~- *___-t-'
1
__,__,., ,._,__1
4 » _
i A--Remedy
_ Rssuaietlfhsliversad
l kidneys and purifies the
_  scientific corn-
p_ound _of herbs, barks
- and roots for diseases of
' digestive system,
¢0nS_iiP0iion, dyspepsia,
iiverand-kidney troubles,
Sick headache, and ‘ill
bl00¢l and skin diseases
Cali and get a sample.
 A -_Foster
Central Druggist -
- `.-ef-..-.,\,_.
_c» .
l "THE HOMEWARD HEROES."
I si W'
From fields of distant bloody France,
The welcome heroes come,
Bearing the scars that do enhance,
The lame. the blind the dumb. '
We do not see the vigorous form
Their pride not long ago.
We see the fruit of shot and storm,
Of woes we do not know.
Their wounds are modest medals
worn, _
That glorify their name;
Their strength and mind are battle
torn:
Their least reward is fame.
Wit_h ringing cheers wo welcome
' ' them, -
And strive to take their hand, -
These who the tyrants cause con-
demn, ‘
But love their native land.
Think of the sacrifice they made,
Think what that deed implies,
When can their glittering glory fade!
Such deeds immortallse. _
The vacant chair is filled once more.
A mothers heart is glad. _
This soldiers gory strife is o'er;
Such joy itself is sad.
The picture varie-s 'as we gaze;
Sweetheart. chfld`, or wife. '
Appears from out this friendly haze,
And frees all thoughts from strife.
Honour a soldier's safe return;
Respect the wounds they’ve- won;
Make the' homeiires .brightly burn;
Honour the deeds, they'_ve done.
Tllo' many go. yet few return: l
The deed o'ercasts the sorrow,
And we at home in silence yearn
For- their homeward morrow.
The love and honour that we give
All time will n'er defacc:
Forever will their glory live,
And naught will take its place. ,
H. W. CLAIE.
Cutting Linlsra In Halves.
On the Great Lakes men are fever-
ishly at work building new ocean-
going steamers for the world is bad-
ly in' need of vessels at the present
time. These lakes are connected with
the sea by-canals, but the locks are'
not long enough to allow the passage-
of large shi-ps.
The difficulty, however, is overcome
in an ingenious way, for the ships are'
built so that they can' be divided and
floated down to the sea in halves.
The ship is divided just in front of
the engines. the openings being cover-
ed with timber. A tugboat tcws the
first portion, while the second half is
propelled by its own engfnes'. On their
arrival near the sea the two halves
are rejoined so skifuiiy that it is im~
possible to say where the join really'
is. These “half and half" ships 'too,
are just as strong as ships that have
n'evef°"b`een cut apart.
COLONIAL WOOL CLIPS- __
Purchase by__ Brltlsh Government
involves é30.000,000 dtsrrlng.
,The British War Office' announces
that an agreement has been' reached
with the Austfadian and New Zea-
land governulsnts for the purchase
of colonial wool clips on behalf of
the War Ofilce and that detailed ar-
rangements are being mode for the
hamiiing ni this-.se'asou’s clips; on
government acdount. -
'ima action, it is announced, was
tai; ‘-to _ggfeguatd the supplies of
yuh; (gr -t 9-olothing of, the British
and Ai ed -ari_nies_of production in the
wqoiiqn and worsted industries of
-Great Britain and her Alllies.
A Router 'despatch _i_r°\l_l 'M91'
hoiirng _nys _the sum involved in fthe
goygf-p1;'ig_|it'¢ .purchase of wool is
£l0_p0_9,_Q00 -sterling, bud that the
‘gyémmnn ,img with 'regard to
‘tad anihssmo t probably will
itvoga .s4°.opo§"¢8f‘ -
'_ - none! Nora.
ltr. game; Murlay. kll‘;`l_‘_lm°°d;n:‘__*°“
l ni ' no _ -
:i°ll$d‘ll»y‘h*iet?m"Mtlimm. whicnlfs salv-
lmliby tho _.Nortllumber£\llll _lklel .°."¢‘“'
ing for s handsome su of money 'la
Mr. A. Coliett. " _
 rlduflad rncusts. M
' ` 'rimell
(Lcui is -
Winn o gionnllist naturally want!
_ y to null Fl
mr ficlrlliisrlillkwit-”.A¢c0l\l1n¢ 0°
Brsckinridgo street and Sarraf- IV*
mi-,_ ii has prrrosssd to tlrssxtellt
um. me me ofsotiall 'W ii ““
Bridges, 21 Ste
_mas in their ol
it originally and they were wholly
Y , --`_¢ 7' V _ ___- _ . 1
l §, _
PERSONALS 'ms asm srosv or
- _ urs |N A TANK.
p th city yesmrda _ ' ' The _following vivid article by a
r_’~.. . _;.._ __ ,_
N tm ‘_ __ Mr. A. 0']-lanley. St Peter’s was
t
° y lli"rench gunner was printed in the
Hon H D Mcliiweu, Morell, was in French m°'"'|“° "L‘°"‘“”' P°“f
_ ' ' ' 'rooms' .. 
he My y°"°rd°y‘ ' Our “Tanks” have 'made their ba-
' \*~“ ‘--at,¢l .tll.ltlt‘.
w::°'{’,; f,;eAc;ty ;,“‘§2‘§§:';'» C““"5““' unegemg. Shit :swans ll-ay':::orlrs_
. ' _ irhcan speak of it, for I was ther-en
_ "' " - _ era -were only a few privileged-
rixgiylzges' gxhugg 3°P:;‘;l__°_’;‘e;_" people "in the know"-the mechanics,
"elm" yenerdn _ Y first of all. and the machine gunnefrs.
-7" ‘ like myself-because 'it was very neo-
Mr" P W o:"""__k"n,_ of the P E _e_ssary to experiment thbm into
' ‘ ' , ' ' Tanks" before sending them in o
Is’°‘§fglw“y£m9:a”l°"'°"°wn' “lem t° battle, and to teach each one of us
Y" 3'* _ . tllle .part he' would be called upbll to
Mr' J' J' M°L°°d" Fu" d° lmtch' P Llfwould be a great mistake to sup-
er, New Glasgow. N. S._,_came olver by was that tm, appmnqceshu, was a
"hit °°"'fe"'Y “i'S“'P9l` Y°'\°"d°Y- - soft job." lt is exceedingly un-
 - comfortable in_a "'i‘ank"; and. as my-
Mf' nd MW- 4.“’°"° D“m°“t- 59°!" friend- Charlie said to me (he is a
Cl“'l“'l-ma” DAY l-ll Ch”-l§il5l~9.l°lY“' *md blue-jacket. a regular 'sea-dog. and has
*`e¢‘"`“°¢l l-0.N°ll"ll`°l1...Y@!_l°|iiP\3’- been tgansferred from the navy for
_  _- -`5 ._ this' special work.) "It is as bad there
Ml" 39559 DHWWU- ‘0f A- HOF” as in a battleship turret."
