flanornm’ if dfiaicrtc. VOL. 22. ltgtstattbc isrorrtutngo. uousrz or ASSEMBLY. MORNING SITTING. Moarnax, February I6. House is Coirusi-i--r-s;i-. orr Pnivtauons or I-1r.nc'rtoiv. --Mr. DAVIES in the Chair. Exrntvsus cortsnq,ua‘.rr's' trrors ‘rtin x:rv1-x.tt1'atrrtivu or nts: l’r:'rt-riots or Masts-rrr Bvnrrn, I1sq., AGAINIT nu: Ric-roars or Ronxiticx M‘Aur.av, Esq., as A Musnitrt Ion Guano:-rower. Mr. FRASER. as Chairman ofthe Committee appointed to its- certriiu the amount 0 " Experises, and report thereon to the House, submitted the following Account of Expenses and subjoiued Resnlutimr. Rrroltml, As the opinion of the Committe t, that the Fine incurred by the High Slieriif ofKing's County, for not corrrplying with tlte Provisions of the Election l.nw. when conducting the _I-llectioii held in Georgetown in December last, be commuted on lus paying the Expenses attending said Electiuri.’ Disbursements of the Sergeant at Arms in procuring the atten- dance of Witnesses for the Hoirorable the House of Assembly, re- lative to the Georgetown Election. Travelling 70 miles to serve Peter M‘Callnm, Esq. with Summons, at Cd £1 15 0 Service ofsumrnons 0 2 3 'I‘ravelliiig 60 miles to serve Wm. Sanderson I 10 0 Service ol' Summons - - 3 3 Paid Wm. Sanderson his travelling expenses, and two days‘ attendance - - 1 5 0 _ £5 to o Attorney General - - 1 10 £7 5 0 Ilouse of Assembly, Feb 8, I853. Ilon. Mr. COLES thought the amount was so small, that it might very well be thrown in with the contingent expenses of t o Ses- ston. .'lIr.'l‘HORNTON thought, that as the election had been declared void on account of n ririsapprehension of duty on the part of the Re- turning Otficer, that oflicer ought to he called upon to refund the £8 paid to him h each of the Candidates. lllr. WIG lI'l‘h AN. He would have reason to congratulate him- -«tr on his good fortune and the lenity ufthe House, ifhe got olfso I‘ 1\ll\ Tllr. l'\L\ll-IR. It would be beneath the dignity rd’ the House, 1 » lllsni upon the payment, by the Returning Uficer, of so paltry :-. stint as that ritated in the Report. Mr. M'Callum hrtd lrecly ud- niizn-ul, that be had not complied with a certain provision of the Election Law; but it was quite evident. that he had not (as he had himself stated in his apology), erred through wilful or culpable neg- ligence, but solely in consequence of his ltaving misinterpreted the law in its application to himself, when. as Deputy Sherifi', discharg- ing the duties oflteturning Ollicer. Under no circurnstrtnces, it would be positively wron to impose any penalty whatever upon the Returning Olliccr. 5 any elections had been set aside, owing to aim" at otninsious a ' lurities on the part of the Returning Olicers; but yet no penalties had ever been exacted from the de- faulting rties. Then, why should it now be thought proper to pounce own upon Mr. M‘Gnllum in this case I Ile bad honestly confused the emission, in consequence of which. the election a been made void; but he has given a good reason fo the oinissiou. The Sheriff cannot personally attend at all elections; although he may judge of the validity ofall. Mr. llI‘Callum is the Deputy She- rilfof Kin 's County. and when acting, at the snare time, as Re- turning 0| cer at the Georgetown Election, he entitled, as Retur- ing Ollicer, to swear to. and subscribe the Return to the Sheriff; thinking it unnecessary, because such Return would actually have been from himself to himself, as he expressed it, when under ex- amination. Ile in the capacity of She-rill‘, re uired no evidence from ltiinself, in the capacity of Returning 0 ‘cor, or what had taken place before his own eyes in the latter capacity. better reason could not possibly have been given for any error; and acting, as we profess to act, under the inluence of impartial and equitable feelings, it appears to tne, that Mr. llI‘Callum‘s explanation of his conduct ought to be received by us, as fully satisfactory; and ac- counted ts sullicient exoncralion of him from all penal liability. It was with the greatest reluctance that I voted the election void. The only irregularity proved to have occurred irt connection with it was. that admitted and accounted for by the Returning Ollicer, Mr. hl‘Cal|um; and is eftliat nature which has occasioned an incon- venience or injustice, either to the Candidates or to the Electors. If it be deterririrred, that