I IfIIIIII‘IsIIIIoIt-3 I The Motorist _ IV ALBERT L. CLOUGH ¢ OIL PUMPS AND HOW THEY WORK, CONTINUED-THE PLUNGER- PUMP The illustration shows, in prin- ciple an oil pump »_o'f the plunger type, operated by an up and down motion and essentially like the domestic force-pump.. The parts are shown in partial cross-section. per end of the pump plunger B at. the hinge L, with the result that as G tums plunger B moves up and down and R oscillates sg well as having an up and down motion. In the diagram, theplunger B is show making its ‘up~stroke and oil enter- ing the space P through passage O, which has been opened by the un- seating of ballvalve D, as s. result of the tendertcytoward tr vacuum in I’ as it enlarges by the upward motion _ot the plunger. The suction in P also acts to hold ball valve E tightly closed, The condition con- tinues until B has reached the top of its stroke and tlIe'"c'ylinder space under it is filled with oil. B then commences to descend und, Irs It does so, exert.; pressure upon the oil under it, which closes the ball- valve D preventing oil from being forced back through inlet f‘. At »-` /f \\ »-`\‘ qi \ \ 0! I II. I .\` I2" ,,§x~\w\\\\\\\\;\\t \ I / V _ _I» "\\~\\_ @‘ I \.____,_,._._;.t......._........§is--rl l‘ _E ` ~ -I .IF I X lg _ _ '\ _F\~\ ' C the same time oil pressure. 00m' municated through N opens ball vnlve E allows oil to be forced to the' engine supply-pipes through discharge passage -F, which action goes on until B reaches the l0W€§i point in ill stroke, These actions are kept up lmlelaf sly. the Dump ti-lump on ite up-stroke and ¢llB~ charging on its down stroke. This type of pump has positive sucton power and is capable of filling it- self with oil. ‘ CARBURETOR SOMETIMES _ WORKS BADLY _ is \.N. P. asks: What is pour theory rg to the cause of the following tlfouble which I have expected s veral times? When I open the tgrottle widely to speed up my car. I occasionally runs to sein nnwh headway. seems io run sluggishly ahd soon begins to mise more and more frequently and nearly “ODS- Jly amost shutting the throttle it ilimliy begins to run r'egulnrlY again at low speed. At other times if. accelerates all right? "Answer: The most likely cx- planation seems to be that on these dccasions, the carburetor Elves ll yeatly overrich mixture, which chokes the engine and finally fouls tho plugs so that ilrlng becomes un- c`erin.in. 'With a ldurbureior de_- pending upon an automatic air vtlve to keep the mixuro properly lean a nigh speeds, tho failure of this valve to open would produce 310 effects which you describe. ours may be such n carburetor and you may limi that the vnlve occasionally sticks and fails to un- di \\~ seat. RENEW ENGINE OIL FRE- . ' I-QUENTLY A' Warm Engine is Conductive To Oil Economy IDo you rcallze that your engine requires special lubrication care in cold weather? This is especial- ly true if it is kept in a colq garage allowed to stand out of doors for long periods and is mainly used on runs too short to cause it to be- come thoroughly warm. Under such conditions it will be necessary to draw off and renew the engine oil at least twice as often as is re- quired in -warm weather, in order to safeguard the engine bearings. This is because the oil becomes thin and other-wise contaminated from the increased mixture with it of unburned portions of the gaso- line and of water, which condense and ting their way into the crank- case in cold weather instead ol escaping through the exhaust and the breather-pipe as they largely doin hot weather. If it has been found that the engine oil requires renewal each 1,000 miles in sum- mer, it is probable that, under the above mentioned conditions. it should be changed after each 500 miles of running in order to get rid of kerosene fuel depopits and of water and rF6wal every 300 miles is not uncomnroniy found desirable. In the cue of a. car housed in a warm place; not left idle on the _I street for long periods and so ad- lllillld that its engine runs fain-ly Wlrm. ra. change of ou after each 600 miles may be sumeisnt, but It is impossible to tell just bow often Et should be done except by a