& C0-. \li\l\l\\fil9¢l»,Y°P¢Ql'fl,l»¥ l.\'°l!\ Pl_¢‘ But _these were only minor troubl-
l°“ Wl10l`B llle BPS!!! Cl1l’lll.l_l10»B- es which we exaggerated during our
'”'l"'!l- _ _ training and for which we were amir
RSV- Bild MP5- L- J- L98_l'd lelll fin' ly repaid in the hour of battle,._ar`rd
BOBIOH 011 Cl1l'lB¢ll_!I~B__¢lB¥. #Hd Wm be particularly in the hour of triumph. 1
away about ten daysx- _
-4-- in the Front Lina.
Mr. Bert L. Silverstein, St. John,
N~- B-» "el”`§°9‘iu.F|5 - the F°m°““ We were lin the front line with our
Players, is ll! 7-l_\9~°l_-ty- "Tanks" in little Bfoups of
..__,_ .. I. _.. _
Mn- My Spencer- Sf- Jon- N- .'.°.°§’§...$“°‘h§‘;‘“‘3£.f.'$.?tf$‘.l’éZ.““'€f.‘ °.f
B-» is VlBlll“S ,(__lllP»"l°"°l°W“» me battleship had seemed to us so strik-
Slleli Ol Cliplfllli' _~5\I\¢ MP5- K°mP~ ing that we had' named our "Tanks"
R0°l\fQl‘d `3&l.'°0¢~ ' _ cf our own accord. There waa..t.he
 --‘- .A '_ crew of the “Creme de Menthe,l’,.- 'of
MF- Eilfllli Smllll- Clerk ln NE' the "Dipiodocus‘." and of one ironic-
Fosters l1rl_ls'ltore'wellf-$0 Emerald ally styled “The Boones' victory."
Cll\'l9¢lIli\B` DW WlW.l?0 alll* Wlll FDBM Indeed, the name of some prehistoric
a week. _ ‘ - - animal was very appropriate to this
- --__ kind of machine. The enormous sll-.
Mlss Carver. teaom or .Lower on- houette or ours amid the ...ting or'
-Pfl0W. N. S-. ls ill! 8 _ Cll9»l'l0U-6- Pozierss-where it had been 'quarter-
town, the guest'of Rev. C. R. and ed waiiting to be brought up to the
Mrs. Freeman. lime of fire-called' up in the rnoon~_
' _ light the idea of some fantastic mon-‘
Corp. A. W. Trowbridge, of the ster of prehistoric times. dt l_¢;_ci_ked
%.‘l.'.Ii?..RZ§E.“.i‘f.’f"..§i‘l‘;"‘tl..i’...ii"“ ‘Ll ¥.‘;‘i.“.E.".i'.§’.'f.§ lik; ‘f...‘I3.’.?.‘€'...... N23- evefnhng une -1-in -------.
his sister-in-law, Mrs-. C. J. Galia- thumberland, Scotsman, Canadians'
gher. _ and New Zealanders- who who were
presently to march into the firing-
Mwsrs Aeneas and Allalél Niaéedon- line with ua-staging at :ny machine
aid, Grand Tracadie, spent lr s mas". with cur- os. y an respec _
visiting friends and relatives at Mt. But the hour is approaching. Dawn
Stewart and Charlottetown. - will soon be here. I smoke my last
pipe, because, once inside the tank.
Mr. and Mrs. Stavert and child farewell to any' other chance of
have returned to Souris after spend- smoking! My good old' pipe, though
ing Christmas with Mr. and Mrs. it may be really'and truly my last
wart St. _ one! I gaze at the cnomous mach-
ine, whose engines are already begin-
Miss May MacLeod and Miss Mc- ning to groan terribly; it seems like
Nevin of Boston. are spending the a gigantic bomb. How will lit ll@l\9-VG
holidays with Mrs. Philip Bridges, ir a large shell falls on wp 0l it I
c|ty_ fear' it would be* the end of everything
-both of us and _of_the steel beast -it_;
Mr. and Mrs. Duggan returned yes- self. After all. C B War; We muff
terday to their home in Kensington wait till we see what llal>l;Bl1S- Hill;
afte~ spending a very pleasant Christ- 0011129 0\1\` 0fl'lC°l`- There 3 “ ‘l“ e
. _ ._ ..
are £0 d9Bl-l'0Y- Ican distinguish the
sandbagl heaped up and the walls
'Pierced .WW llialas- LW-is Will” 1111?.
es are _coming up from these holes' as
though they twill; safety valves for,
_ e.e ‘cs ln. Tileosrs ¢
guns me enemy. ‘ P ,' 
~ 0_ur ‘-'T_ank" ‘advances steadily ind
inexorably. A ditch-we clear it on
incline-we shale it; a heap of rub-
bish from I lidnlolished house- we
_pass over it. And then we come ro
the first barbed-wire entanglements.
Oar “Tank” does not even make an ef-
fort; .ever-ything breaks, everything
is crushed, everything is torn up.
Sollnlerrs of _wood lump up on all sides
of us. the cbevaux de (rise are beaten
down. I have the sensation of bein:
in the interior cf a gigantic iron
wedgle which is' cutting through some-
thing like butter.
As for ns, we fire without ceasing,
hand on 'gun and eye glued to the
loophole pierced’ in the steel, with
the swear pouring down our rom-
heads. ~
A thud; a. powerful -panting, a last
and almost lmperceptiblo stop! The
nose of our tank scatters sand and
cement bags and throws them l-ight
and'-left, as' if it were ploughing up a
field. Another violent shock, a heavy
blow and a crashing. We are going
straight through a wall. We arc pul-
V8l‘l2lIlR machineguns. Grenades
burst upon our armor. We are in the
midst of the "nest," All at once, ug-
ly German heads with terror in their
faces appear on both sides of us! To
work! Now it is my turn, and-that
of my comrades! Our machine guns
Crackle; cur bullets whistle in the
German trenches, taken thus; by en-
flade. and in the underground pass-
ages leading from the “nest" to the
rear.