Mr. M‘Callum shall be mulcted in the amount of the expenses consequent upon the enquiry. ll will lie first time of a SllcrllI'l being treated with so much severity. Sup- we assume to ourselves the power of a Court of Law, and mil: decided, that he ought to pay the expenses, how are we to act, if he refuse to do so. Our decision will not have the efl'ect of art order in a Court of Law; but there appears to be a disposition on the part oftho Government Maj-irity, to act in a niainier ten times more arbitrary, than would be pursued in a Court w. f the Candidates think they luive cause of complaint, each of them can seek his reriiedy b an action at law; but it would beneath the dignity of the House, to call upon the Sheriff for payment of so trifling a sum as falls on the Government, or to persecute liiut, for what is assurredly an error in judgment alone. llon. Mr. I’l)l'|-I. The honorable and learned meruher for Char- lottetown is the worst enemy the Sheritflias in the llouric. go on in his drefurice riiucli longer, he will render it impossible for it w due re-gurtl to jusiim-. to do otherwise than decide, that Mr. llI‘Cnllutvt is liable to all the expenses uttendsnt upon the past election, as well as those consequ--nt upon the en ttiry concrerrtirig it before this Ilituse. Ile says, the Returning Olh -er eonirtiitted no is ‘nice. How then comes it, t me ask the honorable and learned tncriiber, that we hive set aside the clt-rtion. till the nut- tion ofihe honorable mernber, snlo-ly on account of his. ll?! SlI0rlll"I h.-iving ornitterl to trike irrid subscribe the oath required by the Act? He accuses the Governirient of a dis position to act trmurds the Returning Otlicr-.r in it very harsh and arbitrary inantrer; but I rta ', Sir, that no finveruiir.-nt was ever more willing to act II!flIr'IIKl in such a case, than the present one. 0th‘cer has ndtrtittet his neglect of duty, and apologised to the ones for it. Ilis apology has been received. ulihougli not to the extent of fully exonr.-rating Irirn from all the consequences of his omission; and it remains to be determined. by the llouse, how far he should be called upon to defrtt the expenses which have arisen out of his nu lcct of duty. Rat tltat apology he would not have iniide, had he fu lowed the ad- vicc of the lionorahle and learned uieriiber for Charlottetown; and the coriseqnr-nce to liiriiself, woul ve been his being left in ll tnur-.li less desirable position, than that in which he now stutids with respect to the House. But the honorable and learned member says, tlrouglinut the whole oftho trlfair, the Government mu'nrity have acted in an arbitrary and unparlianretitary tnanner. I e has told us, that we had no right to entertain the Petition against the Re- turrifor Georgetown; and that the power of enquiry did not rest with us, but, by the election law, had been conferred upon thr- Blnirifit and has concluded by reading as a lecture upon parliamen. tary practice nd privileges, in the style of the poor petty-fogging a lawyer, who has lately taken upon hmrself, in Huszard‘s Gazette.- the authority of edge and dictator, with respect to Ilre duty oftho House; althouq the estimation in which both his professinriul clin- ractsr and opin on are held, has lo him as destitute of practice, as he is of principle. The honorable and learned memlier has be- sidss taltsn leavsto insinuate, that we luive exercised air undue assumption of authority, and judged the case, ilimugli the in- Iusncs ofpurty spirit His a l tioaa are it more repetition of the c . ix‘ . . . tunes who are retained. by the obstructive adherents in the cause of thslate Government. as writers for Hassard's Gurus, and *:h‘1'lilsBuelstisnhubssunfesdtslu0eatIltteestaprsvious IrIaadtr—-man equally destitute of moral principle, and altoge- ther rogardless of truth ; two degrad wretches, who won sell themselves, souls and bodies for a crust of bread; containe- ed and despised, even b those who em lay and pay tbsni; rind who nevertheless (sac is their shsmeess etfrontery !) dare to impeach the motives of this House, or their unanimous delertnirtution in entertaining a Petition to institute an enquiry affecting the validity of an e|ection,—a matter of all others which of right belongs to the House alone. and directly to accuse the majority of a predelerstination to decide in favour of one. whom they style