng. as known in America,
is not practiced. Farming methods
in central and ,southern France art-
uiore modern, I um told. I write here
only what 1 have actually seen in the
northernantl northwestern parts ni'
the country. _ _
"Three things attract the eye forc-
ibly when viewing the farming land-
scapes outside the villages. First is
lhc terrncoil llill.'si<lt~1', .-\|||mrcnlli'.
thc Frenchman does not liht- wlu-l:-
ing up and down hills, oven modernit-
slopes. Instcad. by ierl'aoiu_=~. which
must be u long. laborious job, he
turns the hiilshle into u. series of
level fields that look like broad steps
ascending from earth to _-sky-lim-_
Even lf the farmer does noi. cultivulc
the rises of the steps. he has increas-
ed the surface area of his i'arm. Mako
e. drawing and llgure it out! Note
that I did not say ‘tillable’ urea!
Most farmers, however, do cultivate
thc rises as well as the trends, whor-
evcr practicable.
°"l‘he second thing that attracts
specially is the 'patch work’ appcur-
uncc of the farms. A number uf
various sized, shaped and colored lit-
tle plots. all uufcnced, appear scwu
(not sown) together into a gigantic
crazy quilt. The scenic elect. is pleas-
ing;' but one cannot help wondering
if the practical effect on production
and one pocket-book of having. say.
ll half-dozen one or two-acre patches
used. I have seen u. few antiquated
reapc-rs and binders. and a mower or
two, hui these are exceptions. it may
be that better kinds of implements
_tvers used before the war than are ln
use to-day. Better- kinds surely will
be used after the war, lf tho people
heed the demonstrations of ciiiclency
given by agricultural implements im-
ported from the United States and
Canada into France by military auth-
ority for purposes connected with the
war. _
"Ons thing among the many that
the French farmer does know is that
land will not produce good crops your
aftcr year without being fertilized.
Every pound ni' lllallllrfi thai. his Sla-
bles produce and lllai lic can beg or
buy (in trade) goes on tho land.
None is wasted, except by cxposurv
and leaching in barnyards.
"Among thc interesting sights- of
the llarvesl field are clover in cocks
so small that a child could lift one:
hay of all kinds in cocks tied with
thongs at thc top; grain in shocks
much larger ihun made in America;
and hay. straw and unthreehcd grain
in symmetrical, many-shaped stacks,
of which the French and _also the
English and Scottish farmers are
master builders. _
"Every farmer seems to have plen-
ly of horses, such as they ure. All
the good horses in the country have
been connuandeereri for army pur-
poses. except u number nf pure~breds
left in selected localities for breed-
ing. Those left for working the
farms are mostly ille unftts. The pre-
doniinailnk iype is heavy draught,
showing Perchcrun blood. mostl _
amount ._viiifbeIn\rrluo _mal mn-~
ammonia ~ 
throughout the colluiry, bul llianugcd
to see only two, both nl’ which would ga
be disqualified in an American show
ring for sheer audacity nlouc. Let us
consider them oxccpllons, which
li- nt' l-‘|'mlii|~l.~‘ I-`lli'ni,~'lii:s Steady
iucomt- 'f‘lu'uuui\oui Your.
i. 'i`lll~ suiri ni tiul\',\-‘ pro/lusts fur-
l:sll~'>.~= tl _eirully lu-'oulc throughout
probably they were. Most farmers “
they may be old and biemlshed. “
colts, too young as yet for work “
either on the farm or at thc front. 1'
have al least one or two mares of U’ - - ‘ _ 1 i d
ggmd breedmg qua|;1|e3 eve" ||,,,“gh upon crop sales lor his inconlo us-
There are also lots of reully good 'lf
1- vt-ur Tilt furllcr i-'lm de len s
nmnnm 'WE HWNS.       uons mol were ol-rl-rm roi- service' som: _u»\'\_\"r_m|:.< or mmf. nlllvivvl x-'noir tmowlnn.
W _
ully makes tho llulk oi' his sales dur.
g one or two |uonlh-- _-lf the year,
hllc <iuring`ii|t'- rt-st ol' the _vear he
as no rulsll income. §~_`u<~h :t sygtf-_til
Experienced Orchu-diets Will Resume
' Planting.
