_...ar ,_
.-.<. . - -
GUARDIAN ' ’ _ ,mg 4-,',,,,`,,;_ _
_-1_5 ____ __ _ _ _,,_-__ , . _ __ _
yang
"  l.l`lTB.l'»aII»y__/
501111711-'itll' the Man- f
t hood of the Nsflqm
1' WAS ‘Christmas ntot~nin_g--lg; Clsrisp.
mas raonnng,
In Landon, in all the large cities of
F”!l"”d.""| 'lit palatial country residences,
in the luxurious homes of the well-to-do man.
ufacturers and tradesmen, holly and mistletoe
hun!! Cllfl'-lfmds gifts and Christmas cheer
“"_'€_"'”¢"J'wh¢"¢,' the library tables held the
brilliantly tinted Christmas issues of the
f4’¢_¢/<11' ‘Wd monthly magazines, while the
daily papers vaunted, in austere black, the
Cllfiiittlli foy 'and merriment which the
magazines depicted in their /laring colors.
_ /fssembled in the churches, /rom Lon-
don’s great cathedral to Manchesier's great
cathedral, the well-to-do and contented listen-
' ed to lord bishops and other ministers intone
the services of the festive day.
But the fashionable congregation at the
Manchester cathedral was astounded, when,
up into the pulpit stepped a man whom only
those closest to him recognized as Stewart
Gray, land law,reformer, and recently super-
-intendent .of the Manchester Poor Farm'
Colony." ' V _
"I am here," he thunderad, "to forbid
yuuto' celebrate the birth of the Saviour,
whose _teachings you have betrayed. 'There
can be no Christmas in England while the
land e`c'l_toes the hollow groatisho/' its millions
who are perishi/tg of the misery and starva-
tion which sotie/v does not relieve. Your
Christmas prayers are blasphemy. In the
name of thc God you have forgotten, I pro-
test!" - '
dt that, aafving recovered tnezr wits,
they stormed ~the desecrated pulpit, dragged
him to the cathedral door, and threw him into
the street. f _ ‘ ' '
lil.: NUT one among them rcmemnared. while
they prayed aftarnlard, the casa of the old man
who, only a wick previously, had been arrbltéil
In lnndon for the ancient and dlshanorsble
arlms of bagging. , '
lt appearad tint he was n good workman, dismissed
with high commbndafion from thc,place he had held
for fourteen years, solely bscause his amPlUyG\‘ had "0
more work,f¢r him. For all tha excellence of his ref-
srenoo, than was no `work for hlm anywhere; ao.
after an intsrval,. hs began to starve.
Ha had starvltd for thirty hours, when he so far
forgot his position as one of Enl’lll\G'H hllfltrs' 30.000.-
000 people as to gather up the cats drolllwii in UW
street from tho nolebagl of the horses.
lt was suspicious, vary. A London "bobby"-po-
ll_caman-saw him do it. The man ate ths dirty oats,
That was more suspicious. The "hobby" ksvt an sy#
on him. Then tha man rang n doorbell and bcakvd f0l
real fond. That settled lt. of course; the "bobby" "ran
him ln." ` -
lingland hasn‘t forgotten Stewart Gray, if it did
forltit the aid mah who ale uats.
it could drag Gray out of apulpitl 'and throw him
out of a cathedral. But it could not drag put of it'
lltllallsa bearing tha memory of his lillflllila’ Wvfdl-
Hs had known his Englishmen too wall when ha
invadsd their solcmn' pulpit: and than knew wo Well
tha_a#'ful, haartfaicksning truths that underlay tha
words they rasantadl ' `
aonasr 'ar oscaosucs l
The ~'~-vlng frkman satlng t_hs dirty oats has"
return: 'hem ow,~ the persnniiloatlon of the mon
of Eng' ~nk lcwsr than tha poorest of England's
boasts. ~tion, which has not haadad the lon!
llroooasio ‘s starving woman in Lon on, which
“ltd its 1, l ~ "keep in order" its demo ltrlilblll
by baadrso manda of hungry workm - lilhdl
¢N||¢ 5,", l¢,¢|¢|¢ of its complete eoadonoa,
The hug »mplro.'olutohlng can lasnts ln
‘tl far-atm. ,~, ,mailto and armored morn
heavily than t ' ._> of nations at asa. knows lt-
lalf shrunken ,_ ~ ' and halplals within its shall
at bono.