a dependent and a pnrtizan of the Govern- merit. The only question now before the Committee is, w amount of fees and expenses the Returning Oflicer ought to be cal- led upon to pay; and, I believe, the general feeling will induce us to act with Ienity. One fact was e icited however, at the end of the exarrrinatinri, which I think, was quite as much against the Re- turning Olliccr, as having omitted to take and subscribe the afliduvit required by law; and that is, that the Poll Book returned to the Sc- cretary's Ollice, and here produced by him, was not the original, but only a copy. I do not name this, however, to induce the Com- mittee to judge the Returning Ollicer with greater severity, but as a caution to other returning otlicers for the future. I myself do not entertain any feeling to the prejudice of i\Ir. M‘Cullum. For the last twenty ears, whenever his public conduct hits been the sub- ject of enquiry. which has been the case several tinres, I have in- variably stood forward in his behalf, because I believed him to be an honest titan, who has endeavoured to do his duty. But I will say, that if he gets off with the payment of the actual expenses incurred It tlto prosecution of the enquiry, he will have much rea- son to be t ankful. Though he may have been obstinate, I cannot believe, that he errod through any malicious intention or political feeling. I do not think. that we onglit tlterefore to prosecute for the £200 penalty; but we ought to require him to pay all expenses con- sequent ttpon i re irivestigation, as it would be unjust to tax our constituents for the blunders committed by any public otlicer, when the law is iruliicieirlly plain and explicit for his guidance. Mr. I‘AL.\Il'3R. Ifthe honorable the Treasurer sell me down as a political partiun, merely because I oppose what I hold. to be unconstitutional. he will, I hope, always have to consider me in that light. With respect to the support which a government or a party may derive from any advocac of their principles or measures. through the editorial columns 0 a Public Journal, he has informed us. that he is becoirie so lolly in his principles, so scrupulously de- icate in his moral perceptiomi, as to ahfink wit abhorrence from the mere idea of being indebted for popular favour or _support, _in the smallest degree, to any writer wlinse riioral reputatinri and ‘in- tegrity are not urisullied by the breath of slander, and placed high above the reach of calurirny and derruction. Such sentiments are indeed inherent in trulv noble minds. and in perfect lnrrmony with all the other feelings of every public man who is truly rent; but when I call to mirid—not the lirintuculato characters, 0 those to whom the honorable tlte Treasurer and in party are now mainly indebted for the laudalions bestowed upon them, by a portion of the public press of this Colony—liut the associate and all , upon whose abilities as it public writer, he was rnninly. if not altogether depen- dent fnr the means of maturing his plots and executing lits rojccts, in his constitutional opposition to Sir lIenryVere lluntley, cannnt, I confess, give the honorable the Treasurer credit for any sincerity in his declaratioirs of high-toned political nrorality. But I do give hint credit—for genuine feelings of batre towards those public writers, who have independently denounced his political profligacy. Ile has alluded, in a tone of extreme bitterness, to the castigatinns which the one or the other of them has, from time to time, bestow- ed upon him; in doing which, I am sure, he has felt all that he has expressed. lle nppeurn still to behold, with terror, the rod by which his punishment has been inflicted, ready to be applied to him again with undirninislied, if not increased, severity; and to contemplate the dread with which it inspires hint, doubtless, aflords his llagellators no little satisfaction. Isltall not further notice the malignant an unjustifiable attack which the honorable the Treasurer has thought ropcr to make upon the cltnructers of the two gentlemen of the ress, who are not here to defend themselves; but I will remind him that they are gentlemen, whose regard for true liberty and con- stitutional rinciples are infinitely superior to his, and whose tn- lcitts and ucation he may well envy. Knowing how competent they are inde rendently of my assistance, to repel the slander and chastise the s anderor, I shall leave to fltcm their own vindication and his punishment, whenever they shall be apprised, by the pub- lluation of this debate. of the attack which has 'ust been made upon tlicnr. 