Among the branches 0! agriculture
that are due to benelt from the
rt-storntion of normal conditions ot
transport of products. flllilt~frowini
is not lo he me last by itil! iiwiiiil
iii"-‘firiiins 'lo them-ectetiohi or than
y /' ‘ g “
'_war gloriously and safely, with c.i'u<-l P _
losses nt' men, but without the dis:-i
"Callie in this pari. oi' the country
[been in France, at rest or training
in train or bus or on fool over mam
miles of farming country. I have seen
no more ihan u dozen head of (initio
that were other than rc-cl in color.
This cliaracterlstic. couplt-tl with
comparison with llrr-ods lhnl i know
or have read about, makes mr- think
that these cattle originated iu Nor-
mandy. l have asked xt llmzcn farm-
ers, by means of my 'pldgin’ French
or through lnicl‘p|-clam, wiiui brecil
their cows were, and noi. une could
tell ine. 'l`o them they were ‘just
cov/s.' At any rule, they are good
general purpose cattlc for genornl
purposzc furulcrs.
in thc xnoruing :ind oticu not again
until uboui nlnc o'clock at night.
Some farmers milk lllrer times u day.
English and Sc.-ottlsil soldiers can buy
this milk :ii eight or ten cents :1
quart. even less sometimes; but lim
Canadians und the Yanks, ull of
whom are considered millionaires l»_\'
luosi pl-au~iuiil.~:, are liuiiored with at
special price that ranges: anywiieru
froln twelve to twenty rents, ac-cor<l-
ing to the man, the multi and this
moment.
“Goals also are raised »;»xlensivciy
for milit, meat and work. Of sheep
and swine, I can say very little. Thu
few ol` the former that i have seen g
were poor specilncns, and the ulany '
of the latter were worse. There arc
lots of good live stock in Frlincml
pure-bred and grade, but that kind is
nut prevalent in districts near ilu-
wur zone.
"Poultry are plentiful. Every vil-
lage housewife keeps a la.i'g<> flock of
liens, usually scrubs, to which silt-
attends with great rare and solirl- _
tude." f
- lC\`l<lIt RE.Ail\'. 1
('nnudu Caine Through the \\':xr
film-iousiy and Safely.
Ct»ntiililili_: obtaining in Couu\l.l
before the outbreak of war iii 15114
were such us io make it harder lor
the public in general to stand ilv-_
ical and sll:\lli for the i`u\|r your.- i-i _
trial tu como.
| We were u peace-loviuf: pcopit- iw- i
ured to ilu- soflcr experieucw. :milf
comforts of lilo. Thrift, for lusiuni--'_ i
was nut an oulstuuriinu t-ll:Lrut-tc-risi ic _
of Cnnadiauu. Iutcrc-si in puhiir :_-I
fairs, as was shown uiwuys on citw-
tion days, was confined io a slnull
minority. _
Practically nothing had been don-J
or had happened to prepare us for
war. ‘
And ei, Canada came ihiou ll lllt E
iress at lmnrc ibut might have hcl n
expected from the unrcadlness of
1914. i
Five years after 1914, wc coxlzc
face to face with the tasks, problems
and duties of reconst_ruct_lon. Wilh-
out minimizing their xllutmltudc. it,
lllon lllun \\'\» \\'el‘t- for \\'ur.
cessful. then, why should we u-_i
triumph in lhv contests of peace?
Canadians rome up to peace with
are all red in color. Whllc l havc "’
in various villages. and on the mow- U' ~» _ _ _ _ ¢
_ cumpul't>li with fuller furlu products. fl
"Tile cows are milketi very out-I_v l
l litinvll :it a high lcviil anti crops ln-
| muy bf- affirmed confidorllulli' that v. ~ I
;:ir<~ boiler priilittrcti for 1-vi-ons:ll"|,--l
' li` our wur service lius becii su  I
requlrl-_~: long r-|'ctili~‘ in the com-
2. 'i`li<- nmrlcrl for llttlifv protiur-iii`
lt'ilitli0“ \'€‘l')' lltllti vtiur by \'¢_ii\r gg
Ii, 'l`ilrougl1 lilo l:-:_;:x-rl of manure
to lht- loud the 1r|~liiit~_' will pllyfiicztl
,conriiiillu r»l` ll.~~ :wil ;~;l'_' we minin-
__ _
.s:-'f`__;%-L'!~ _--_f~;_-;"'_', `
 
.t-.'_`_-ef _fin __,’f`~<~¢» :'>_ ;__- '
l»lv*t@‘;.1¥§."‘» ;¢ sit? `=fa.'.<,'._ |
 rc-_  _ityé-_-'-r ~ 1. _. _
,\, ~_~~*'=; .'e,vi¢i€» `~__'__. __
 1'  _ -f .*._vT_;¥:;»_'ff> fifigfzf' *.-'§'!_*’_'--r.‘i__   _._ g
'ef' _&_'¢'i§._;f,=_;_-gf =*‘¢'~`c4§1< ;,-_ »f£~~,,-.-if _
N M fx" '4` V 3"" ` }‘ \
    
  3 i
 ,:.__"jc~;  '-~  _ _
   
 '_.L_ _ Q;-`>~'§_;t}_i'>.-,_ »'._.__.',,. ;§'}i~ Lf-'
/ ~ ' PM .