The Germans are in the greatest
dl¥0\'<l@i`- They throw themselves
fiat on their stomachs, they raise
their arms to heaven, some oi! them
try to run away. A whistle sounds
in the "Tank" _and it stops. Then
wild cheerscome faintly to my ears,
and l soon see the dear old uniforms
of our boys who are taking posses.
sion of the "nest" and gatheringup
HIGH PRICES DUE TO “CHARGE
IT, PLEASE!"
Housekeeper Who Charges is But
Borrowing G°ods and In the End
“PHYS P3y'. Pays."
The High Cast of Living! What a
Bogey it has become And rightly
so. The War is responsible. Such is
the unanimous decision. But so also
is the housekeeper- who phone-3 for a
commodity and adds: “Oh, charge it
please.’" _ `
"That's a glib expression that is so
often on the lips of the young house-
keeper," says Louise Morris in the
current issue of Everywoman’s World
“It is so easy to buy when ilo
money is passed over the counter.
' d~ home at _M|||view_ rally, and a short address. He reminds Merchants like that mud or custom_
Miss Fannie Gill leaves this morn- 9
ing for Halifax to resume her duties l\0l° in 3 d°°"- _
on the staff of the Bank of Montreal The whole crew climbs on b0al°li
after s/pleasant holiday with her par- this fortress on wheels. I install my-
ents Mr. and Mrs. W. F.'i-i. Gill. sell in the narrow space. by the sid#
" of my machine gun, whose lmuzzlfedis
Mn A_ J_ TiemE,y_ formerly of pointing outside the stee -p ate-s. es
me ber of' the of the tank. and- fix my eye i0 tile
New Haven' now s. ln
’ _ i hole. “How hdt it ls!” said my
Nurthwest' Mounted Ponce' is rests noélghbor "It will be worse in an
tered at the Revere. Mr.. Tierney ex- __ -
pec-ts to leave shortly for England. _llléiélfiugt ;`h_;`__‘:_‘i_iho;’;;’__§_‘_’°_7___ll'_‘i’;‘;__ 1103;;
» ' ht to me, a oug e a as no
Mr. v. lo. sulllvsn. rrolsntagent. ylgt muy d__w__e___ in h_ontYo_ me I
of the Canadian Government Ra way _ d _ ti . new which have
at Halifax, who is well-lmcwn' among B” “"1 “ an ‘ag bs __ of ever
railway men hem’ passed ' away S llfligrg oulgasthellp on? Ellie sFourreau`l}l
°°“Dl° °f days' am after B' nmnonge Wood, where we are to operate.
m“°“' There is a crater to the left of the
e rt
Mr. Warren Leard of Alberton has ;')"__"°_‘)iu_Y"h_i'f_¥‘_;__;‘_f_°°;‘g;°gégrglfng ‘Lava
received “ mlegram that hm son converted into a fortress. This is
SP“*`3°“ W' Leard N°’ 712125 is the objective of the "Tank” on our
<l°llK°l'°\1°‘Y ill 1” N°- 6' "““°““"y left. At the right or the wood- there
clearing station, Somewhere in ____ __ redoubt described to us. as ex_
France- traordinarily' powerful; walls, inter-
inable barbed-wlire' chevaux de
MP- AUBUH L' Chappell' °! the' Else, a formidable entanglement. of
Marlllmb DQ“l“l P°"l°"°' New Glas' all sorts of vile contlivances. A real
sow. N- 5-- le =l‘°“dl“K °1"’“‘““@ "nest" of vllo beasts! This is to be
_with his mother Mrs. T. L. Chappell our jon By J0vB_ how sunmg it ,B5
`Pl‘ll1fl0 Sl-l‘°¢fl- Suddenly the glare of a rocket lights
-**" up the sky, followed by ten, twenty,
Pte. Cecil Kemp of the 8th Fleld thirty others . A sharp whistle
Ambulance. Sl- -l°h“» N~ B'~- 5°” °f sounds strangely in our prison. The
CHN- Kemp. lil Bllliilillllif B few days hour has really come; we are to
furlough at his home in Charlotte- sw,.t_
ww" b°f9"° going °v°"°a°' ML My heart is beating violently-i do
Kelllv held lm excellent P°°m°“ in not know why. One needs to have
the Bank of Montreal at Fredericton. ..Bea_]egs.. to “vom knocking one.
N- B-» l1°l°¥`° enllsung' self against the sides of this carizase
_ o steel. which is now waddiing a ong
'lVll‘- and MTB- J- W- 'A' G°"d°“' °f| u/llgracefuiiy over' ruts. and uneven
Boston. who were Called *9 “W l’,’°"`| places. 'i tslro noni or the metallic
ince by the illness and death of the handle of a case of machine-gun am-
iormer"s lllvlllef. MVB- Wane? F°|munition. The motor system of our
Gordon, Brudeneli. arrived ill I_l10,~'1‘snk" is gripping the soil, sticking
Clli' Y6Bl9`“l9-Y Bf¢9l`l`l°°“ “nd leave to it, gliding and dragging itself
lllls m°"“l“8 °“ "°t“"“ "° B°“t°“' along like a centiped'el».We move. tm-
’ wards, while the enthusiasticncheers
Miss C. Hlll>lBY Of Cl““`l°l'l°t°W“,of our infantry reach our-.q_ars', in
who has been in Shediac for some wus of the .fearful dm A,,_,_we ad.
time past in connection with the -R_:>8‘. vance the earth everywhere _around
er--Miller Co., has returned to Gtr, our i\~g¢k_ig,_plo\|ghod up -q.nd;,,thrown
home in Prince Edward island and a_~, “i(le,.<Bu£. Heavens. hofut. stifiinS it
ter Christmas will continue her pos - “_ and how iniemaiiy for away the
tion with the Miller C0.. lil 0“l°"l°~ Fourreaux Wood _seems to be.