'l‘lte honorable the Treasurer has t ion ht proper-— evidently with a view to aggravate the error of Mr. D 'Callurn—-to rcniark upon his (.\Ir. M‘Ca|lurn‘s) having produced a copy ofthe I’oll Book. instead oftho original; but be (the hon. Treasurer) omitted to state, that r. M‘Calluni had the original with birrr, which he olfcred to reduce, and, in fact, did ultimately produce. With respect to the enity, which the hon. the Treasurer has said, lie wishes to be practised. in dealing with Mr. hI‘Callunt. I out in- clined to think, that on reflection, he has become sensible, that they have been pushing their assumed authority a little too far; and that it may be quite as well to shew a little moderation, at the close of the business. in order that their reputation may be darna ed as little as possible, by the affair, in the estimation oftlre public. ‘or myself, I think, that if strict justice be done to Mr. M‘Callum, any expenses which he rriust pay, if the House will so determine, can- not be r uce too ow. _ Mr. M0.\l'l‘G().\lEllY. The sending for the Sherrll‘, after the election had been set aside, was, in tiny opinion, unnecessary, uri- less it was the object ofthe House to conderiiu liirri on his own evi- dence: and, ifthat was in reality their object, it was a most unjus- tiliable one. He had, however, been examined, and had very cun- didly admitted his having omitted to make and subscribe the alIidu- vit to the Return; but, in doing so. he assigned a very good reason for his having otrritted to do so; I think that, all the circumstances of the ciise considered, he ought now to be exonerated from all further responsibility in the matter. _ h r. l)0l.’Sl‘.. I am not disposed to comment upon the very op- probriuus language which the hen. the Treasurer has directed rrgriinst the characters of certain gentlernen_ who write for two of our Island Newspapers, further than by suytng,that I atn very sorry tlnit he should allow hirriself to speak in so uirwnrraiitahle and so unhecorning ii manner nfany of his political opponents; but espe- cially of such as are not here to defend themselves. Such intent- perance of speech can do no 0 , either to him who indulges in it, or to others; and, I hope, this last display of it here will not be allowed to go fnrtli to the public. I give the hon. the Treasurer cs.-itir for grim] feelings towards the Returning Ollicer; andl hope no one in the House is averse to a lenient consideration of his case. CLARK. The accusations against the majority of this House by the lion. and learned menrher for Charlottt-town. for their oceedings, founded on Mr. Ilyrne"ii Petition. are very unjust. The Intise have acted. throughout the whole of the enquiry, In a int-st impartial manner; and not one meitiber of_it line nianifested an iri- cliriution to deal otherwise than lentently with the Returning Olhcer. The real intention of the hon. and learned member is not however, I believe, to serve the Returning Otlicer; but to provoke the House b his unjust accusations and roundless assertions, to exact the pen- I ty of £200; that, out of nut: severity, he and his party may dc- rive sortie increase of political capital. by riieans of which to injure the rriajority of this House in the estimation of the people. He thought hon. members lnid indul ed in much warmth, which m' In very well have been avoided. ' ‘ho hon. rind learned member or Charlottetown was under a mistake, in supposing that it was the Governrrteut members who had brought inward and were urgin the matter. It was the hon. member for the Second District of _ mined the account of expenses ; and it was he who had been the mover in the riisttsr front t e beginnritg. Ila (_llon. Mr. Cules) was, however of opinion, that that was the pro_pe_r time to settle the ques- lion of the Iteturning 0lIicer's responsibilities. It would be unfair to allow them to continue. banging like a rod_. over.lns head ;as if for the purpose of restraining biiir in the exercise of his ollictal duties. It was very clear, that no one had beeuto blame in the busineos, but the Returning Ofiicer himself; and it could not but be quite evident to the House. that he was liable