A Good Dairy Herd Gives the Farm
Many Advantages.
creased. liven utter mtily years ;1
properly uiulntulncd lluiry farrn has
f'0ns‘_Iuull_\' iilifirusirls rrrhp yields ln-
slouti ut' titit'l'cusiu;.~, ¢>1u_i;s_ i
4. ill’tiali'_vl11g, lzlbol' amy be ull-'
llzt-ti ul u more uniform roto through-
out ihc your than in nt-nrly any other
farm l>usines.~l_ Tho grain grower, for
cxampla-, may have to c»n1plo_v much
ildtliiioual labor :ll llul'\'c:;t lime, but
so ful' air: Ihr tittlry is l-\nif'<»riivli thc
dail'yu|u.i\ has about lllv uunlc tlulios
io perforiu ovt-ry Lnoutii of the yt-:=.l'.
'i`hus, loss help is required seasonally
and pcrulaxurm employes muy he
kept,
5, Through till: dairy row many
unsslnbic rougilugcs lu':ty bc lruua-
formcrl into prorlllcls from wliic-I1
cash may iw rculizf-d_` (irnss buy.
corn ikltldcl' :ind ntllcl- roughuge
which ulay noi. liaivc al ruddy salt- all-.rl
c<‘olion1ic:lIl_\' utilized by tht* tiairyt
cow. Lahti \\l1l<rh is 'not suitable for
cultivutiu.u can iw utilized for pas-
turagc for <iniry_i~<lws.
Cost of Rearing Horses.
Some interesting calculations have
been made at thc various Dominion
llxperimentni Farms us to tho cosll
of rearing: :intl maintaining i1ors:r~s=,
At Frcclcrlcton, l\'_i3,, farm, it is suit!
o have rust from $90 to $100 roi
raise draft coils from birth to lilree
years of age. An extraordinarily
cheap ration would, however. appear
to have been used. as the feeding of
two' idle horses :xt this slstion from
January 1 to April 1. 1917. is slated
to have hccn only $8.32 ouch.
At onli- of ilu- if-xp:-l~l1ut-uinl 1':\rlu:~
n Qucbtrt- lin- m.=t of illulnlf-nmlt-~
oi' lwclvii- l1cu'~_\ lim-.<t~:: 1-u1plo_\'t-il in [
loavy \\'m~h \\:1:= <-;t1'vl`uily kept, 'l`ilf_ l
totitl cost of it-cd alnlounittl tm
$915.76 for lilo l\\'t-iw, ul' $76.3] pl1`_
bend por veal; or 20 't 4-cnis per hcaul `
unliy. °
a very remark-.tble training in stcarli- I I
Jer day. 'Tho totul huullu-l- of hou|.~= 
u i l '
who are most interested in t"ll_Q indus-
try. Allhougiijmany 'orchdrg hart
been sacrificed on account" iab`o:
conditions. and the wa_nt,of demanf
hat existed during the war period
lose that have survived are evidenc-
ot either unusual skill on the par'
of llu_»ir- owners nr the fact that they
arc specially well located as regards
soil and ulimuiir |'equlrt=ments--
v\'l|<-liler tile laiicr circiilnsianrc i;
dill- lu wisp selection of the site or to
good fortune. A good opportunity for
fli:_|ir»..ir_.: of his product. is certain to
tl l-i.<|- im lim owner of such fruit troci;
f Qt* _ ,.‘ ,-‘ _"f‘y~_ _
i ' `.f'»_,~"<-'_  ' “ff‘<._' :.';`;' =_»_-~. 
l '¥‘V`»:'*v"’ "1 T* '_ '» -_ u,~- ll.f,\~~ t~omt~ through the past few
chrs in ill. condition to yield a crop
1 high quality, and there is now rt
ht-ur-r prospect of his being able to
<_»oll-\- on the work of pruning, spray-
ln-. hull harvesting, at a coat that
5
-o
   __ .Ԥrr\= __=__`;`~  iw- gc
  
__ . 17'?   _~".~_2_ ..,~~ ` fi' ‘_ v1 `
  ~ 5;’az"'fi’~|  “in H __ nt M
'__c_;;_,»»~j-_nt-_>\-is,,.¢;;t‘:;:~(§<__;_==_    _5.;_ ' :l ou' 0 :t pro Oil B 0981'-
.-, <,   <._# -f  5-_, ,_ _ . .
