.... It it's Good For the Island The Guardian is For it Wine @nardia “Covers Prince Edward Island Like The Dew” VOL. No.16 Authorized as Second Class Ottawa. and for payment of pus‘age In t . v. .,....w........ “a” by "‘9 “5‘ “fig-f D'"""‘"“" CHARLOTTETOWN, CANADA, SATURDAY, JANUARY 19. 1963. WEA Overcast wtth snow THER ’flurrles; light Winds. Low-high. 28 and 33. Outlook for Stin- day: varlable cloudiness and colder. NOTFHKJRE SEVEN CENTS LONDON tReutersl — Hugh Gaitskell. leader of the British Labor party for the last seven years. died in hospital Friday night. The 56 - year — old opposition leader's wife Dora was with him when he died in a London hospital. A Labor party said the end came and peacefully." e. spokesman announced at 9:12 p.m. local time t5:12 p.m. spokesman “suddenly V‘s. . P.E.I. WOMEN DELEGATES WITH BRIEF STD. "Mr. Hugh Gaitskell died two minutes ago. s u d d e. n l y and peacefully." The woman delegation Friday, Seated left to right Mrs. Reagh Bagnall. Mrs. Mrs. Gaitskell had just called (2°31 Pam“; .P‘fdm‘lm [gland are: Mrs. Edwin Cook. Mrs. .lohn MacLend. Mrs. Bertha fm‘ heart Spedalis' mt wait“ 3 u y t e rlc wlicll ticy , , , ‘ , ISomerville but. it was too late. presented to the annual mcct- I'm wond‘ ‘ws' “ma sump" Mmphf‘e‘ Mts‘ Donald Lid. Reporters learned the new: in: of the Progrcssivc Conscr- Iand- Standmg- 19“ i“ “Em Gerald Drls‘ when Labor party spokesman stone and Mrs. coll vative Association at Ottawa are: Mrs. Charles McQuaid. (CP Wirephoto) ECM DOOR IS CLOSING British Seek Pressure To Change French Stand By ARTHUR ll. GAVSHON rtcnsion to Mediterranean and .patiencr with the British wasi LONDON tAPl~Thc British African c o u it t r i e s such as tadvertiscd. 1 three hourslaftt‘l‘ the latest med- government feels it will he shut Greece and Algeria. The foreign office here ical bulletin reported doctors lPercy Clerk ran breathless and .pale into the press room and gasped out: "It was two minutes ago," The opposition leader had been stuttering from complica-t tions following a virus infection. ille developed pleurisy. inflam- ‘ mation of the membrane around [the heart and. finally. kidney trouble. i Nine of London's top doctors lfought day and night to save . him but his condition weakened | steadily. ttas l out of Europe's Common Mar- 3. Britainwouid go along with 3 been advised he. considers Mac-l felt. “'great anxiety" 8‘3"!" his kdngnlus -s\véft..and massive. iAmerican moves 'for ‘a Ber hope. Mlleaslhanwcondiuon. “ .3,“ A» A, gm.-.— prese‘ured force President do ldeal With 11113378. - ' ' frank \Vllh‘hlm What tht‘y mat‘ An artificial kidney mactline Gaulle. to switch policy. .ncar Paris last month. He com- . 10-day reprieve for ttthDF‘NY F‘VLRXTHIM' . iplained Macmillan knew then Brussels negotiations. won by: .8”! '3‘“ firms.“ mm“ "r' ht‘ Wflllld b9 Signing 1'19 NBS-t . , France's ive partners. pro-‘[1€?dcn“‘d 3" “"9' ' isau accord with Kennedy pro- vides it chance for cxct'cisc of . “Cr” am‘wmcms .anVidimZ for the purchase of Po-! 9 such pressure. I2:3li‘lgdggzilégrggicglggqudNas‘ laris submarine-missiles andlthe ‘ . Lon it believes Pi'csidcntt‘ ' “ ' -, ~_ ‘buildup of a 0 nucearlc Kenncriiyi) will find way of lct« ‘1‘: Ga‘mes I""iforce. This underlined why hei ircgards British entry into the]; - .Common Market as the spear- d lhcad of an American advance‘ ’ H t r. . . I m n "mm . OTTAWA tCP)-»-Sod ~ turning ting dc Gaullc know what price France might have to pay if Western unity is wrcckcd as a result of the (‘ommon Market Arrow Decision Is Called Error iii what may prove to be the. ' Anv intervention by the _ realest foreign policy gamble ceremonies r Fathers . of‘ Amt‘rican leader would have to OTTAWA tCP' » Liberal MP of his reign. de Gaulle is forc- conicdt‘l‘ahon Memorial BUIIdit be discreet. I‘mnal‘fl ‘Rf‘d' KOIIy Said Fl'i- ing France's partners to choose mg W1“ be “Old Feh- 2 at Char-j day a US. government