to a heavy penalty. He (lloa. Mr. Coles), for one, was, however, well disposed to give his case a lenient euasiderntioa; and he would not oppose an reduction of the ex rises. which line. rrisrribsrs might wish to run 0. _ Hon. r. ELAN. Ile was not 'auy feelings of hostility to Mr. M'Calluet ; but he thought. tht instead efbsing sn CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, TUESDAY, MAY 4,1852. subjected to the penalty of £300, he should be let on‘ with the pay- ment of £5 for expenses. and £6 to reimburse the two candidates he would escape very easily. The lenit of such it proposal, could not be disputed by any one, if he call to mind the great trouble to the House, the annoyance to the country, and the inconvenience to the people of Georgetown, which the misconduct of the Return- in Otlicer had occasioned. _ . OONEY. My belief is, that Mr. M‘Ciillum‘s error was a wilful one ; and that he lost sight of his ollicial duty, blinded by his zeal as a political purtn. V it Mr. B rne applied to him for n Scrutiny, he was afraid that, if he shou d grant it, the decision would be against Mr. M‘Aulay; and he said to himself, " I will fix the return, so that none of ye shall get in this time." The Sheri refused the Scrutiny for no other reason than this,—he thought that if it was granted, Mr. Byrne would be the successful candidate; at least this is my opinion of the case. If the Government wink at the rntsct. dual of any public otlicer, in what capacity soevor be may act, they shall not have my support. he llon. the SPEAK!) , in few, but forcible words, pointed out the very great imp;opriety of which be conceived the hon. member for the Second istrict of Queen's County had been guilty, in iving expression to his suspicion of motives. us if his suspicion ha been justified by direct and conclusive evidence ; and said, it would be a pity if such a charge as the hon. member (.\Ir. Mooney) had preferred against Mr. M‘t.‘allum. based upon no better grounds tlr.in mere suspicion, on the part of his accuser, should be allowed to go abroad. Mr. MOONEY. Isoleinly declare, that such are my thoughts concerning Mr. hI‘Callum‘s refusal ofthe scrutiny. lIis well known partizan zeal, on many former occasions, fully warrant tny suspicion concerning his conduct in the present instance; and I hope it will go a tea . Hon. Mr. WIIELAN. If it do. it shall not go forth without an antidote. I present at the election, andl itively declare that, throughout tlte whole, the proceedings were conducted by Mr. ‘Callum. as Returning Ollicer, with the greatestiinpartiality ; and then, to the pro riety and cordinlity of his demeanor, I believe, much of the g feeling and harmony which prevailed on the oc- casiou, may fairly be attributed. The error into which he fell, I feel persuaded, and I believe such is the general impression in this House, was an error in jud merit, and by no means a wilful neglect or omission of duty ; and t ere is not the slightest ground for sup- posing that he acted otherwise throughout the whole of the proceed- ings. than conscientiousl . After Messrs. Douse, Clark, Montgnmer , Thornton, & \Vight- man, and tlte hen. the Colonial Secretary Iizid each, in succession, saidu few words, all in favour ofa lenient coiisiderution of Mr. M*L‘allum‘s case, and the account had been reduced to.C , the Hon. Mr. Cotes mnved, that the whole be struck out. which motion was carried on a division of [3 to 5 : and so the matter ended. HOUSE IN C0.\l)ll'l‘Tl:‘.li 0.\' WAYS AND MEANS. Rxronr or run Aunrroits or rtin Punntc ACCOUNTI. usrvos-r orrtcst. Extract from the Auditors‘ Report on Public Accounts, Nth I-‘e bruary, I852, to which the subjoined Speech of Mr. Fraser has reference. . " In the Impost and Excise Ollice, we compared the Import- ers‘ Entries, with the Books and the furnished accounts. and find them to correspond. This Ollice being that in which the greater part of the Revenue of the whole Country is collected. cannot be cpt with too close vigilance, on the ‘part of the oflicer in charge of it. to counteract the attempts at frau which may be made by indi- viduals to evade the payment of Duties. Impressed with thts cori- sidcrntion, we feel it our duty to offer the following remarks :- I. In few instances, the Report of the master corresponds with the Entries made b the Importers. We would repectfully submit, but some means I ould be adopted to compel the Master of each Vessel to furnish, on Re rtin , an accurate account of his Car o. 2. The IIercharrta' Entries are frequently altered and shew marks of erasure. We consider this objectionable, iiiasrrruch as in an Action for false Entry, rt dilliculty would be experienced in the want of clear proof necessary for Conviction. 