chemical analysis ofthe od oil that Ig drawrroff. At any rate it is well is be uptrr the safe side and change ° “ll in winter at one-Iurrr the llllleailo that it is changed in sum. mer. The warmer the engine can be kent. the ranger the on win Pifve, before becommizng thinned w th unburned i‘uel‘, escaping down D88! U10 Pistons and before becom- lllg mixed with water from con. d°'1wl steam, resulting from the gnring Ut U16 hydrogen of the gaso- illfl. which water may freeze in the Utl Dump, strainer or piping ob. H Hwlins or even bursting them and lmeffupting lubrication. The provision of a warm garage, the consistent use of a radiator cover blallkeli. radiator shutter, or the: rntostat water temperature regula- tor and the free application of exhaust heat to warm the carbure. :sir air and the intake piping are Ie most effective means of avoid. lug a cold engine and securing (f)l;a(r)f1i|munI service from each filling Ex'rnA oesker 1-6 REDWE _ comensssroum \ “II II;It'_l_I. "II ssh t,i J`. E. S. writes: I am operating II l¢¢¢-94¢.¢,,,.. -. n 'I '; ' :is , ' .t_. _ LINIMENT KEEP IT HANDY ---- ~ ‘I "__, .,,.,_. l »y --1 ~. g.~ ,»' I, N \, of Jesus, the two apostles went at L ‘ I were all filled with the Holy ISplrit,l 5| _E-_ _, , .gs >.;I<». ¢\\ ,__ _L,,W_. you here V some of the C,ray-D0rr f¢~a`;urr_-5, , ou cairnot irlrci :_\_r\otlIf;»r cur ._`I.“I\_f_- I_.I.. _.,II>__I all, t,_- c--,II-II IIIIIIII-_ l', . I II-1 Yet there is not a feature of tllc Gray-Dori which your c tr all ~-:I l bf _ IQ..-nrt ~~InIi 0:1: wl\IciI .\""’ Cl*-rr I-(,;I1ly afford .,----r;,._,-:.=.=_f~.-. -» .,_.,T.-R-4-_-.'\"’.”' Q _ ‘ .-_r:-(_ _;~‘=,I .2 - . , ,\ I,,\,`\I\I,\, \, `II_ 'eff ’ ‘v,‘~I. .I\_‘ _ .__ I , >- . I \ , `,.I\ Ir... , 1, , ly I , V I If \\ \I \\\ II II -~"I"I\I\`I\ I I -If ~- I I. I _ ':’,"'i‘ .` _ f, ~ \ _ _-II;:-I- ‘VX ,I-‘ 'iW'.‘i"17-W ‘I 2 lk' \""~'»-\`..‘_-lf? 'xi Li" -It ' _ , , _ _ Ie sash; .:,‘:s..§.rf:‘.f;:f:.f.?“'ss; -,I He1~e’5 hfgugi .5355 IWI/III' QPAY-DORT Ii’-‘ the Gray-Dorf rrcfixxfrr- rIi~: nf. I ~ \o' will not find in other litgixt fairs- .-: Ist I om; means many dollars: txfiricd to tin \IIi_Is oi thc Gray-Dorf. MANY TEIOUSIRND C-'VT' 'I-"..‘.'1`- DORTS l’R§'f.',7`.1)1l:') 'l.`lii.`I (,_\I{ These bcttcrmcnts. |Ir~;III-,LI-.pt . .s ;'..~\' rI~_ must not uver.;i1arlo\v tin: ir.--fs iIII'~;r: _ .I-Ilv not mfct (lm 4.,-,m,,,,[ for (]r.I,\I-Dori cars.. Wu .Ici\ lee you |.:_. sec the Gray-Dun now. They had been so long with Iliml _ _ - that they had become like Him. M I. Ste s, e utt & W te Itul. 1,59 Queen St. Phone 521. I. ':|,» ~ ' I: . , t . _ 11.6.2 '_ F.o.s. cr-IATI-IAM s *Its -5*' II" ;§;;;,{ p P?-`.iCr"`.S _ "",'I-'“' -"Im 'I-I ,I -I.-ur.-.I-_ III.;-.I..~fII.I `,"*`~ 't I ' I . ' I ..=-rl -_(til stan- 'hv 'l ~I .- I. II I lol, tlralbaln. II .I" l..r; ew 'I'»_»- . - _ _ I - , I. r_I.I _ _.II_\~I~n,:r-I m.If. tcrrs thesame ; |i'l - T~fr. I_I -If-IIIirI:z alittle t..'. .IIII _-I II.\.-_-II--»,»--II ..I1;.;t`Ir.'ry-Dori l \ _i'~"» -l- ` l ro-I' 'l»I>I'II.'. \ II I iirrr.-.-n rayn- iIfI' II.. I It I_.~.-< I. . _I,,| Gipsy _ 'jig I _‘ 'I._ [\Iot:I lrfxly with . .III < I ‘. .III :I II- .III :III 'I II I I 1-"I TTT7'i'7"I7'm§lIli§Hf_"WA I‘I,,_. , I , _ II _ - . . ' I... I I I.. . vlsrorr mirror. 1': II -.1 .III II. __ I)\~»~I-I-_',,.~ g,-(Javed. . . I I "_c“‘* ' ’ t-.Ir for the I'I_II I I I Ht I,-,_.), I., ,rife up a trc_ "“` "l 'E lt II" Inst. $235 extra on tbl .~II.I: -..'_f. ..._.._.._.._.____._._____. __ '\='Ix.\ .')II,I; i`\ItI.~'II-i'I-I-Ily .-I=III»Ii lI` ' decisiveness. Ilttavk, Wliaieverl -IIIII-_< III tlIII I-.~a-I»IIt,i:Il .--III-I-I_ 't‘llAlu.I>'I"|‘|:'l‘o\\'N GUARDIAN may be allowed to ire l|I~oI>seIIrity., “'l`III-_I~ .IIIII III-cn \\~iIII .it--II_-’_"' .\'II_\I_ .Ion In-:l"l‘. depths, the masculinity of (‘lIri.-- I'oI» \\I'IlI IlI<-I~ III IIIIIIII to bIt~s_<_" _ Ilan desclpleship must stand out "Gott III our I~IIl`IrcI- IIIIII _~III'eIIgIlI, .I """"' 4204" in bold flaming relief. I do not vet-_\~ pr-t_~I-III help III tiIIII- of fear the serried hosts and Irortl-.»_~: tI'IIIrlrlI-, '|`lII»I-<»I'tII-I- will not we of organized devlltry Il' onl,\' lin- fr-III' lII