Our "Tank” rolls down the slope
Captain John J. slake. M- D-. _Dei of' an oxDl0¢l@ll “ll-H€‘» bfgaklng
puty Assistant Director of Med l_!B through a house en route. A BOGS
Service, Halifax. arrived in the 0hl_Y well. _ -._ --,_
on Saturday l° SP9" Gl“`l°"““ “t bs Now we arrive at the bottom.
home here. He was-sccomplllllflil _Y Without apparent troublawe climb
his brother Claude of the -Super; 5' up the other side. ' Once. more the
ror's Department of the Cana all Bti-ip of sky Shows itself, and the
Bank of Commerce. .i_§E8€¢;a_l_;l}“_l7<;o0¢_;f l_l_‘_f"e lglagzrgéaltéls
or _
Mrs. L. Beaton of Bonshaw left i0l‘ ngallfr. Bang! A shell has hit us.
an extended visit to the Pacific Coast "hood ou" and the noise of the _im-
on‘ Dec. 16th. While away she willl D9 .pact and bursting of the shell ma all
the guest of her brothers, Oliver and me wnolc carcass vibrate, but other-
,summer Myer-_r of Port Blake1ey_a_l;_l_i_i wl¢s_no damatsus delle and we sv
T°°°m° '°°°°°"v°ly 'am' ml B ‘sh - °“"'fay on-ll\‘ad~ thysn s flash over my
Mn' Al” mute °fV$l,n.rlliB:»‘;k:r?fl"Vslle hogs *gr "Tallk" is trembling from
yggvgntvvegrgottge has reversal rslgtf top,to bottom. and has stopped' for
‘ ' *ii-i d and will be sway! the eighth of a second. We have just
“'°° ““" °“ ' li has ni-so 'rms omotuol rumbling over
'bout "“°°°im°mh" H" mm' r .ri a  baspa disturbiltl effect: the
"ml M' ° Dl°"‘nti:°m” m ' :yachine rssounds.; the sir vll>l'&¢°l-
safe return in th_e_‘l_Dl' I- - _‘Tilly *N KUWDI dt. _these _Bochesl
__M ' .___ _.___-.......- 1'.-,¢i¢_ iogk, tocklh 'llhouslzndii _def
 , '. - "well, .t__dkl" _few ° ,sl 0° H “I
-»-»-----~»f~---_-»,;;»;;'.=°,‘;'.:;'.:' :rl ;'.'..;>“:.°.‘.€.°.:‘.‘;...:'.°.f°."§i.:"§ 
?.‘2..'{"2T.'i'€.»Tl'l°l\f°_  _ P My'-v~“°°. °f * “'°,!,_i“,g--‘"‘“- ""‘°
..c°m¢_ wma, my msn." he said. german guns have op__ me on ul-
” yum” lcnoy hy the sleevo.l Bug in igitb, they are _ _ shots.
,!§"“'d§n., ,,,,,¢-,,,-|||\.t- i eurtoll itnq~i,¢'y have rr much oaooeoa _om .ma-
is by yo... leon. rm-_aio ll- tw »\»r_~ln}e u vtllul -sf -\>='°¢ ='-lln‘.l"'» ~°
_nll_i»_r~losall. C av lad 0*5fi°“ ‘-'°-‘_ ,,i¢.....--° -- . ' wal. - __
harms so ann ent of ill “ °"“ - -"rwo nominal 'rwo be nine. ls lu- . - __ _N _wni _ _
9 nun.. M“°,,¢.i Quay. Ms fact Giqsn o n
Y. :xg rlfsisiusa?  the resl _trou- At last ws sro near the "nest" we
ble NIU*
` us of our respective rolls and of what
Miss Bessie Duggan returned yes- Sl\‘_D°“Sl“__H*1l5 ffxllects hm” °t “B
terday to her home in Mlllview after and Of U10 0_;1;_““l;”;_n_‘_“_;f_§of‘l’_’;‘_l’_§le‘:1‘I‘i;l£
a pleasant vim' with hier sister' Mrs' ‘AB (l,li]al(il`l:>l§ isagpened in the side of
George Duggan, Kens ngton. _. me __Tank__ _md one by one we enter
th interior. like cats going through a
cr, they encourage them; but you
young housekeepers, and cid ones
too-for the young ‘chargers become
old ‘chargers' in time, since we de-
velop either our good or bad charac-
teristics with thle years- just stop a
moment and think that we‘ are get-
ting nothing for nothing. We have to
pay in this world for everything- we
get; we pay in tears, in regrets, in re-
morse, for all our mistakes. We pay
eventually in coin of the realm for
nail we- buy of material goods; the day
of reckoning is bound to come, and
then, as Kipling says, we ‘pay, pay,
pay.’ _ But that is a phase that we
often forget. One admires one buys,
and then "charge it’ -is so much easi-
er than going to one's pocket book.
"Now you women who, day by day.
buy on credit, do you know that you
are not buying, but- only borrowing
from those merchants who sell you
their goods? So many women buy
and intend to pay next month,’ and
then ‘next month’ sometimes becomes
‘next year.' Paradoxically speaking,
if you have the cash to pay today.
pay 'today then only is
it permissible to buy on
credit. Only the very wealthy. of
which the percentage is so small, can
afford to have charge accounts.
“Suppose a woman does select her
own goods!
_“She goes into the hutchers'. ‘How
much are turkeys this mornlng'?' 25
cents a pound.' 'All right, I'll have
that one’- possibly a 10-poundefr -
‘just charge it please.’ Now if she
had to take _two dollars and a half
out of her purse. she might have
thought ‘$2.50 for two days' dinners,
how awful! "l'll get something less
expensive. $2_50 makes a good hole_
in a pocket these days, but ‘charge it
makes not the slightest indentation
on the lips’
"Of course eventually these bills
must be paid. and tll°Y BFS by lllnl Of
much frenzied finance on the pmt
of the charger." <
The article continues with detailed
reasons why this practice is a meas-
ure of extravagance. a cause for the
High Cost of Living. Miss Morris
concludes with a caution to the would
be young housekeeper: _
"What young man starting out 0ll
business does so without counting
‘the cost and laying careful plans for
the future? He doc-s not trust to
Father -to take up his notes or to helD
him out with a fifty dollar cheque if
good home-maker you must make o.
'he run short; and if you want to be al
business of hcuseke0i>lllE-”
S'i`0CK QU0l`ATl0NS
(Special to the Guardian.)
HALIFAX, N. S.. December 26-
iquolstlons furnished by P- B- MC'
Curdy & Cc., stock and bond brokers.
members Montreal Stock Exchange.
McCurdy Building, ~l-lslifox. N. S.)
CLOSING PRICES
To-day
Atchison . . . . . . . . . .