3. \Ve notice in some cases. two Entries by the same individual of dutiable Goods, arriving in the same Vessel—-in such casesa rnoro particular form of Oath, for the Post Entry. would be neces- sary, as in each case the Entry is attested to as the whole impor- on. -I. A custom prevails, at this Ollice, ofgranting Permits to land Dutiable Goods, before the Entry is filed or attested to, or the Du- ties secured. ' ‘ 's practirze, we conceive, is not mily objectinriable and contrary to Law, but liable to abuse, and injurious to the Oli- co ‘< an r. 5. In the conversion of Newfoundland Currency into that of this Island, 20 r cent only is a d . pairish and Mexican Dollar is current in that Colony at Five Sliillin , and other coins in proportion, it appears to us, that the I’ur of lixcltango is 25 per cent. 1. Two Entries of Watch Machinery have been made, on which the Duty exacted was 5 per cent. ‘ tore is a doubt on our tllltttls whether these Goods should not ve been classed under Wheel Machinery, paying lb per cent." Ilr. FRASER. Mr. Chairman. since the Report just read re- marks more particularly upon tlte ollice under my charge, I will, with your leave. make sortie observations on it. I‘he first is a dis- agreement between the Master's Report and the entries made, which is easily accounted for, and cannot be otherwise, so long as masters of vessels allow articles to be shipped on board after their vessels have cleared out; or it must be seen, that every arti- cle ao tipped, is over the amount stated in the clearance; and of consequence, the lllaster‘s Report, which is invariably a copy oftho Clearance, will not t.illy with the quantity of goods on boa And, sometimes, when it is not known, that sucliarticlcs are on board till the vessel is nearly discharged, the person owning thcni ntrikes u post entry. it bciitg sometimes the satire kind of G s for which he rniido a previous entry, which accounts for the sanre per- son making two entries of the like nature. And whenever there are articles wanted for which the master will not account, although my are mentioned in the Clearance. he is rttade to swear. according to the account, that to his knowledge _such articles were not shipped on board his vessel. And sornctinies it happens, that nrticlrrs mentioned in the clearance of one vessel arrive in another venue As respects the Watch-niacliinery mentioned, saying that the duty nugtt to he I5 pr-r co-nt., the An-litnrs are ttntlr-.r a mistake. The Entries made and sworn to, tire w.-itclros, which clearly coirie under the 5 r cent , as may be seen b any person who reads tho Act. (Here the honorable member ten part of the Act bearing on the case. The next is, giving I’:-rrnits before the Entries are sworn to. It is well known, that the Treasurer gets it copy of the Entry, with the amount before he signs tlie.l’ermit, which is u check that will not be alter , unless a necessity for so doing shall he clearly shown by the person making the entry. The officer can have no object in letting the irn rter 0, without swearing to his entry, as his rrccnunt must of necessity tally with the Treasurer's. It is possible, the Auditors may have bad in view, articles coming on hoard tlie sterrrnboat. When the boat arrives in the evening. of such articles as are on the deck, an account has to be taken; and sometimes, the owners are allowed to take them to their own dwel- lings, as the Government has no Store to ut them in; trusting to the owners until next inurning to make tlieir entries, which they have always done. so far I am aware : and so long as the Govern- ment shall not linve a place to store such articles, this ractice must previiil. As to giving I'errnits otherwise, it in well nown, laln responsible for the Duty according to the Master's Report, and can have no object in running the risk of ohliging the importers to my own disadvantage. In respect to erasures in the Bricks, there may be a few instances. It is hard to find Books in which there are se- veral columns. composed ofa variety of items. in which there will not be some such instances; but talria the Books asa whole, I will venture to say, the are as clear and airly written out as t e na- ture of the business will adriilt of. The accounts before the House are a specimen of what the boolts are; and. I think. there is not a tneniber in the House, but who will admit that for lngibility and correctness, they will not lose in comparison with any aooouuts furs tlis llosss. Titers has not been found one penny wrong spun useat strict assuiiriation, still I admit the pess‘rbility_ef error in where there ‘I snh a multiplicity of lgsrss: as teen is infallible, _ N0. 