It axista in ll . ‘ ~r, maintaining its starnal
me or tavlssisttn -'uma It- III' \°‘°°° *°
atroagtlsa its armu »1 tha navy. bartering its
ships to Japan for t -rs lt cannot muatsr ln
ltlglaad and trading - - left to Francs for tha
“I0 0! tha atuatoa t. - -nca of NaD°ll°|\'l °°'l'
uuosto-tfor thoaalundersl iesnendants af his lrlll-
adisra, who now,` dwarfed as they ara, still have tha .
oouragg to ant, ‘ _
Ia Landon today a million people ara hangarad: ln
lnalaal. twaaty million. are hunswd- M fl' 50°*
ll 1001 tha lord_aiahop at London. Arthur raisr Wil-
liagtaaaagran. laslarod hs had 'himself - livsd in
lttfhaalnrasa, and could tsattty to the physical. moral
Ill silrstiu adam st tn. eansntotn prevalent In the
¢\llial of Moat lritaun
tlon,t than who annually dltd ll l_nf\"“
Hoi ‘  ' is tis tearful tenements to which
f,--
.ff
'\-r 5 _
. _ _ .
_ tl
  _ff WANT l     clamp
,_ _ Y y A ____________._ _________ . .
... 4.
:l- '  a
l 1 1
s _
I
I
i
_ -_  fdviatarde/ree a/4/kim/irgscommw/` " V ' `
‘-
l
"WY WHS C0i’\d€h'incd. he discerned a. rcnl danger to
any state in the sickly and stunted condition of those
who had not sufllclent air to breathe or room to movc
ln ` `
Numbers, he said, were rejected for st-rv|¢e ln
South Africa from Englantrs great towns as bolng
physically unfit.
"And," exclaimed the lord bishop, "if_ thephyslcal
effect is palpabln and obvious, the moral effect ls no
less evident to those who have eyes to sec."
But few. far too few,`l\a.vt\ had eyes to soc; or,
seeing. have had hearts \o` fcsl, nr-most bllghtlng of
nil-have had minds to understand.
It has been a good many centuries since William
the Conqueror turned loose- his noble retainers. and
told them they could 'keep nil the land they were nhlc
to hold. Thcy slaughtered most of the natives, and
they starved the rest.
Organisation ot_ English society. which was made
on thatbasln. has progressed along thopriglnal lines.
And, ln tho cé_ntu`rie`a, it has prngrosscd so destruc-
tively that',t'lis population, which at first hnd the
courage to fight, has now only thc resignation to
s_tn`rve. » _ _ _ _
Anfl all who are not going hungry have so lost the
spirit of self-preservation that they unite ln abject
f . leg/bn/by I/he .Day //rszanabnlz oefg/nf /rbusa _
laudation of the system of nobility which doom: them
to ultimate extinction.
In England, half ts century ngo, one-third of the
population of 19,000,000 people were supported by agri-
cullurv. 'l`oda_\', the pnuulatlon has fairly doultlctl,
whlln lht rt- nre orc-r n mlllion fotver peoplt- cngagotl ln
husbandry than there were fifty years ago.
There are $1,000,000 acres of land going to waste
in Great Britain, with pheasnnts. grouse and rabbits
for thclr inhabitants. The humans, by the system oi’
gn\'ern:nt'nt and ownership, have been drlvcn to the
large r’tlo:=.. _
» 'l‘hor-- they have shrunk and shriveled nnd strirvorl.
Wltolt- hmllles have grown to maturity who new-r had
enough to eat in all their llves. They have been hlllf
starved not merely from thc hour of their blrtll, but
during the months before they came into the world.
George Bernard Shaw has found thn.t, year ln and
year out, ln London? 33 percent. of Lhe working pop-
ulation llvo "below the poverty line"-llve on less than
35 for the provision of all nccessarles of llre_ for n
family of six.