decision hptwcon his own grand design tlottetown. directors of the Carla-i on a new jet fighter plane shows for Europf- a n d Kennedy's idlan Centenary Council were‘ Tl-oian horse within the cmitin- "Sam M“ “m”! “‘0 Cam’liall grand design for an Atlantic ttOId Frldaytl , mm mamion . “Tuning m government was 'In cancelling and even wider community. The meetiitigbal;o~_\vel(13‘tlimedt “.3Mform the anvmod 3mm» tile..Avro Arrow Jf‘l interceptor De Galtllc's dream is for ‘th Stalemen k .l t111ml?t this“ ing ‘ into a colossal Atlantic mom“ I" 1959' . Paris “I load a European (5031" i re." D'cgcnba (flit. 1: - 'Omi mmmunitv "ndpr American in a statement tssucd hcrc, tion—perhaps as a sort of. re~|Fleh0r.'V’Ir. Die cultia ers sped-i leademfip' the National Hockey League-placement for the empire rial asStstant. was ctng name V i ‘ star and Commons member for France has painfully lost since Icommls§mn0r PI. “‘9. natmnal‘ York West referred to a recent 1the Second World War. Within ‘Ct‘nltfnnlal BdMIHISIl‘atml its. decision to htiy between that grouping real power would: This is the governmental- 400 and 500 McDonnell F-lltl jet rest on the combined resources :agency responsible for Canada 5 ‘ V or the French and West Ger.1100th birthday celebrations in‘ = 1 De Gaullc has shown Il(‘ hc— iicves Britain would serve as .1 their cttc front dc l fighters. ' K He said the plane is a two-Imans. .C .il‘hcl Canadian '(Zontgnaljg‘v scatcr. two-engine aircraft ca-t In contrast. Kennedv-s “my mum its. a_ privae ’rou pablc of flying at twice the cop. is for a global paflncrship lformcd to sift idea. for suitablel speed of sound. of likemmded'states pledged m and actiVittcs for the The Conservative covcrmicnt resist the advances of commu- *‘ ' . . totir years ago scrapped the nism. it bring together.n‘:li‘:g°"‘fc'g:é" ’BECtg‘fas’!‘ ‘Arrow., "a plane in many ways the skills and resources. the cul- ‘K‘. 00h rt on'develo men“ very like the F—llo. on the ture and religions of North mnfar‘reati’o Charlottetofn {0H grounds that it would not be‘America. Europe and Asia into is” ki t‘h“ reconfederafioni ready during the time when itla unified system of endeavor ‘mar “‘1 p : . . - idiscussions of 186 . would be useful. And it would rely .on (gidshlf‘ld The 1964 annual meeting win tng word of what they claim to have been a deal sccrctly reached in The Bahamas last month by Prime Minister Mac- "Bahamas file" as reported to London from inside as well as outside the Brussels confcrcncc oom ' Macmillan promised Kennedy 1. Britain would water down .. 3‘ the on arkcl system The Arrow was developed in of member armies e , _ from I Avro aircraft plants in Mr. sword of US. nuclear power for ‘xvipgsmagrfgagiuegxk£11011“ . 2. Britain would block its cx- Krtty‘s constituency- ‘Pr"'"““"~ ichairman of the Prince Edward? island centenary committee. ls. ' accepted. Thc 196.1 meeting is at Mont- ree e esponSI e m to m and theme is to be. “biculturalism. the basis of Canadian pluralisw OTTAWA tCPi—Egan Cham- tic society." ;bers of Montreal. 41-year-old former MP. Friday was electcdl In ‘Santa Claus' Deaths t » l Ecitr to the bank where the hold- ‘up took place. ‘ A coin for the killers by various muni- MONTREAL tcru . g and provincial police oner's jury Friday held three cipal men criminally responsible for forces. DROVE CAR I . l the. killing of two policemen dtir- Fm”an was picked up n" 31 Foul-net. testifying in i‘rentlrthfii "‘3 5‘ hank hnidUP “N‘- l4 l" coroner's warrant it week ago. said he dl‘OVP “19 N“ W Reeves sitting beside him andt Marcotte in the back. Marcotte was brought into court to be identified by Four- ncl. bttt thc court—including Dr. Trahan. the jury and other of- ficials—went Notre D Hospital to see Fourncl identify Reeves. ’ . Reeves. wearing a blue and "umd' kctv “lime” at me igrcy dressing gown. was sitting inquest. testified that Marcottc ; in a chair in his hospital pom changed into a Santa Claus suit l Foumoi‘ , tau' dark. won. t ‘while being driven in it stolen fl tdressed man in a light grey INSIDE TODAY e was arrested in a north-end apartment by a squad of heav- ily-armed policemen, \‘larcnttc has been in jail awaiting sen- tence on a charge of ilicgai pos- session of a gun. Reeves has in hospital under police . where he is said to be recovering from a stroke. suburban St. Laurent. f‘ r o w n PI‘TSPCUIOI' I"ltiutic’ Wagner said charges of capital murder will be filed formaliy‘ Monday against the three-Jean- Paul Fournci. and Georges Marcotte. 