..  104%
Am0andFy.. .  ... 66%
ArnLoco..... . ....78-
_Ansconda  .  83%
AmS&R..... . ..  105
Can Pac .. .. . ..  l6'l~
 .....10Z-1%
‘Crucible Steel .. ..  ti2_
M.lr.ct.......  _....8456
Max Nor Power .. .. . .  97%
.P. S. Stool   .....,_78
Reading ....    .,108
B. P.    97%
‘Studbslrer  ..  .......11i
|11, S. Steel   ....._..l07%
Pte. William Gordon, Montague.
Patrick A. McManus, Bonlhsw.
Gunner Neil Mclsoac, Solaris.
John Currie, Charlottetown.
LeRoy B. Kidily, Charlottetown.
Corp. John W. Hume, Wood islands
North.
James McLellan. Grand River.
J. A. Furness, Charlottetown.
i
Pte. Ed. Hlcken, Georgetown.
Driver W. L. Ferguson, Alexandria.
Harold Gillis, Summerlids.
Ronald Vessey, Charlottetown.
Wilfred McKinley, Sydney.
Daniel L. McBeth, iris.
William Mclntyre, Charlottetown.
George Currie Georgetown.
Herbert Cecil Maclutyre, Souris.
John Stewart. Wood islands.
Emanuel Doiron, Charlottetown.
Gunner W.G. Bruce, Red Point.
Pte. C_A. Arnold, Charlottetown.
Pte. L. Conin, Morell.
Pte. S. lil. Chandler, lt. Albion.
Pte. Fred Halliday, Eldon.
P. Carragher, Kslly's Cross.
Fidele Gallant, Tignilh.
Capt. Fred Mays, Charlottetown.
Nelson H. McLeod, Alberton.
Harry Riley, Sea Cow Pond.
Percy Mstherali, Fortune Cove.
H. A. McBeth. Iris. `
Harold Beairsto, Alberton. _
Percy Clark Sharron, Crspsud.
Pte. Lester Proud. Charlottetown
Gunner J. Bowden, Charlottetown.
Pts. N. McKenzie. Nine Mile Creek
harry Docherty, Martinvllle. _
Pte. W. A. McQueen, Mt. Vernon
Pte. John McLeod, Park Corner,
Freeman Clark. Charlottetown.
Edward Dickson, Georgetown
Wilfrid C. McDonald, Georgetown
Pte. George F. Allan, Charlottetown
.Charles McKinnon. Charlottetown.
Pte. Malcolm Mc.Aulsy, P-h’_t.own. .
Cpl. Peter A. Hughes, Mill Cove.
Sergt. F. Simmons, Clyde River.
John F.-McLeod. I-'ark _Corner.  »
John Gallant, Summerside.
U. Allan Steele, Newport.
Peter McDougall. Moreli.
Cpl. Geo. Burns, Malpeque.
Pte. F. J. Brown, Mt. Albion.
Pte. Ernest Gaudet, Bt. Nicholas.
Pte. Geo. Bowness, Alberton.
L. Sgt. P. H. Crockett, York.
Sgt. L. S. McDonald, Peters Road.
L. Corp. Jas. Ct-les, Winsloe.
Gordon , Manderson, Malpeque.
Paul G. Boiron, Bloomfield.
Jas. H. Stewart. Donaldston.
Bsppsr R. Coliins_ Hunter River.
Leslie M. Robertson, Mt. Hope.
L J. Marshall, Covehead.
Guo. H. Robertson, Bradalbane.
Kilburn R Sharron. Crapaud.
William .\. Alien, Georgetown.
J. T. Robertson, Charlottetown.
Urlas' McDonald, Kelly's Cross.
Sglt. C. Bovyer Hamm. Hillsboro.
Corpl. E. J. I-owers, Tracadie.
W. G. Silliker, 0’Leary.
Bomb. Charles L. Meurant, Souris
Sgt. Hugh S. McLeod, Caledonia.
Harold J. Patterson, (Glace Bayy,
Chariot/tetown.
Jerome Graham. Murray Harbor.
George McLellan, Margate.
D. Lamont, Montague.
Corp. D. L. McBea.th, Iris.
B. Boisne/r, West Royalty.
John C. McEwen. New Dominion.
Prescott Forbes, Tyne Valley .
L.-Corp. Jas. L. Hayden, Verncu
River.
Thos. Pope, St. Peter’s.`
J. P. Carraghar, Kelly's Cross.
Albert Louis Heron, Charlottetown.
Fsrrfer. James Gfliisple. Appin Road.
Sapper J. McDonald, Charlottetown.
H. B'-airsto. Halllurion. -
Fred Hooper. Charlottetown.
James Martin, Alberton. .
Sgt. Daniel'McPhevraon. Caledonia
John Collier. Charlottetown.
Prescott Forbes, Tyne Valley, wound-
.ed twlco. ‘
Sgt. J. R. Lacey. Blooming Point. -_
Daniel Todd, Summerside. l
J. M. Dixon, Fortune Bridge.
Corp. C.W. McArthur, Cornwall.
J. M. Gallant, Charlottetown. `
R. K. Boswell, Crapaud.
Donald Hume, iris
Gr. E. Graham, Wellington.
Murdoch Matheson. Melville.
Robert McGnigan. Malpeque.
.fumes Herroll, Char'1\teto'yn. Robe
slgl. Aubrey Bell, Montague. Mathis
Pte H. J. Wells, Elmsdale.
Peter M. Grant. BanK0f» P- ll- l-
Pster _HcKensie. St. i‘otsr's Bly.
Wilfrid -R.. Gunn. New i-unlimi-
Mslcolm Gillis. Mount Vernon.
Ben. C. navlmn ch...-iottotown. .
i J_ F , St. Peters Bay.
 B._Vl;:l\<';:l.r Sou‘hport (in Han-
over.) ' _ _  _
J. F Poms. Cllsrlntihi-Owl!
Pts. Js.s..rlswson Broun.
elmo- All.-ol amos, uianll- T
nm. ganna gum:-lac” _
#Tin Tana 5W°oo.'eool‘si€»v~ 1,
you A.-a. .uwm - -
Wa u. Point
..... ...... .....-. 141”
    102%
ng#  nutckywus root
_ _ _ K_I_L.l,.l_P IN AQUQN
GUARDIAN _ _ .___ .- PAGE __ __
Island Roll of Honor
crm `a. am. Puqula nm. Aron. csmplnu Loo; rim. sun.-t molten,  anyhow, xi. I..