Thorn nro ln London nearly 200.000 tenemonts-
omlttlnr: the dome of heaven. which shelters 1700 nf
' thc absolutely homeless ni'gh'i.ly--that consist of only
ons room. " " ‘
_ ._
t.‘
"4"`I
l
W
63//Yer'//751 0)! U//£777/D/Q§7£d   ' Jill-3
Statistics which would be considered obsolete in the
face of the present misery proved that 29,000 of those
"tenements“-the word usctl for describing homes for
fnmlllcn-<:nntnlnod thrt-n pt-nplo; more than 16,000 con-
tnlnotl four: rtyol- T000 ht-ld tivo; more than 2500 held
half tt dinzen; R50 held sovcn. und 1550 held eight. Anti
thr- rest vonlalnr-ti as high as a dozen and more per-
sons-ln'ons room.
"lf," remarked thc lord bishop of London, “the
physical effect is pulpnble and obvious, the moral ef-
fort ls no lesaevldenl/'
And thest>,»people_ starving by tht-_ million, paying
rents that are the acmo of extortion, gasping for air in
single r0on”a'a. where tht- windows are stuffed with
papers. have' not revolted»-yet. ,
- 'l'h'e- motnnpolls, almost In its entirety. ls owned hy
seven noblt\` landlords, and the land, cvnli compared
with lmprnvPd`lnnd as exploited for revenue by Amer-
THE
wcutrofwzc/lcrts
7545'/Far
1/ess acl!/5
0/Luther nf- ' “
AJ/re* '
ACTUS for breakfast, cactus for luncheon.,
cactus 'for dinner; cactus to ent, cactus
J to drink; cactus cooked and row. `_'I'his,
for'tt`vo' woeks`._wns tht; tliot, of Dr. Leon
Elbert Landone and his secretary, Frank Waters-
ton, of Los Angeles. California '
Fr [sow é7bef-rear/fab/ne
We have hoard of the ltusllish eaters, and
know the method in' their madness. llnving par-
tnken of the Oriental rlrug. tht-_v saw wonderful
visions. Hut the cactus gives no such result, and .
the cactus enters have no such eutl in view.
Dr. Landoue ate cactus to prove that a human
if
being could subsist on thc plant. He has rlcmun-
strated this. Thercfort-, thorn in no longer rtuy
danger of man starving in nny tlosurt tvlu-ro 1-ut~tu.~4
grows. The spinnless varit-tit~.~t of the plant, twnlw-<‘|
by Luther Burbank, will ho introtluccd into the
desert as u food for cnttlc and men.
December 1 last null euilsri It on Decelnhcr it
with a banquet, given tn nts friends. the nin-
Jor portion of tho menu of which' was com-
posed of various p`reparat|on_s` of the cactus plant.
Ai. the dlnnar Dr. Landune tlaclaratl that during his
exparimsnt ho had felt no fatigue, and had gained one-
half pound in weight. '
"Eat' cnctus,. lettuce. spinach and asparagus lf`y0u
do not wish to let tired out by tho ordinary day's
work," hs told his friends. "Meats, nuts. cereals, beans
and peas help to repair wasted ,tissues and are of
value, but tha vary bstlt way_to repair thc body is to
prsssrva lt so that little repair is necessary." »
At tha dinner Dr. Landonc looked haplly and
healthy. as wall fad as could bs. Ha had provtm. hs
said. without doubt, that the cactus, among tha-plants
of which msn had starved, in tha desert. was p nutri-
tious article of food. The oaotus ha uasd, however,
was ths apmalaas variety evolved _aomo tlmrago by
Luther Burbank. tho California plant wlaard.. _ i
This cactus ia antlraly‘ lacking ‘in splaaa, the nledlss
being reduced to a more bud on tha hids. -It l_a<l(r.
Burbank’a plan"_to distribute the cactus through tha
daasrta of th'a Walt. whars it will aarva aa a food both
to cattle and man. _Tha importanco of this work may
ba rsallnd when one aonsldarl that‘ot tha 1,600,000
square miles of.land in tho country than ara 1,000,000
square mlloa offarld territory. `
Often man"gat lost ln tho daaarta and wander for
days, sttffsring axoruolatingly from hungar and -
thirst. Whoa tho lpi|lalaaa,oaotnl ls grown this dan-
ger will pass: -tha hot sandy plains will loan rnuoh of
their tarror. i _ __ _ , ,
Cactus is a food-`-this la .what Dr. Landoao dooiaras
ho has proven it to bo. , And In doing-ao ha damon-
stratss tba truth of tha claim of Durbank. who robbod
the thorny aaotm ‘of its forbidding spines.