34. and .lulcs Reeves. 29 The five-man coroner's jury heard two hours of testimony on the deaths of Constables Denis Brabant. 31. and Claude Mari- neau. 34. and produced the ver- dict after less than three min- utes consideration. be two policemen \tf‘l't‘ gunned down as they auswci'f‘d ‘ a holdup alarm at a branch of ‘i. . .r 1" and. testified that he met Mar- .cottc and Reeves by prc-ar- Erattgement at a restaurant. The three men drove in al TO HIEAD FAIR the Canadian im crtal flaw" of irented car from the restaurant; Commerce. The liitldttp mcn hc- Amgumggflrf' n0“ce.3 ito a street corner where one of came known as the Santa t‘lntts 2| Shed ‘ ""‘10'. n ‘them picked up a stolen cart Paul Bienvenu. 65. of Mon- ll‘ng because one gunman wore has m.l‘,k‘,a' n ithat had been left there. 3 mi F‘fiday was mm mm. I Santa costume. "in" _ 9 They drove both cars to at missioner “new of me 1967 Pastel-:9 POLICE “a... ‘ '_j' 5 ishopping centre In St. Laurent.l World's Fair to be held in ‘ T h after ' H" ‘ ' ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " 5 Tit-there they transferred ti vnilse Montreal. Mr, ' . oroner Marco rti an. cm, Queens .... .. ‘and w" m Marcolw‘ 9 Mom and mnagin dire”. ‘ confirming the verdict. congrnt-i Kin . Cam." .......... H 4 P0 t ' - ‘ or s . . g . mud the (.e on "mantra. 3' id a rented car to the stolen vehicle. ‘ tor of a number of firms. The. . cent work" in this case “panI “lame” c """""" " 3 iThen they drove to the bank. .; announcement was made by , density a... 'ouie "i mm cm" ' ' ' I l Foumel testified that Mar-‘ Pierre Sevigny. associate min- lnsn Route. of the Quebiwl ‘w ‘." ' ' " 7 *cotte "was laughing like Santa later of natimal defame at a Provincial Police was the otti.' °"‘°“' ' t " .Ciaus“ while getting Into the' ‘ red It. I cerem. my in Montreat' s city I! who coordinated the search i . Iu ‘ ML (CP Wtrepboto) ibad been used in the pre-dawni l I i i MR. GAITSKELL ihours of Friday bill it . stopped a Hospital was i i t 1 LONDON which proved fatal ! Maemillan's ruling Conserva- tives in current electoral favor. Some estimated Gaitskell's per- sonal stoc with socialists meanwhile as greater than that e prime minister with his government supporters. Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell. youthful — looking for his 5 years. enjoyed a “golden boy" start to his parliamentary ca- reer. He rocketed to senior min- isteriat rank after only years on the Labor backbenches in the House of Commons an achieved the key position of chancellor of the exchequer tft- nance minister) within five. But subsequently. in his climb towards the Labor leadership he had to fight every inch of the way. For years his prospects of grasping the top prize were overshadowed by the most coi- orful of socialists challengers, the late Aneurin Bevan. His long-drawn-out and often bitter clashes with the brilliant Wclsh leftwinger were not only tests of Gaitskell‘s mettle. As a party intellectual. he had: an uphill strttgge to ter. officials reported the I Reuterslwlllness. rtt. Public opinion polls recently . . i had given the Opposition Labor his battles with Bevan. over. he:t many a head start (we, Harold was faced With a criSls of con- a machine had cascd thc kidney trouble but apparently had im~ posed an extra strain on the. eart. Gaitskell died with his wift: sitting