1156. We found there was an error in the Auditors‘ own account laid be fore the Hnttae of about £9 0 no doubt it was iuadvertnntl made; and, of consequence, an erasure occurred. In res t the Ex- cliange between Newfoundland and this Island, there may be a. ditferonce which affects the url imlorent duty. The practice has bpretofore been to convert the Currency of n l the surrounding Pro- vinces into Island Currency by adding 20 per oent.; although Notes of o_ne Province have been sometimes at a premium in another; as, for instance, New Brunswick Notes are considered preferable to those of Nova Scotia; and at times ltave burns a premium in Ha- Iifax. But this not having been rnanent, the I rule has continued in converting the whole into Island Currency by adding 20 per cent. Yet. I believe. that of Newfoundland is preferable to_any other_which may alfect the ad tvulorerrt duty a little. The principal articles imported from Newfoundland are West India pro- duce. wliiclt it will notalfect. ponrnore particular enquiry, if I find that bit. is the current value at which Dollars go there, I Ex- change of course will be altered. mistcllaitcous. A IIW WOIDI FOR IAIIIIII. As we have always a practical object in view in our disquisitiens, we now wish to direct the attention of our farmers. for a few uto- inents, to the subject of Agriculture. The great discoveries yet to be made in agriculture, will be the result of strong good sense. close observation. and study ofnatural heuomenu. One very eminent chemist (Liebig), who has down nearly his whole attention to agricultural chemistry. has changed his opinions more than once on certain questions relating to agriculture, especially fertilizing sub- stances. Although chemistry is of vast importance to tlsefariner, a most excellent cliezriist would make but a very poor firmer if lie did not ay attention to more than the mere cliemi-try of his busi- ness. A larit for example, is analyzed, and is found to be com- posed of silicon. potash, carbon, lime, and nitrogen; one says, " I shall make my fertilizers of such a corn undg" s does so, and fails to obtain satisfactory results; why 2 Because he has not been a pro table observer of nature's operations. The human body is composed of nitrogen, carbon, water, phosphorus, lime, silicon, and sortie other substances; carbon, nitrogen, t to phosphate of lime, but especially water, are the principal substances of which it is com- posed. and carbon and water form the greatest rlion of its nou- rishment, us the carbon is the main substance 0 that low combus- tion which keeps uptlie heat of the body: yet who would be so foolish as to prescribe anthracite coal, p iosphorns, lime, and nitru for his daily food? \Ve cannot tell why it is that man must plow, sow, and reap grain, and why he must slay the ox for ‘ ood, when the same substances of which his body is com c:in be dug from the dust beneath his feet; we only know that such is the fact. The grain of wheat requires sunshine, moisture. and the blanket of mother earth, to make it errrririate, row up, and come forth again in the golden harvest to gladden the heart of ‘hose operations of nature to produce certeiri results we are acquainted with, and liavo learned the facts by observation. All the knowledge of the farirtor mustbe obtained by experience and careful observation. Ilis business is a practical one; not that ofa drearticr or spcculator; his eyes trrtist be open to see and his hands read to do—ncvcr afraid to try an experiment. Experiments alone can determine the value of fertilizers, and the bee‘. tnodc of furnit- ing—tlie times. soil and seasons most suitable to do so. It is our opinion. thrt every farmer should have a few acres of his form set otl' for model experimental agriculture; rind this period of the car. we believe. is the proper time to curiintence such a system, hence our present remarks. BEAUTIFUL EXTRACTS. The following beautiful extracts, says the Western Recor- der. we c -py from an Agrlcrtltttral Address, recently delivered h-fore the Lewis County (N. Y.) Agricuitursl Society; by Caleb Lyon the poet. ' Permit me‘ said llio speaker, ' to call your attention to a srtlij:ct intimately connected with the comfort of your own ltoin'.'