However. lf'|r'a_sari_d¢\`ftor tho atathaes doylaad by
tha boa Altlllll DUIUIUI. Atlllftll llttll-doubt that »
I) ro_LANnoNs: bésan nts t-.eras-eating test on
it must he palatable. For instance. among tha thlnga
on the tlnlly menu during the sxpsrlnlnnt appeared
cactus soup, fried cn.ct\ts leaves. salad mlule nf cactus.
cactus Juice ns n drink and cactus fruit na n dessert.
In the menla the order observed was an follows:
Cndtus for breakfast), cactus and celery for lunch, eac-
tus. a few nuts and celery for dlnner._ '
During the two weeks nf the test Dr. Landone
worked eighteen hours a titty. His purpose was to
prove that tha body could do, the maximum amountof
labor with llttla loan of energy if-cactus were eaten.
The brain, he declared, hscatna lsaa fatigued when the
body was nourished on tha ungalnly plant of tha dos-
ort-thnn when fed by other food.
Fried or raw, the cactus reaamblol olllilant. Cook-
sd and flavored it is said to be quits palatable.
' ' ~ nocrons Lncsn rr _
When bs completed his sxparimant. Dr. landons
invitod six fallow-physicians fo dinner, and they, too,
hadfa chance to eat cactus. Ono and all said it was
déllcious. 'Allqnl the things provided for the table
was ca_etua aharbat. -
Dr. I4ndona aoourad the cactus lsavsa and fruit
during-his axperlrhsnt from Mr. Burbank, who la rais-
ing th's_oactul at Santa _Roach from a oommarclal
standpoint. thrdlot at proaant would bla an Olpalsiva
ons. as tha value of one of tha thornlsaa lsavaa la 1
In, producing a aplnolsps cactus, Luthsr larbaak
scored a final victory against ons of the moat formid-
abio tlghtora ol':mankltid"in tha vagstablo kingdom.
Conturiss ago;-wllall the-ibtolllgant _cactus found that
it was likely to hlaatla and aatarmlnatod by tho ani-
mals rovlng~in thrdaurtult-took'on 'ttsalf an‘arr||or`
of sharp spikes and nasdlaa, so that thsroaftar tho tall.
_ t w ' fs from anim l n birds.
'r°g;:|i:°a=i:l'rnra=.a=umod-a awori-llhshaaf. athsrs
oovorod 3.0%” ta ,with grasp api Oo. whils othars
grow tou . n oral. :xy lhaolaa-and than ara
said to bo about 1000-adopt so a sort of armor. ao
that when to was ios_t_ ia tba  snot tloaabt ~
\
of trying to extract life from the unsyntpnrnerw gm]
intimidating plant. I
Mr. Burbank worked on the cnctus for ten yt-ara.
Ho found that whereas the cactus which grew nn the
open plains was furmldubly armed, the varieties thnt.
grow high up on rocks and in crevicsa tonk lena ;,|-,_
cautions to safeguard themselves, Mr. Burbank sa-
lectnd some of the varieties wl\lcl\ had dlncardotl mont
of thalr llplnes. and began la process of selection and
racrossing. ' 4
After ten years of effort he evolved a leaf which la
al smooth nn an rtpplt-_ Mr. Burbank claims that ths
thornlcss cactus la almost as nnurialllng ns_alfnlfn.
and wlll enable msn to misc cattle in heretoforaarld
territory. -
Dr. l.ant|one's experiments may possibly make cac-
lua an'ltem on the menus of our fashionable hotels- -
who can tell? Who ktfowa hut n new cult nf esthstlc
pcopls will make cactus their dist? For Dr. llnntlona
claims lt gives 'nutrlmant to the body and hraln. en-
abling a man to do mental work for cightssn hours
without fatigue.