silently at his bcdsidc in the same Middlescx Hosptal room occupcd last year by Sir Winston Churchill after the 88- year-old elder statesman stif- fered a broken thigh bone. in a Gaitskell called oiit tir- gently for Dr. Somcrville who had battled for 36 hours with- out rest in treating the labor leader. The doctor ran nearby room but nothing he could do. The hospital bulletin issued Friday night before Gaitskell's death said "despite the im-% provement brought about by the .artificial kidney. the heart iweakncss still gives rise toi Egreat anxiety and his condition: remains critical." ‘ in from there was La bor Leader Halted t When Career Booming = giant ally. the trades union . Friday. movement. Gaitskejlvs death (.am‘, ontyistruck Hugh Gaitskell suddenly iat a moment when most social- 1lists reckoned he had at least an i . . ‘ xeven chance ni- begng primeifrom’ his entry itlto Parliament ‘minister of Britain within two'"‘ 194-1. ,_ .w..w.‘;-:‘_s .\‘...._.. .AM a. _i f iSUFFERED SETBACKS After iis swift initial ciimh‘ he had many reverses. _ the most seribus oc-i curred three years ago when. fidence over nuclear defence policy which rocked his party, to its foundations. tContinued on page 2 col. 2) Major Storm “jHits Midwest i CHICAGO (API A Sf‘t'nllfIi 0 major winter storm in a week‘ expanded over the us. lilidwcstl Friday with below - zero cold, heavy snows and slashing1 ‘ winds. Asrctic air surged over the. ‘ order from Canada betuccn> ichigan. Thermometers dropped to 34‘ below zero international iFalls. Minn. . Heavy snow fell in the mottn-l tains of Montana. Wyoming. andi Colorado. 5 ‘ The weather hiircatt said the3 i new cold and light snow was ex- pected to spread today over an . theiarea from the Rockies to the. trust. and confidence of Labor‘si Appalachians. Montreal Man Elected PC Association Head ’ of the Conservative A s s n c t ation of Can do Mr. Chambers. in Montreal in- surance broker. won in a two- way contest with Preston Gil- bridc. st. of Toronto. president of the Global Company. Mr C'tambers. who served as iMP for Montreal St. Lawrence- St. George from 1958 to last he. was defeated in general clcction. pledged that he would devote himself to what he termed "the problem {of communication" within the ‘party. All other posts on the national executive were filled by accla~ mation the delegates unanimously accepted the slate prescntc by the official nomi- nating committee. The officers: l Vice~presidents: ‘ herd. Amos. i iDonald. Halifax. and, :yeli. Calgary i Treasurer: Jacques Hou- F nlav Mae- = 0 ‘Man Secretary: Ken Rinks. Ot- awa Provincial vice-presidents in- lclude: J. A rmand Crevier. Montreal: Edison Stairs. stock. N.B.: A. E. Whtdd tigonish. N.S.: Reagb Bagnall. rogressive i ’ Life insurance ' t i v i l EGAN CHAMBERS J, Rrowne, St. .lohn's. Nfld. Directors (two from cach provincet in ct u d e d Mrs. Louis Fortin. Quebec City; Mrs. . Edward Murphy. Moncton: Mrs. Leonora Bigclow. Truro. ...; Dr. Gordon MacDonald. Sydney. N.S.: Mrs. on Lid- istone. Summerside. P.E.l.: Cy-. haw. Montague. P.E.l.: nt- iand Mrs. Barbara Nugent. Hunter's River. P.E.l.; William‘wood. Nfld. \ i the Rocky Mountains and tippcr‘, OTTAWA MAYOR GIVES ADVICE OTTAWA «CPI . :4 yo Charlotte Whitton told assemblrd Progressive servativc party members here Friday they spend too mitch time discussing how to stay in office and not enough about. "why you should be. called on to form a government." Miss Whitton. a Conserva- tive herself. said in a \ch- comitlg speech at the party‘s annual meeting that. delegates should “tell the people what tlic problems are. Give Illrm challenges. Get down to fun- (lamentais." The diminutive mayor had delegates laughing a moment later when she told them that "anybody who doesn't like 0t- tawa. for 17 cents on a bus. can go to Hull." Mayor Armand Turpin of Hull. also a Conservative, re.