L. C. Henderson. Una? Road. Waiter Lsnts, Chsrlottlowl. - (fornrsriy of Georgetown.) -' ' ' _
John noun cam neon marry sf»iAm.or. msconau. olm watson nbos lmalsitos.
. . . .
Corp. Robert 0. Stewart. Daastsif- » Sergt. Wm._8.   ;-
NIO- Pte. Alu. Los-nol_ 0111.301!!! Davis llcibscheru, ran roo  5... ` _
‘f»'i2“§' "°-'§f"'i..°'l1°'é" ...nt “rf’.7»”v‘.?""“..»¢°"¢l"‘r§T.i.'& §i'.'.§' "°"“°"’ °'  " - ' 
.amos srs , ova _o .' . Ai gun' 1- " _
Pte. William Hughes. Mill Cove. . Pts. Angus llcbonsld. Rosohsrry 5% migvpwf i- gm __
Pts. T. J. Martin, Charlottetown. Arthur Robinson, Augustine Covo. um',‘,__C°,.p_ Jmiohim ||cm“\,¢n_
go lang; Moléeod. Charlottetown Richard Wx;-burtok Charlottetown. 50,,-m_ _ '_ ___ _  ` __.. 
0- - On. uperosux. Lt. itsl gors. inston. ‘ -'   ‘.' ' _ "'-_ -
M. J. ri-sm, Montague. - l.. corplfhii. stools. Nexpon. l wg Aé°l"°"$£‘_;,f,§&“ “l
James F. 1-1s;m_ nope aim. . lmulr nuou. Blu cove. - » W -L: ° “(3 w ' .
clam. r.. rua oaulomtown; wut rr. neuron. om. ami. ~ ma '°"- °_°'¢°° '"'~ i -
John wsuon. Alberton. _ ‘ ooo. H, csmpmll. cape 'ri-sm-ss. C!" ° A DW!" “K»,- l_‘_I»‘l'1.1.1°-_“._.____-
Frank Allan, Charlottetown. Sargt. Herbert C. Mohltyre. , ' ' ~' 3*"-V 5' m°A"'““'  ,.,
rel-one salient, clmloustown. ' coma Peters. clrsrlottotown. 1°!-Cvnavllr-"Jlill.\!\la~l:;_`1<. f~.~"€_ 
Wm. M. McLaren, Cable Head. Sgt.-Major John McKay, Chftown. 9'- W- H-H°°¥l’°!l~ M25* ‘ls _. _ _- ‘ _
Pius J. Campbell. litmus. John Moharen, Charlottetown. EdWP"`d fl“'F°“ --slhuhl Vu# 'll ,,_ _,Nye
T. Guy Owen, Charlottetown. Robt. S. Warren, Broikton. l`l~°b¢- 3- W°"'°“'~ B"°¢°°*°_ "-'"‘ ' 'A-1 ’
W. J. Duffy, Charlottetown. Everett McLeod, Grand View. Pte. Arthur Ling. _Blrackley _'_
Corpl. J. W. McLaren, Forest Hill. Bernard Murray, Charlottetown. ' Llelll- Gm* N°‘*'°U» .C“"‘l.l5”'°
P19- W- -7- Duffy. Chariotwown. Angus McLeod, Uigg, Lloyd Leernan,‘CHlK°"Y lfknmy
Pte Emmet M\l\'Dl1Y. Sfllllliiy Bridge Donald McDonald, 0'Leary. Georgetown.) _V --  '.' " ` TQ ~
corp. E. J. Powers, Tracadie. ' 'r. A. Phillips. mt. Pleasant James Dsagle- B-0". °r-._,_'   if
. George~'~Jei!rey, »l»inislet|»0v.».@ .~s»-._`.» .. ,J
C0111. H. L. Robertson, Kingsboro. Edgar Finlayson, Charlottetown. S .. _rt B___B_m som Q__Y__  ____ :_
Tlwlllall Leeman. Calgary (formerly (formerly or New Pol-th.) Ll-_ ww* P _ '  
of Georgetown.) Alexander smytne, ralmsarlo. Ié-__C°rg-l_i_l:_l;l3_f}_D°I§lx_l{3'_.;_}\lll9r§av.- _
- ' WSI' `» -
Lt. M. McLaren, British Columbia, Donsild McDonald, 0Leary. _ I M Leod_ H__mmo___ ont____
g _
fi? 7*`s:...p.¢.¢~»° "’ "..` “L1   -
iȢ
William Heckbert, Montague. l.loyd` Leernan, Calgary, formerly or Llelll- Dim - ° _ mv ,_
‘ l
Georgetown.
DIED OF WOUNDS.
Gr. F. S. Halliday.
Donald D. McPherson, Glenwilliams.
Gordon Manderson, Maipequs.
William Mclntyre. Charlottetown.
Pte. John W. McDonald, Brsdslbono.
Private Arch. McKinnon, Canoe Cove.
Henry Bryan, Compton, Bangor.
George Dunn. Rustico.
l William D. ucrnnnon. Hestnu-dale.
WOUNDED
`Sgl.. Fred Bagnall, Hazel Grove.
Pte. Earl G. Read_ Summerside.
Harry E. Bernard, Long River.
Clovis Gauthier, Summerside-
A. Vessey, York.
A. C. Walker, Georgetown.
Patrick Hagan. Hope River.
George I. Brandor, Malpeque.
Frank R. McAdam. North River.
James McKinnon, Lot 14. `
Pius J. Campbell, Lakeville. -
Frank R. McAdam, North River.
Edward Dougan, Traoadie.
Sami. W. McBeath, Forest Hill.
David Burns, Spring Valley.
James G. Kinch, Tignish. .
Warren Myers, Mt. Albion.
Fred C. Essery, Union Road.
John L. McLellan, Summerside.
Charles A. McDonald, Iris, Lot 62.
Colin McDougall, Moroll.
George Thompson, Summerside.
Percy T. Lee. Sumlperside.
W. S. Hughes, Charlottetown.
Augustine Gallant, St. Ralphaei.
Gr. Ernest Marshall, Stanhope.
Fusilier L. Fougere, Souris.
Anselm P.. Morgan, Chhrlottetcyqn.
Gr.-Joseph M. Campbell, Lakeville.
Private Geo. W. Sharp, Summersids.
Private J. E. Lockerbie, Cascumpec
Private Bruce McLellan. Indian River.