~‘__.--  .W _ ___ ,,_,_,§__ 5 .~‘-_‘“ n.lo.»=. wht-u his crop is disposed of.
_  ,l'f*°5»‘f<,4`;i  gy ll~ \-low of the severe losses ol
' f __   _ trc_~_= than occurred in orchards ol
 __ _,_-Q,  )~ ___-,_‘-__,‘»__~_.__ | rl-lull-|~ fruits last winter. the crop of
  ggi: §¢~;'_"f", till-:no :hui may result next fall, even
;,\`\f~ @_,,,_' ' _,i‘-__;,_,,;3°f`<<_=:=f j ~'._'_’=`if'.,-i'I" iiriili-i ll.:- most fu-voruble conditions
_ ;,.__ _ _ __ _:__;.;~___ ____/2__ .i__ <],,,,||,| |,,_, ,.a,,,}_\. (usposcd of at goat;
; __ Y _`7'~__`_,;'§___:.4_:~.__,;‘.__,t_~'  ` rlx'lvr»: ou lhc homo markets, wlillf
_ -'-f».;-$5-*24#`$'-74:'%l<ii§fE‘*1€1`€‘f~l*"1 :"»-"='."%@, 1 iii" mor-~ sluple fruits, especially up
viii ::, _m:l_v ln- cxpct-_led i_o ilnd an out»
lt-1 \':u_ lin- 1-Xflort routo in ztddltiqr
to :hut which is sure to be provldot
ill the home market when the pur-
cimulrlg power of our people as z
wiioli- liar; been increasing by thi'
op/-nings for rcmuncralive employ-
rutnl px-¢-scnteti by the undertakings
for reconstruction that are contem-
plated on every hand.
The following of hard times fox
m~rllurdi.~:is, so soon after the booth
in plziullug which preceded the war
will doubtless liuve effected the pet
nlunoul discourugcnlent of mam
who were starting in the fruit-grow
ing llusuwss, but it is more than like-
ly thru lite old hands will seek tr
incrcnsc-_ lhrlr output of fruit as earl;
'is possilrlc. and so will undertak'
tilt- piuntimt- oi' many trees as t=arl_‘~
ns next spring, and for these mel
the success or failure of certain va
rioties under the adverse condition.
oxistiug lu the past few years can la
taken as nn indication of the suit
ability of certain varieties to cerlall
locations. Of course, proximity tt'
mrlrkcts plays an important part ir
'lc-twlilining the possibilities of profil
from i`l"ult_-growing, to a marked on
it-ul, and it is often found possible
to offset lilo advantages of u mal-
uruily hood producing district. by pay-
ing particular attention to au orch-
ard loss favorably situated in that
rcsurd, and taking full advantage of
better marketing facilities. The im-
provement of highways and the gen~'
erui increase of facilities for trans-
poriatlou that may be expected in
the next few years is sure to put pro-
ducers more on ri level as l'ega.rtis
tht-ir_ marketing opportunities, and it
will llc then ibut the importance of
ations lug the class and variety of the
cl-ml lo the character of the soil and
climatic conditions will be fully
realized. '
An effort to impress farmers in
all lines with thc importance of fol-
lowing the indications of nature lr
solci-1 inc tht- crops for their farms lr
llmte-uylluil-ii by the Ontario Agricul-
urul ill-iiairiiiiciii. il. is intended thul_
following the ilndings of the soil sur~
\-ey, whit.-h hns bf-cn in progress for
smuc lima-, the department will estab
ish demonstration plots of reason-
lule size at points where the peculla:
Thorac rc-turned soldiers appear-ilu:
here in new crowds daily represent
thc stuff ui' victory over tho i-lun.
livery otilcel' noted on the strct'-ts;
has undergone severe, exact ami
methodical training.