- pondcd that his wife's name is Charlotte “and every time I meet Mayor Whitton i am iti- clined to kiss her." Mayor Whitton stood tip ex- pcctantly. Mayor Turpin busscd heron both chee s amid cheers from the audi- cnce r the " *tive three-hour debate. New LEA'D‘Ek? George Brown. 48. deputy leader of Britain‘s Labor Party, has been mentioned as a possible successor to Hugh Gaitskell. the party's l der who died Friday in London. Brown. an expert on cfence. is a staunch anti- communist. tAP Wirephoto). Power Cuts Hit London LONDON spread power tRetttcrsl » cuts itit central snow, ice and bitter cold. The cttts in cicctricity were; ' a combination oft fniccd by heavy d c nds on already- strained supplies and a go-slow campaign by some disgrttntlcd power station workers. Throughout central and south- ern Europe there was no sign of a break in the cold and Aus- a had its coldest weather in ars with temperatures rang- ing between 27 below and fotir below zero. tri .vc - , views. Wide: OTTAWA it‘Pt—Primc Min ister Dictenbakcr appealed to his party Friday to allow the Conservative g o v e r n ment free hand in defence policy. urged delegates to thc annual meeting here bind us in any way" to policies which might turn out to be ill - advised in coming months. he rime minister was be- 'es- conventio calling for the adoption of nu- clear arms for Canadian forces in the Atlantic and North Americ defence alliances—a policy backed by Liberal Leader Pearson a week ago. Speaking to almost Littln dele- 12 PAGES Dief Urges Free Hand To Form Defence Plans {British Labor Party Hea Dies In London Hospital Meeting Hears Keynote Talks :atcs who jammed the cone vcntion hall in the Chateau Laurier Hotel. Mr. Diefenbaker a said his government will pursue “made-in-Canada policies." URGES (TAITTION )lr. Dict'ciibakcr cautioned against cuunciating any party policy which did not take into consideration the rapid changes in defence and trade patterns. “it is no time for a declara- tion of great principles on mat- ters which are pursuant of change." He noted how the major de‘ fence commitments of the west- ern alliance have been chang- ing. citing in partictllar the Sky- ' ‘ontinticd on Page 5 ('ol_ it YPCs Poss Resolution Backing Nuclear Warheods OTTAWA H‘Pi A resoitltfm approving nuclear warheads for lCanadian forces at home and ~‘ overseas was passed Friday by the. Young Progressive Conserv- tlve Association of ada. The vote was 36 to 23 and came at the end of an exhaus- Anti-nu- i l of nuclear capabilities Canadian forces. the dcbatc against them. Both delegations submitted resolutions outlining their The resolutions commit-. itee listed the Ontario proposali .as the main one and the one ifrom ('aigary as an amcud— ‘ merit. > Macquarrie i OTTAWA “Tl—Delegates the Progressive Conservative‘ national convention voted l65- l64 Friday in favor of dropping toy « the word dominion from the PC The racial Association’s constitution. debate carried strong overtones. Announcement of the volt" rc- stitt was greeted by mix. cheers and boos. The decision means that the word dominion., which appears four times in the party constitution, will be re- placed by the word national. The c. h a n g e was recom- me by t constitution committee but drew heavy fire from Heath Macquarric. Con- servative MP for Queens. PET. and A. Lynch Statinton of Ed- ’3 :3. 3 :3 5. All those speaking in iavor of the amendment were French e spcaking-twn MPs and two for r MPs. Mr. Macquarric said the word dominion was a unique. val» liable and historic term peculiar to Canada. This was one of the, traditions that should be pro- tcctcd hy ('onsrrvativcs. 