Pte Damien McKenna, Charlottetown
Private Charles S. Beaton, Brookdeld
Corp. Ambrose Cosgrove. Wellington
Wilfred Clark Wright, Victoria Cra-
paud.
Robert Tralnor. Charlottetown. (Van-
couver, B. C.) _
Lieut. Reuben E. Stowlrl. Wilmot
Valley (Montreal).
Corp. H. S. Pearson, Charlottetown.
(Victoria Australia) .
Plc. MJ. Fraser, whim Road Cross.
Lance Corporal M.W. Chisholm. Uigg.
Lnnne Corporal. Angus Arsonsult.
Ahram's Village _
Primm- W.-E.ll. McKay, llradslbmo.
(Gas Poisoning).
Murdock Neil McPhee. Hestherdsio.
Stephen McKinnon, Charlottetown.
Private Pets-r Martin Grant, Bangor.
Pte. Samuel Ellllrlt, Winslow Station.
Pte. Harry Riley. S4-n Cow Pond, Lot 1
Pte. Donald F. Campbell, Newport.
Lot 54.
Sergeant John A. ll|oLesn, North Cav
digsu.
Private Gordon M. Sinclair, Montague:
Pte. Wm. C, Dv-laney, Kensington.
l.leut. Em- Warburton. Charlottetown.;
Pte. Clifford lingers, Miscoucllo, P.E.I.
Creek.
Sergt. John A. McNeill. Charlottetown
Dnnalrl D.' McPherson, Glen- William.
(seriously ill). ' `
Lt. Sergt. Robert H. Duvar, Mill River
Corp Spencer Stewart. Sprfngton.
Lieut. McPherson. _West Royalty.
Corp. Harry Bowness, Montrose.
A. W._ Wilson. Cardigan.
J. J. McLeod. Richmond.
Pte, Mai-tin, Eldon, 'Rofnal W Gauthier, North Rustlcof
ll' ~~
W. E. McLellan. Greenmount.
Sergt. N. W. ,Lowthery Kensington.
John 0’Brlen. Lincoln.
H. Beairsto, Darnley.
W. F. Huestis, Charlottetown.
A. Reid, Victoria Cross.
'Gunner James M. Smith, Lot 58, (Ser
ioullly ill.)
Samuel Fhanrllsr. Pownal.
J. A. Gasbee, Gladstone. ‘ _
Capt. Wm. J. Grant, G'crgetown.
Pts. Lloyd Leeman. formerly of
Georgetown. (Calga/ry.)
Murdock McDonald. Rose Valley.
Leo Arsenault. Charlottetown.
J. C. McMillan. Fairview.
Gr. Lowden Beer. Charlottetown.
Herbert Jarvis, Grand ‘Tl-scadie.
Gr Walter P.McLaughlin, St. Teresss
C. E. Dorion, Bloomfield.
J. G. Kinch, Tignisll
Gr. Arthur Gamster. Hunter River.
Lt. Thomas Fullerton.
Hugh Boulter
Everett_C. Robertson, Pownal.
Private D. G. Gilbert, Fanning. _
rt McGuigan, Malpequef ~ `
(formerly of Fla er.) _ _
.--A _i
mute waitin' "sn`n€h'- Pownil. twist
omCsnsdu)”» "  ~ T11- *'
John Daniel J_srvis,;G_rand 'l‘rl°_llll0. _
John D. Burns, Sprina "'h‘liey.-
Sgt. Thomas C Hferlihy, Hebrgn.-Lot. 8.~
Corp. Ambrose Cosgrove, Wellington
C. ‘I-I. McKenzie, O'Leary.
Major 'Allen B, Connors. Sumxersidg
_sgt. J. J. l\aoCsn_ve_lll.<;j_r»=ill1\l<Y,§_.’ - '
D. G. Fanning, Chsrlotteurwn.
Pte. Daniel Stewart, Dundtaifnllo.
Daniel H. Bears, Brooklyn, Lot 61.
James-Marshal), Cove Head l,t,0¢¢|,
Pte. F. Gaudet, Miscouche." " '
Sgt. A. Phillips,-Charlottetnwlj';-.. .
Patrick Hogan, Hope River. ‘
Pte. V.E. McLeod, Fl6del"lc$o|\,P.U.L
Corp. Prescott For-bell. (twice wound-
ed'), Tyne \'alley. , i
Gerald -Walter Riley, Hilisl),°l’°l-ills. _
Prescott Forbes, Tyne Valley ' _
Pte. Roy Fitzgerald. Chariottetovfn
Pte. Harry Lund. __C l1.l‘l0t¢, 0,, __ 
Pte. Michael Jarvis%“C` ve e£I€a'§:'“""*'
L. Corp. Elmer Bow_ness,,';Norboro. »
Cpl. L. Wm. West, Crapaud.
Hammond Jd'iinsoli.”Cha`riott¢ti!wlf:- "'
Pte. Michael Dalton, Georgetown.__
Pte. John McGougan, Malpequeg’ '
Pte. C. A. Rogerson, Klnkora.
Corp. L. W. May, West Covehead. ‘
Augustus W. Down. St. -Fetefl Bly:
Ceo. A. Crossman_ Charlottetown.
Lance Cpl. Fred Andrews, Ch'Town.
John McLeod._iaon _of.Angus Monaco).-_
Charlottetown. _ _
Urban P. Bradley. St.-»'l'heresa's;' - '
John A. Stewart, Charlottetown. '_' t
Wm. Goodwin, Morell. -' ‘ f
Louis McMurrer, Charlottetown. _
Everett McLeod, Grand View. ‘ `
Russel Ingles, Kensington. ~
Joseph R. McKinnon, Lot 14. -
John Goodwill McQuarrie, New Dom-
inion.
Harry Whitlock, Charlottetown.
Thaddie Knockwood. Lennox Island.
Lc.Corpl.Joseph J.Simons. St. Peter'l`-
Wm. W. Riley, Hillsboro. '-
Maurice Doiron, South Rustico.
Tom Leeman. Calgary, formerly of
Georgetown. ..- .   -» »
William Wright Huestis,. Chn.rlotto_
own. r
Ssrgt R. W. Cameron. Charlottetown,
Hugh W. Oxenham. Royalty Junction.
.lohn McLaren, Forest _I-Lili. 
Pte. Fred McLeod. French River. `
Gr. Vernon L. Buurke...Gharlottotown. .