All the people of Canada hu\o
had good reason to learn somethin:
of value to the country since July
1914.
Wur has prepared' us for recon
struction infinitely better than peace
prepared us for war.
steady und with good courage.
“The Dnmbells" Score.
Thr Third Canadian Division coll
cert party, “The Dumbells," thai,
fore the King' and Queen of thc liri-
ginns and full audiences. The pro-
ceeds were givcn in uid of Belgian
charities.
Tile reception thc Canadians wt-rw'
given in Brussels was quite thc most
cnthuslasiic they have ever had. Thi'
audience cheered ui every proper op-
portunity, shoutcd in clmrus “Braw-
Canada," und sang repcnicdlv "H
Canada."
A few nights previous io these sp- -
cial perforniunces. some members of.
ville show tllcrc. One of the por-
foriucrs was a conjurcr und. as is
usual with ills kind, hc invilcil inclu-
hers of the audience on thc stage in
be convinced ihst he iiuti "nothing in
his hands and nothing up hi.;
sleeves." A "Dumbell" accepted the
invitation and llc persuaded some uf
his confrercs to Join him. Then tho
stage manager announced to the
audience thagtlie soldiers were Cann-
dianu and part of tho Third Division
concert party. The audit-ncc then bo-
gnn to cheer and insisted on our
boys giving some entertainment. Tin-
Canadlana held the boards until near-
ly midnight. _
Interested In (_'aua'dian Stock.
The lloumanian Vice-Consul in
_
P _
3 ‘he would illio torcproduco in same
gr `in_color_ massive in bone an some photos of Canadian Holstein-
eogorruatiou, and pour in quality. lF‘rlesian cultic und of l‘r-rcheron and
England has written to Canada that
he is preparing n study on Rou-
mania‘s economic recuperation for
ubilcation in that country, and that
_~‘_1 hoped to see the hind o'f‘stsl- farm draught horses.
._ ,__ _ _..~...,..... _
_ncss. iilorougiluesl; und thrift. .
' l
_ l
The new em opens to find Canada 1
_
_ l
of wheat separated by a similar num- like the SSCOUU DlVi5i0l1 ll`00iiS, "'i`l;i» liurhood. ’i`llll: report says: _
ber of like areas Of ii0tal0€S 01' \iBi'li‘_!»' See Tous," scored such a hit. in Lou-
or rye on the same farm. is satlsfac- don, wept to Brussels, the capital of
tory. Belgium, during the first week of
“Very few iuodern iinpleiiients src' the year, and gave some pcl~rorl__- I
ances in the leading theatre therc l»--- _ i
"the Dunibeils” went to thc Galcly ,l
Theatre in Brussels tu sec the vaudv- 4
1
5
i` wnrk 'or iw lwclvt- llfwses wo:-|
32,8913, :lull tht' ztvci'il|:t~ l,!lI¢l llmlrzii
per hoist- for the _\'c:1l. und u tially]
average of 6.5 hours per lion-se. E:u‘l~\
hour-'s work, therefore, frost 3.8 cenlsi
for feed. The above figure-s are based _
im zlrbitraijv cost values of feeds. Ai
t.he average prices actually paid, the
total cost would be $i,.’.il5.'32 for thi-
ycai' for twelve ll0l'.=r~‘. $132.9-l per
horsc, 116.4 cents; por ilr-all per tiny.
At this price on ilouris work \voult!__
result. was that the rightful perform- ,
ers gathered in the wings, and the |
cost 6.67 cc»nis_ I
.____,___,_______ I
.\`of at l‘|'o|ui.~‘in;.z l’i-uspcct.
The roporl of the Dominion l-)_\;-
perimcntnl Furlu :ll llupusicasing for
lilll’ does not scorn io promise vary
well for the sol<lit~r scliicntenls ii ll:
proposed to rsiuillisli ln tlmi ucigh-
“Over 110 ucrcs of land was suun `
with oats; only about six acres oi'
this maturetl. Five acres were sown
with O_A_C`. bzlrlry und gave evra-ry
ndicalion of u hi-nvy rrop; small.
patches ripcnoil on the vvcli-drulm-<|f
sirens. A lalr;_f1i ':u'cz| oi' M1ll'qul':',
whcul, which should have been all
fnlr crop, was dcfstroycd in the milk ‘
stage. The heaviest crop at the sul-
tiou was a mixture of Arthur pcu:f_‘
and oats. This was cut green and'
fed to the stock. The root crop wus
it failure owing tn tho cxircmciy owl
spring ond lilo very late datc _ll
which st-ell 'was sown. Two and onc-
half acres of well-cultivated land
were plunicd in potuitres with uu-
ested socti of unknown \:1rlet.y. Thr
totai yield from lilo plui wus 150
lilishels. The fuiluli- of tho crop wu.<
clioraclerisll-~ oi' |l._» dist:-ici. bt-ing
caused hy poor semi, weulllcr condi-
tions and curly frostsf'
(‘o-upon-uli\\~ .~lio<'k_vnrds. 