You may laugh. But it In ‘pointed out hy those in-
tarsltcd that both the tomato and potato were regard-
ed, aa curlolltiea whsn first evolved.
~WhIla Dr. undone tn California was ilvinl' on the
oaotua, Dr. ’l'. J. Allan, of Aurora, Ill.. was living on
poanuta. On December li Dr. Allan hnlaltad a fond test
axtendlng ovor alxly.daya. during whloh time he ata
only paanuta and drank lelnonado.
During this tlms tha doctor lost twolvo pounds, but
at tho and of the test ha laid ha never fait better in
his lifs. Ha calculated that his "board" had cost him
at\tha rata of- lbobnts a day- ' ' '
Dr. Allan daolarod that hs considered tha peanut an
idaal food. lla said it was paiatabla and antlsnad one,
that It improved tha akin. ll" MIG I \°\'°l.\' ¢°"\D\¢l~
lon and matic tha hair grow. During his tant tha doe-
tor ata sixty pounds of psaauta, at tho rats of one
pound a dal.
"J
loan municipalities. is practically exempt from taxa.-
tion.
` It pays tho duko nf Westminster |S,250.000 a year.
It pays the snr: of Cariogan $4,000,000. it pays the
dukes nf Porl/.und and Norfolk, respectively, $3,500,000
and $4,000,000.
Thcrv are 100,000 little shops, little dwellings and
Innufforalile slums in tho Southwark and Lambeth dis-
tricts; they pay tho carl nf Northatnpton $3,000,000 a
year. The duke of Bedford. tho marquls of Camden,
Lord llchester and Lnrtl Nnrthhrnok all take their toll
-and one~s|xth of London gasps for air and hunger:
for food. ‘ .
Anti where there in work. (ha very factories em-
ploying young girls are invaded by the modern liquor
clubs, thnt compel lnnotv-noe and decency to debauch
ltsvlf, as ll\ Birmingham, Where tho fnctnry operatives
hrtva been ruined ln mnrals'and unflttod to bear chll~
dren thy the curse of drink.
Jack London, when he investigator] lsondon’s pov-
erty. declared that moro than 20 pt-r t-tent. of the pop-
ulation depended nn charity for support; that nearly
2.000.000 wero always on the ragged edge of want,
and that, ln the l'n|t»=d Kingdom. starvation-not mere,
anltrtylng hungcr. but killing starvation-continually
ronfrnntorl 9,000,000 pinched bodies and drspltirlng
soulll. - -
England. for.twontv years. ever since the mob ln-
vsded Mayfair nnrl ho'-lr-rl for fond, has been trying
.n forget lt, nnrl knitting woolen socks for the worthy
poor.
But. her statesman this year fear they maybe mm.
polled tn rt-v'-'zgnlze the grlm alternative: rcform nr rev-
olutlnn.
A Quaint Little Island That
Produces Salt'
rr tm- wt-.at coast nf France is the little lie-de-Re.
XL) clghtvon mils,-s lrmg und varying ln width from
at-vs~nl,v _vnrfla lo twrs mllcn. lt cnntnlns fewer
quart' _vnrtls lhnn tho t~lt_v nf ltnrls,
During tlw sttmtllvt' null ninking is uno of tht- chlof
lntluslrtos oi the tnllnlvltunls. Tho salt luntrtls nre formed
ln large st|u.\rr-s, at-|\rtrntt»tl from out-h other by low
ridges. 'Fheso nrt: n\'»»rtlnwt-tl in tht- sprlngtlmc. und na
the wnlr-r evnpnrntes thc tlopnnli of :init in raked nut
with a long murr\\\' lnntrd nttttvhrwi lo n polo und piled in
bettps rt-:ttly to in-_ tttkt-n to tha rf-tlnt-ry ln-:n'll,\'.