3 1 t which would have watered down. the resolution's unqualified ap-‘ A2. ttnallv approved. the reso- lution read. "Be it resolved that Canada adopt, within the framework of its cxtsting alliances. a nucear ole ” This was the exact wording of the Ontario resolution except. that the Alberta amendment ‘SubSIilllleI "nuclear" for “non- - nuclear" in the. main resolution. The. anti - nuclear delegates made five attempts to thwart full adoption of nuclear weap- nos. Edward Rogers of Toronto, chief spokesman of the anti-nu- clear grnup. said the main arg- - umcnt against immediate adop- tion of tlie provnuclear resolu- tion was that there was "no reav son “by we should decide now." Main spokcsman for those. in favor of nuclear arms. Larry Johnson of Edmonton. summed up his side's thinking with: "I don't think we can afford the luxury of bctti: neutral." PCs Vote To Drop Dominion; Is Opposed Latiricr Regular, former Conservative VIP for St. Boni- face. said in French that sine! the Statute of Westminster of Will “we have ceased to he a colony. We have become an in- dependent country." Gcorges \‘aladc. 'Vll" for Montreai Ste. Marie. said point- cdly that he was "the only Tory MP from that area." Canadians sltouid realize they belong to a ‘niatitt‘c. in: nation," He said tude of \ir. Mat'qttarrie harmed the party for n time. “Lct tis bc Canadians not coionials." he said. Louis Fortin. former MP for Montmagny — i'Islet. said the prime minister had used the. word dominion a few times but he had spoken of national unity long and the nation many times in his address. Louis - .lnsopli Pigeon. par- liamentary secretary to Agri- culturc Minister Hamilton. also supporth the amcndment. H. did not give his reasons. Chinese Delegate Booed” To Widen Russian Rift By JACK ALTMAN EAST BERLIN tReutcrsl < The rift between Communist (‘hina and the Soviet Union be- came more acute Friday when Civna's chief delegate was publicly humiliated at the East German Communist party con- v grcso Congress dcicgatcs broke into a chorus of whistles. boos and font-stomping during a 30-min~ utc speech by (‘tiincsc delegate \l'tt Itsettchtian as hc dcfcndcd ('ttina': ideological position. it was the first such uproar involving a Chinese Communist Roy De. Charles C a m Be an. Montreal since the dispute between Mos- cow and Peking became public ilim Doak. Virden, iHugh Mackay. Rothesay. Nil; more than two years ago From the speaker's rostrum. Wu stared back disdainfully at the booing dclcgatcsr—and later a (Thincse representative told reporters "chea invective" would not deflect China from its en. An- Vince Rossiter. St. John‘s. Nfld. tpt-inciples. Soviet Premier KhriisucheV. twho two days ago said it would . take a long time to heal the rift with China, was not prcscnt to hear th‘s speech. He was visiting an East llcr- lin television spare parts factory at the time. But Khrushcth was present an hour later on the platform to hear East German Commit- nist leader Waiter Ulbricht dc- liver a conciliatory spcct-ti to the congress as its discussion sessions cndc . SAYS I’NITY AIH'ANfING Ulbricht claimed world Conn munist ttnity was - vanced step by step despite tcmporary differences of opinion. They would be clearcd ttp in time. he said. lllbricht said "those in the West who cottntcd on disputes at this congress were isap- D. poirt . Observers n oted. however.l that Wu was absent during Ul-‘ bricht's speec in a speech heard by £500 dclcgatrs from 70 countries th touched off the tiproar when he declared the Yugoslav "Tito group" ttad “surrendered to the imperialists" and was “usurp- ing the title of Communists." immediately. delegates broke into a frenzy of booing. whist- ling. stomping their feet and cues of "leOO(‘)' pltooey." Patti Vf‘l'nf‘t‘. the East Ger- man congress chairman. rang his belt four times for order and thou DIlhIi!‘I" “(‘hllh‘f‘d Wu. said Yugoslavia _ "faithfully serving the cause of socialism." peaking about the border conflict with lndia. Wti attacked prime M i n t s t c r Nehru for "m a k i n g ceaseless encroach- ment: on Chinese territory" and criticized “some self-styled Marxist - lmnlnists" and "some socialist parties" for joining actively in the anti - Chino chorus. Murmurs ol disappth greeted these remarks.