Gamatiel Gillis. Montague. '
Lieut, Parker Hooper, Charlottetown.
Cr. Albert C. Dennis. Charlottetown.
Sergt Robert H. Nicho)son,.Ch!tovm_
John T._ Bishop. Mount Buchanan.
Elmer Bowness. Kensington.
Augustine Gallant, St: Raphael.
Wm. Alley. Cardigan.
.lohn McDonald ,Mllbum. -
J, Frank McLean. St. Peter's Bay.
_.L N Conroy. Charlottetown;
Donald M Stewart F est Hi
' - ._ or ll. _
mr. Aioxrmlor Mcnoogsli, moo ullo! Edward Foley. st.» Patou-'s Bay. -
Gr. D. MacDonald, Souris. -
C. W. Found, Fredericton. ‘-
‘ Albert Roach, Darniey. -‘ .
Corp. David A. Barbour. Almsf - c
Pte. McAusland. 'I’yn_e'-_ Valley. .4 _
F. E. Martin, Belfast, (Seriously-ill.)
l`t. A. Handy, Tignisha _. 3-' - ~
John H. McKlnnoll. Riverdale.
liarry Stewart, Strathgartney. 1
.Zenos Ernest Perry, WpiiingtEp_.
R. McGougan, irishtowp, . -
B. Waugh, Summerside, __ _» '
Pte. A. D. Martin, Montague '
B. T. Gorman, South Melville. -1 .
H. A. McLean, Peters Road.
Pte. Harold Hllmlan, C_ ry Valley.
Corp. Ernest Perry, M y Creek.
Pte. Russel McLean. hsrlottetown.
Pte. R .W. McDonald, Poplar Point.
Lc.-Corpl. Albert Roach, Darnley.
Charles Hine, (‘.llarlot't'etown.
L. L. Jenkins, Charlottetown _
Pte. Thomas Leeman, formerly of
Georgetown. (Calgary.i“ `
Hugh Boulter, infantryr _
Leslie McDonald, Peters Road. `
F. E. Stewart. Red Point,
R. McDonald, St. Peters Bay. '
John McLeod. Charlottetown. "
F. E. Cahill. Tignish. ` '
Gr. F. Halliday, Eldon. '_ . _
Harry Riggs, Charlottetown! " ' -
Charles Duffy, Charlottetbwil. ‘
James Matheson, Charlottetown.
Lc.-Corp. Albert Roticli, (also woun-
ded.) ‘
Corpl, graiton Enman,‘Verpori _R_i_v_ei*.
. DISCHARGED ON ACCOUNT. OF 'ILLNESS - = -
Hugh McKinnon, Wood Islands." ' -
Gr. J. C. Mathleson, Charlottetown.
s J. Trainor. Hope River. _(seriously iii.) Gr. Ernest Davey, Chsriottstowr.
Pmsonsns in csnluahv.
Charles El|ory,_Uqion Road. ~
Malcolm Stgiwarg Georgetown.
Lieat. C.B. Pit lado. Charlottetown.
Corp. J. D. McI‘bee.'Georgetown.
Pte. John Murphy. Charlottetown, in
Switzerland. -
Russel McLean. Charlottetown
-qllssluo. ‘ ' .
L°-‘C°'°_‘- J' B' CW" 8“N,,,“f"i°,¢4¢¢"‘°°"l»‘il‘ilay¢l¢ _M¢Z»g§:lgl°'n'<’>2:' valley _
also on ml.|1‘.Anvl ssnvlcl _
ru. omlslfu. ar s. in. vsmon.
o s -unison. emma
_ _ .__. - . YD.. ._ __<_-__
.l."?§~-......  ..... .....__  °.::.-_.°.ra..‘_ltf:;la..._i -
Donald Campbell pupils' dove.
2:."
c»_p\.-r.s|. -- ~ - -
_"ll
__ _ _ ___ __ ._ _,___ _*_ _ __ ___.,,___ _ ___ ___-___.\_ _  _._
ra'»snau.wl‘>~v-'_  ' H *tn* its
. _ _s_~-’
Private Daniel A. Simons. Port Wool.
in Switzerland. ` _ _
Pi.s.Lsster C_ rJohnstaoll, _Inq s  _
Salprsr Ridlltird Coililllé: _  __ _
vor.' '  
J.J? McBeth. Bridgetown, (eichang_a¢!_)_
Lt. A. r.. collott, ci-'apron Iirormitiy'
wounded.) _ _ ___ _
.
, . ... _.i .
-_(}hsrl_o_s Surfer. Cape  'fill
me iommct .1. nm.-oil, indian atnr.
 McDonald. _Pin‘stte;_'__  ,_'
lsfor W.`L. Hsrvis,  Ir N...
Lanes Co Giliifs summer-lilo: r `
JL' E- -Loc °rhv._-Mslaesao. _
,killed in songs.) -. . A-lp-_ _ 
John Alwsrd, hariottetowu.  ., .-,-.
rm umm, ssdoo. - ._, -  _
_ . _.. _,n . _‘
. -ti.. _ ‘.'
in ~ A
' ' .rms wa *rits
_ e
.
,M
- r .,.
i
.-; '7
/;;§
=#~:
.

il ll?
‘ii
»
_ .
  ‘ 
ab
.i.
...lg

1 _
_.Lv
i_,_,
.-.-‘, .
I
auf
ll:-.' -
'gift
.,_,-
_ ,_
- ee’
ffl _
'fr
-3
,,-
._ ,_
llf'
~-'_--r
sz .»
ll'-.4

df
git
- .¢._
y' 
l gf _
J 
i=§l!._‘
‘»§t =
l #$1
Fld-f
.T .if
sx:."L ‘
' -:ga
gs.
ed'
iii' 2
5' if
~1il .-
'il
1. t-
,_
_'W .
#iii
'l

.4 
f' ’

ll.
-__
.1 _- ~¢‘
.-.-'.3

;5_*-5
_lf lf' 3
lil*
_,ig
‘__
fléliz -_
" 32.
. ,___
. <"'¢"zvT
 'zea-
{ ll
-.f '£-
._
lf.
l..
l -

l 5' 
._ P.;
g.
lim,
-if
cg'
__
r._z~.‘.' ,_ a.
.94
. ,ti .
.l. '.4
_  
.ii
X] \
_\,:.
i
` ‘ref
1
,l
eds-
0.”
1'; a_ .