. I \vottld ask in what manner, an acre of ground in the common course ofcnliivation, can so well be employed as in a garden, or who deserves to have life‘: path strcwed with fruits and flowers more than the farmer I All otir vegetables were originally acclimated here, aml Ilorner who composed his great poem the Iliad, five hundred years before Catlmus brought let- ters iiitu Greece, making Laeitres describe, in glowing colors, the bright associations, that are clustered about this truest cra- dle of agriculture. Here it was that Plato discussed, Ere inn-il, Jesus prayetl. The Chinese have floating gardens, the Persians hanging gardens, the Arabian fountatn garilcns,but ours are Household G.irdens—:ind often life’s happiest moments may be in the me- ntory of the flowt-r plucked from thence to adorn a bridal, or to grace is ' ' " ° " A in was a farmer, while yet in pztravlise, and after his fall, was commanded to earn his lm-ail by the sweat of his brow. Job, the honest, upright and patient, was a fsrrnrr, and his stern education has passed into a proverb. Socrates was a farmer. and lie wedded to his call- ing the glory of his immortal plitlnsnpliy. St. Luke was a far- mer. and divides with Prometheus the honor of subjecting the ox for the use of In in.—Cincinnatus was a farmer, and the no- blest Roman ufthem all. Burns was a farmer, and the muse found him at his plough and filled his soul with poetry. Wash- ington was a farmer, and retired, from the highest earthly sta- tion to enjoy the quiet of rural life, and present to the world its sublimcst spectacle nflruman greatness. To I no image may be added a hostof others who sought peace and repose in the cultivation of their mother earth. The enthusiastic Lafay- ette, the steadfast Pickering. the scholastic Jefferson, the fiery Rat'tdolph—tIll found an Eldorsdo ofconsolntion from life's cares and trnublus in the green fields and verdaatlsvrnsthst surreud. cd their homestead.’ Prtirsxncc or Minn.--A correspondent in North Uist lisd occasion one day lately to send his daughter for the cattle un- der his charge. There were about 80 of them, and unto them two balls, one of which was occasionally in the habit of assaultin en Is. On the day in question the damsel unwar- ily approach the bull too closely, when heiinmediately gave chase. On a level field, without dyhra, gs. or any other place ofrefuge to resort to, what would the reader have done —for to run home. a distance of three quarters ofa rails, was out of the question! The girl, with great presence of mind, ran over to the other bull, n good-nsturrd animal, and much stronger than her assailant. Standing close by his side, and patting him kindly on the back, she drove him towards her fa- tltr.-r'a house, followed by her enraged enrrny. who kept routing and fuming all the way, but when became too close, her pro- tector turned round,nnd, with a shake and loss of his head, he ttlis assailant at bay. In this manner the fugitive arrived ssfily at houre.—Int~¢raur Courier. To I-Ix-rsscr 1-its I.-‘.ssus-riu. On. most stir Fr.owxas—- Take any flowers you choose; place a stratum in a clear earth- I, and ovrr them a strstursi of line salt; repeat the process till the pot is filled; cover closely and place in the cellar.- I-‘orty days afterwards, strain the essence from the whole through a crepe, by pressure. Put the essence thus expressed in clean bottles, and expose them for six weelts to the rays of the sun and the evening drvrs to purify. One drop of this on- sence will comniunicats its peculiar and grateful odor to a quart of water. G_sowrtt or ran Nsw You Crrv.—ll appears that du- ring the past eleven months, there have been erected in the Sixth and Tenth Wards, New York, l,500 new buildings: la the Seventh and Eleventh, 600; and in the remaining Wards 000, making a total of 2,000. ---- — ——...... - ‘-ed-I-as t-‘znno-~&.~.~-. . . ls