'Fha lit-:taunt wtnnvlt work with tin: sumo ons" as the
mon lu tho snll untl tvystot' l1vtls,nt the t-tttclllng of
shrlmlls ulnl nlw ln tho tlt-ids. \’t'i\llo t-nlzngcd in these
litllurx they \v»-:tr l»:tgg_\' klwo-hl'c<~<-ltt-s, loom- wtllstn nntl
llgltt-tt»ltn'~»tl sttltlmum-ts. The snls-its of the winter have
ln-»|t |n|t >|.~ltl.- _-mtl the foot nro loft lutrn, nlthnugh the
lego nf ultl stockings ure often drnwn up ns fnr ns the
km-v ns n pt~<\t<»cllnt\ frnm tim hnnt null ln_<ot~t_q. lt Is
|n.i.-ml it t~n\|ntr_\' of t1~n|nr\rs_ ,\'n|~ .l-nut lt nntp with im-
munity, for n\.\n_\' of lin- tl~\nk»-_vs_ ns well. wt-ur lon!
atrlpotl rntl and wltilo or hlnr untl while cm-»~rl|\L:s tm their
logs. Tlwse are- In kt-np nff thi- nwttrnts nt lll-‘s and mos-
qultoea.
\\'t~<ltlin|z t-tsnttltnf-.~t on thu inlttntl nrt- t-:tlhnr singular.
vlowetl from our nl:iml|n\int_ 'l'l\t- gown: nt the bride Ill
ulwnys hlnvk. in vt-l\~»-t or nntin for tho wt-ll-to-dn and ln
wnnlon fm- tho pinnt-r t-Insnos, hut tht- tlcltu In of white
muslln trlmrnvd with whit- lat-11, tvltivh In nftmtllmrs nn
heh-lnnm. und has n hrnntl whltn rtnlsnn bow in front
rrttcltlttg tn tht- Imttom nl tha tin-s.~_
Tlto lung hrlflril vt-ll ls ul|:\|~lw|l lu grttt-rftll folds U1
hor sugar-loaf sltnw-tl t-u|n‘urt~. with-h had lls high peak
nilorttotl with nrwcrni lznrlnnds nt nrtltlclal nrnngo hlrts-
soms, and n long nt-‘<‘klut~o :tml tha houfutol are also of
ilu- sunt# hnv/nr.
Amnln opportunity in git-on for tlla;»ln_\‘ln;;‘ all the
hn»=r_\-, for tha hrldo nnd grnnnt. fnllnvrrrl by I elr rela-
llvrn and itltlmnie frlcntls wnlklng by t-nttplos, gn on foot
to and trnm the vhurrlt. 'l'hon ngnln, nfter tht- mnrringn
feast, tho whole wotldlpg |mr|_\- pl-omottmlen lwn ur three
limes nbnut the town, oftontlmos to tho unmolnflloul
act-ormmnlmt-nt of n tlutf- and n shrill t-nrnt-t, After this
there ls it supper and tlnnco, nntl lf the famllv ara ln
prnpernua circumstancos tho fe.stl\'iilt\n nm continued the
next day,
some nf the customs of these simple folk ara most
rimltivt-_ Thi-y have tholr nwn nriglnal manner of thresh-
lhg tht-lr barley. Tho street ln front nf the oWm\r'a house
la carefully swept, nnfl the sheaves ora unbound and
spread ln n thick layer nvt-r the road, Then n largu ltone
roller is drawn hat-k and forth tivo; ll. for several houra,
follovrrd by threahertt with lnhg lin ll. '
After the kernels have been -attracted by this tedious
process. the straw is swept up and tha barley is swept
into heaps and ahftvelod into hues. As carts ang-100|.
passengers have missed rontlnunlly through tha street
during the day one, cannot ltelp questioning thc cleanll.
neaa of thc harley thus produced.
A Childrerfs Hotel
1' ohe of the English benches they have a chlldrsn'»
A hotel. At flrat lt seemed strsng»almost barbarcus
-to the mothers. but when they found that milk
fresh from the con. new laid eggs, homemade .iamasand
cakes and other approprlatt- food that they could not
obtain at places of rasldsnre designed primarily for
grownuna were supplied ln ahundancg at the chlldrsn'a
howl. t ey ltansnss to move them into tt with a nuna
govornasa or other atllndant.
The hotel has the but altnatinn on thc Nach, and ll
arnangod and furnished In lho way beat aullod to ohlk
droa‘a nada.
.e.-¢»-
l
t
I