Saskatoon has ~l:",':\ulzo<l rl co-
Uperallvo stuckyartl.. .-ompuny, and
nppllcalilfln bus llucii iuuiio for at rliur-
lei' for iiw .\'o|'ihcru Suskutvllt-wuu
|’uiun i‘o-operative Siockyartls Co..
Lid. A lurgv uuiubcr of the must
prominent citizens of Saskatoon and
furmcrs of ilu- districl ure thc buck-
ors of the now rompa\u_\'. which is
0 hnvv a cnpilul ot' $l25.li0i)_ tli\‘ltl<\d
nlo tivo ihousnnii slluros of $25 ouch,
:ind nu lntllviduni inuy subscribe for
inure ilmrl $1,000 worth nf :;hnrcs.
Om- l`nsc of \\'cstt-rn .~i\|cct-_-s. '
At thc rcronl convonlion of Sas-
kaichcwnn :lm icuiiul-ul socicllcs. Mr.
li. A. Craig. Deputy .\ilnl.=lcr 0|' /igri-,
vulture for Alberta. said vhorc was .gl
umn present who caiuv io Sus>kul_o_o;l
;cve|'.1i yems agu with ‘.25 létlis ld
his pockri. 'l'hf- snlnv lnnu sold n
§~5.tiilu crop lust your.
proriuvlng possibilities oi’ thc soil nrt
1-of-ugiiizofl. :md will conduct the cul-
tivation oi nhese plots in u manner
calculated to producethe greatest
ossible economy; using at the same
time such crops :ls are shown by the
findings of the survity. compared
with previous experiendo, to be tht
best suited lo the particular kind of
soil existing at ouch demonstration
point, Tho importance of rotation
of crops will not he overlooked lu
lhesc demonstrations, but'the gcu-
crnl trcud of the operations will Bo
to inrllrate the possibilities of the
distr-icl in which the uenlonstratiot
plot is situated. Desirable methods
of cultivation, will. of course. be an
important part of the demonstra-
lion:-'_
The uhovc mc-thod of bringing ex-
pt-rimt-nis in crop growing, so to
speck. right to_ the farmers door, is
in line with the suggestion in this
regard made by some of the agricul-
iurul representatives ul their annual
conference last year, although at that
time no exact idea of how the wo'k
should bo..efi'ccted was offered. ti.
fact. the representatives' suggestions
seemed to have regard for the need
of providing general demonstragg
of desirable crop-growing me `
und the results of seed selection ni
points convenient to the farmers in
their respcc_ll\'c districts, and lhc
idea of milking use of thc -dndingt
of thc soil survey to enhance tht-
valut- oi' the detuouNtrallnns.was not
taken into their consider-ail_ol.i. so far
as their suggestions in open meeting
itidicairid. _.- -
-
,_
A nreed rest. ~ ` ‘
__\t tht- Ottawa' Expcrimenlal
i<‘srlu 55 dairy cows wcrc_'kept»ln
1917. The average returns from
those cows. between caivings. over
:mi zzhovo rust of feed, with labor,
not included ou ont- side or manure
:intl calf on the other, was $95.18.
'fue best showing was made by the
Hoisteins. fifteen of this breed aper-
aging $110.07 above feed cost, and
eight grade liolsteins, $113.25. Five
French-Canadians were a close 'see-
ond with nn average of $110.33.
Nine Jerseys averaged $86.22 _ over'
cost of feed. fourteen Ayrsitires
$83.42. and four grade Ayrlhlres
37 .'73, _
Conserve Moisture.
Wcedsusc up mollliire. When the
grow in _a crop they" compete with
the crop _for the moisture, andweedp
usually keep on '-growing after thd
crop is cut, thus using moisture that
should be saved up for next yCt‘\
Cr vp
.
- 4
"`  '-rs.::~¢~»_'.- worry lv _